| enteric adenovirus type 40:e1b transcription map and identification of novel e1a-e1b cotranscripts in lytically infected cells. | adenovirus 40 (ad40) is defective for growth in tissue culture but is complemented when the ad2/5 or ad12 e1b 55k protein is supplied in trans. ad40 e1b mrna has not been detected in e1-transformed cells, or at early times in lytically infected cells. in cells constitutively expressing the e1b region of ad2, ad40 e1b mrnas are detected at late times in infection, after the onset of dna replication. we have determined the ad40 e1b transcription map from rna produced at late times in infected kb16 ... | 1991 | 1825250 |
| fastidious human adenovirus type 40 can propagate efficiently and produce plaques on a human cell line, a549, derived from lung carcinoma. | human adenovirus type 40 (ad40) cannot propagate in conventional established human cell lines such as kb or hela cells. however, it has been shown that ad40 dna replicates in kb18 cells which express ad2 e1b genes, suggesting that ad40 is defective in the e1b gene function in kb or hela cells. we show here that ad40 can propagate and produce plaques on a549 cells which do not contain ad e1b genes. our experiments show that the levels of replication of ad40 dna and production of infectious ad40 v ... | 1991 | 1826748 |
| enteric adenovirus type 40: complementation of the e4 defect in ad2 dl808. | the enteric adenovirus type 40 cannot be passaged in hela cells, but will grow productively in cells that express the e1b region of adenovirus types 2 or 5. even in such permissive cells, the lytic cycle is prolonged, there is an abnormal pattern of e1b early gene expression and a failure to switch off host cell functions, suggesting that other gene functions might be impaired in ad40. for ad2, e4 orf 6 and orf 3 proteins are known to have an essential role in progressing from the early to the l ... | 1991 | 1828921 |
| enteric adenoviruses. | human adenoviruses are classified into 47 serotypes and six subgenera (a-f) with different tropisms. in recent years adenovirus type 40 (ad40) and 41 (ad41) of subgenus f have been shown to be causative agents in enteric infections, which is second in importance only to rotaviruses as a cause of infantile gastroenteritis. infection with eads occurs worldwide and has been associated with 4-17% of cases of diarrhoea in children. ad40 and ad41 primarily affect young children less than 2 years of ag ... | 1990 | 1962727 |
| adenovirus transformed monkey cell lines permissive to enteric adenovirus type 40. | plasmids containing the e1 regions of adenovirus serotypes 3 and 5 were transfected into primary rhesus monkey kidney cells. the presence of viral dna sequences was detected in transformed cell lines. all these cell lines expressed the e1a proteins. in addition, ad5 transformed cells, have the e1b 21 kda protein located in the nuclear membrane. these cell lines were permissive to the enteric adenovirus serotype 40 but not to serotype 41. | 1990 | 2143509 |
| enteric adenovirus type 40: expression of e1b mrna and proteins in permissive and nonpermissive cells. | the enteric adenovirus type 40 (strain dugan) grows well in tissue culture only when the e1b 55k protein of ad5 or ad12 is supplied in trans, either constitutively expressed in an established cell line or by coinfection with an appropriate helper virus (v. mautner, n. mackay, and v. steinthorsdottir, 1989, virology 171, 619-622). the synthesis of ad40 e1b mrnas and proteins has been examined under permissive and nonpermissive conditions: at late times postinfection in permissive cells, e1b-speci ... | 1990 | 2145689 |
| prevalent enteric adenovirus variant not detected by commercial monoclonal antibody enzyme immunoassay. | a commercial monoclonal antibody enzyme immunoassay for the detection of enteric adenovirus type 40 and 41 (ad40 and ad41) in stool specimens was evaluated. twenty-one stool specimens from children with gastroenteritis, with adenovirus particles visible by electron microscopy, and reference strains ad40 dugan and ad41 tak were tested by ad40- and ad41-specific and adenovirus group-reactive immunoassays. all stool specimens tested positive in the group-reactive immunoassay. however, only six spec ... | 1990 | 2177753 |
| fiber sequence heterogeneity in subgroup f adenoviruses. | the fiber gene of adenovirus type 41 was sequenced and compared to the fiber gene sequence of adenovirus type 40 (a. h. kidd and m. j. erasmus, 1989, virology 172, 134-144), the other known member of subgroup f. the open reading frame, from map units 87 through 92 with transcription from the r-strand, comprised 1686 bases and was 45 bases longer than its counterpart on the ad40 genome. the 45-base difference appears to have resulted from a block deletion on the ad40 sequence. apart from this one ... | 1990 | 2219717 |
| polymerase chain reaction for detection of adenoviruses in stool samples. | the usefulness of the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method for diagnosing adenovirus infections was investigated. several primers, including primers specific for the hexon-coding region and for enteric adenovirus types 40 and 41, were evaluated. the pcr method was validated against cell culturing in routine diagnostic work and against restriction enzyme analysis of viral dna. sixty diagnostic specimens were selected for evaluation by the pcr method. twenty of the 60 specimens were found positi ... | 1990 | 2279998 |
| restriction enzyme analysis of faecal adenoviruses in newcastle upon tyne. | adenovirus dna was isolated directly from virus-containing stools and digested with restriction endonucleases. the resulting fragments were separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page) and visualized by silver staining. this enabled us to assign most of the viruses detected to subgenus, serotype and, sometimes, unique strains. although less sensitive than electron microscopy, the method allowed more information about the infecting virus to be obtained and no cultivation was necessary. ... | 1988 | 2460364 |
| the adenovirus type 40 hexon: sequence, predicted structure and relationship to other adenovirus hexons. | the gene encoding the major capsid protein (hexon) of human adenovirus type 40 (ad40) has been isolated and sequenced. comparison of the predicted amino acid sequence of the ad40 hexon with the corresponding polypeptide of the human enteric adenovirus, ad41, reveals an overall identity of 88%. the majority of the changes in sequence are located in two areas, amino acids 131 to 287 and 390 to 425. regions in the hexon protein that vary between ad40 and ad41 (subgroup f) were the same regions that ... | 1989 | 2481711 |
| complementation of enteric adenovirus type 40 for lytic growth in tissue culture by e1b 55k function of adenovirus types 5 and 12. | the enteric adenovirus type 40 strain dugan (ad40) cannot be passaged in hela cells, but will grow in 293 cells, which express ad5 e1 functions. to determine the reason for this limited host range, kb cell lines expressing ad2 e1a, e1b, or e1a + e1b (l. e. babiss, c. s. h. young, p. b. fisher, and h. s. ginsberg, 1983, j. virol. 46, 454-465) have been tested for their ability to support ad40 replication. only cell lines which supply e1b functions, but not those expressing e1a alone, are permissi ... | 1989 | 2527440 |
| evaluation of a commercial monoclonal antibody-based enzyme immunoassay for detection of adenovirus types 40 and 41 in stool specimens. | a commercial monoclonal antibody-based enzyme immunoassay (adenoscreen; mercia diagnostics ltd., guildford, united kingdom) for the detection of adenovirus types 40 and 41 in stool specimens was evaluated. two assay modes were tested. in the first, 177 stool samples were screened for the presence of adenovirus type 40 or 41 (assay mode 1). virus was detected in 79 of 82 specimens positive for adenovirus type 40 or 41 by a polyclonal antibody-based immune electron microscope test, giving a sensit ... | 1989 | 2546968 |
| development and evaluation of monoclonal antibody-based immune electron microscopy for diagnosis of adenovirus types 40 and 41. | immune electron microscopy based on monoclonal antibodies was developed and evaluated for diagnosis of adenovirus type 40 and adenovirus type 41 directly from clinical specimens. one adenovirus type 40 monoclonal (5-8) and one adenovirus type 41 monoclonal (5-15) were found to react to high titre with homotypic but not heterotypic antigen. these monoclonals were tested on a coded batch of 20 stools which contained adenovirus type 40 or adenovirus type 41. the results showed that 5/6 adenovirus t ... | 1989 | 2584348 |
| characterization of fastidious adenovirus types 40 and 41 by dna restriction enzyme analysis and by neutralizing monoclonal antibodies. | the dna of 48 strains of adenovirus type 40 (ad40) and of 128 strains of adenovirus type 41 (ad41), isolated between 1971 and 1986 from various countries, was characterized by restriction enzyme analysis using nine and ten restriction endonucleases respectively. five new dna variants of ad40 and 18 new dna variants of ad41 were detected. most of the restriction sites which differed among the various dna variants appeared to be distributed at random over the entire length of the viral genomes of ... | 1989 | 2705331 |
| sequence characterization of the adenovirus 40 fiber gene. | the fiber gene of human adenovirus type 40 has been characterized. the 6.1-kbp ecori fragment c of the ad40 genome, from map units 74 through 92, was cloned and the right-most 2.8 kbp from 84 map units was sequenced. by analogy with ad2, this region would be expected to contain the gene specifying the ad40 fiber polypeptide. sequencing revealed an open reading frame of 1641 bases on the r-strand, the first 53 bases of which had marked homology with the corresponding l5 (fiber) regions of ad2 (77 ... | 1989 | 2773314 |
| dna hybridization for diagnosis of enteric adenovirus infection from directly spotted human fecal specimens. | by using a genomic probe, dna hybridization for adenovirus type 41 (ad41) showed equivalent sensitivity with a direct spot method from clinical specimens compared with a more laborious dna phenol extraction procedure. by using this direct spot preparation method, fecal specimens of 67 patients were examined under code for blind testing for the presence of adenovirus by dna hybridization by using two ad41 probes (genomic and cloned bglii-d) and an adenovirus type 2 genomic probe. identical result ... | 1987 | 2822761 |
| characterization of adenovirus type 40 e1 region. | the left-most 3.9 kb of adenovirus type 40 (ad40) dna has been sequenced using cloned viral dna fragments. the ad40 e1 region is deduced to code for at least four polypeptides, 221 and 249 amino acids as e1a products in addition to 166 and 475 amino acids as e1b products. e1b polypeptides share about 50% homology with well-defined adenovirus types, 2/5, 7, and 12, throughout the e1b sequences. e1a homology of ad40 to these types is relatively lower than that of e1b, while highly conserved region ... | 1988 | 2968714 |
| specific detection and typing of adenovirus types 40 and 41 in stool specimens by dot-blot hybridization. | a dot-blot hybridization test was developed which allowed the direct detection of fastidious enteric adenovirus dna in stool specimens from children with diarrhea and simultaneous typing of the viruses as adenovirus type 40 (ad40) or ad41. cloned psti fragments of ad40 and ad41 were used as 32p-labeled probes in the test, which allowed detection of picogram quantities of viral dna in 20 to 40 microliter of stool suspension. results were obtained within 48 h. the type specificity of the test was ... | 1985 | 2999189 |
| studies on fastidious adenoviruses in ontario: a distinct strain associated with gastroenteritis. | from 100 cases of gastroenteritis among children caused by adenovirus infection in ontario, 33 virus isolates were divided into three categories according to their biological behavior in tissue cultures. so far, the results of neutralization tests, structural protein analysis, and dna restriction patterns showed that the virus of category 1 was similar to adenovirus type 40. however, the adenovirus of category 2 was a distinct adenovirus which shared some similarities with adenovirus type 5. vir ... | 1986 | 3009537 |
| detection of adenovirus types 40 and 41 in stool specimens by immune electron microscopy. | an immune electron microscope (iem) test was developed that allowed the direct detection of adenovirus type 40 (ad 40) or ad 41 in stools specimens. the polyclonal rabbit antisera used differentiated ad 40 and 41 from other ad serotypes but not from each other. the method was evaluated in a 13 month prospective study of stools from children with gastroenteritis. seventy-two specimens found to contain ad by conventional electron microscope screening were retested by iem. results were typically ob ... | 1987 | 3029322 |
| antigen detection with monoclonal antibodies for the diagnosis of adenovirus gastroenteritis. | a monoclonal antibody-based enzyme immunoassay (eia) was developed for direct detection of enteric adenoviruses in stool specimens from individuals with gastroenteritis. tests specific for each of the enteric adenoviruses, adenovirus type 40 (ad 40) and type 41 (ad 41), were designed. the sensitivity of the assay was determined by comparing the results of the eia with isolation of virus in graham 293 cells from stools that contained particles having adenovirus morphology. the standard for specif ... | 1987 | 3033091 |
| genome variants of human adenovirus types 40 and 41 (subgroup f) in japan. | nineteen strains of fecal adenovirus were typed as adenovirus type 40 (ad40) by restriction enzyme analysis of the dna, using smai. the dnas of the strains were further compared by digestion with four other enzymes, namely, hindiii, ecori, bgli, and bamhi. at least two different restriction profiles were found to exist for bamhi. of the 19 strains studied, 17 had the same combination of profiles for all of the enzymes. thirteen strains of fecal adenovirus were typed as ad41 by restriction enzyme ... | 1988 | 3230135 |
| antibody response to enteric adenovirus types 40 and 41 in sera from people in various age groups. | a total of 322 single and paired serum samples from children (newborn to 10 years old), young adults (18 to 20 years old), pregnant women and their cord serum samples, and elderly people (more than 70 years old) was tested for antibodies to enteric adenovirus types 40 and 41 by neutralization test. serum samples were also tested for antibody to the common antigen of adenovirus by enzyme immunoassay. the incidence of antibodies rose gradually through childhood. antibodies were found in 20% of chi ... | 1987 | 3654940 |
| nucleotide sequence of the adenovirus type 40 inverted terminal repeat: close relation to that of adenovirus type 5. | human adenovirus type 40 (ad40) is a pathogen that causes acute infantile gastroenteritis. ad40 has the distinct characteristic of being difficult to propagate in conventional cultured human cells. the nucleotide sequence of the inverted terminal repeat (itr) of ad40, which includes the origin of adenoviral dna replication, was determined using recombinant plasmid dna. by using our newly developed program to express the itr homologies simply, we found that the itr of ad40, which is 163 nucleotid ... | 1987 | 3811242 |
| specific properties of two enteric adenovirus 41 clones mapped within early region 1a. | enteric adenovirus type 40 (ad40) and ad41 form the sixth subgenus of human adenoviruses. they are associated with infantile diarrhea but cannot be isolated in conventional cell cultures. the genome of the fastidious enteric ad41 has been cloned, and the cleavage sites of the genome produced by restriction endonucleases bamhi, ecori, hpai, nrui, pvui, and sali have been mapped. to develop useful hybridization methods for direct detection of adenoviruses, a restriction fragment library containing ... | 1985 | 3973975 |
| genome variants of human adenovirus 40 (subgroup f). | twenty-six strains of faecal adenovirus from three continents (two from europe, 16 from south africa, and eight from canada) were typed as ad40 by restriction enzyme analysis of the dna using sma i. the dna of the strains was further compared by digestion with six other enzymes, namely bam hi, eco ri, bgl i, xho i, sst i, and hind iii. at least two different restriction profiles were found to exist for each enzyme. nineteen of the 26 strains studied had the same combination of profiles for all t ... | 1984 | 6094722 |
| em study of fastidious adenovirus type 40 replication in vitro. | primary human embryo kidney cells and chang conjunctival cells were inoculated with fastidious enteric adenovirus type 40. mature virions were seen in the nuclei of infected chang cells, but not in human embryo kidney cells, indicating that at least a proportion of chang cells can support the entire replicative cycle. | 1984 | 6696637 |
| antibodies to e1b protein-derived peptides of enteric adenovirus type 40 are associated with celiac disease and dermatitis herpetiformis. | sera from 41 children with untreated celiac disease (cd), and 16 children with dermatitis herpetiformis (dh), and 57 matched controls were studied for serum antibodies to synthetic peptides derived from an early e1b protein of adenovirus type 12 and type 40 (ad12, ad40) and a-gliadin. in addition to peptides which share homology with a-gliadin, "nonhomologous" peptides derived from ad12 and ad40 e1b proteins were used as antigens in elisa. patients with cd and dh had significantly higher igg ant ... | 1993 | 7694817 |
| local succession of adenovirus strains in pediatric gastroenteritis. | assessment of the current incidence of different adenovirus types in local gastroenteritis involved the examination of over 1,000 stool specimens annually from 1988-1992. adenoviruses were detected by electron microscopy and/or cell culture in 32% of the specimens in which a viral pathogen was detected. the identification of every adenovirus isolate to type by neutralization with specific antisera against the first 6 types and by restriction analysis of nonneutralized isolates was started in 199 ... | 1995 | 7775957 |
| [isolation and identification of enteric adenovirus in china]. | enteric adenovirus type 40/41 is considered to be the second major cause of gastroenteritis in young children. in this study fecal specimens 86-123 from diarrhea patients were isolated and examined in grahm 293 cells. this induced cytopathic effect (cpe) at this cells. viral particles were also found in fecal specimens and by electron microscopy. examination of the isolate with cambridge biotech adenoclone-type 40/41 test kit indicated that it contained ead. on the basis of the above studies, on ... | 1995 | 7781122 |
| unusual splice sites in the e1a-e1b cotranscripts synthesized in adenovirus type 40-infected a549 cells. | the adenovirus e1 dna region consists of two transcription units, e1a and e1b. in this paper we report that the e1a-e1b cotranscripts containing sequences of both the e1a and e1b regions are synthesized during adenovirus type 40 (ad40) infection of a549 cells. cytoplasmic rna was isolated from ad40-infected a549 cells at 24, 72, and 100 h post infection (p.i.). the complementary (c) dna was synthesized by reverse transcription using an oligo-dt primer and then amplified by the polymerase chain r ... | 1994 | 7832644 |
| cell type specific regulation of expression from the ad40 e1b promoter in recombinant ad5/ad40 viruses. | the defective growth of the enteric adenovirus type 40 (ad40) in hela cells can only be overcome by supplying an e1b 55k function in trans, and it has been demonstrated that expression of ad40 e1b mrna is poor in these cells (v. mautner et al., 1990, virology 171, 618-622). to study the control of expression from the ad40 e1b region in greater detail, two ad5/ad40 recombinant viruses were constructed containing the ad40 e1b region in place of the equivalent ad5 region, under either the control o ... | 1994 | 8030234 |
| detection of hepatitis a virus in environmental samples by antigen-capture pcr. | the efficacy of the antigen-capture pcr (ac-pcr) method for the detection of hepatitis a virus (hav) in environmental samples was demonstrated. hav was captured from a seeded liquid waste or a shellfish sample with homologous antibody and then heat denatured and subjected to reverse transcription and the pcr, all in the same tube. subsequently, the ac-pcr products were analyzed by oligonucleotide probe hybridization in solution, agarose gel electrophoresis, and autoradiography. the ac-pcr detect ... | 1994 | 8031088 |
| identification of adenoviruses in faeces from patients with diarrhoea at the hospitals for sick children, london, 1989-1992. | faecal samples from 137 patients that had been shown to contain adenoviruses by electron microscopy were identified in a series of enzyme immunoassays (eia) using a single monoclonal antibody (mab) to adenovirus 40 and four different mabs to adenovirus 41. adenoviruses were partially characterised by restriction enzyme analysis (rea) of dna extracts using smai. samples were also run in a commercial eia (adenovirus ideia; dako, ltd.) which detects group antigen. the majority (84%) of adenoviruses ... | 1994 | 8083654 |
| the dna sequence of adenovirus type 40. | the 34,214 bp dna sequence of adenovirus type 40 strain dugan was determined directly from random fragments of virion dna cloned into a bacteriophage m13 cloning vector. the gene layout is similar to that of other human adenoviruses, and in addition contains two potential protein-coding regions that are conserved, but have not been recognized previously, in other adenovirus genomes. one is oriented rightward, contained within the intron in the protein-coding region for the l4 33k gene, and would ... | 1993 | 8263936 |
| adenovirus type 40 and 41 growth in vitro: host range diversity reflected by differences in patterns of dna replication. | subgroup f adenoviruses adapt poorly to cell culture, but the reasons for their fastidious nature are as yet ill defined. in an attempt to gain an overview of the differences in replication between adenovirus type 2 (ad2) and representative strains of ad40 and ad41, cell lines which show different degrees of permissiveness to ad40 and ad41 were infected and examined with respect to three key functions in the ad2 life cycle: host protein shutoff, dna synthesis, and late antigen synthesis. the com ... | 1994 | 8289359 |
| enteric adenovirus infection among infants with diarrhea in rural bangladesh. | a total of 4,409 stool specimens from infants less than 5 years of age seeking treatment for diarrhea in matlab, bangladesh, were tested for the presence of adenoviruses by using an enzyme immunoassay (eia). eia-positive stool samples were serotyped with monoclonal antibodies specific for adenovirus type 40 (ad40) and ad41 and group antigen, inoculated into graham g293 cells, and retested by eia. of adenovirus-positive cultures, 125 (2.8%) specimens were confirmed as enteric adenoviruses (eads), ... | 1993 | 8458940 |
| enteric adenovirus type 40: expression of e1b proteins in vitro and in vivo. | the genes encoding the enteric adenovirus type 40 e1b proteins designated 19k, 55k, and 15k (55k related) have been cloned into the pet3a expression vector and synthesized by in vitro transcription and translation and by in vivo expression after induction in bacteria. the 19k product expressed in bacteria is recognized by anti-peptide sera specific for the c-terminal region of the open reading frame and has the same m(r) as 19k protein immunoprecipitated from virus-infected cells. the 55k protei ... | 1993 | 8460479 |
| adenovirus type 40 virions contain two distinct fibers. | human subgroup f adenoviruses, types 40 and 41, have two genes that could specify different fiber proteins, a long fiber with 21 or 22 pseudorepeat motifs in the shaft, and a short fiber with 12 motifs. we show that for adenovirus type 40, both proteins are expressed from separate late regions of the genome. they are incorporated into the virion with only one fiber per penton base, unlike avian adenoviruses which have two fibers extending from each penton. comparison of known adenovirus fiber se ... | 1993 | 8517033 |
| characterization of the haemorrhagic enteritis virus genome and the sequence of the putative penton base and core protein genes. | haemorrhagic enteritis virus (hev) is a member of a genetically ill-defined group within the genus aviadenovirus which causes significant clinical disease in gallinaceous fowl. using dna obtained from a low virulence isolate of hev passed in turkeys, we developed a genomic restriction map and estimated an apparent genomic length of 25.5 kb. no evidence for extensive dna hybridization was found between the hev genome and either the hexon or penton base genes of human adenovirus 2 (hadv-2) and fow ... | 1996 | 8601784 |
| chronic intestinal infection due to subgenus f type 40 adenovirus in a patient with aids. | a case of chronic intestinal infection due to adenovirus type 40 lasting for 13 months in a patient with aids is described. adenovirus particles were detected by electron microscopy in biopsy samples taken from the duodenum 3 months after the onset of diarrhoea. the virus was identified as adenovirus type 40 in stool samples by elisa monoclonal antibodies to adenovirus group antigen (mad-g2) and types 40 and 41 (ma 40-1 and ma 41-1). no other enteropathogens were found. these data support a caus ... | 1997 | 9255895 |
| prevalence of group a rotavirus, human calicivirus, astrovirus, and adenovirus type 40 and 41 infections among children with acute gastroenteritis in dijon, france. | group a rotaviruses, human caliciviruses, astroviruses, and adenovirus types 40 and 41 were detected by enzyme immunoassay or reverse transcription-pcr in 61, 14, 6, and 3% of stool specimens from 414 children consulting for gastroenteritis between 1995 and 1998. these data highlight the importance of caliciviruses in infantile gastroenteritis. among these, norwalk-like viruses belonging to genogroup ii were predominant. | 1999 | 10449507 |
| properties of the adenovirus type 40 e1b promoter that contribute to its low transcriptional activity. | the adenovirus type 5 (ad5) e1b promoter contains two elements essential for maximal activity, a tata box and a gc box. the enteric adenovirus type 40 (ad40) e1b promoter has a tata box sequence identical to that of ad5 and a gc box that fits the sp1 binding site consensus. nevertheless, ad40 e1b rna synthesis is severely impaired in hela cells, attributable in part at least to the weak transactivating activity of ad40 e1a. however, the responsiveness of ad40 early promoters to e1a transactivati ... | 1999 | 10603313 |
| relevance of commercial diagnostic tests to detection of enteric adenovirus infections in south africa. | the prevalence of enteric adenoviruses detected by an in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (the rivm-elisa) ranged from 13 to 38%, and subgroup f adenoviruses comprised 86%. all subgroup f adenoviruses reacted with both rivm anti-adenovirus type 40 (ad40) and anti-adenovirus type 41 (ad41) monoclonal antibodies but were not detected by adenoclone type 40/41 enzyme immunoassay (eia). the correlation between the biotrin eia and rivm-elisa results was low (26%). immunospecific tests suggest t ... | 2000 | 10747163 |
| [studies on epidemic feature of enteric adenoviruses infection in feces of infants with diarrhea in shenzhen]. | to estimate the enteric adenoviruses infection in feces of infants with diarrhea in shenzhen. | 2001 | 11860852 |
| identification of viral agents causing gastroenteritis among children in buenos aires, argentina. | gastroenteritis is one of the most common diseases affecting children and rotavirus is the major etiological agent worldwide. although the role of rotaviruses as a causal agent of gastroenteritis has been previously established in argentina, little is known about the frequency of other gastrointestinal viruses. | 2002 | 12367655 |
| inactivation of feline calicivirus and adenovirus type 40 by uv radiation. | little information regarding the effectiveness of uv radiation on the inactivation of caliciviruses and enteric adenoviruses is available. analysis of human calicivirus resistance to disinfectants is hampered by the lack of animal or cell culture methods that can determine the viruses' infectivity. the inactivation kinetics of enteric adenovirus type 40 (ad40), coliphage ms-2, and feline calicivirus (fcv), closely related to the human caliciviruses based on nucleic acid organization and capsid a ... | 2003 | 12514044 |
| chlorine inactivation of adenovirus type 40 and feline calicivirus. | ct values, the concentration of free chlorine multiplied by time of contact with virus, were determined for free-chlorine inactivation experiments carried out with chloroform-extracted (dispersed) and non-chloroform-extracted (aggregated) feline calicivirus (fcv), adenovirus type 40 (ad40), and polio virus type 1 (pv-1). experiments were carried out with high and low ph and temperature conditions. ct values were calculated directly from bench-scale free-chlorine inactivation experiments and from ... | 2003 | 12839771 |
| discrepancies in viral gastroenteritis diagnosis: an unusual dual reovirus-adenovirus infection case. | a variable rate of false-positive results may be observed with commercial assays for the detection of rotavirus and adenovirus antigen in stool specimens, depending on the quality of the reagents and the presence of potentially interfering substances in stool samples. | 2005 | 15572010 |
| chromatography paper strip sampling of enteric adenoviruses type 40 and 41 positive stool specimens. | the enteric subgroup f adenoviruses type 40 (ad40) and 41 (ad41) are the second most important cause of acute infantile gastroenteritis after rotaviruses. repeated community outbreaks have been associated with antigenic changes among the ad40 and ad41 strains due to host immune pressure. therefore large field epidemiological surveys and studies on the genetic variations in different isolates of ad40 and ad41 are important for disease control programs, the design of efficient diagnostic kits and ... | 2005 | 15705203 |
| inactivation of enteric adenovirus and feline calicivirus by chlorine dioxide. | chlorine dioxide (clo2) inactivation experiments were conducted with adenovirus type 40 (ad40) and feline calicivirus (fcv). experiments were carried out in buffered, disinfectant demand-free water under high- and low-ph and -temperature conditions. ct values (the concentration of clo2 multiplied by contact time with the virus) were calculated directly from bench-scale experiments and from application of the efficiency factor hom (efh) model. ad40 ct ranges for 4-log inactivation (ct99.99%) at 5 ... | 2005 | 15933007 |
| occurrence and correlations between coliphages and anthropogenic viruses in the massachusetts bay using enrichment and icc-npcr. | we evaluated a two-step enrichment procedure to detect coliphages and an integrated cell culture-nested polymerase chain reaction (icc-npcr) to detect human astrovirus, enteroviruses, rotavirus and adenovirus type 40 and 41 in marine water samples collected by the massachusetts water resource authority (mwra). mwra has been monitoring its receiving waters for coliphages, anthropogenic viruses and indicator bacteria in order to evaluate the impact of boston's deer island sewage treatment plant di ... | 2005 | 15952453 |
| inactivation of enteric adenovirus and feline calicivirus by ozone. | little information is available regarding the effectiveness of ozone on the inactivation of caliciviruses and enteric adenoviruses. inactivation experiments were conducted with feline calicivirus (fcv), closely related to the human caliciviruses based on nucleic acid organization and capsid architecture, and adenovirus type 40 (ad40). experiments were carried out in buffered disinfectant demand free water at ph 7 and 5 degrees c. ct values; concentration of ozone multiplied by contact time with ... | 2005 | 16061270 |
| rapid detection of norovirus from fecal specimens by real-time reverse transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay. | in this study, we developed a one-step, single-tube genogroup-specific reverse transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) assay for the detection of norovirus (nov) genomes targeting from the c terminus of the rna-dependent rna polymerase gene to the capsid n-terminal/shell domain region. this is the first report on the development of an rt-lamp assay for the detection of nov genomes. because of the diversity of nov genotypes, we used 9 and 13 specially designed primers conta ... | 2006 | 16597865 |
| detection of hepatitis a virus genotype ib variants in clams from maputo bay, mozambique. | clams provide an important source of food and income for the population of maputo, mozambique, where conditions of poor water supply and inadequate sanitation favor endemic infection with hepatitis a virus (hav). to determine the role of bivalves in an endemic area, clams gathered from maputo bay were bought from market and examined for hav. four batches, total 150 clams, were sampled over the year. rna extracted from individual digestive glands was assayed by nested rt-pcr and sequencing of hav ... | 2006 | 16721847 |
| assessing the risk of transmission of viral diseases in flooded areas: viral load of the river elbe in dresden during the flood of august 2002. | in order to assess the risk of transmission of viral diseases during floods, the viral burden in flooded areas of the city of dresden (germany) in august 2002 was investigated. water samples were collected from 9 sampling sites and tested for the presence of 11 enteric viral pathogens. as a control, water samples from the same sites were analyzed in seasonal intervals over the following year. a total of 36 samples were collected, 92% (33/36) being positive for at least one virus. adenovirus type ... | 2006 | 16926550 |
| improved growth of enteric adenovirus type 40 in a modified cell line that can no longer respond to interferon stimulation. | human enteric adenoviruses propagate poorly in conventional human cell lines used to grow other adenovirus serotypes. as human enteric adenoviruses have a defect in counteracting the cellular interferon (ifn) response in cell culture, to aid in growth of the virus, a 293-based cell line defective in its ability to respond to ifn was constructed. this cell line (293-sv5/v) constitutively expresses v-protein of the paramyxovirus simian virus 5, which degrades the signal transducer and activator of ... | 2007 | 17170438 |
| growth and purification of enteric adenovirus type 40. | the enteric adenoviruses of subgroup f (ad40 and ad41) pose some special problems of cultivation, as they cannot be readily passaged in many of the cell types used to propagate the more commonly used subgroup c serotypes (ad2 and ad5) and there is no standard plaque assay. methods to propagate ad40 in complementing cell lines and to evaluate infectivity and particle number are presented in this chapter. | 2007 | 17401170 |
| [improved replication of enteric adenovirus type 41 in hep2 cell line expressing e1b55k]. | adenovirus type 40 and 41 (ad40, ad41), which belong to human adenovirus subgroup f, are called fastidious adenoviruses due to their property of poor growth in cultured cell lines in vitro the effect of expression of exogenous e1b55k in hep2 on ad41 replication in this cell line was investigated. e1b55k gene was amplified by pcr with dna extracted from ad41-positive feces supernatant as template. eukaryotic expression plasmid (pcdna3) carrying e1b55k was constructed, purified, and transferred in ... | 2007 | 17894226 |
| enhanced uv inactivation of adenoviruses under polychromatic uv lamps. | adenovirus is recognized as the most uv-resistant waterborne pathogen of concern to public health microbiologists. the u.s. epa has stipulated that a uv fluence (dose) of 186 mj cm(-2) is required for 4-log inactivation credit in water treatment. however, all adenovirus inactivation data to date published in the peer-reviewed literature have been based on uv disinfection experiments using uv irradiation at 253.7 nm produced from a conventional low-pressure uv source. the work reported here prese ... | 2007 | 17933932 |
| development of a method for effective amplification of human adenovirus 40. | human adenovirus 40 (ad40) is an interesting candidate for vector construction because of its tropism for the gastrointestinal tract. although effective preparation of the vector is necessary for its in vivo application, amplification of ad40 has been very difficult. ad40 e1 deletion mutants were detected by pcr in the viral dna from ad40 dugan amplified by ad5 e1-expressing human embryonic kidney (293) cells and in ad40 dugan plaques observed with ad5 e1-expressing human retinoblastic cells. fo ... | 2010 | 20490608 |
| interferon treatment suppresses enteric adenovirus infection in a model gastrointestinal cell culture system. | exposure to interferon results in the rapid transcriptional induction of genes many of which function to create an antiviral environment in potential host cells. for the majority of adenoviruses, replication is unaffected by the actions of interferon. it has previously been shown using non-gastrointestinal cells that the species f human adenoviruses are sensitive to the action of interferon. here, we have developed an enterocyte-like cell culture model to re-evaluate this question, and determine ... | 2011 | 22158877 |
| prevalence of enteric pathogen-associated community gastroenteritis among kindergarten children in gaza. | gastroenteritis is considered as one of the leading causes of illness and death in children under 5 years age, especially in developing countries. it is one of the major public health problems among childhood in gaza strip, palestine. this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of enteric pathogen-associated community gastroenteritis among kindergarten children in gaza. a total of 150 stool samples were collected and investigated for parasitic, viral and bacterial pathogens at al azhar ... | 2014 | 25745477 |
| elution is a critical step for recovering human adenovirus 40 from tap water and surface water by cross-flow ultrafiltration. | this paper examines the recovery of the enteric adenovirus human adenovirus 40 (hadv 40) by cross-flow ultrafiltration and interprets recovery values in terms of physicochemical interactions of virions during sample concentration. prior to ultrafiltration, membranes were either blocked by exposure to calf serum (cs) or coated with a polyelectrolyte multilayer (pem). hadv 40 is a hydrophobic virus with a point of zero charge between ph 4.0 and ph 4.3. in accordance with predictions from the exten ... | 2016 | 27287319 |
| a single intraduodenal administration of human adenovirus 40 vaccine effectively prevents anaphylactic shock. | vaccine administration into the intestine is known to induce mucosal tolerance most efficiently. therefore, developing a delivery system that targets the intestinal mucosa is expected to improve the efficiency of immunosuppression. human enteric adenovirus serotype 40 (ad40)-based vectors have the advantage of targeting intestinal mucosa, making them prime candidates as mucosal vaccine carriers for immunosuppression. here, after both oral and intraduodenal administrations, the vector distributio ... | 2013 | 23885027 |
| [investigation of seven different rna viruses associated with gastroenteritis in children under five years old]. | viruses are the most frequently detected etiologic agents of gastroenteritis seen in small children. in addition to classical gastroenteritis viruses namely rotavirus, norovirus, adenovirus type 40/41, astrovirus and sapovirus, some novel picornaviruses (aichi virus, parechovirus, enterovirus) that have been identified in parallel to the developments in molecular diagnostic methods, thought to be associated with diarrhea in humans. however, the data are not enough to prove their actual roles in ... | 2014 | 24819261 |
| elimination of representative contaminant candidate list viruses, coxsackievirus, echovirus, hepatitis a virus, and norovirus, from water by coagulation processes. | we examined the removal of representative contaminant candidate list (ccl) viruses (coxsackievirus [cv] b5, echovirus type [ev] 11, and hepatitis a virus [hav] ib), recombinant norovirus virus-like particles (rnv-vlps), and murine norovirus (mnv) type 1 by coagulation. water samples were subjected to coagulation with polyaluminum chloride (pacl, basicity 1.5) followed by either settling or settling and filtration. together with our previously published results, the removal ratio order, as evalua ... | 2017 | 28011355 |
| adenovirus-associated health risks for recreational activities in a multi-use coastal watershed based on site-specific quantitative microbial risk assessment. | we used site-specific quantitative microbial risk assessment (qmra) to assess the probability of adenovirus illness for three groups of swimmers: adults with primary contact, children with primary contact, and secondary contact regardless of age. human enteroviruses and adenoviruses were monitored by qpcr in a multi-use watershed and adenovirus type 40/41 was detected in 11% of 73 samples, ranging from 147 to 4117 genomes per liter. enterovirus was detected only once (32 genomes per liter). seve ... | 2013 | 24045212 |
| decontamination of a drinking water pipeline system contaminated with adenovirus and escherichia coli utilizing peracetic acid and chlorine. | a contaminated drinking water distribution network can be responsible for major outbreaks of infections. in this study, two chemical decontaminants, peracetic acid (paa) and chlorine, were used to test how a laboratory-scale pipeline system can be cleaned after simultaneous contamination with human adenovirus 40 (adv40) and escherichia coli. in addition, the effect of the decontaminants on biofilms was followed as heterotrophic plate counts (hpc) and total cell counts (tcc). real-time quantitati ... | 2012 | 22960485 |
| high occurrence of hepatitis e virus in samples from wastewater treatment plants in switzerland and comparison with other enteric viruses. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is responsible for many enterically transmitted viral hepatitides around the world. it is currently one of the waterborne diseases of global concern. in industrialized countries, hev appears to be more common than previously thought, even if it is rarely virulent. in switzerland, seroprevalence studies revealed that hev is endemic, but no information was available on its environmental spread. the aim of this study was to investigate -using qpcr- the occurrence and concent ... | 2013 | 23866141 |
| concentration of enteric viruses from tap water using an anion exchange resin-based method. | detecting low concentrations of enteric viruses in water is needed for public health-related monitoring and control purposes. thus, there is a need for sensitive, rapid and cost effective enteric viral concentration methods compatible with downstream molecular detection. here, a virus concentration method based on adsorption of the virus to an anion exchange resin and direct isolation of nucleic acids is presented. ten liter samples of tap water spiked with different concentrations (10-10,000 tc ... | 2014 | 24911889 |
| label-free electrochemical detection of the human adenovirus 40/41 fiber gene. | a nanoporous silicon-based label-free dna biosensor was fabricated to monitor rapidly enteric adenovirus types 40 and 41, a leading cause of viral gastroenteritis in children. nanoporous silicon (nps) was formed by an anodic etching process in a mixture solution containing hydrofluoric acid and ethanol. the polypyrrole (ppy) film was directly electropolymerized on the nps substrate. twenty-five base pairs of probe dna (pdna), derived from the fiber gene, was electrochemically doped on the ppy-co ... | 2015 | 25765269 |
| development and evaluation of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for the detection of adenovirus 40 and 41. | human adenoviruses (hadvs) of subgroup f (enteric serotypes 40 and 41) display characteristic gut tropism, in vivo, fastidious growth characteristics in cell culture, and are estimated to be associated with 5-20% worldwide of acute gastroenteritis cases among infants and young children. adequate hadv gastroenteritis case management requires laboratory-based diagnosis. the present study aimed to the development and evaluation of a simple and cost-effective, one-step, single-tube adenovirus type 4 ... | 2015 | 25649029 |
| intravenous genetic mesothelin vaccine based on human adenovirus 40 inhibits growth and metastasis of pancreatic cancer. | high pancreatic cancer mortality and poor prognosis are caused by the difficulty for early diagnosis and extremely low rates of resection because of metastasis. mesothelin overexpression in pancreatic cancer is a remarkable biomarker for tumor progression, especially for invasion and metastasis. here, we generated a novel replication-defective recombinant adenovirus 40 (rad40), whose gene delivery properties are totally different from a conventional rad5. in this study, we have identified intrav ... | 2013 | 23233329 |
| efficient amplification of chimeric adenovirus 5/40s vectors carrying the short fiber protein of ad40 in suspension cell cultures. | the human adenovirus 40 (ad40) is a promising tool for gene therapy of intestinal diseases. since the production of ad40 in vitro is extremely inefficient, chimeric adenovirus 5/40s vectors carrying the ad40 short fiber on the ad5 capsid have been developed. however, ad5/40s productivity is low. we hypothesized that low productivity was a result of inefficient viral entry into producer cells during amplification. to this end, we have developed a production strategy based on using 211b cells (exp ... | 2012 | 22860056 |