| comparison of electron microscopy, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and latex agglutination for the detection of bovine rotavirus in faeces. | the performance characteristics of 2 enzyme immunoassays (elisas) and 4 latex agglutination assays (lxs) were evaluated for the detection of bovine rotavirus in faecal specimens of young calves with diarrhoea. a total of 26 specimens from calves less than 5 months of age were examined with different commercial assays and compared with electron microscopy (em) as the gold standard and with polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page) for the detection of atypical, non-group a rotaviruses. in the 2nd ... | 1997 | 9408894 |
| rotavirus g-type restriction, persistence, and herd type specificity in swedish cattle herds. | g-typing of rotavirus strains enables the study of molecular epidemiology and gathering of information to promote disease prevention and control. rotavirus strains in fecal specimens from neonatal calves in swedish cattle herds were therefore characterized by using g1 to -4-, g6-, g8-, and g10-specific primers in reverse transcription (rt)-pcr. fecal samples were collected from one dairy herd (herd a) for 4 consecutive years and from 41 beef and dairy herds (herd b) experiencing calf diarrhea ou ... | 1999 | 10066651 |
| immunity to rotavirus infection in mice. | recent findings from our laboratory regarding the immune response of mice to rotavirus (a mucosal pathogen) show that although in most situations an acquired (t or b cell or both) response is necessary for elimination of primary rotavirus infection, unidentified innate mechanisms can also play a role in some mouse strains. similar to what is seen with many other viruses, cd8+ t cells appear to provide the first but not the exclusive mechanism that mediates clearance of a primary rotavirus infect ... | 1999 | 10099121 |
| comparison of enzyme immunoassay, pcr, and type-specific cdna probe techniques for identification of group a rotavirus gene 4 types (p types). | this study was designed to evaluate three techniques most commonly used to identify the vp4 (p) types of human group a fecal rotaviruses. the techniques included pcr with nested primers and hybridization with pcr-generated probes (to determine the p genotypes). the results obtained by these genetic techniques were evaluated against those obtained by an enzyme immunoassay (eia) incorporating neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (n-mabs) reacting with three major human p serotypes (serotypes p1a, p1 ... | 1997 | 9399502 |
| prevalence of human group a rotavirus serotypes in pune, india (1990-1993). | a total of 205 specimens positive for rotaviruses obtained during 1990-93 surveillance studies of hospitalized patients with diarrhoea were tested by elisa for g serotypes. of these, 107 (52.19%) specimens could be serotyped. seventy four specimens were assigned to one of the g1-g4 serotypes. of the 74 specimens, 49 (66.2%) reacted with mab against g2. of 107 typeable specimens, 33 showed dual or multiple reactivity. eighteen specimens reacted with mab specific to g1 and g2 serotypes. five speci ... | 1997 | 9439097 |
| characterization of group c rotaviruses associated with diarrhea outbreaks in feeder pigs. | feces and serum specimens were collected from three farms in michigan on which approximately 50-lb (8- to 9-week-old) pigs experienced diarrhea just after placement into all-in-all-out finishing barns. the clinical signs (profuse watery diarrhea lasting about 2 weeks and no vomiting) were similar on all farms, and the morbidity rate was high (ranging from 60 to 80%) but without mortality. eleven diarrheic fecal samples from the farms were tested for group a and c rotaviruses by immune electron m ... | 1999 | 10203510 |
| comparison of specific and random priming in the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for genotyping group a rotaviruses. | this study describes an approach to the molecular typing of rotaviruses which requires only a single rna extraction and reverse transcription (rt) reaction using random primers. random-primed rt provides complementary dna (cdna) which can be used not only for g- and p-typing polymerase chain reactions (pcr), but also for the detection of other rna viruses which may act as enteric pathogens. it is a sensitive and specific method that can detect 10 virus particles/ml of 10% faecal suspension provi ... | 1999 | 10204700 |
| nigerian rotavirus serotype g8 could not be typed by pcr due to nucleotide mutation at the 3' end of the primer binding site. | a rotavirus strain hmg89 from nigeria with short electrophoretic pattern was typed g3 by pcr. a cdna clone from the pcr product which hybridised in northern blots to rna segment 9 of the homologous nigerian rotavirus strain hmg89 and laboratory reference strain 69m but not to other mammalian group a rotaviruses was sequenced. the vp7 gene 9 sequence is 1060 nucleotides long with two base deletions at positions 1034-1035. sequence analysis of the primer (aat8) used in the previous pcr serotyping ... | 1997 | 9672646 |
| viral diarrhea in children in beijing, china. | a study was undertaken from november 1994 to august 1996 to determine the role of viruses in children (< or =5 years of age) hospitalized at beijing children hospital, beijing china, for acute diarrhea. stool samples from diarrheal patients were investigated by elisa, electron microscopy, and rt-pcr for the presence of rotavirus, calicivirus, astrovirus, and adenovirus. group a rotavirus was detected in 55.9% of all diarrheal patients and comprised 82.5% of all viruses detected. group a rotaviru ... | 1999 | 10089052 |
| conserved structural features of nonstructural glycoprotein nsp4 between group a and group c rotaviruses. | the nonstructural glycoprotein nsp4 of group c human rotavirus strain ehime 9301 was determined to be 150 amino acids in length and 96% identical with the nsp4 of another group c human rotavirus strain bristol. both nsp4 sequences were virtually unrelated to group a rotavirus nsp4s. however, the structural features of group a and group c rotavirus nsp4s were similar with hydrophobic domains being in the amino terminus and a coiled coil domain after the membrane-spanning domain, although group c ... | 1997 | 9672644 |
| identification of the rna-binding, dimerization, and eif4gi-binding domains of rotavirus nonstructural protein nsp3. | the rotavirus nonstructural protein nsp3 is a sequence-specific rna binding protein that binds the nonpolyadenylated 3' end of the rotavirus mrnas. nsp3 also interacts with the translation initiation factor eif4gi and competes with the poly(a) binding protein. deletion mutations and point mutations of nsp3 from group a rotavirus (nsp3a), expressed in escherichia coli, indicate that the rna binding domain lies between amino acids 4 and 149. similar results were obtained with nsp3 from group c rot ... | 1999 | 10364288 |
| seroepidemiology of group a rotavirus in suburban são paulo, brazil. | age-specific patterns of rotavirus infection were investigated using a randomly selected and representative sample of sera from a suburban community of são paulo, brazil screened for class-specific antibodies to group a rotavirus. age-serology of anti-rotavirus igg showed primary infection predominant in young infants with a median age of around 18 months consistent with igm serology suggesting highest rates of recent infection between ages 4 and 48 months. anti-rotavirus serum iga prevalence in ... | 1998 | 9692612 |
| group a rotavirus as a cause of neonatal calf enteritis in sweden. | faeces samples were collected during outbreaks of neonatal calf diarrhoea in 14 beef and dairy herds. samples from 33 calves were taken at the onset of diarrhoea as well as from 30 calves with no signs of enteritis. no vaccines or medical treatment had previously been given. the mean age of the calves was 16.8 days (sd 8.2). the clinical evaluation of faeces consistency corresponded well to the dry matter content of the faeces (p < 0.001). the samples were analyzed for rotavirus, cryptosporidium ... | 1998 | 9787483 |
| prevalence of calf diarrhea caused by bovine group a rotavirus carrying g serotype 8 specificity. | one hundred and seventeen rectal fecal specimens were collected in 1995 and 1996 from calves with diarrhea in kagoshima prefecture in japan. the bovine group a rotavirus was detected by enzyme immunoassay in 43 of 117 specimens and isolated from 33 of the 43 specimens that were positive. g serotype, p serotype, and p genotype of 33 isolates were identified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and 20 of 33 isolates (60.6%) were identified as g serotype 8. thus, we discovered that c ... | 1999 | 10384891 |
| characterization by polymerase chain reaction of ruminant rotaviruses isolated in italy. | several group a rotaviruses isolated in italy from cattle, buffalos and goats were characterized by polymerase chain reaction assay for g- and p-type. g6 and p5 were the types most frequently recovered. the genotypes of buffalo and goat strains were similar to those of cattle isolates. | 1999 | 10322609 |
| a study of infectious intestinal disease in england: microbiological findings in cases and controls. | a study was undertaken to identify the microorganisms and toxins in stool specimens associated with infectious intestinal disease (iid) among cases in the community and presenting to general practitioners (gps) and in asymptomatic controls. population based cohorts were recruited from practice lists in 70 practices and followed for 26 weeks (cohort component). seven hundred and sixty-one cases of iid identified from the cohorts, 2893 cases who presented to gps in 34 of the practices (gp componen ... | 1999 | 10402744 |
| infection with group c rotavirus in a suburban community in brazil. | group c rotaviruses are associated with sporadic outbreaks of gastroenteritis worldwide. age-specific seroprevalence of group c rotavirus antibodies was investigated in sera, randomly collected and representative of a suburban community in brazil which had previously been screened for group a rotavirus antibodies. antibody prevalence to group c rotavirus was low in children under 5 years and increased slowly with age to 36% seropositivity in adults, reflecting continuous exposure to primary infe ... | 1998 | 9855402 |
| seasonality and diversity of group a rotaviruses in europe. | group a rotaviruses are a major cause of severe gastroenteritis in children under 4 y of age worldwide. group a rotaviruses have been identified in many animal and bird species, they are antigenically complex, and multiple serotypes infect humans. re-assortant rotavirus vaccines are now available which confer protection against severe illness due to rotavirus serotypes g1-4. before vaccines are introduced it is necessary to establish the diversity of rotavirus in the target population to ensure ... | 1999 | 10088906 |
| burden of human rotavirus-associated hospitalizations in three geographic regions of hungary. | data on hospital admissions and laboratory reports were used to estimate the number of hospitalizations of children aged 14 y or less in three geographic regions of hungary due to group a rotavirus infection. between january 1993 and december 1996, 9182 hospitalizations for gastroenteritis occurred, of which 1946 (21%) were associated with rotavirus infection. most (90%) of the rotavirus detections were among children aged 4 y or less. by extrapolation, an estimated 5000 rotavirus-related hospit ... | 1999 | 10088914 |
| human group c rotavirus in children with diarrhea in the federal district, brazil. | group c rotaviruses are fastidious in their in vitro cell culture requirements. recent serosurveys indicate that antibody to group c rotavirus is present in 3-45% of the human population in certain geographic locations, suggesting that rotavirus group c infection is more prevalent than previously believed and that the low rate of detection of these agents is probably due to the lack of sensitive diagnostic assays. from march to december 1994, 406 fecal specimens were collected from children unde ... | 1998 | 9921274 |
| sequence analysis and in vitro expression of genes 6 and 11 of an ovine group b rotavirus isolate, kb63: evidence for a non-defective, c-terminally truncated nsp1 and a phosphorylated nsp5. | an ovine group b rotavirus (gbr) isolate, kb63, was isolated from faeces of a young goat with diarrhoea in xinjiang, people's republic of china. sequence determination and comparison of genes 6 and 11 with the corresponding sequences of gbr strains adrv and idir showed that they were the cognate genes encoding nsp1 and nsp5, respectively. while the overall identities of nucleotide sequences between these two genes and the corresponding genes of strains adrv and idir were in the range 52.6-57.2%, ... | 1999 | 10466806 |
| an outbreak of group c rotavirus gastroenteritis among adults living in valentim gentil, são paulo state, brazil. | an outbreak of gastroenteritis affecting adults and children occurred in the small city of valentim gentil, são paulo, brazil, in 1993. nineteen faecal samples (from 10 cases and 9 contracts) were examined by direct electron microscopy (dem), immune electron microscopy (iem), polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for group a and c rotaviruses. dem detected rotavirus in 6 of the 10 cases and in none of the contacts. all of the samples were negati ... | 1998 | 9805410 |
| typing by polymerase chain reaction of buffalo rotaviruses isolated in italy. | six group a rotaviruses were isolated in italy from buffaloes during different outbreaks of calf diarrhoea occurring in the same dairy herd over a 5-year period of observation. the isolates were characterized by polymerase chain reaction assay for g- and p-type antigens. g8 and p1 were the types most frequently isolated. | 1999 | 10528547 |
| evidence of high-frequency genomic reassortment of group a rotavirus strains in bangladesh: emergence of type g9 in 1995. | we characterized 1,534 rotavirus (rv) strains collected in bangladesh from 1992 to 1997 to assess temporal changes in g type and to study the most common g and p types using reverse transcription-pcr, oligonucleotide probe hybridization, and monoclonal antibody-based enzyme immunoassay. results from this study combined with our previous findings from 1987 to 1991 (f. bingnan et al., j. clin. microbiol. 29:862-868, 1991, and l. e. unicomb et al., arch. virol. 132:201-208, 1993) (n = 2,515 fecal s ... | 1999 | 10325342 |
| evaluation of the immunocardstat! rotavirus assay for detection of group a rotavirus in fecal specimens. | rapid detection of group a rotavirus was performed by using immunocardstat! rotavirus (ics-rv) (which uses immunogold-based, horizontal-flow membrane technology), two commercial enzyme immunoassays (premier rotaclone and testpack rotavirus), and electron microscopy. a total of 249 stool specimens collected from children with gastroenteritis between february and april 1997 were tested. after resolution of 19 of the 22 discordant results by reverse transcription-pcr for group a rotavirus, ics-rv d ... | 1999 | 10325358 |
| dual infection of gnotobiotic calves with bovine strains of group a and porcine-like group c rotaviruses influences pathogenesis of the group c rotavirus. | there is serological evidence that bovine group c rotaviruses exist in the united states, but there are no reports of their isolation. ninety fecal samples from calves with diarrhea, 81 samples from adult cows with diarrhea (winter dysentery), and 20 fecal samples from healthy adult cows were tested for group c rotaviruses by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, immune electron microscopy, and reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr). three samples from adult cow diarrhea cases were positive only by rt ... | 1999 | 10516037 |
| flow cytometry and rt-pcr for rotavirus detection in artificially seeded oyster meat. | a flow cytometry (fc)-based method was developed for the detection of rotavirus in oyster meat using simian rotavirus sa11 as a model. to study virus recovery, oyster meat was injected with rotavirus and the oyster extract used to infect ma104 cell monolayers. following varying periods of infection, the cells were recovered and reacted with the monoclonal antibody m60 which is specific for the rotavirus group a serotypes 1-4 outer capsid protein, vp7, followed by a second antibody (anti mouse ig ... | 1999 | 10477065 |
| rotavirus: a new vaccine for the uk? | | 1999 | 10490510 |
| diarrhea induction by rotavirus nsp4 in the homologous mouse model system. | comparison of the nsp4 amino acid sequences from 31 strains of mammalian rotaviruses revealed the presence of four distinct nsp4 alleles; i.e., the wa, kun, au-1, and ew alleles. the ew allele consists only of nsp4s from murine rotavirus strains and is divergent from other nsp4 alleles from the evolutionary perspective. there have been conflicting reports regarding the enterotoxigenic activity of nsp4 in the mouse model system; heterologous simian and porcine rotavirus nsp4s function as an enter ... | 1999 | 10502518 |
| rotavirus. | rotavirus is the leading cause of nonbacterial gastroenteritis in young children and may infect neonates, older children, and adults as well. a large number of serogroups and types complicates the study, epidemiology, diagnosis, and prevention of rotaviral illness. currently, routine diagnostic methods are satisfactory only for group a rotaviruses, and most commercially available kits in widespread use detect only this serogroup. rehydration therapy and electrolyte management remain the primary ... | 1999 | 10549433 |
| proteolytic inactivation of simian-11 rotavirus: a pilot study. | in an effort to develop alternate disinfectants for rotaviruses, pilot studies were conducted to determine if bacterial proteases could render simian-11 (sa-11) rotavirus non-infectious. sa-11 was found to be fairly temperature resistant, retaining a low-level of infectivity following 65 degrees c treatment for 2h at ph 8.5. it also resisted ph 8.5-5 at 45 degrees c for 2h. alcalase, an alkaline protease, was the most effective of the various proteases (alcalase, durazym, neutrase, and savinase) ... | 2000 | 10808088 |
| genotype profiles of rotavirus strains from children in a suburban community in guinea-bissau, western africa. | the p (vp4) and g (vp7) genotypes of 167 group a rotavirus strains obtained during the period 1996 to 1998 from 149 children living in a suburban community in guinea-bissau, western africa, were determined by the reverse transcription-pcr technique. a total of nine combinations including five different p types and five different g types were identified. the globally common genotype pairs p[8], g1; p[4], g2; p[8], g3 and p[8], g4 were underrepresented in this study area. we found a substantial ye ... | 2000 | 10618098 |
| vp7 and vp4 genotyping of human group a rotavirus in buenos aires, argentina. | specific and sensitive tests for the detection and typing of group a rotavirus strains are needed for a more comprehensive knowledge of the epidemiology of rotaviral infection. in this study 500 stool specimens taken from 1996 to 1998 from children with acute diarrhea in buenos aires were examined. group a rotavirus was unequivocally demonstrated in 62% of the samples tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for detection of vp6 antigen, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of double-st ... | 2000 | 10618096 |
| human rotavirus hcr3 possesses a genomic rna constellation indistinguishable from that of feline and canine rotaviruses. | infection and spread of group a rotaviruses under natural conditions are mostly limited to one animal host species. however, rare molecular evidence exists for interspecies transmission by whole virions of animal rotaviruses to humans. human rotavirus strain hcr3, which was isolated in 1984 from a healthy infant in philadelphia, u.s.a. was shown by rna-rna hybridization to form 11 hybrid bands with feline rotavirus strain frv64 and canine rotavirus strains cu-1 and k9, but not with rotaviruses c ... | 2000 | 11205126 |
| molecular characterization of human group c rotavirus genes 6, 7 and 9. | genes 6, 7 and 9 of human group c rotavirus 'bristol' strain, encoding non-structural proteins (nsp) 3, 1 and 2, respectively, were cloned and sequenced. human group c rotavirus genome segment 6 is 1350 bp and contains a single orf of 1231 nucleotides (encoding 402 amino acids). genome segment 7 is 1270 bp and encodes a protein of 394 amino acids and genome segment 9 is 1037 bp and encodes a 312 amino acid protein. the human group c rotavirus genes 6, 7 and 9 showed 78, 67 and 88% sequence ident ... | 1999 | 10567650 |
| rotavirus vaccines: development and use for the prevention of diarrhoeal disease. | rotavirus causes annually 600 000 deaths of young children worldwide, mainly in developing countries. the burden of rotavirus disease is significant also in developed countries and has not diminished with improved hygiene. natural protective immunity against severe rotavirus disease is built up during the first 2-3 years of life. likewise, studies with live attenuated oral rotavirus vaccines have shown that the majority of severe episodes of rotavirus diarrhoea are preventable by oral immunizati ... | 1999 | 10219717 |
| analysis of human rotavirus g serotype in bangladesh by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and polymerase chain reaction. | distribution of human rotavirus g serotype was investigated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) with faecal specimens obtained from children with diarrhoea in bangladesh. by elisa, subgroup and g serotype were determined for 59.5% and 28.6% of group a rotavirus-positive specimens respectively. however, of the 120 specimens, the g serotype of which was not determined by elisa, serotype of the 112 specimens was typed by pcr. in total, g serotype was ass ... | 1999 | 10892493 |
| epidemiological study of the g serotype distribution of group a rotaviruses in kenya from 1991 to 1994. | an epidemiological study on the g serotype distribution of group a rotaviruses (garv) isolated in kenya was carried out in one urban hospital in nairobi and in two rural hospitals in nanyuki and kitui to clarify the prevalent g serotypes before future introduction of the ready licensed rotavirus vaccine in kenya. a total of 1,431 stool specimens were collected from children, who were mainly outpatients, aged from 0 to 6 years old with acute gastroenteritis from august 1991 to july 1994. samples ... | 1999 | 10447427 |
| incidence and genetic diversity of group c rotavirus among adults. | fecal samples from a 1-year prospective study were investigated to establish the role of group c rotavirus infections in acute diarrhea in swedish adults (>15 years old). rotaviruses were found in samples from 3% of the patients, and, in 35% of these, group c rotavirus was detected. clinical symptoms of group c rotavirus infection were generally milder than those of group a rotavirus infection. gene 8 (vp7) from 12 group c isolates, including strains from the prospective study, a military outbre ... | 2000 | 10950759 |
| prevalence of group a rotavirus, human calicivirus, astrovirus, and adenovirus type 40 and 41 infections among children with acute gastroenteritis in dijon, france. | group a rotaviruses, human caliciviruses, astroviruses, and adenovirus types 40 and 41 were detected by enzyme immunoassay or reverse transcription-pcr in 61, 14, 6, and 3% of stool specimens from 414 children consulting for gastroenteritis between 1995 and 1998. these data highlight the importance of caliciviruses in infantile gastroenteritis. among these, norwalk-like viruses belonging to genogroup ii were predominant. | 1999 | 10449507 |
| molecular epidemiology of group a rotavirus causing acute diarrhea in infants and young children hospitalized in rio de janeiro, brazil, 1995-1996. | during 1995-1996, an epidemiological survey was conducted at fernandes figueira institute (rio de janeiro, dc) on group a rotavirus strains causing acute diarrhea in infants and young children. rotaviruses were detected in 15.7% of examined specimens. among the rotavirus strains tested for dsrna by page, 70% belonged to the long pattern and 30% to the short pattern. a long pattern classified as la was the prevalent electropherotype among all of the types, and the prevalent short pattern was a un ... | 2000 | 10934494 |
| rotavirus infection among infants with diarrhea in vietnam. | rotavirus was examined from diarrheal stool samples of 158 infants in rural area near ho chi minh city, vietnam, from 1994 to 1996. group a rotavirus was detected in 50%. g1 and g4 were the predominant serotypes. g3 was not detected. the most predominant type changed from year to year. rotavirus was found in all seasons, especially in winter and autumn. infants younger than 2 years of age were those mostly infected and the virus was suspected to invade high concentration in this area. | 2000 | 10986881 |
| epidemiology of rotavirus infection in thailand. | rotavirus is a major cause of acute severe diarrhea in children worldwide and an important cause of death among young children in developing countries. group a rotaviruses are antigenically complex and multiple serotypes infect humans. reassortant rotavirus vaccines are now available which offer protection against severe illness caused by rotavirus serotypes g1-4. before vaccines are introduced into target populations, it is necessary to establish the baseline data of the epidemiology of rotavir ... | 2000 | 10986880 |
| epidemiologic features of rotavirus infection in taiwan: a review. | group a rotaviruses are a major cause of severe gastroenteritis in children under 4 years of age worldwide. group a rotaviruses have been identified in many animal and bird species; they are antigenically complex, and multiple serotypes infect humans. reassortant rotavirus vaccines are now available that confer protection against severe illness due to rotavirus serotypes g1-4. before vaccines are introduced, it is necessary to establish their efficacy and to establish a baseline for future surve ... | 2000 | 10986879 |
| comparison of polymerase chain reaction and dot hybridization with enzyme-linked immunoassay, virological examination and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for the detection of porcine rotavirus in faecal specimens. | the purpose of this study was the evaluation of rt-pcr (reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction) technique and dot blot hybridization with pcr-generated probe for the detection of group a rotavirus in faecal samples derived from diarrhoeal piglets. they were compared with virological examination (isolation of the virus), polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page) and elisa. the specificity and sensitivity of each assay was assessed against a 'gold standard' which was created on the basis ... | 1999 | 10605372 |
| serotypes and subgroups of rotavirus isolated from children in central brazil. | group a rotavirus, obtained from children of goiânia, brazil, during 1987-1994, were analyzed for subgroup and g serotype by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with monoclonal antibodies. the index of serotyping obtained was 61.4% with the following proportions: g1--19.7%, g2--28.0%, g3--9.8%, g4--1.5%, and g5--2.3%. it was observed that g1 occurred from 1987 to 1989 and from 1993 to 1994, and g2 from 1990 to 1993. about 94% of the samples (85/90) could be subgrouped with the following results: 5 ... | 2000 | 11014769 |
| rotavirus electropherotypes from the kuala lumpur hospital: a re-examination after an interval of seven years. | the objective of this study was to ascertain the extent changes have occurred in the epidemiology of human rotavirus electropherotypes from the same location 7 to 8 years after an earlier study. genomic rna profiles of rotaviruses from diarrhoeic children admitted to the kuala lumpur hospital from april to december 1996 were determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and silver staining. a total of 179 group a rotaviruses were detected from 870 children: 175 with legible staining of all rn ... | 1998 | 10879260 |
| emerging group-a rotavirus and a nosocomial outbreak of diarrhoea. | a p[6]g9 group-a rotavirus caused a protracted hospital outbreak of neonatal diarrhoea in the netherlands. the outbreak lasted 5 months with 52 cases and an average attack rate of 40%, 46 cases were in an incubator section for neonates under 1 month of age. rotavirus p161g9 was detected by rt-pcr in stool samples from the 31 cases tested. emergence of this genotype in europe may have implications for neonates lacking protective maternal antibodies and for the development of rotavirus vaccines. | 2000 | 11030297 |
| haemophagocytic syndrome associated with infections. | haemophagocytic syndromes (hs) are the clinical manifestation of an increased macrophagic activity with haemophagocytosis. pathophysiology is related to a deregulation of t-lymphocytes and excessive production of cytokines. the main clinicobiological features are fever, hepatosplenomegaly, adenopathies, skin rash, neurological features, cytopenias, hypertriglyceridaemia, hyperferritinaemia and coagulopathy. diagnosis is based on examination of the bone marrow which shows benign histiocytes activ ... | 2000 | 10942619 |
| molecular epidemiology of human group a rotavirus infections in the united kingdom between 1995 and 1998. | the g and p types of 2,912 rotavirus-positive fecal specimens collected from eight geographical areas of the united kingdom between 1995 and 1998 were determined by reverse transcription-pcr. although 15 different g-p combinations were identified, g1p[8], g2p[4], g3p[8], and g4p[8] strains constituted 95% of all the rotaviruses typed. other genotypes included g9p[6] and g9p[8], which were first identified in the united kingdom in 1995, or other uncommon g and/or p types of strains that may have ... | 2000 | 11101570 |
| effect of intragenic rearrangement and changes in the 3' consensus sequence on nsp1 expression and rotavirus replication. | the nonpolyadenylated mrnas of rotavirus are templates for the synthesis of protein and the segmented double-stranded rna (dsrna) genome. during serial passage of simian sa11 rotaviruses in cell culture, two variants emerged with gene 5 dsrnas containing large (1.1 and 0.5 kb) sequence duplications within the open reading frame (orf) for nsp1. due to the sequence rearrangements, both variants encoded only c-truncated forms of nsp1. comparison of these and other variants encoding defective nsp1 w ... | 2001 | 11160712 |
| foodborne outbreak of group a rotavirus gastroenteritis among college students--district of columbia, march-april 2000. | on march 31, student health services at a university in the district of columbia (dc) notified the dc health department that an increased number of students had become ill with acute gastroenteritis beginning march 29. some ill students reported eating tuna or chicken salad sandwiches from dining hall a on campus. on march 31, the dc health department initiated an outbreak investigation. this report summarizes results of the investigation, which indicated that group a rotavirus transmitted by fo ... | 2000 | 11190116 |
| food supplementation with milk fermented by lactobacillus casei dn-114 001 protects suckling rats from rotavirus-associated diarrhea. | group a rotavirus is the leading cause of diarrhea among children aged 3-36 mo worldwide. introducing fermented milk products into the infant diet has been proposed for the prevention or treatment of rotavirus diarrhea. the preventive effect of milk fermented by the lactobacillus casei strain dn-114 001 was studied in a model of germfree suckling rats supplemented daily from d 2 of life and infected with sa11 rotavirus at d 5 (rf group). one group was supplemented with nonfermented milk (rm) and ... | 2001 | 11208946 |
| genomic diversity of group a rotavirus rna from children with acute diarrhoea in chennai, south india. | group a rotavirus was identified in 51 of 245 (20.8%) cases with acute diarrhoea in chennai analysed between december 1997 and march 1999. forty eight of the 51 specimens were subgrouped and serotyped. a total of 110 rotavirus positive specimens (inclusive of 62 rotavirus positive cases reported earlier) were analysed for their subgroup (sg) specificity and genomic profiles. sgi and sgii specificity were detected in 60 per cent and 20 per cent of the cases studied. twenty two cases showed dual s ... | 2000 | 10824467 |
| new p serotype of group a human rotavirus closely related to that of a porcine rotavirus. | the vp7 and vp4 genes of two human group a rotavirus strains mc323 and mc345 with unique serologic and genomic properties, and isolated in chiang mai, thailand, in 1989 [urasawa et al. (1992) journal of infectious diseases 166:227-234] were further characterized. the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the vp7 genes allowed the classification of both strains as serotype g9. the vp4 genes of both strains are 2,359 nucleotides in length and encode a protein of 775 amino acids like in mo ... | 2000 | 10568765 |
| sequence analysis of vp4 and vp7 genes of nontypeable strains identifies a new pair of outer capsid proteins representing novel p and g genotypes in bovine rotaviruses. | during a limited epidemiological study, the serotype specificities of several isolates of bovine rotavirus, exhibiting identical electropherotypes, from a single cattle farm near bangalore, india, could not be determined using a panel of serotyping monoclonal antibodies (mabs) specific for g serotypes 1-6 and 10. to determine the genotypes of these isolates, the nucleotide sequences of the genes encoding the outer capsid proteins vp4 and vp7 of two representative isolates, hg18 and hg23, were de ... | 2000 | 11021999 |
| sialic acid dependence and independence of group a rotaviruses. | we have found (1), in contrast to previous reports, the human rotavirus wa strain is sialic acid-dependent for binding to and infectivity of ma-104 cells and (2), a dual carbohydrate binding specificity is associated with both human wa and porcine osu rotaviruses. one carbohydrate binding activity is associated with triple-layered virus particles (tlp) and the other with double-layered virus particles (dlp). in binding and infectivity studies, we found that gangliosides were the most potent inhi ... | 1999 | 10659372 |
| comparative sequence analysis of the vp7 genes of g6, g8 and g10 bovine group a rotarviruses and further characterization of g6 subtypes. | we previously reported the relatively high prevalence (15%) of bovine g6 subtypes (g6s) in the field using rt-pcr and restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis (chang et al., arch. virol. 141: 1727-39). in the present study, we report the nucleotide and antigenic characterization of a g6s strain (c-8336). we also sequenced the vp7 genes of four additional bovine rotavirus (brv) strains: another g6s (mc27), g6 (ind), g8 (c-8008) and g10 (2292b) and compared these with other bovine ... | 2000 | 10893151 |
| circulation of group a rotavirus subgroups and serotypes in pune, india, 1990-1997. | group a rotavirus-positive stool specimens, collected from 432 hospitalized patients of all age groups with diarrhoea during 1990-1997 from pune, india, were characterized for subgroups (sgs) and g serotypes (1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, and 10). elisa for subgrouping was carried out by employing subgroup i and ii-specific monoclonal antibodies (mabs). for serotyping, mabs against g1 (ku), g2 (s2), g3 (yo), and g4 (st-3) were used. in addition, mabs against g3 (rv-3), g8 (b37), g6 (bovine u.k.), and g10 (b ... | 2000 | 11262770 |
| from the centers for disease control and prevention. foodborne outbreak of group a rotavirus gastroenteritis among college students--district of columbia, march-april 2000. | | 2001 | 11263404 |
| evaluation of two current generation enzyme immunoassays and an improved isolation-based assay for the rapid detection and isolation of rotavirus from stool. | rapid and accurate rotavirus testing is important in decisions involving patient care and management. quality assurance testing needs to be periodically performed, especially among widely used assays having a direct impact on patient care. | 2001 | 11255094 |
| complete nucleotide sequence of a group a avian rotavirus genome and a comparison with its counterparts of mammalian rotaviruses. | the nucleotide sequences encoding four structural proteins (vp1-4) and six nonstructural proteins (nsp1-6) of avian rotavirus po-13 were determined. based on the results of earlier sequencing studies [ito et al., 1995, sequence analysis of cdna for the vp6 protein of group a avian rota viruses. arch. vriol. 140, 605-612; rohwedder et al., 1997, chicken rotavirus ch-1 shows a second type of avian vp6 gene, virus genes 15, 65-71; rohwedder et al., 1997, bovine rotavirus 993/83 shows a third subtyp ... | 2001 | 11325467 |
| rotavirus g and p genotypes in rural ghana. | an epidemiological study of rotavirus infection was conducted on specimens collected from patients with gastroenteritis and domiciled in the rural upper eastern region of ghana during 1998. fifty isolates, randomly selected from 165 human group a rotavirus-positive samples, were g and p characterized by a reverse transcription (rt)-pcr assay using a seminested multiplex method. rotaviruses of the g3 genotype were found to be the predominant strain (78%), followed by g2 (14%) and g1 (2%). mixed i ... | 2001 | 11326029 |
| evaluation of a latex agglutination kit (virogen rotatest) for detection of bovine rotavirus in fecal samples. | the performance of the virogen rotatest latex agglutination test (lat) was evaluated for detection of bovine rotavirus antigen. sixty-three fecal samples from diarrheic calves were collected from november 1999 to may 2000 and screened by lat, the rotazyme ii enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), and virus isolation (vi) followed by an anti-rotavirus fluorescent-antibody (fa) test to detect the presence of group a rotavirus antigen. of the 63 samples screened by vi-fa, 33 (58%) tested positi ... | 2001 | 11329446 |
| comparisons of nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of nsp4 genes of virulent and attenuated pairs of group a and c rotaviruses. | the nsp4 protein of rotavirus is a nonstructural glycoprotein and has a crucial function in virus morphogenesis during infection of host cells. it was recently reported that nsp4 may also function as a viral enterotoxin in the induction of rotavirus diarrhea by causing ca++ influx in the cytoplasm of the infected cells. we sequenced and analyzed two (wa and m strains) pairs of nsp4 genes of virulent (v) and attenuated (a) (after 30 to 40 passages in cell culture) human group a rotaviruses and a ... | 1999 | 10456791 |
| acute gastroenteritis associated with rotavirus in adults. | rotavirus (rv) is an important cause of acute infectious diarrhea in children all over the world. in adults, rv infection tends to be subclinical; however, outbreaks of gastroenteritis have been reported in emergency situations and in closed communities. the aim of this study was to characterize electrophoretically and antigenically the strains of rotavirus that caused acute gastroenteritis in adults and correlate them with the clinical manifestations. | 2001 | 11343816 |
| [viral agents related to diarrheic syndrome in kidney transplanted patients]. | the aim of this study was to report on the occurrence of conventional and emerging viral agents as well as their etiological link with diarrhea in kidney transplanted subjects from cordoba, argentina. a total of 42 stool samples were analysed. they were obtained from both ambulatory and hospitalized kidney transplanted patients with and without diarrhea after transplant. all patients were under immunosuppressive treatment with steroids, azatioprine and cyclosporine or tacrolimus. results reveale ... | 2001 | 11374141 |
| trypsin cleavage stabilizes the rotavirus vp4 spike. | trypsin enhances rotavirus infectivity by an unknown mechanism. to examine the structural basis of trypsin-enhanced infectivity in rotaviruses, sa11 4f triple-layered particles (tlps) grown in the absence (nontrypsinized rotavirus [ntr]) or presence (trypsinized rotavirus [tr]) of trypsin were characterized to determine the structure, the protein composition, and the infectivity of the particles before and after trypsin treatment. as expected, vp4 was not cleaved in ntr particles and was cleaved ... | 2001 | 11390607 |
| detection of group- and subgroup-specific antigens of bovine rotaviruses in bangladesh. | the study was carried out to detect group- and subgroup-specific antigens of bovine rotaviruses. stool specimens, collected from diarrhoeic calves of the savar dairy farm, bangladesh, were examined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, using group- and subgroup-specific monoclonal antibodies. thirty-three specimens showed specificity for group a rotavirus. while subgrouping, 21 group a-positive specimens showed subgroup i specificity. twelve specimens did not react with either of the subgroup ... | 1999 | 10897891 |
| winter seasonality and rotavirus diarrhoea in adults. | we investigated the aetiological role of group a rotavirus in adults with acute diarrhoea in a 4-year prospective study. of 683 patients with acute diarrhoea, 97 (14%) shed rotavirus as a sole agent, whereas six (5%) of 115 patients without diarrhoea shed rotavirus. half of patients with rotavirus diarrhoea required admission to hospital. unlike rotavirus diarrhoea in children, the occurrence of rotavirus-positive cases did not show a significant winter seasonality. rotavirus infection should be ... | 2001 | 11425422 |
| a study of infectious intestinal disease in england: risk factors associated with group a rotavirus in children. | to identify risk factors for infectious intestinal disease (iid) due to rotavirus group a in children aged under 16 years. | 2001 | 11293683 |
| rotavirus rna replication and gene expression. | rotavirus mrnas are capped but non-polyadenylated and serve as templates for both the synthesis of viral proteins and the segmented dsrna genome. viral proteins involved in rna replication include the rna polymerase (vp1), the core scaffold protein (vp2) and the non-structural rna-binding proteins (nsp2 and nsp5). vp2 enhances dsrna synthesis in vitro, possibly by forming platform structures on which vp1 functions. nsp2 octamers have ntpase and helix-destabilizing activity, and in conjunction wi ... | 2001 | 11444036 |
| group c rotavirus nsp4 induces diarrhea in neonatal mice. | nonstructural glycoprotein nsp4 of group a rotavirus induces diarrhea in neonatal mice by functioning as an enterotoxin. previously, our laboratory reported that the structural features of group a and group c rotavirus nsp4 proteins are well conserved despite a lack of sequence homology between group a and group c rotavirus nsp4 proteins [horie y, et al., arch virol (1997) 142: 1865-1872]. to test whether group c rotavirus nsp4 has an enterotoxigenic activity, we expressed in escherichia coli th ... | 2001 | 11402865 |
| a longitudinal study on enteropathogenic infections of livestock in trinidad. | a longitudinal study was conducted on selected livestock farms to determine the prevalence of enteropathogens in diarrhoeic and non-diarrhoeic animals. the enteropathogens assayed from faecal samples and rectal swabs were bacteria (escherichia coli, campylobacter spp. salmonella spp. and yersinia enterocolitica), parasites (coccidia, gastrointestinal nematodes and cryptosporidium spp.) and viruses (group a rotavirus and parvovirus). the prevalence of the enteropathogens in various animal species ... | 2001 | 11340494 |
| the epidemiology of acute viral gastroenteritis in hospitalized children in cordoba city, argentina: an insight of disease burden. | information concerning the disease burden of viral gastroenteritis has important implications for the use and monitoring the impact of public health policies. the present study, carried out in córdoba city, argentina, documents the epidemiology of severe viral diarrhea as well as the burden of viral gastrointestinal disease in the hospital children admission. a total of 133 stools were collected from hospitalized children (town childhood hospital) suffering from acute diarrhea and studied for th ... | 2001 | 11557997 |
| gastroenteritis viruses: an overview. | acute gastroenteritis is among the most common illnesses of humankind, and its associated morbidity and mortality are greatest among those at the extremes of age, children and the elderly. in developing countries, gastroenteritis is a common cause of death in children < 5 years that can be linked to a wide variety of pathogens. in developed countries, while deaths from diarrhoea are less common, much illness leads to hospitalization or doctor visits. much of the gastroenteritis in children is ca ... | 2001 | 11444035 |
| evidence of bovine non-group a rotavirus in diarrhoeic neonatal calves in india. | | 2001 | 11594385 |
| molecular epidemiology of group a rotavirus causing acute diarrhea in infants and young children in rio de janeiro, brazil, 1997-1998. | during april, 1997, and february, 1998, an epidemiological survey of group a rotavirus strains causing acute diarrhea in infants and young children was conducted in hospital municipal jesus (rio de janeiro, d.c.) rotaviruses were detected in 18.6% of examined specimens. among the rotavirus strains tested for dsrna by page, 70% belonged to the long pattern and 30% the short pattern. a long pattern classified as ld was the most common electropherotype among all of the types. this same pattern had ... | 1999 | 11096435 |
| predominance of g3b and g14 equine group a rotaviruses of a single vp4 serotype in japan. | a total of 65 equine group a rotaviruses (gar) isolated from diarrheal foals at 48 farms in hokkaido, japan, between 1996 (29 isolates) and 1997 (36 isolates) were characterized for their vp7 and vp4 serotypes by pcr, nucleotide sequencing, and virus neutralization (vn) tests. by pcr vp7 typing, all isolates were classified as g3 or g 14, and the predominant serotype in each year was g3 (86%) in 1996 and g14 (53%) in 1997. vn tests with these 20 isolates randomly selected confirmed the specifici ... | 2001 | 11722016 |
| genotyping of group a rotavirus samples from brazilian children by probe hybridization. | the g genotyping of 74 group a rotavirus samples was done by rna-dna hybridization (dot-blot) using oligonucleotide probes for the vp7 gene region of the human rotavirus serotypes/genotypes 1, 2, 3 and 4. thirty-one samples could be genotyped by dot-blot showing the following results: g1 = 16, g4 = 6, g3 = 5, and g2 = 4. the data show circulation of genotypes g1-g4 and the predominance of g1. the knowledge of genotypes provides important information concerning rotavirus circulation in central br ... | 2001 | 11285457 |
| a lack of consistent amino acid substitutions in nsp4 between rotaviruses derived from diarrheal and asymptomatically-infected kittens. | nonstructural glycoprotein nsp4 of group a rotavirus has recently been shown to be a viral enterotoxin, inducing diarrhea in neonatal mice. literature is conflicting as to whether there is any consistent amino acid substitution between virulent (or symptomatic) and attenuated (or asymptomatic) rotavirus strains. we have sequenced and compared the nsp4 sequences derived from a total of 10 geographically- and serologically-related feline rotavirus strains from both diarrheal and asymptomatically-i ... | 2001 | 11293485 |
| new immunochromatographic method for rapid detection of rotaviruses in stool samples compared with standard enzyme immunoassay and latex agglutination techniques. | three different commercial immunologic tests for rapid detection of group a rotavirus (an immunochromatographic method, latex agglutination, and enzyme immunoassay) were used to evaluate 228 faecal specimens obtained from spanish children with acute gastroenteritis. after resolution of 30 (13.2%) discordant results by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for rotavirus, the statistical values of the enzyme immunoassay, latex agglutination, and immunochromatographic method were respecti ... | 2001 | 11757978 |
| first isolation of rotavirus associated with neonatal diarrhoea in guanacos (lama guanicoe) in the argentinean patagonia region. | group a rotavirus (rv) and coronavirus (cv) are common viral pathogens associated with neonatal diarrhoea in numerous animal species. the purpose of this work was to investigate the presence of these viral agents in two farm populations of captured guanacos (lama guanicoe) in the argentinean patagonia region, that developed severe diarrhoea outbreaks. stool and serum samples were analysed for rv and bovine cv antigen and antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. rotavirus was detected in faece ... | 2001 | 11765807 |
| atypical rotavirus identified from young children with diarrhoea in south africa. | the study was undertaken for antigenic characterization of rotavirus strains isolated from south african children. during july 1996-july 1997, an epidemiological surveillance of rotavirus-associated gastroenteritis was carried out in pretoria and gauteng provinces. in total, 1,229 diarrhoeal faecal samples were collected from a pathology laboratory. of 389 (32%) rotavirus strains detected, most (97%) were group a rotaviruses by serological assay. however, 12 rotavirus strains identified did not ... | 2001 | 11761774 |
| detection of group c rotavirus in children with acute gastroenteritis in blantyre, malawi. | among 606 children who were treated for acute gastroenteritis at the queen elizabeth central hospital in blantyre, malawi, group c rotavirus (gp c rv) was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in fecal specimens from 16 (3.9%) of 408 inpatients and in 4 (2.0%) of 198 outpatients. thirteen (65%) children excreting gp c rv were coinfected with group a rotavirus. | 2001 | 11734719 |
| genomic diversity of group a rotavirus strains infecting humans in eastern india. | between 1998 and 2000, a total of 266 samples were found positive for group a rotaviruses by rna electrophoresis. samples were collected from patients admitted to two leading hospitals in calcutta. serotyping could be done only with 22% of the positive samples, leaving 78% untypeable. the g (vp7 genotypes) and p (vp4 genotypes) types were determined for 159 samples by reverse transcription and multiplex pcr. the predominant genotype was g1p[8] (20%), followed by g2p[4] (15%) and g4p[8] (6%). a n ... | 2002 | 11773108 |
| nucleotide sequence analysis of rotavirus gene 11 from two tissue culture-adapted atcc strains, rrv and wa. | we report here nucleotide sequence and characterization of gene 11 from two tissue culture-adapted atcc rhesus (rrv) and human (wa) strains of rotavirus. gene 11 sequence encodes a nonstructural protein, nsp5 and also encodes nsp6, from an out of phase open reading frame. sequence of rrv(atcc) gene 11 represents the first report from a rhesus rotavirus which has more than 90% homology at the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence level with that of its closely related simian sa11 strain. the ... | 2001 | 11778700 |
| clinical severity of norwalk virus and sapporo virus gastroenteritis in children in hokkaido, japan. | to clarify the clinical significance and etiologic impact of norwalk virus (nv) and sapporo virus (sv) in viral gastroenteritis in japanese children. | 2001 | 11734762 |
| epidemiological aspects of rotavirus infections in minas gerais, brazil. | in order to develop good polices regarding public health measures and vaccine use to prevent rotavirus induced gastroenteritis, the epidemiology of the illness in various regions of brazil is necessary. accordingly, this study was to detect the frequency and types of rotavirus in one city in a tropical part of brazil. this is an epidemiological survey of pediatric gastroenteritis caused by rotavirus conducted in juiz de fora, minas gerais state, brazil. we analyzed 656 in-patient (190) and out-p ... | 2001 | 11712966 |
| identification of a neutralizing epitope on an 82-kda protein encoded by gene 3 of group c rotavirus. | a neutralizing monoclonal antibody (1a5) with hemagglutination inhibition activity was produced against a cultivable porcine group c rotavirus strain (strain amc-1) and used to identify and map the functional topography of the protein involved in viral neutralization. the 1a5 mab recognized an 82-kda protein from infected cells as well as an equivalent in vitro-translated protein programmed with gene 3 of the amc-1 strain. by employing a method called dna amplification-restricted transcription-t ... | 1995 | 11831719 |
| [evaluation of immunochromatography based rapid detection kit of rotavirus and adenovirus]. | we investigated the usefulness of rapidtesta rota-adeno (daiichi pure chemicals co., ltd., japan) for rapid detection of group a rotavirus and adenovirus simultaneously using immunochromatography with clinical samples. in investigation of the reaction of the kit to 5 strains of group a rotavirus, 13 strains of adenovirus and other intestinal viruses, specific lines were formed in red to group a rotavirus and blue to adenovirus. no cross reaction was observed with other intestinal virus. in measu ... | 2001 | 11806138 |
| rotavirus nsp5: mapping phosphorylation sites and kinase activation and viroplasm localization domains. | rotavirus nsp5 is a nonstructural protein that localizes in cytoplasmic viroplasms of infected cells. nsp5 interacts with nsp2 and undergoes a complex posttranslational hyperphosphorylation, generating species with reduced polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis mobility. this process has been suggested to be due in part to autophosphorylation. we developed an in vitro phosphorylation assay using as a substrate an in vitro-translated nsp5 deletion mutant that was phosphorylated by extracts from ma104 ... | 2002 | 11884570 |
| group a rotavirus infection and age-dependent diarrheal disease in rats: a new animal model to study the pathophysiology of rotavirus infection. | group a rotaviruses are major pathogens causing acute gastroenteritis in children and animals. to determine if group a rotavirus replicates and induces disease in rats, antibody-negative lewis neonatal or adult rats were inoculated orally with tissue culture-adapted human (wa, wi61, and hal1166), simian (rhesus rotavirus [rrv] and sa11), bovine (wc3), lapine (ala), or porcine (osu) rotavirus strains, wild-type murine (ec(wt)) rotavirus strain, or phosphate-buffered saline (pbs). rotavirus infect ... | 2002 | 11739670 |
| surveillance for rotavirus in argentina. | group a rotaviruses are the major cause of severe gastroenteritis in young children worldwide. because rotavirus vaccination appeared imminent, a nationwide surveillance program was organized between october 1996 and october 1998 in the largest argentine cities. surveillance for disease burden, rotavirus detection, and rotavirus typing was undertaken at nine locations. results showed rotavirus to be associated with 42% of diarrhea admissions. although the prevalent g types changed from year to y ... | 2001 | 11505463 |
| serotypic characterization of group a rotaviruses associated with children's diarrhea in slovakia. | a total of 368 rotavirus rna-positive (page) stool samples collected continually during 1992-95 from infants and young children under five years of age hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis were serotyped using an enzyme immunoassay with vp7-specific monoclonal antibodies (elisa with mabs) for serotypes g1-g4. the serotype was identified in 106 stool samples (29%). comparison of electropherotype and serotype profile in individual samples did not show any remarkable correlation. the members of ... | 2000 | 11271830 |
| detection and characterization of rotaviruses in hospitalized neonates in blantyre, malawi. | in five separate fecal collections spanning three years, group a rotaviruses were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 35 (25%) of 142 specimens obtained from nondiarrheic, hospitalized neonates in blantyre, malawi. molecular characterization of each strain identified, for the first time in neonates, a short electropherotype, genotype p[6], g8 strain type, similar to the dominant, cocirculating community strain detected in symptomatic infants in blantyre. partial sequence analysis of ... | 2002 | 11923390 |
| great diversity of group a rotavirus strains and high prevalence of mixed rotavirus infections in india. | we previously observed a marked diversity of rotavirus strains and a high prevalence of the uncommon serotype g9 in a small survey of rotavirus strains collected from six centers in india. in the present study, we characterized a larger collection of strains from children hospitalized with severe diarrhea in seven indian cities between 1996 and 1998. a total of 287 strains were g and p genotyped by reverse transcription-pcr, and some were further characterized by electropherotyping and subgroupi ... | 2001 | 11574567 |
| genetic analysis of group a rotaviruses: evidence for interspecies transmission of rotavirus genes. | rotaviruses are the major cause of severe gastroenteritis in young children and animals. the rotavirus genome is composed of eleven segments of double-stranded rna and can undergo genetic reassortment during mixed infections, leading to progeny viruses with novel or atypical phenotypes. there are numerous descriptions of rotavirus strains isolated from human and animals that share genetic and antigenic features of viruses from heterologous species. in many cases, genetic analysis by hybridizatio ... | 2002 | 11928984 |
| changes in the prevalence of rotavirus g and p types in diarrheic calves from the kagoshima prefecture in japan. | g8 bovine group a rotavirus was the most predominant serotype in calf diarrheal fecal specimens examined between 1995 and 1996 in japan [vet. microbiol. 66 (1999) 301]. to date, no evidence that g8 was the most predominant in the typeable specimens has been observed outside japan. to investigate whether g8 continues to be as common as g6 and g10, the incidence of the main serotypes was determined in the same area (kagoshima prefecture) between 1997 and 1998 by reverse transcription-polymerase ch ... | 2002 | 11955784 |
| rna-binding activity of the rotavirus phosphoprotein nsp5 includes affinity for double-stranded rna. | phosphoprotein nsp5 is a component of replication intermediates that catalyze the synthesis of the segmented double-stranded rna (dsrna) rotavirus genome. to study the role of the protein in viral replication, his-tagged nsp5 was expressed in bacteria and purified by affinity chromatography. in vitro phosphorylation assays showed that nsp5 alone contains minimal autokinase activity but undergoes hyperphosphorylation when combined with the ntpase and helix-destabilizing protein nsp2. hence, nsp2 ... | 2002 | 11967345 |