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tick-borne pathogens of zoonotic and veterinary importance in nigerian cattle.ticks and tick-borne diseases undermine cattle fitness and productivity in the whole of sub-saharan africa, including nigeria. in this west african country, cattle are challenged by numerous tick species, especially during the wet season. consequently, several tbds are known to be endemic in nigerian cattle, including anaplasmosis, babesiosis, cowdriosis and theilerioris (by theileria mutans and theileria velifera). to date, all investigations on cattle tbds in nigeria have been based on cytolog ...201627090756
theileria parva genetic diversity and haemoparasite prevalence in cattle and wildlife in and around lake mburo national park in uganda.wildlife, especially cape buffalo (syncerus caffer), are thought to act as a reservoir for many of the important tick-borne pathogens of cattle. in this study, we have determined the prevalence of the most significant tick-borne haemoparasites in wildlife (buffalo, impala, eland and bushbuck) as well as in cattle grazing inside and neighbouring lake mburo national park (lmnp) in uganda. a high percentage of buffalo were carriers of theileria parva, theileria mutans, theileria velifera, theileria ...201120827491
application of a reverse line blot assay to the study of haemoparasites in cattle in uganda.recent advances in genomic technology have focused many veterinary researchers on the possibility of producing one multivalent recombinant vaccine against all the haemoparasites that infect cattle in the tropics. before such a vaccine is developed it is essential to define target cattle populations as well as the range of anti-pathogen vaccines required in order to control disease. to further this objective, we have evaluated a reverse line blot (rlb) assay, which simultaneously detects the prin ...200415064125
comments on "isolation of theileria taurotragi and theileria mutans from cattle in botswana" by m.g. binta, t. losho, b.a. allsopp, e.z. mushi, veterinary parasitology 77 (1998) 83-91. 200010622618
molecular phylogenetic studies on theileria parasites based on small subunit ribosomal rna gene sequences.classification of theileria parasites of south-east asian countries is still ambiguous due to the lack of basic studies, especially their molecular genetic information. in this study, we included 6 known species and 14 unclassified theileria parasite isolates: theileria annulata, theileria parva, theileria taurotragi, theileria sergenti, theileria buffeli, theileria types sable, theileria types a, b, b1, b2, c, d, e, f, g, g1, theileria type medan (indonesia), theileria type ipoh (malaysia) and ...199910392966
phylogenetic analysis of theileria and babesia equi in relation to the establishment of parasite populations within novel host species and the development of diagnostic tests.the divergence of parasites is important for maintenance within an established host and spread to novel host species. in this paper we have carried out phylogenetic analyses of theileria parasites isolated from different host species. this was performed with small subunit ribosomal rna sequences available in the data bases and a novel sequence amplified from theileria lestoquardi dna. similar phylogenetic studies were carried out with sequences representing the major merozoite/piroplasm surface ...19989763287
isolation of theileria taurotragi and theileria mutans from cattle in botswana.two theileria species demonstrated in peripheral giemsa-stained blood smears of sick cattle from various parts of botswana were subsequently identified as theileria mutans and t. taurotragi using dna hybridization and the polymerase chain reaction. initial screening for theileria species was done using microscopy, the indirect fluorescent antibody technique and the micro elisa test. the syndrome was characteristically that of high morbidity but low mortality and vague malaise. a low parasitaemia ...19989746278
theileria? taurotragi: a probable agent of bovine cerebral theileriosis.a case of bovine cerebral theileriosis was confirmed at autopsy on a farm where 4 animals out of 70 died. all were less than 2 years old and all showed nervous signs. serologically, no evidence was found of theileria mutans or the theileria parva group in young animals born on the farm. six out of 13 calves 6-9 months of age were, however, serologically positive for theileria? taurotragi and it was concluded this species was the probable cause of death of the 4 animals.19816801568
the isolation of theileria? taurotragi in south africa.in 3 out of 4 attempts strains of a theileria sp. of low virulence were isolated in the laboratory by feeding adult rhipicephalus appendiculatus collected from the field on susceptible cattle. one of the strains, previously identified as theileria? taurotragi (tzaneen), was found to be serologically cross reactive with the other 2 strains. it was concluded that t.? taurotragi is prevalent in south africa in those parts where the vector exists. infection was characterized by a transient fever and ...19816801567
the development of theileria=cytauxzoon taurotragi (martin and brocklesby, 1960) from eland in its tick vector rhipicephalus appendiculatus.the sexual cycle of theileria taurotragi was identified in the gut lumen of replete rhipicephalus appendiculatur nymphs maintained at 28 degrees c which had fed on eland with rising parasitaemias. macro- and micro-gametes developed from ring-form piroplasms within 24 h after repletion. the microgamonts were elongate with 2 or more lateral projections. the nuclei of the microgamonts divided into 4 and the microgamonts differentiated into 4 thread-like microgametes each with a central nucleus. rou ...19806775268
infection of mammalian cells with theileria species.experiments were carried out to determine the susceptibility of mammalian cells to infection with different species of theileria in vitro. sporozoites of theileria parva (parva), theileria parva (lawrencei) and theileria taurotragi were isolated from rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks by grinding infected ticks in medium, filtering the suspension and concentrating by centrifugation. the sporozoites were used in attempts to infect in vitro peripheral blood leucocytes harvested from 16 different m ...19836406967
rhipicephalus zambeziensis as a vector of bovine theileriae.rhipicephalus zambeziensis was shown experimentally to transmit theileria parva parva in cattle from nymph to adult and theileria parva lawrencei, theileria parva bovis and theileria taurotragi from larva to nymph and nymph to adult. in a single trial the tick failed to transmit theileria mutans. the tick is believed to be a vector of t. parva lawrencei in the field in zimbabwe.19836405516
relationships between cytauxzoon felis and african piroplasmids.a cat which had recovered from cytauxzoon felis infection following treatment with the anti-theilerial drug, parvaquone, showed an increase in piroplasm parasitemia after splenectomy and its blood was suitable for the preparation of antigen smears for the indirect fluorescent antibody test. high levels of antibodies were found in this cat after recovery, in two other cats sub-lethally infected with piroplasms and in sera of naturally infected bobcats. cats recovered from piroplasm infection died ...19873125663
theileria taurotragi in zambia.theileria sp. (bwengwa) of low virulence was isolated by feeding r. appendiculatus ticks collected from the field on a susceptible calf and subsequently transmitted between cattle by r. appendiculatus ticks- theileria sp. (bwengwa) was shown to be t. taurotragi on parasitological, clinical and serological grounds. t. taurotragi is the fourth theileria sp. shown to be present in zambia.19863092433
immunization of cattle against theileria parva bovis and their exposure to natural challenge.theileria parva bovis isolates were tested for their immunizing capacity under natural field challenge on willsbridge farm in the highveld of zimbabwe. fifteen susceptible sussex yearlings were immunized with the boleni stock and 15 with a mixture of three isolates from the farm, using tick-derived sporozoite stabilates. no chemoprophylaxis was used. a dose of 0.1 ml of stabilate appeared to be safe in preliminary laboratory experiments, but the reactions were severe in the sussex cattle and one ...19902125158
indigenous and crossbred cattle--a comparison of resistance to ticks and implications for their strategic control in zimbabwe.a comparison of the tick resistance of indigenous mashona and crossbred afrikander x sussex oxen following natural tick infestation indicated that significantly more african blue ticks boophilus decoloratus were found on the crossbred than the indigenous cattle (p < 0.05). the two groups of cattle were exposed to babesia bigemina and theileria taurotragi as indicated by high antibody titres on the indirect fluorescent antibody test, but no antibodies could be demonstrated to anaplasma marginale ...19921305338
the differential diagnosis of the bovine theilerias of southern africa.it is currently thought that the following species or sub-species of theileria occur in cattle in southern africa: theileria parva parva (east coast fever), theileria parva lawrencei (corridor disease), theileria parva bovie (rhodesian theileriosis), theileria mutans proper (transmitted by amblyomma species), so-called theileria mutans (a non-pathogenic species transmitted by rhipicephalus appendiculatus, possibly identical with theileria taurotragi) and theileria velifera. the parasites can be ...1979122000
"ormilo disease" a disorder of zebu cattle in tanzania: bovine cerebral theileriosis or new protozoan disease?"ormilo" disease is a neurological disorder of cattle described by maasai herders in tanzania. it is attributed to infection by theileria species, although no detailed data are available in the literature. the authors describe the macroscopical and histological changes observed in 30 brains of indigenous short-horn zebu cattle from northern tanzania, aged 2-9 years, with the characteristic neurological signs of "ormilo". moreover, the ultrastructural details observed in 14 selected brain samples ...201525851929
severe meningeal fibrinoid vasculitis associated with theileria taurotragi infection in two short-horned zebu cattle.the authors describe a severe vasculitis with fibrinoid necrosis of the meningeal arteries observed in two brains of indigenous short-horn zebu (bos indicus) cattle, with bovine cerebral theileriosis (bct) caused by a tick-transmitted hemoprotozoan, theileria taurotragi, from northern tanzania. in the author's opinion, the role of t. taurotragi infection in the angiocentric and angiodestructive detected features remains to be evaluated. a possible immunopathologic cancerous mechanism, secondary ...201627145963
evaluation of a real-time pcr test for the detection and discrimination of theileria species in the african buffalo (syncerus caffer).a quantitative real-time pcr (qpcr) assay based on the cox iii gene was evaluated for the simultaneous detection and discrimination of theileria species in buffalo and cattle blood samples from south africa and mozambique using melting curve analysis. the results obtained were compared to those of the reverse line blot (rlb) hybridization assay for the simultaneous detection and differentiation of theileria spp. in mixed infections, and to the 18s rrna qpcr assay results for the specific detecti ...201324146782
epidemiological studies on tick-borne diseases of cattle in central equatoria state, southern sudan.a herd-based study was carried out in central equatoria state, southern sudan, to study epidemiological aspects of tick-borne diseases. six herds of cattle situated in three different locations were selected and investigated every 3 months during the year 2005. blood smears for giemsa staining and blood spots on filter paper for deoxyribonucleic acid extraction were collected from 600 apparently healthy indigenous cattle. a total of 69 (11.5%) samples showed the presence of piroplasms in giemsa- ...200717530477
fatal theileriosis in eland (taurotragus oryx): pathology of natural and experimental cases.clinical, parasitological and pathological studies were made on five eland infected with theileria. three were natural theileria infections while the other two were experimental cases. all eland died. generalised lymph node enlargement was a common feature. wasting occurred in the more prolonged cases and in two of the field cases severe terminal diarrhoea developed. the third field case died in severe respiratory distress. in all cases, up to 50 per cent piroplasm parasitaemia was wound and sch ...19807193340
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