| identification, expression and characterisation of a major salivary allergen (cul s 1) of the biting midge culicoides sonorensis relevant for summer eczema in horses. | salivary proteins of culicoides biting midges are thought to play a key role in summer eczema (se), a seasonal recurrent allergic dermatitis in horses. the present study describes the identification, expression and clinical relevance of a candidate allergen of the north american midge culicoides sonorensis. immunoblot analysis of midge saliva revealed a 66 kda protein (cul s 1) that was bound by ige from several se-affected (se+) horses. further characterisation by fragmentation, mass spectromet ... | 2009 | 18708061 |
| first detection of leishmania infantum in phlebotomus (larroussius) major (diptera: psychodidae) from iran. | ghir-karzin district is one of the most important endemic foci of visceral leishmaniaisis (vl) in fars province of southern iran. to identify the vector(s) of leishmania in this focus, a total of 2,539 sand flies were collected during june to september 2005. eleven species (six phlebotomus and five sergentomyia) were identified, of which phlebotomus papatasi scopoli and phlebotomus major annandale were the first (37.4%) and third (11.2%) most common species, respectively. natural leptomonad infe ... | 2008 | 18714874 |
| ecoepidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis outbreak, israel. | a total of 161 cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by leishmania tropica occurred in the jerusalem district during 2004-2005; 127 (79%) cases were in a town just outside jerusalem. environmental models suggest that in the context of global warming, this outbreak has the potential to extend into jerusalem. | 2008 | 18760010 |
| sand flies, leishmania, and transcriptome-borne solutions. | sand fly-parasite and sand fly-host interactions play an important role in the transmission of leishmaniasis. vector molecules relevant for such interactions include midgut and salivary proteins. these potential targets for interruption of propagation of leishmania parasites have been poorly characterized. transcriptomic analysis has proven to be an effective tool for identification of new sand fly molecules, providing exciting new insights into vector-based control strategies against leishmania ... | 2009 | 18768167 |
| hyaluronidase of bloodsucking insects and its enhancing effect on leishmania infection in mice. | salivary hyaluronidases have been described in a few bloodsucking arthropods. however, very little is known about the presence of this enzyme in various bloodsucking insects and no data are available on its effect on transmitted microorganisms. here, we studied hyaluronidase activity in thirteen bloodsucking insects belonging to four different orders. in addition, we assessed the effect of hyaluronidase coinoculation on the outcome of leishmania major infection in balb/c mice. | 2008 | 18820742 |
| influence of parasite encoded inhibitors of serine peptidases in early infection of macrophages with leishmania major. | ecotin is a potent inhibitor of family s1a serine peptidases, enzymes lacking in the protozoan parasite leishmania major. nevertheless, l. major has three ecotin-like genes, termed inhibitor of serine peptidase (isp). isp1 is expressed in vector-borne procyclic and metacyclic promastigotes, whereas isp2 is also expressed in the mammalian amastigote stage. recombinant isp2 inhibited neutrophil elastase, trypsin and chymotrypsin with k(i)s between 7.7 and 83 nm. l. major isp2-isp3 double null muta ... | 2009 | 19016791 |
| exploring the mialome of ticks: an annotated catalogue of midgut transcripts from the hard tick, dermacentor variabilis (acari: ixodidae). | ticks are obligate blood feeders. the midgut is the first major region of the body where blood and microbes ingested with the blood meal come in contact with the tick's internal tissues. little is known about protein expression in the digestive tract of ticks. in this study, for analysis of global gene expression during tick attachment and feeding, we generated and sequenced 1,679 random transcripts (ests) from cdna libraries from the midguts of female ticks at varying stages of feeding. | 2008 | 19021911 |
| vectorbase: a data resource for invertebrate vector genomics. | vectorbase (http://www.vectorbase.org) is an niaid-funded bioinformatic resource center focused on invertebrate vectors of human pathogens. vectorbase annotates and curates vector genomes providing a web accessible integrated resource for the research community. currently, vectorbase contains genome information for three mosquito species: aedes aegypti, anopheles gambiae and culex quinquefasciatus, a body louse pediculus humanus and a tick species ixodes scapularis. since our last report vectorb ... | 2009 | 19028744 |
| pcr based on identification of vectors of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in shahrood district, central of iran. | a study was made in rural region of shahrood city, semnan province in the central of iran during 2005 to investigate of vectors of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis. sticky traps and an aspirator were used for collecting of sandflies. three species of phlebotomus papatasi, p. caucasicus and sergentomyia sintoni were collected and identified and the first species was dominant (53%). nested pcr method were employed for identifying of isolated parasites of dissected female of sandflies. among the di ... | 2007 | 19093447 |
| control of phlebotomine sandflies in confined spaces using diffusible repellents and insecticides. | the control of phlebotomine sandflies (diptera: psychodidae), the vectors of leishmaniasis, is directed mostly against adults as larvae develop in unknown or inaccessible habitats. in the current study we tested geraniol, a natural plant-derived product, as a space repellent and the synthetic pyrethroid prallethrin as a diffusible insecticide. geraniol was dispersed in the air using diffusers with an electric fan and prallethrin was evaporated using electrically heated evaporators. both substanc ... | 2008 | 19120969 |
| insight into the sialome of the black fly, simulium vittatum. | adaptation to vertebrate blood feeding includes development of a salivary "magic potion" that can disarm host hemostasis and inflammatory reactions. within the lower diptera, a vertebrate blood-sucking mode evolved in the psychodidae (sand flies), culicidae (mosquitoes), ceratopogonidae (biting midges), simuliidae (black flies), and the frog-feeding corethrellidae. sialotranscriptome analyses from several species of mosquitoes and sand flies and from one biting midge indicate divergence in the e ... | 2009 | 19166301 |
| faunistic study of the sandflies (diptera: psychodidae) in an emerging focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis in al haouz province, morocco. | the moroccan province of al haouz is an emerging focus of human cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by leishmania tropica. in an entomological investigation of three communes in the province (ourika, stti fatma and rhmate), 3440 sandflies were collected on sticky traps in 2005-2007. of the six phlebotomus species caught, phlebotomus papatasi (13.3% of the total collection), p. sergenti (12.8%) and p. perniciosus (12.8%) were predominant, followed by p. longicuspis (7.9%), p. ariasi (2.6%) and p. alex ... | 2009 | 19173778 |
| discovery of diurnal resting sites of phlebotomine sand flies in a village in southern egypt. | in an attempt to find diurnal resting sites of adult phlebotomine sand flies, potential phlebotomine adult habitats were aspirated in the village of bahrif in aswan, egypt. during this survey, sand flies were aspirated from low (30-45 cm high) irregular piles of mud bricks found under high date palm canopies between the village and the nile river. there were 5 males and 7 females of phlebotomus papatasi and 3 males of sergentomyia schwetzi. six of the 7 aspirated females were engorged with blood ... | 2008 | 19181074 |
| molecular data on vectors and reservoir hosts of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in central iran. | due to the increasing number of positive cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis with occurrence of new foci, a study was carried out to investigate on vectors and reservoirs of the disease in the shahrood district, central iran during 2005-2006. sandflies and rodents were collected using sticky papers and sherman live traps respectively more than 1700 sandflies were collected and identified, mainly phlebotomus papatasi species. rapd-pcr analysis of sandflies showed that 10% of p. papatasi and 4.2% of ... | 2008 | 19192615 |
| the phlebotomine fauna (diptera: psychodidae) of the eastern coast of tunisia. | to identify the phlebotomine sand fly populations of the eastern coast of tunisia, an entomological survey was carried out between september and october 2005 at 71 sites located in three districts. cdc light traps and sticky papers were used to collect a total of 2,138 phlebotomine sand flies representing nine species. the predominant species occurring on the eastern coast of tunisia are, in order of abundance, phlebotomus longicuspis nitzulescu, 1930 (40%); phlebotomus papatasi scopoli, 1786 (2 ... | 2009 | 19198511 |
| attachment of leishmania major and leishmania infantum in the midgut of their respective sand fly vectors phlebotomus papatasi and phlebotomus langeroni (diptera: psychodidae). | the attachment of leishmania infantum and leishmania major in the midgut of experimentally infected phlebotomus langeroni and phlebotomus papatasi was examined by transmission electron microscopy. cellular damage in the midgut of infected flies as a byproduct of infection was observed in both species. a difference in the mode of attachment of flagella to the midgut of their respective sand fly vectors suggested higher adaptation between l. major/p. papatasi compared to l. infantum/p. langeroni. | 2008 | 19209766 |
| population structure and geographical subdivision of the leishmania major vector phlebotomus papatasi as revealed by microsatellite variation. | multi-locus microsatellite typing (mlmt) has been employed to infer the population structure of phlebotomus papatasi (scopoli) (diptera: psychodidae) sandflies and assign individuals to populations. phlebotomus papatasi sandflies were collected from 35 sites in 15 countries. a total of 188 p. papatasi individuals were typed using five microsatellite loci, resulting in 113 different genotypes. unique microsatellite signatures were observed for some of the populations analysed. comparable results ... | 2009 | 19239616 |
| antibody responses of domestic animals to salivary antigens of triatomainfestans as biomarkers for low-level infestation of triatomines. | hematophagous arthropods such as triatoma infestans, the vector of trypanosoma cruzi, elicit host-immune responses during feeding. characterization of antibody responses to salivary antigens offers the potential to develop immunologically based monitoring techniques for exposure to re-emergent triatomine bug populations in peridomestic animals. igg-antibody responses to the salivary antigens of t.infestans have been detected in chickens as soon as 2 days after the first exposure to five adult bu ... | 2009 | 19248784 |
| molecular markers for phlebotomus papatasi (diptera: psychodidae) and their usefulness for population genetic analysis. | three molecular typing tools: multilocus microsatellite typing, cytochrome b sequence analysis and internal transcribed spacer 2 (its2) sequence analysis, were evaluated for their usefulness in inferring the population structure of phlebotomus papatasi sand flies. its2 sequence analysis did not prove suitable for inferring phylogenetic and population genetic relationships across p. papatasi sand flies. microsatellite markers showed high resolution in differentiating globally distributed p. papat ... | 2009 | 19303124 |
| spatial correlation between phlebotomus papatasi scopoli (diptera: psychodidae) and incidence of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in tunisia. | the geographical distribution of phlebotomus papatasi scopoli, vector of leishmania major yakimoff and schokhor (kinetoplastida: trypanosomatidae), the etiologic agent of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (zcl), was assessed during september 2006 through a transect from the north to the south of tunisia using cdc light traps. p. papatasi was found to be abundant in the arid and saharan bioclimatic zones and rare in the humid, subhumid, and semiarid bioclimatic zones. similarly, the highest incide ... | 2009 | 19351095 |
| description of a dermatropic leishmania close to l. killicki (rioux, lanotte & pratlong 1986) in algeria. | cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) is endemic in algeria where two forms have been previously described, the sporadic form caused by leishmania infantum in the north and the cutaneous form caused by l. major in central and southern parts of the country. during 2005, a cl outbreak occurred in the province of ghardaïa, located in the north of sahara, where 2040 cases were recorded, of which several were from urban areas. six strains isolated from patients with active lesions were identified by isoenzyme ... | 2009 | 19464720 |
| peritrophic matrix of phlebotomus duboscqi and its kinetics during leishmania major development. | light microscopy of native preparations, histology, and electron microscopy have revealed that phlebotomus duboscqi belongs to a class of sand fly species with prompt development of the peritrophic matrix (pm). secretion of electron-lucent fibrils, presumably chitin, starts immediately after the ingestion of a blood meal and, about 6 h later, is followed by secretion of amorphous electron-dense components, presumably proteins and glycoproteins. the pm matures in less than 12 h and consists of a ... | 2009 | 19471970 |
| aspects of the bionomics of phlebotomus sergenti sandflies from an endemic area of anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in aleppo governorate, syria. | aspects of the bionomics of phlebotomine sandflies (diptera: psychodidae) were studied from june to november 2005 in three foci of anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (acl) in aleppo governorate, syria, where the agent leishmania tropica (wright) (kinetoplastida: trypanosomatidae) is transmitted by phlebotomus sergenti parrot. syria has been designated by the world health organization as one of four countries in the old world where cutaneous leishmaniasis is hyperendemic, but little is known a ... | 2009 | 19493194 |
| emergence of cutaneous leishmaniasis due to leishmania major in a new focus of central iran. | reports from a health center in esfahan province show an increase in cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) cases in the southern areas during 2000-2002, leading us to carry out an epidemiological study using standard techniques in mobarakeh county, central iran in 2003. data were collected on the prevalence of scars and active lesions among 1237 households in dehsorkh district (3086 residents) and 191 children attending primary schools in mobarakeh city. smears were prepared by scraping the edges of the ... | 2009 | 19497606 |
| climatic factors influencing the abundance of phlebotomus papatasi (scopoli) (diptera: psychodidae) in the nile delta. | ecological studies on sand flies were carried out in two villages of the nile delta governorates namely; kafr tahla (qalyubiya) and el quantara el beida (kafr el-sheikh) from september 2003 to august 2005. sand flies were collected weekly from around houses, stables and near rodent burrows using sticky paper traps. a total of 9529 sand flies were collected from the two villages, all of which were identified as phlebotomus papatasi. sand fly activity started from april to december with a bimodal ... | 2009 | 19530629 |
| analysis of salivary transcripts and antigens of the sand fly phlebotomus arabicus. | sand fly saliva plays an important role in blood feeding and leishmania transmission as it was shown to increase parasite virulence. on the other hand, immunity to salivary components impedes the establishment of infection. therefore, it is most desirable to gain a deeper insight into the composition of saliva in sand fly species which serve as vectors of various forms of leishmaniases. in the present work, we focused on phlebotomus (adlerius) arabicus, which was recently shown to transmit leish ... | 2009 | 19555500 |
| an insight into the transcriptome and proteome of the salivary gland of the stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans. | adult stable flies are blood feeders, a nuisance, and mechanical vectors of veterinary diseases. to enable efficient feeding, blood sucking insects have evolved a sophisticated array of salivary compounds to disarm their host's hemostasis and inflammatory reaction. while the sialomes of several blood sucking nematocera flies have been described, no thorough description has been made so far of any brachycera, except for a detailed proteome analysis of a tabanid (xu et al., 2008). in this work we ... | 2009 | 19576987 |
| first report of leishmania tropica from a classical focus of l. major in north-sinai, egypt. | cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) is prevalent in the egyptian sinai peninsula and previous research has consistently documented the etiologic agent to be leishmania major. we report the first isolation of leishmania tropica from human cases of cl in a northern sinai community bordering palestine. parasite culturing, real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr), gene sequencing, and restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analyses indicate cl cases in this community were caused by either l. majo ... | 2009 | 19635872 |
| functional characterization of a salivary apyrase from the sand fly, phlebotomus duboscqi, a vector of leishmania major. | two transcripts coding for proteins homologous to apyrases were identified by massive sequencing of a phlebotomus (p.) duboscqi salivary gland cdna library. the sequence analysis revealed that the amino acids important for enzymatic activity including nucleotidase activity and the binding of calcium and nucleotides were well conserved in these molecules. a recombinant p. duboscqi salivary apyrase was expressed in escherichia coli and purified. the resulting protein efficiently hydrolyzed adp and ... | 2009 | 19651132 |
| phlebotomus perfiliewi transcaucasicus, a vector of leishmania infantum in northwestern iran. | visceral leishmaniasis is caused by leishmania infantum, which is transmitted to humans by bites of phlebotomine sand flies and is one of the most important public health problems in iran. to identify the vector(s), an investigation was carried out in germi district, an important focus of the disease in ardebil province in northwestern iran, during july-september 2004 and 2005. using sticky papers, cdc light traps and aspirators, 3,560 sand flies were collected and identified to species. host bl ... | 2009 | 19769040 |
| seasonal occurrence of phlebotominae sand flies (phlebotominae: diptera) and it's correlation with kala-azar in eastern uttar pradesh, india. | in this investigation, the species composition of sand flies, and their seasonality, nocturnal activity, sex ratio, and resting site, for implementation of future control measures, were surveyed in eastern (gonda and basti) uttar pradesh, india. adult sand flies (2,893) were collected from internal and external sites by sticky and light traps. the sand flies were captured using light traps hung at different heights in trees and in peridomiciliary and extradomiciliary areas of a forest during bot ... | 2009 | 19842430 |
| detection, identification and molecular typing of leishmania major in phlebotomus papatasi from a focus of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in central of iran. | leishmania major is the causative agent and phlebotomus papatasi is the main vector of rural zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (zcl) in iran and elsewhere. nested pcr protocols were used to amplify a region of the ribosomal rna amplicon of leishmania (its1-5.8s rrna gene) in female p. papatasi. in the current investigation, l. major was found in natanz, isfahan province in centre of iran, in a focus of rural zcl. ten (1.8%) out of 549 female p. papatasi was found to be infected with l. major base ... | 2010 | 19854172 |
| [human leishmaniases in morocco: a nosogeographical diversity.] | leishmaniases in morocco are endemic diseases. three forms of leishmaniasis are reported, visceral leishmaniasis, cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by leishmania tropica and cutaneous lesions due to leishmania major. leishmania infantum, a common parasite inducing visceral leishmaniasis, was observed thereafter in cutaneous lesions. the first case of cutaneous leishmaniasis due to l. tropica was isolated since 1987. but, this parasite was shown to be more polymorphic with almost 8 zymodemes. howeve ... | 2009 | 19942371 |
| application of predictive degree day model for field development of sandfly vectors of visceral leishmaniasis in northwest of iran. | temperature plays a significant role in insect's development where a rise in temperature, accelerates the insect's metabolic rates, increases egg production and makes blood feeding more frequent. it also shortens the time period required for the development of pathogens within insects. visceral leishmaniasis (vl) is one of the most important vector-borne diseases transmitted by different sandfly species. in this study, a phenological model was used to estimate the number of generations, peak act ... | 2009 | 19959849 |
| life-history of the sandfly, phlebotomus papatasii: (abstract). | | 1923 | 19983407 |
| inhibition of trypsin expression in lutzomyia longipalpis using rnai enhances the survival of leishmania. | abstract: | 2009 | 20003192 |
| basal release of atp: an autocrine-paracrine mechanism for cell regulation. | cells release adenosine triphosphate (atp), which activates plasma membrane-localized p2x and p2y receptors and thereby modulates cellular function in an autocrine or paracrine manner. release of atp and the subsequent activation of p2 receptors help establish the basal level of activation (sometimes termed "the set point") for signal transduction pathways and regulate a wide array of responses that include tissue blood flow, ion transport, cell volume regulation, neuronal signaling, and host-pa ... | 2010 | 20068232 |
| leishmania major glycosylation mutants require phosphoglycans (lpg2-) but not lipophosphoglycan (lpg1-) for survival in permissive sand fly vectors. | sand fly species able to support the survival of the protozoan parasite leishmania have been classified as permissive or specific, based upon their ability to support a wide or limited range of strains and/or species. studies of a limited number of fly/parasite species combinations have implicated parasite surface molecules in this process and here we provide further evidence in support of this proposal. we investigated the role of lipophosphoglycan (lpg) and other phosphoglycans (pgs) in sand f ... | 2010 | 20084096 |
| ecological niche model of phlebotomus alexandri and p. papatasi (diptera: psychodidae) in the middle east. | the purpose of this study is to create distribution models of two sand fly species, phlebotomus papatasi (scopoli) and p. alexandri (sinton), across the middle east. phlebotomus alexandri is a vector of visceral leishmaniasis, while p. papatasi is a vector of cutaneous leishmaniasis and sand fly fever. collection records were obtained from literature reports from 1950 through 2007 and unpublished field collection records. environmental layers considered in the model were elevation, precipitation ... | 2010 | 20089198 |
| differences in the salivary effects of wild-caught versus colonized phlebotomus papatasi (diptera: psychodidae) on the development of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in balb/c mice. | preimmunization of mice with salivary gland homogenate (sgh) of long-term colonized (f29) female phlebotomus papatasi scopoli (diptera: psychodidae) induced protection against leishmania major yakimoff & schokhor (kinetoplastida: trypanosomatidae) co-inoculated with the same type of sgh. in contrast, preimmunization of mice with sgh of wild-caught female p. papatasi did not confer protection against l. major co-inoculated with the same type of sgh. similarly, sgh from recently colonized (f1) fem ... | 2010 | 20180311 |
| further studies on the phlebotomine sandflies of the kala-azar endemic lowlands of humera-metema (north-west ethiopia) with observations on their natural blood meal sources. | abstract: | 2010 | 20181077 |
| chicken blood provides a suitable meal for the sand fly lutzomyia longipalpis and does not inhibit leishmania development in the gut. | abstract: | 2010 | 20205803 |
| lutzomyia sand fly diversity and rates of infection by wolbachia and an exotic leishmania species on barro colorado island, panama. | sand flies (diptera, psychodidae, phlebotominae) in the genus lutzomyia are the predominant vectors of the protozoan disease leishmaniasis in the new world. within the watershed of the panama canal, the cutaneous form of leishmaniasis is a continuous health threat for residents, tourists and members of an international research community. here we report the results of screening a tropical forest assemblage of sand fly species for infection by both leishmania and a microbe that can potentially se ... | 2010 | 20231892 |
| identification of a tsetse fly salivary protein with dual inhibitory action on human platelet aggregation. | tsetse flies (glossina sp.), the african trypanosome vectors, rely on anti-hemostatic compounds for efficient blood feeding. despite their medical importance, very few salivary proteins have been characterized and functionally annotated. | 2010 | 20351782 |
| laboratory evaluation of novaluron as a rodent feed-through insecticide against sand fly larvae (diptera: psychodidae). | experiments were conducted to evaluate novaluron as a feed-through larvicide to control immature phlebotomine sand flies (phlebotomus papatasi scopoli) (diptera: psychodidae). the minimum effective concentration of novaluron against sand fly larvae fed hamster feces treated with novaluron, or feces of hamsters fed a diet containing novaluron, was 9.88 and 9.88 x 10(-1) mg/kg, respectively. feces of novaluron-treated hamsters were held under conditions simulating the inside of a rodent burrow for ... | 2010 | 20380301 |
| oral treatment of rodents with ivermectin for the control of phlebotomus papatasi (diptera: psychodidae) under laboratory conditions. | the macrocyclic lactone ivermectin was evaluated as a rodent systemic and feed-through insecticide for control of adult and immature sand flies (phlebotomus papatasi scopoli). syrian hamsters were fed diets containing 0 or 20 mg/kg ivermectin for 9 days, and sand flies were allowed to take bloodmeals from the hamsters 0, 3, 7, and 14 days after they were withdrawn from their diets. ivermectin treatment of hamsters was 100% effective against bloodfeeding sand flies for up to 7 days after hamsters ... | 2010 | 20434267 |
| insight into the sialome of the bed bug, cimex lectularius. | the evolution of insects to a blood diet leads to the development of a saliva that antagonizes their hosts' hemostasis and inflammation. hemostasis and inflammation are redundant processes, and thus a complex salivary potion composed of dozens or near 100 different polypeptides is commonly found by transcriptome or proteome analysis of these organisms. several insect orders or families evolved independently to hematophagy, creating unique salivary potions in the form of novel pharmacological use ... | 2010 | 20441151 |
| distribution and seasonality of phlebotomus sand flies in cutaneous leishmaniasis foci, judean desert, israel. | the ecology of phlebotomus sand flies in cutaneous leishmaniasis foci as a result of leishmania tropica in the judean desert was studied. between 2005 and 2007, >265,000 specimens were trapped outdoors and 1,233 specimens were collected indoors. the catches included phlebotomus sergenti parrot, phlebotomus papatasi (scopoli), phlebotomus syriacus adler & theodor, and phlebotomus tobbi adler & theodor. p. sergenti, the local vector of leishmania tropica, comprised 90% of outdoor catches, and rela ... | 2010 | 20496578 |
| trypsin-like serine proteases in lutzomyia longipalpis--expression, activity and possible modulation by leishmania infantum chagasi. | midgut enzymatic activity is one of the obstacles that leishmania must surpass to succeed in establishing infection. trypsins are abundant digestive enzymes in most insects. we have previously described two trypsin cdnas of l. longipalpis: one (lltryp1) with a bloodmeal induced transcription pattern, the other (lltryp2) with a constitutive transcription pattern. we have now characterized the expression and activity of trypsin-like proteases of lutzomyia longipalpis, the main vector of visceral l ... | 2010 | 20502532 |
| effects of ivermectin on blood-feeding phlebotomus papatasi, and the promastigote stage of leishmania major. | ivermectin (ivm) is a chemically modified macrocyclic lactone of streptomyces avermitilis that acts as a potent neurotoxin against many nematodes and arthropods. little is known of ivm's effect against either blood-feeding phlebotomus sand flies, or the infective promastigote stage of leishmania transmitted by these flies. we injected hamsters subcutaneously with two standard ivm treatments (200 and 400 μg/kg body weight) and allowed cohorts of leishmania major-infected phlebotomus papatasi to b ... | 2011 | 20518644 |
| immunity to lutzomyia intermedia saliva modulates the inflammatory environment induced by leishmania braziliensis. | during blood feeding, sand flies inject leishmania parasites in the presence of saliva. the types and functions of cells present at the first host-parasite contact are critical to the outcome on infection and sand fly saliva has been shown to play an important role in this setting. herein, we investigated the in vivo chemotactic effects of lutzomyia intermedia saliva, the vector of leishmania braziliensis, combined or not with the parasite. | 2010 | 20559550 |
| molecular and serological evidence for the presence of novel phleboviruses in sandflies from northern algeria. | during summer 2007, a total of 785 phlebotomine flies were trapped in northern algeria, identified morphologically, organised as monospecific pools and tested for the presence of phlebovirus rna using degenerate primers. three pools were positive, and the corresponding pcr products were cloned and sequenced. viral sequences corresponding to two phleboviruses distinct from each other were detected in sandflies circulating in two close locations (140 km apart) in northern algeria. the 3 sequences ... | 2010 | 20563287 |
| leishmania species: detection and identification by nested pcr assay from skin samples of rodent reservoirs. | many rodent species act as reservoir hosts of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in endemic areas. in the present study a simple and reliable assay based on nested pcr was developed for the detection and identification of leishmania parasites from rodent skin samples. we designed leishmania-specific primers that successfully amplified its regions of leishmania major, leishmania gerbilli and leishmania turanica using nested pcr. out of 95 field collected rhombomys opimus, 21 were positive by micros ... | 2010 | 20566364 |
| first report on isolation of leishmania tropica from sandflies of a classical urban cutaneous leishmaniasis focus in southern iran. | shiraz district in south of iran is a classical focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) and previous research has consistently documented the etiologic agent to be leishmania tropica and leishmania major in urban and rural areas, respectively. however, none of the phlebotomus sergenti, a known vector for l. tropica, of the region has been found infected. we report the first isolation of l. tropica from sandflies in urban community of southern part of shiraz city. parasite polymerase chain reaction ... | 2010 | 20570590 |
| molecular detection of leishmania infection due to leishmania major and leishmania turanica in the vectors and reservoir host in iran. | an epidemiological study was carried out on the vectors and reservoirs of cutaneous leishmaniasis in rural areas of damghan district, semnan province, central iran, during 2008-2009. totally, 6110 sand flies were collected using sticky papers and were subjected to molecular methods for detection of leishmania parasite. phlebotomus papatasi scopoli was the common species in outdoor and indoor resting places. polymerase chain reaction technique showed that 24 out of 218 p. papatasi (11%) and 4 out ... | 2011 | 20575646 |
| malformations of the genitalia in male phlebotomus papatasi (scopoli) (diptera: psychodidae). | phlebotomus papatasi (scopoli, 1786) (diptera: psychodidae) is a major vector of leishmania major (kinetoplastida: trypanosomatidae), a causative agent of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis. morphological characters of sand fly genitalia are key indicators for species identification. various anomalies affecting male genitalia have been previously described. we take advantage of a large sand flies survey conducted in 32 stations in central and southern morocco to systematically quantify the prevale ... | 2010 | 20618642 |
| the life cycle and host specificity of psychodiella sergenti n. sp. and ps. tobbi n. sp. (protozoa: apicomplexa) in sand flies phlebotomus sergenti and ph. tobbi (diptera: psychodidae). | two new gregarines in the recently erected genus psychodiella (formerly ascogregarina), psychodiella sergenti n. sp. and psychodiella tobbi n. sp., are described based on morphology and life cycle observations conducted on larvae and adults of their natural hosts, the sand flies phlebotomus sergenti and phlebotomus tobbi, respectively. the phylogenetic analyses inferred from small subunit ribosomal dna (ssu rdna) sequences indicate the monophyly of newly described species with psychodiella chaga ... | 2010 | 20627106 |
| morphometric and molecular differentiation of phlebotomus (phlebotomus) sandflies. | the closely related sandfly species of the subgenus phlebotomus namely, phlebotomus papatasi (scopoli, 1786), phlebotomus duboscqi neveu-lemair, 1906 and phlebotomus bergeroti parrot, 1934 (diptera: psychodidae), are major vectors of leishmania major (kinetoplastida: trypanosomatidae), the causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the old world. although allopatric in most of their distribution, the three species exist sympatrically in many places in central and eastern sudan. males of the t ... | 2010 | 20633225 |
| anopheles gambiae prs1 modulates plasmodium development at both midgut and salivary gland steps. | invasion of the mosquito salivary glands by plasmodium is a critical step for malaria transmission. from a sage analysis, we previously identified several genes whose expression in salivary glands was regulated coincident with sporozoite invasion of salivary glands. to get insights into the consequences of these salivary gland responses, here we have studied one of the genes, prs1 (plasmodium responsive salivary 1), whose expression was upregulated in infected glands, using immunolocalization an ... | 2010 | 20634948 |
| the stage-regulated haspb and sherp proteins are essential for differentiation of the protozoan parasite leishmania major in its sand fly vector, phlebotomus papatasi. | the stage-regulated haspb and sherp proteins of leishmania major are predominantly expressed in cultured metacyclic parasites that are competent for macrophage uptake and survival. the role of these proteins in parasite development in the sand fly vector has not been explored, however. here, we confirm that expression of haspb is detected only in vector metacyclic stages, correlating with the expression of metacyclic-specific lipophosphoglycan and providing the first definitive protein marker fo ... | 2010 | 20636473 |
| aedes aegypti saliva alters leukocyte recruitment and cytokine signaling by antigen-presenting cells during west nile virus infection. | west nile virus (wnv) is transmitted during mosquito bloodfeeding. consequently, the first vertebrate cells to contact wnv are cells in the skin, followed by those in the draining lymph node. macrophages and dendritic cells are critical early responders in host defense against wnv infection, not just because of their role in orchestrating the immune response, but also because of their importance as sites of early peripheral viral replication. antigen-presenting cell (apc) signals have a profound ... | 2010 | 20661470 |
| chandipura virus growth kinetics in vertebrate cell lines, insect cell lines & embryonated eggs. | since not much information on chandipura virus is available, an attempt was made to study the growth kinetics of the virus in certain vertebrate, invertebrate cell lines and embryonated chicken eggs. | 2010 | 20716815 |
| pcr-based detection of leishmania major kdna within naturally infected phlebotomus papatasi in southern iran. | the annual incidence of cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) in iran rose by 43% over a five year period, from 2002 to 2006; most of these cases were caused by leishmania major. two complementary standard and nested polymerase chain reactions (pcrs) were used to detect parasites within their natural vector, phlebotomus papatasi. twelve different sand fly species were morphologically identified. the most abundant species (31.3%) was p. papatasi. leptomonads were found in nine (2.4%) phlebotomines. twenty ... | 2010 | 20129635 |
| lack of protection of pre-immunization with saliva of long-term colonized phlebotomus papatasi against experimental challenge with leishmania major and saliva of wild-caught p. papatasi. | immunity to saliva of phlebotomus papatasi protects against leishmania major infection as determined by co-inoculation of parasites with salivary gland homogenates (sghs) of this vector. these results were obtained with long-term colonized female p. papatasi. we investigated the effect of pre-immunization with sgh of long-term colonized p. papatasi against l. major infection co-inoculated with sgh of wild-caught p. papatasi. our results showed that pre-exposure to sgh of long-term, colonized p. ... | 2010 | 20810812 |
| phlebotomine sand fly population dynamics in a leishmaniasis endemic peri-urban area in southern italy. | a 2-year survey was carried out from may to november 2008 and 2009 to study the sand fly species composition, its seasonal phenology and density in apulia region (southern, italy). the study was conducted in a dog shelter located in a new residential urban district where leishmania infantum is endemic. sand flies were collected using sticky traps from may to november, at about 7-day intervals. temperature and relative humidity were recorded daily. in december 2008, general environmental improvem ... | 2010 | 20816927 |
| comparative efficacy of three suction traps for collecting phlebotomine sand flies (diptera: psychodidae) in open habitats. | the efficacy of three suction traps for trapping phlebotomine sand flies (diptera: psychodidae) was compared. traps were baited with co(2) and used without any light source. co(2)-baited cdc traps were evaluated either in their standard downdraft orientation or inverted (icdc traps). mosquito magnet-x (mmx) counterflow geometry traps were tested in the updraft orientation only. both updraft traps (icdc and mmx) were deployed with their opening ∼10 cm from the ground while the opening of the down ... | 2009 | 20836811 |
| stage-specific adhesion of leishmania promastigotes to sand fly midguts assessed using an improved comparative binding assay. | the binding of leishmania promastigotes to the midgut epithelium is regarded as an essential part of the life-cycle in the sand fly vector, enabling the parasites to persist beyond the initial blood meal phase and establish the infection. however, the precise nature of the promastigote stage(s) that mediate binding is not fully understood. | 2010 | 20838647 |
| identification of plant tissues from the gut of phlebotomus papatasi by dna analysis. | sugar and cellulose assays can determine if an insect has fed on sugar and plant tissue but they cannot identify the species of source plant. in this study, we used dna analysis together with traditional cellulose and sugar assays to examine the plant feeding habits of wild phlebotomus papatasi during the dry season in the lower jordan valley, israel. about 37% of the sand flies were positive for sugar, 45% were positive for cellulose in the gut, and 41% contained amplifiable plant dna. all of t ... | 2011 | 20849806 |
| oligopeptidase b deficient mutants of leishmania major. | oligopeptidase b is a clan sc, family s9 serine peptidase found in gram positive bacteria, plants and trypanosomatids. evidence suggests it is a virulence factor and thus therapeutic target in both trypanosoma cruzi and t. brucei, but little is known about its function in leishmania. in this study l. major opb-deficient mutants (δopb) were created. these grew normally as promastigotes, had a small deficiency in their ability to undergo differentiation to metacyclic promastigotes, were significan ... | 2010 | 20883728 |
| experimental control of phlebotomus papatasi by spraying attractive toxic sugar bait (atsb) on vegetation. | the effect of attractive toxic sugar bait (atsb) solution including fruit juice, sucrose and oral insecticides on populations of phlebotomus papatasi (scopoli), was studied in the central jordan valley, in a typical area with sparse desert vegetation. three similar plots of land, each 35 hectares, were chosen for experiments: two for applications of atsb and one as a control. sand fly populations in all plots were monitored weekly from may to december. experimental area i was sprayed three times ... | 2010 | 20889177 |
| leishmania-specific surface antigens show sub-genus sequence variation and immune recognition. | a family of hydrophilic acylated surface (hasp) proteins, containing extensive and variant amino acid repeats, is expressed at the plasma membrane in infective extracellular (metacyclic) and intracellular (amastigote) stages of old world leishmania species. while hasps are antigenic in the host and can induce protective immune responses, the biological functions of these leishmania-specific proteins remain unresolved. previous genome analysis has suggested that parasites of the sub-genus leishma ... | 2010 | 20927190 |
| species-diagnostic polymerase chain reaction assays for phlebotomus argentipes and phlebotomus papatasi, vectors of leishmania. | species-specific differences encountered in the nucleotide sequences of a highly variable region of the 18s rrna gene were used to design a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay for the identification of phlebotomus papatasi scopoli and phlebotomus argentipes an-nandale & brunetti, vectors of leishmania. this multiplex pcr assay uses a common forward primer and two reverse primers, which are specific for the two species. amplification of a pcr product of size 788 bp indicates the prese ... | 2010 | 20939366 |
| development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to identify host-feeding preferences of phlebotomus species (diptera: psychodidae) in endemic foci of visceral leishmaniasis in nepal. | anthroponotic visceral leishmaniasis, transmitted by phlebotomus argentipes annandale & brunetti (diptera: psychodidae) sand flies, is regarded as a major problem of public health importance in the indian subcontinent. understanding the feeding behavior of the vector can be used to investigate changes in human-vector contact during intervention programs. an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was modified to make it suitable to identify the origin of p. argentipes and phlebotomus papatasi ... | 2010 | 20939388 |
| epidemiologic and clinical features of cutaneous leishmaniasis in southeastern tunisia. | species-specific diagnosis was performed in 66 patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) living in tataouine focus in southeastern tunisia. leishmania dna was extracted directly from dermal scrapings (n = 66) and from parasites obtained in culture (n = 12). species were identified by using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis for internal transcribed spacer region 1 and isoenzyme analysis. leishmania tropica and l. major were identified in 31 (47%) and 35 ... | 2010 | 21036833 |
| evaluation of juvenile hormone analogues as rodent feed-through insecticides for control of immature phlebotomine sandflies. | the juvenile hormone analogues methoprene and pyriproxyfen were evaluated as rodent feed-through insecticides for control of immature stages of the sandfly phlebotomus papatasi scopoli (diptera: psychodidae). the development and survival of p. papatasi second-instar larvae fed faeces from syrian hamsters, mesocricetus auratus, that had been fed a diet containing methoprene (0, 9.788, 97.88 or 978.8 p.p.m.) or pyriproxyfen (0, 9.82, 98.2 or 982 p.p.m.) were evaluated. the faeces of methoprene-tre ... | 2010 | 21073493 |
| leishmania major survival in selective phlebotomus papatasi sand fly vector requires a specific scg-encoded lipophosphoglycan galactosylation pattern. | phlebotomine sand flies that transmit the protozoan parasite leishmania differ greatly in their ability to support different parasite species or strains in the laboratory: while some show considerable selectivity, others are more permissive. in "selective" sand flies, leishmania binding and survival in the fly midgut typically depends upon the abundant promastigote surface adhesin lipophosphoglycan (lpg), which exhibits species- and strain-specific modifications of the dominant phosphoglycan (pg ... | 2010 | 21085609 |
| punique virus, a novel phlebovirus, related to sandfly fever naples virus, isolated from sandflies collected in tunisia. | sandflies are widely distributed around the mediterranean basin. therefore, human populations in this area are potentially exposed to sandfly-transmitted diseases, including those caused by phleboviruses. whilst there are substantial data in countries located in the northern part of the mediterranean basin, few data are available for north africa. in this study, a total of 1489 sandflies were collected in 2008 in tunisia from two sites, bioclimatically distinct, located 235 km apart, and identif ... | 2010 | 20089800 |
| proteophosphoglycan confers resistance of leishmania major to midgut digestive enzymes induced by blood feeding in vector sand flies. | leishmania synthesize abundant phosphoglycan-containing molecules made up of [gal-man-po(4)] repeating units, including the surface lipophosphoglycan (lpg), and the surface and secreted proteophosphoglycan (ppg). the vector competence of phlebotomus duboscqi and lutzomyia longipalpis sand flies was tested using l. major knockout mutants deficient in either total phosphoglycans (lpg2(-) or lpg5a(-)/5b(-)) or lpg alone (lpg1(-)) along with their respective gene add-back controls. our results confi ... | 2010 | 20088949 |
| occurrence and genetic variability of phlebotomus papatasi in an urban area of southern italy. | abstract: | 2010 | 20738865 |
| bionomics of phlebotomine sand flies (diptera: psychodidae) in the province of al-baha, saudi arabia. | the bionomics of phlebotomine sand flies (diptera: psychodidae) were studied for two successive years (january 1996-december 1997) at 12 collecting stations representing six sectors of the province of al-baha, saudi arabia. the predominant species was phlebotomus bergeroti (41.7%), followed by lesser numbers of phlebotomus sergenti (11%), phlebotomus arabicus (10.6%), sergentomyia tiberiadis (10.5%), phlebotomus papatasi (10.2%), sergentomyia antennata (9.6%), phlebotomus alexandri (3%), phlebot ... | 2010 | 21120352 |
| vaccines to combat the neglected tropical diseases. | the neglected tropical diseases (ntds) represent a group of parasitic and related infectious diseases such as amebiasis, chagas disease, cysticercosis, echinococcosis, hookworm, leishmaniasis, and schistosomiasis. together, these conditions are considered the most common infections in low- and middle-income countries, where they produce a level of global disability and human suffering equivalent to better known conditions such as human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome an ... | 2011 | 21198676 |
| targeting the midgut secreted ppchit1 reduces leishmania major development in its natural vector, the sand fly phlebotomus papatasi. | during its developmental cycle within the sand fly vector, leishmania must survive an early proteolytic attack, escape the peritrophic matrix, and then adhere to the midgut epithelia in order to prevent excretion with remnants of the blood meal. these three steps are critical for the establishment of an infection within the vector and are linked to interactions controlling species-specific vector competence. ppchit1 is a midgut-specific chitinase from phlebotomus papatasi presumably involved in ... | 2010 | 21152058 |
| efficacy of commercial mosquito traps in capturing phlebotomine sand flies (diptera: psychodidae) in egypt. | four types of commercial mosquito control traps, the mosquito magnet pro (mmp), the sentinel 360 (s360), the bg-sentinel (bgs), and the mega-catch ultra (mcu), were compared with a standard centers for disease control and prevention (cdc) light trap for efficacy in collecting phlebotomine sand flies (diptera: psychodidae) in a small farming village in the nile river valley 10 km north of aswan, egypt. each trap was baited with either carbon dioxide (co2) from combustion of butane gas (mmp), dry ... | 2010 | 21175070 |
| differential expression of salivary gland genes in the female sand fly phlebotomus papatasi (diptera: psychodidae). | saliva from blood-sucking arthropods modulates host homostasis and immunity, making salivary components potential candidates to be used against pathogens transmitted by these biting insects. functional characterization of salivary molecules is fundamental to gain a better understanding into their roles during blood feeding and to determine under which conditions such molecules are expressed in the insect saliva. in the current study, we investigated the expression profile of 10 salivary genes fr ... | 2010 | 21175066 |
| association of anthropogenic land use change and increased abundance of the chagas disease vector rhodnius pallescens in a rural landscape of panama. | anthropogenic disturbance is associated with increased vector-borne infectious disease transmission in wildlife, domestic animals, and humans. the objective of this study was to evaluate how disturbance of a tropical forest landscape impacts abundance of the triatomine bug rhodnius pallescens, a vector of chagas disease, in the region of the panama canal in panama. rhodnius pallescens was collected (n = 1,186) from its primary habitat, the palm attalea butyracea, in five habitat types reflecting ... | 2011 | 21212205 |
| sub-additive effect of conspecific eggs and frass on oviposition rate of lutzomyia longipalpis and phlebotomus papatasi. | oviposition behavior is a fairly neglected aspect in our understanding of the biology of sand flies. in this study, we used a comparative approach using both new- and old-world species (lutzomyia longipalpis and phlebotomus papatasi) in choice and no-choice oviposition chambers to evaluate the effect of old sand fly colony remains (frass), conspecific eggs, and their combination on oviposition rates of these sand flies. we also tested the effect of egg washing with de-ionized water on ovipositio ... | 2011 | 21366766 |
| bacterial flora as indicated by pcr-temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (tgge) of 16s rdna gene fragments from isolated guts of phlebotomine sand flies (diptera: psychodidae). | in this study, we tested the capacity of temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (tgge)-based fingerprinting of 16s rdna pcr fragments to assess bacterial composition in a single isolated sand fly gut. bacterial content was studied in different life stages of a laboratory-reared colony of phlebotomus duboscqi and in a wild-caught phlebotomus papatasi population. our study demonstrates that a major reorganization in the gut bacterial community occurs during metamorphosis of sand flies. chlorofle ... | 2011 | 21366767 |
| imidacloprid as a potential agent for the systemic control of sand flies. | our goal was to study the effectiveness of the insecticide imidacloprid as a systemic control agent. first, to evaluate the blood-feeding effect, we fed adult female phlebotomus papatasi with imidacloprid-treated rabbit blood and monitored blood-feeding success and survival. second, to evaluate the feed-through effectiveness of this insecticide, we fed laboratory rats and sand rats with insecticide-treated food and evaluated the survival of sand fly larvae feeding on rodents' feces. in the blood ... | 2011 | 21366768 |
| evaluation of propane combustion traps for the collection of phlebotomus papatasi (scopoli) in southern israel. | in this study, we evaluated the efficacy of eleven commercial models of propane combustion traps for catching male and female phlebotomus papatasi. the traps differed in physical appearance, amount of carbon dioxide produced and released, type and location of capturing device, and the method by which the trap suction fans were powered. the traps tested were the mosquito magnet™(mm)-pro, mm-liberty, mm-liberty plus, mm-defender, skeetervac®(sv)-35, sv-27, mosquito deleto™(md)-2200, md-2500, mt150 ... | 2011 | 21366770 |
| comparative efficacy of small commercial traps for the capture of adult phlebotomus papatasi. | we tested the performance of ten commercial mosquito traps with varying attractive features, against three cdc traps (an unlit model 512, an incandescently lit model 512, and a uv lit model 1212) as well as simple sticky paper, for their ability to attract and capture phlebotomus papatasi in israel. the commercial traps tested were the sentinel 360, the combo trap, the mega catch premier, the bug eater, the ecotrap, the galaxie power-vac, the biter fighter, the black hole, the mosquito trap, the ... | 2011 | 21366772 |
| characteristics of resting habitats of adult phlebotomus papatasi in neot hakikar, an oasis south of the dead sea. | knowledge about diurnal resting sites of sand flies is scanty and often anecdotal. in this study, we explored a part natural - part agricultural oasis in neot hakikar, israel, looking for sand fly resting sites. to achieve this, we developed a new type of emergence trap. sixteen types of microhabitats were examined and in seven of these, we also investigated the rodent burrows. we found that phlebotomus papatasi showed clear preferences for resting sites characterized by vegetation cover, type o ... | 2011 | 21366773 |
| relative attraction of the sand fly phlebotomus papatasi to local flowering plants in the dead sea region. | sugar is the main source of energy for the daily activities of sand flies. considering its importance, there is surprisingly little information on sugar meal specific sources and sand fly attraction to plants, particularly in the field. in this study, we first needed to develop an effective sand fly trap that would be suitable for mass screening of potentially attractive flowering plants. next, we used this trap to screen a total of 56 different flowering plant species and five plant species soi ... | 2011 | 21366774 |
| attraction of phlebotomus papatasi to common fruit in the field. | sand flies have been reported feeding on various plant organs including stems, leaves, and flowers but the attraction of sand flies to sugar-rich fruits has received little attention. in this study, we tested 24 commercially available fruits for their attractiveness to sand flies, and found that the top three attractive fruits were nectarine (prunus persica var. nectarina), cactus fruit, (opuntia ficus-indica), and guava (psidium guajava). these fruits were fed upon equally by both males and fem ... | 2011 | 21366776 |
| comparison of various configurations of cdc-type traps for the collection of phlebotomus papatasi scopoli in southern israel. | we conducted two experiments to determine the best cdc-trap configuration for catching male and female phlebotomus papatasi. first, visual features were evaluated. standard cdc traps were modified to have black or white catch bags, black or white lids, or no lids and these were tried in different combinations. significantly more male sand flies were caught by darker traps; significantly more females were captured by traps with either all black or a combination of black and white features. attrac ... | 2011 | 21366777 |
| genetic structures of sand fly (diptera: psychodidae) populations in a leishmaniasis endemic region of turkey. | the object of this study was to determine the genetic structures of three vector species, phlebotomus tobbi, phlebotomus papatasi, and phlebotomus sergenti, in the cukurova region of turkey, an endemic focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis. the genetic diversity indices, neutrality tests and hierarchical analysis of molecular variance (amova) were performed using partial sequences of its2 and cytochrome b gene regions. in all species, within population genetic variation was higher than between popula ... | 2011 | 21366779 |
| different methods of using attractive sugar baits (atsb) for the control of phlebotomus papatasi. | we have previously shown that fermented ripe fruit is a strong attractant for several mosquito species, and when mixed with oral insecticide these attractive toxic sugar baits (atsb) were highly effective for local mosquito control. in the present study, we compared the effects of atsb presented in different ways on isolated populations of phlebotomus papatasi scopoli. experiments were carried out in the arid habitat of the jordan valley, israel where the effectiveness of three methods was compa ... | 2011 | 21366782 |
| phlebotomus sergenti (parrot, 1917) identified as leishmania killicki host in gharda+»a, south algeria. | since 2005, an outbreak of human cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) in gharda+»a, south algeria, was studied and one output of these investigations was the identification of two leishmania species, leishmania major and leishmania killicki, as the cl causative agents. in the present study, we were curious to focus on sand fly fauna present in this area and detection of leishmania-positive sand fly females. sand flies (3717) were collected during two seasons using sticky papers and cdc light traps in ur ... | 2011 | 21382502 |
| the sandflies (diptera: psychodidae, phlebotominae) in military camps in northern afghanistan (2007-2009), as identified by morphology and dna 'barcoding'. | as part of a continuous, standardized programme of monitoring the leishmania vectors in german military camps in northern afghanistan between 2007 and 2009, a detailed taxonomic analysis of the endemic sandfly fauna, as sampled using light and odour-baited traps, was conducted. of the 10 sandfly species that were recorded, six may serve as enzootic and/or zooanthroponotic vectors of parasites causing human leishmaniasis. the use of a simple dna-'barcoding' technique based on the mitochondrial cy ... | 2011 | 21396252 |
| characterization of the antibody response to the saliva of phlebotomus papatasi in people living in endemic areas of cutaneous leishmaniasis. | abstract. important data obtained in mice raise the possibility that immunization against the saliva of sand flies could protect from leishmaniasis. sand fly saliva stimulates the production of specific antibodies in individuals living in endemic areas of parasite transmission. to characterize the humoral immune response against the saliva of phlebotomus papatasi in humans, we carried out a prospective study on 200 children living in areas of leishmania major transmission. we showed that 83% of ... | 2011 | 21540371 |
| the midgut transcriptome of phlebotomus (larroussius) perniciosus, a vector of leishmania infantum: comparison of sugar fed and blood fed sand flies. | abstract: | 2011 | 21569254 |