Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| anatomy of the fully formed chondrocranium of emydura subglobosa (chelidae): a pleurodiran turtle. | the chondrocranium is a cartilaginous structure that forms around and protects the brain and sensory organs of the head. through ontogeny, this skeletal structure may become more elaborate, remodeled and reabsorbed, and/or ossified. though considerable attention has been given to the formation of the chondrocranium and a great amount of data has been gathered on the development of this structure among many craniates, the anatomy of this structure in turtles often is neglected. we describe the ma ... | 2013 | 22972700 |
| does the hydric environment affect the incubation of small rigid-shelled turtle eggs? | hydric environments are hypothesized to have minor effects on the embryonic development of rigid-shelled turtle eggs due to the low water permeability of the eggshell. however, the water reserve in the eggs may still influence their resistance to environmentally induced dehydration. we incubated rigid-shelled turtle eggs (pelodiscus sinensis) on different moist substrates (from -12 to -750kpa) to test the hypothesis that small rigid-shelled eggs would be sensitive to hydric environments. the hyd ... | 2013 | 23026024 |
| the chinese soft-shelled turtle, pelodiscus sinensis, excretes urea mainly through the mouth instead of the kidney. | the chinese soft-shelled turtle, pelodiscus sinensis, is well adapted to aquatic environments, including brackish swamps and marshes. it is ureotelic, and occasionally submerges its head into puddles of water during emersion, presumably for buccopharyngeal respiration. this study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that the buccophyaryngeal cavity constitutes an important excretory route for urea in p. sinensis. results indicate that a major portion of urea was excreted through the mouth inste ... | 2012 | 23053366 |
| ultrastructure of the nephron in the soft-shelled turtle, pelodiscus sinensis (reptilia, chelonia, trionychidae). | the structure of the nephron in adult soft-shelled turtles (pelodiscus sinensis) was studied by light microscopy, transmission and scanning electron microscopy. the kidney contained 5-6 renal lobes. nephrons of p. sinensis are composed of a renal corpuscle (rc) and of a renal tubule that appears divided morphologically into five distinct segments: neck segment (ns) (this segment is only present in approximately 10% of the nephrons), proximal tubule (pt), intermediate segment (is), distal tubule ... | 2013 | 23123084 |
| resistance characterization, virulence factors, and eric-pcr fingerprinting of aeromonas veronii strains isolated from diseased trionyx sinensis. | aeromonas veronii (av) is an important pathogen causing severe diseases in aquaculture. fifteen a. veronii strains isolated from diseased trionyx sinensis from four aquafarms was characterized by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-polymerase chain reaction (eric-pcr), antibiotic susceptibility testing, and identification of virulence factors. a. veronii strains were grouped into nine eric types with discriminatory ability (d) of 91.43 based on 90% similarity. the virulence genes wer ... | 2012 | 23134287 |
| a little winning streak: the reptilian-eye view of gastrulation in birds. | the primitive streak is where the mesoderm and definitive endoderm precursor cells ingress from the epiblast during gastrulation. it is often described as an embryological feature common to all amniotes. but such a feature has not been associated with gastrulation in any reptilian species. a parsimonious model would be that the primitive streak evolved independently in the avian and mammalian lineages. looking beyond the primitive streak, can one find shared features of mesoderm and endoderm for ... | 2013 | 23157408 |
| immunoglobulin genes of the turtles. | the availability of reptile genomes for the use of the scientific community is an exceptional opportunity to study the evolution of immunoglobulin genes. the genome of chrysemys picta bellii and pelodiscus sinensis is the first one that has been reported for turtles. the scanning for immunoglobulin genes resulted in the presence of a complex locus for the immunoglobulin heavy chain (igh). this igh locus in both turtles contains genes for 13 isotypes in c. picta bellii and 17 in p. sinensis. thes ... | 2013 | 23208582 |
| inference of the protokaryotypes of amniotes and tetrapods and the evolutionary processes of microchromosomes from comparative gene mapping. | comparative genome analysis of non-avian reptiles and amphibians provides important clues about the process of genome evolution in tetrapods. however, there is still only limited information available on the genome structures of these organisms. consequently, the protokaryotypes of amniotes and tetrapods and the evolutionary processes of microchromosomes in tetrapods remain poorly understood. we constructed chromosome maps of functional genes for the chinese soft-shelled turtle (pelodiscus sinen ... | 2012 | 23300852 |
| de-novo characterization of the soft-shelled turtle pelodiscus sinensis transcriptome using illumina rna-seq technology. | the soft-shelled turtle pelodiscus sinensis is a high-profile turtle species because of its nutritional and medicinal value in asian countries. however, little is known about the genes that are involved in formation of their nutritional quality traits, especially the molecular mechanisms responsible for unsaturated fatty acid and collagen biosynthesis. in the present study, the transcriptomes from six tissues from pelodiscus sinensis were sequenced using an illumina paired-end sequencing platfor ... | 2013 | 23303632 |
| molecular decay of enamel matrix protein genes in turtles and other edentulous amniotes. | secondary edentulism (toothlessness) has evolved on multiple occasions in amniotes including several mammalian lineages (pangolins, anteaters, baleen whales), birds, and turtles. all edentulous amniote clades have evolved from ancestors with enamel-capped teeth. previous studies have documented the molecular decay of tooth-specific genes in edentulous mammals, all of which lost their teeth in the cenozoic, and birds, which lost their teeth in the cretaceous. by contrast with mammals and birds, t ... | 2013 | 23342979 |
| production of chimeras between the chinese soft-shelled turtle and peking duck through transfer of early blastoderm cells. | chimeras are useful models for studies of developmental biology and cell differentiation. intraspecies and interspecies germline chimeras have been produced in previous studies, but the feasibility of producing chimeras between animals of two different classes remains unclear. to address this issue, we attempted to produce chimeras between the chinese soft-shelled turtle and the peking duck by transferring stage x blastoderm cells to recipient embryos. we then examined the survival and developme ... | 2013 | 23348946 |
| the chinese soft-shelled turtle, pelodiscus sinensis, decreases nitrogenous excretion, reduces urea synthesis and suppresses ammonia production during emersion. | the objective of this study was to examine the effects of 6 days of emersion on nitrogen metabolism and excretion in the chinese soft-shelled turtle, pelodiscus sinensis. despite having a soft shell with a cutaneous surface that is known to be water permeable, p. sinensis lost only ~2% of body mass and was able to maintain its hematocrit and plasma osmolality, [na(+)] and [cl(-)] during 6 days of emersion. during emersion, it ameliorated water loss by reducing urine output, which led to a reduct ... | 2013 | 23348951 |
| a zz/zw microchromosome system in the spiny softshell turtle, apalone spinifera, reveals an intriguing sex chromosome conservation in trionychidae. | reptiles display a wide diversity of sex-determining mechanisms ranging from temperature-dependent sex determination (tsd) to genotypic sex determination (gsd) with either male (xy) or female (zw) heterogamety. despite this astounding variability, the origin, structure, and evolution of sex chromosomes remain poorly understood. in turtles, tsd is purportedly ancestral while gsd arose multiple times independently. here we test whether independent (xy or zw) or morphologically divergent heterogame ... | 2013 | 23512312 |
| rapid evolution of beta-keratin genes contribute to phenotypic differences that distinguish turtles and birds from other reptiles. | sequencing of vertebrate genomes permits changes in distinct protein families, including gene gains and losses, to be ascribed to lineage-specific phenotypes. a prominent example of this is the large-scale duplication of beta-keratin genes in the ancestors of birds, which was crucial to the subsequent evolution of their beaks, claws, and feathers. evidence suggests that the shell of pseudomys nelsoni contains at least 16 beta-keratins proteins, but it is unknown whether this is a complete set an ... | 2013 | 23576313 |
| the draft genomes of soft-shell turtle and green sea turtle yield insights into the development and evolution of the turtle-specific body plan. | the unique anatomical features of turtles have raised unanswered questions about the origin of their unique body plan. we generated and analyzed draft genomes of the soft-shell turtle (pelodiscus sinensis) and the green sea turtle (chelonia mydas); our results indicated the close relationship of the turtles to the bird-crocodilian lineage, from which they split ∼267.9-248.3 million years ago (upper permian to triassic). we also found extensive expansion of olfactory receptor genes in these turtl ... | 2013 | 23624526 |
| metabolism of pyrene, a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in freshwater turtles. | reptile population decrease is an alarming trend all around the world. yet little is known about the role of xenobiotics in this decrease. in this study, we investigated the metabolism of pyrene in three freshwater turtle species (red-eared sliders (trachemys scripta elegans), chinese pond turtles (mauremys reevesii) and chinese softshell turtles (pelodiscus sinensis). compared to other vertebrates, all turtles showed an unique metabolite distribution, pyrene-1-sulfate being the main metabolite. ... | 2013 | 23631161 |
| molecular cytogenetic map of the central bearded dragon, pogona vitticeps (squamata: agamidae). | reptiles, as the sister group to birds and mammals, are particularly valuable for comparative genomic studies among amniotes. the australian central bearded dragon (pogona vitticeps) is being developed as a reptilian model for such comparisons, with whole-genome sequencing near completion. the karyotype consists of 6 pairs of macrochromosomes and 10 pairs microchromosomes (2n = 32), including a female heterogametic zw sex microchromosome pair. here, we present a molecular cytogenetic map for p. ... | 2013 | 23703235 |
| effects of osmolytes on pelodiscus sinensis creatine kinase: a study on thermal denaturation and aggregation. | the protective effect of osmolytes on the thermal denaturation and aggregation of pelodiscus sinensis muscle creatine kinase (psck) was investigated by a combination of spectroscopic methods and thermodynamic analysis. our results demonstrated that the addition of osmolytes, such as glycine and proline, could prevent thermal denaturation and aggregation of psck in a concentration-dependent manner. when the concentration of glycine and proline increased in the denatured system, the relative activ ... | 2013 | 23791661 |
| morphologic analysis of atretic follicles in the chinese soft-shelled turtle, pelodiscus sinensis. | the chinese soft-shelled turtle (pelodiscus sinensis) and its eggs have been utilized as both a source of nutrition and medicine for thousands of years. in the present study, follicular atresia was investigated by morphological analysis as an important factor affecting clutch size. results showed that follicular atresia can be divided into four stages: (1) development of follicular cell disorder; (2) massive cellular proliferation in the ooplasm with elimination of yolk granules; (3) large amoun ... | 2013 | 23909975 |
| laser therapy in a soft-shelled turtle (pelodiscus sinensis) for the treatment of skin and shell ulceration. a case report. | skin and shell diseases in aquatic turtles are often associated with several underlying causes. the presented case report describes aetiology including differential diagnoses, diagnostic procedures and therapy of a soft-shelled turtle (pelodiscus sinensis) suffering from a septicaemic ulcerative dermatitis. central aspect hereby is the positive curing effect of laser therapy on skin and shell lesions. | 2013 | 23958710 |
| ultrastructure of epididymal epithelium and its interaction with the sperm in the soft-shelled turtle pelodiscus sinensis. | the epididymis of the soft-shelled turtle pelodiscus sinensis was examined under light and transmission electron microscopes to determine the morphological characteristics, as well as their changes at different phases of the seasonal reproductive cycle. three distinct regions, viz., cranial, middle and caudal were identified in the epididymis based on anatomical characteristics. the epididymal epithelium consists of five different cell types: principal, narrow, apical, clear and basal cells. pri ... | 2013 | 24041582 |
| origin of the unique morphology of the shoulder girdle in turtles. | the shoulder girdle of turtles has a triradiate morphology. although its dorsal process represents the scapular blade, the skeletal identities of the two ventral processes remain uncertain. to elucidate the question, developmental patterns of the girdles were compared between chinese soft-shelled turtles, chickens, and mice. despite the morphological diversity of adults, the initial primordia of the shoulder girdles showed similar morphological patterns. the ventral two processes developed from ... | 2013 | 24117338 |
| a novel angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory peptide derived from proteolytic digest of chinese soft-shelled turtle egg white proteins. | in this study, soft-shelled turtle (pelodiscus sinensis) egg white (sstew) proteins were digested by thermolysin and the resulting small peptides were further fractionated by reverse phase chromatography. peptides with angiotensin i-converting enzyme inhibitory (acei) activity from these fractions were screened. a lysozyme-derived peptide, iw-11, from the fraction with the most effective acei was identified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (lc-ms/ms) and its purified form showed ... | 2013 | 24140975 |
| ifn-γ in turtle: conservation in sequence and signalling and role in inhibiting iridovirus replication in chinese soft-shelled turtle pelodiscus sinensis. | the ifn-γ gene was identified in a turtle, the chinese soft-shelled turtle, pelodiscus sinensis, with its genome consisting of 4 exons and 3 introns. the deduced amino acid sequence of this gene contains a signal peptide, an ifn-γ family signature motif (130)iqrkavnelfpt, an nls motif (155)krkr and three potential n-glycosylation sites. as revealed by real-time quantitative pcr, the gene was constitutively expressed in all tested organs/tissues, with higher level observed in blood, intestine and ... | 2014 | 24239708 |
| purification effects of two eco-ditch systems on chinese soft-shelled turtle greenhouse culture wastewater pollution. | the present study used an eco-ditch system that employed eichhornia crassipes, bacillus subtilis, and bellamya aeruginosa (e-b-b) during the summer and fall (high temperature) seasons and a second eco-ditch system that employed elodea nuttallii, a compound microbial preparation called "em bacteria", and hypophthalmichthys molitrix (e-e-h) during the winter and spring (low temperature) seasons successively to purify the discharged wastewater produced by chinese soft-shelled turtle greenhouse cult ... | 2014 | 24420561 |
| pcr-rflp identification of four chinese soft-shelled turtle pelodiscus sinensis strains using mitochondrial genes. | a pcr-rflp method to confirm the identification of four pelodiscus sinensis strains (taihu lake strain, taiwan strain, yellow river strain and japanese strain) was developed and evaluated. in this study, we sequenced and analyzed the partial sequences of mitochondrial nadh4, cox i and nadh5-nadh6 genes of 60 individuals from the four p. sinensis strains. bgl i, hpa ii and cla i were selected for cutting nadh4, cox i and nadh5-nadh6 pcr products, respectively, and each strain has its unique restr ... | 2015 | 24438250 |
| the xenopus alcohol dehydrogenase gene family: characterization and comparative analysis incorporating amphibian and reptilian genomes. | the alcohol dehydrogenase (adh) gene family uniquely illustrates the concept of enzymogenesis. in vertebrates, tandem duplications gave rise to a multiplicity of forms that have been classified in eight enzyme classes, according to primary structure and function. some of these classes appear to be exclusive of particular organisms, such as the frog adh8, a unique nadp+-dependent adh enzyme. this work describes the adh system of xenopus, as a model organism, and explores the first amphibian and r ... | 2014 | 24649825 |
| discovery of the elusive leptin in birds: identification of several 'missing links' in the evolution of leptin and its receptor. | leptin is a pleiotropic protein best known for regulation of appetite and fat storage in mammals. while many leptin orthologs have been identified among vertebrates, an authentic leptin in birds has remained elusive and controversial. here we identify leptin sequence from the peregrine falcon, falco peregrinus (pfleptin), and identify sequences from two other birds (mallard and zebra finch), and 'missing' vertebrates (elephant shark, alligator, indian python, chinese soft-shelled turtle, and coe ... | 2014 | 24663438 |
| a common developmental plan for neocortical gene-expressing neurons in the pallium of the domestic chicken gallus gallus domesticus and the chinese softshell turtle pelodiscus sinensis. | the six-layered neocortex is a unique characteristic of mammals and likely provides the neural basis of their sophisticated cognitive abilities. although all mammalian species share the layered structure of the neocortex, the sauropsids exhibit an entirely different cytoarchitecture of the corresponding pallial region. our previous gene expression study revealed that the chicken pallium possesses neural subtypes that express orthologs of layer-specific genes of the mammalian neocortex. to unders ... | 2014 | 24778607 |
| genome-wide analyses of proliferation-important genes of iridovirus-tiger frog virus by rnai. | tiger frog virus (tfv), a species of genus ranavirus in the family iridoviridae, is a nuclear cytoplasmic large dna virus that infects aquatic vertebrates such as tiger frog (rana tigrina rugulosa) and chinese soft-shelled turtle (trionyx sinensis). based on the available genome sequences of tfv, the well-developed rna interference (rnai) technique, and the reliable cell line for infection model, we decided to analyze the functional importance of all predicted genes. firstly, a relative quantita ... | 2014 | 24886972 |
| the staurotypus turtles and aves share the same origin of sex chromosomes but evolved different types of heterogametic sex determination. | reptiles have a wide diversity of sex-determining mechanisms and types of sex chromosomes. turtles exhibit temperature-dependent sex determination and genotypic sex determination, with male heterogametic (xx/xy) and female heterogametic (zz/zw) sex chromosomes. identification of sex chromosomes in many turtle species and their comparative genomic analysis are of great significance to understand the evolutionary processes of sex determination and sex chromosome differentiation in testudines. the ... | 2014 | 25121779 |
| empyema, acute respiratory failure, and septic shock after aspiration of a soft-shelled turtle (pelodiscus sinensis) bone by an adult. | the common late complications of foreign body aspiration include granulation formation, obstructive pneumonia, and atelectasis. however, a foreign body-induced pleural infection is very rare, and especially when it is not iatrogenic. | 2014 | 25161865 |
| identification and characterization of telocytes in the uterus of the oviduct in the chinese soft-shelled turtle, pelodiscus sinensis: tem evidence. | telocytes (tcs) are cells with telopodes (tps), which are very long cellular extensions with alternating thin segments (podomers) and dilated bead-like thick regions known as podoms. tcs are a distinct category of interstitial cells and have been identified in many mammalian organs including heart, lung and kidney. the present study investigates the existence, ultrastructure, distribution and contacts of tcs with surrounding cells in the uterus (shell gland) of the oviduct of the chinese soft-sh ... | 2014 | 25230849 |
| a novel bradykinin-related dodecapeptide (rvalppgftplr) from the skin secretion of the fujian large-headed frog (limnonectes fujianensis) exhibiting unusual structural and functional features. | bradykinin-related peptides (brps) are significant components of the defensive skin secretions of many anuran amphibians, and these secretions represent the source of the most diverse spectrum of such peptides so far encountered in nature. of the many families of bioactive peptides that have been identified from this source, the brps uniquely appear to represent homologues of counterparts that have specific distributions and receptor targets within discrete vertebrate taxa, ranging from fishes t ... | 2014 | 25268979 |
| exploring the genetic basis of adaptation to high elevations in reptiles: a comparative transcriptome analysis of two toad-headed agamas (genus phrynocephalus). | high elevation adaptation offers an excellent study system to understand the genetic basis of adaptive evolution. we acquired transcriptome sequences of two closely related lizards, phrynocephalus przewalskii from low elevations and p. vlangalii from high elevations. within a phylogenetic framework, we compared their genomic data along with green anole, chicken and chinese softshell turtle, and identified candidate genes and functional categories that are potentially linked to adaptation to high ... | 2014 | 25386640 |
| isolation and characterization of a novel angiotensin-converting enzyme-inhibitory tripeptide from enzymatic hydrolysis of soft-shelled turtle (pelodiscus sinensis) egg white: in vitro, in vivo, and in silico study. | in this study, a novel angiotensin-converting enzyme (ace)-inhibitory tripeptide (ivr) was isolated and identified from unfertilized soft-shelled turtle egg white (sstew). the ic50 value of ivr was measured in vitro as low as 0.81 ± 0.03 μm, and its inhibition type was suggested as competitive according to the lineweaver-burk plot. this peptide can be generated from either thermolysin followed by trypsin digestion (two stages) or only trypsin digestion (one stage). quantitative lc-ms/ms analysis ... | 2014 | 25402658 |
| acute cold stress improved the transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines of chinese soft-shelled turtle against aeromonas hydrophila. | chinese soft-shelled turtle, pelodiscus sinensis, is widely cultured in east and southeast asian countries. it frequently encounters the stress of abrupt temperature changes, which leads to mass death in most cases. however, the mechanism underlying the stress-elicited death remains unknown. we have suspected that the stress impaired the immune function of chinese soft-shelled turtle, which could result in the mass death, as we noticed that there was a clinical syndrome of infection in dead turt ... | 2015 | 25450906 |
| development of the thalamo-dorsal ventricular ridge tract in the chinese soft-shelled turtle, pelodiscus sinensis. | with the exception of that from the olfactory system, the vertebrate sensory information is relayed by the dorsal thalamus (dth) to be carried to the telencephalon via the thalamo-telencephalic tract. although the trajectory of the tract from the dth to the basal telencephalon seems to be highly conserved among amniotes, the axonal terminals vary in each group. in mammals, thalamic axons project onto the neocortex, whereas they project onto the dorsal pallium and the dorsal ventricular ridge (dv ... | 2015 | 25494924 |
| oxygen-dependent heat tolerance and developmental plasticity in turtle embryos. | oxygen and temperature have previously been treated as different environmental stresses and studied separately in most cases. although the oxygen-temperature interaction may provide new insight into proximate and evolutionary constraints on embryonic development and offspring fitness, it has rarely been studied in oviparous amniotes. we used a two-factor experiment [three oxygen concentrations (12, 22 and 30%) × two temperatures (26.5 and 34 °c)] to identify the effect of the oxygen-temperature ... | 2015 | 25523756 |
| ascorbic acid regulation in stress responses during acute cold exposure and following recovery in juvenile chinese soft-shelled turtle (pelodiscus sinensis). | intense temperature change often leads to increased oxidative stress in many animals with a few exceptions, including the turtle. to date, little is known about the mechanism of protective antioxidative defenses in turtles during acute temperature change, specifically the role that the antioxidant ascorbic acid (aa) plays. in this study, chinese soft-shelled turtles (pelodiscus sinensis) were initially acclimated at 28°c (3 wks), exposed to acute cold condition (8°c, 8 h) and finally placed in r ... | 2015 | 25645296 |
| temperature-dependent sex determination ruled out in the chinese soft-shelled turtle (pelodiscus sinensis) via molecular cytogenetics and incubation experiments across populations. | the sex determination mechanism for the chinese soft-shelled turtle (pelodiscus sinensis) is subject to controversy. some populations have been shown to possess sex chromosomes and thus genotypic sex determination (gsd), while others were reported to exhibit temperature-dependent sex determination (tsd). to test whether tsd and gsd coexist in this species or whether populations differ in their sex-determining system, we conducted egg incubation experiments to investigate how temperature influenc ... | 2015 | 25676546 |
| pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationship of marbofloxacin against aeromonas hydrophila in chinese soft-shelled turtles (trionyx sinensis). | the single-dose disposition kinetics of the antibiotic marbofloxacin were determined in chinese soft-shelled turtles (n = 10) after oral and intramuscular (i.m.) dose of 10 mg/kg bodyweight. the in vitro and ex vivo activities of marbofloxacin in serum against a pathogenic strain of aeromonas hydrophila were determined. a concentration-dependent antimicrobial activity of marbofloxacin was confirmed for levels lower than 4 × mic. for in vivo pk data, values of auc: minimum inhibitory concentratio ... | 2015 | 25694049 |
| high incubation temperatures enhance mitochondrial energy metabolism in reptile embryos. | developmental rate increases exponentially with increasing temperature in ectothermic animals, but the biochemical basis underlying this thermal dependence is largely unexplored. we measured mitochondrial respiration and metabolic enzyme activities of turtle embryos (pelodiscus sinensis) incubated at different temperatures to identify the metabolic basis of the rapid development occurring at high temperatures in reptile embryos. developmental rate increased with increasing incubation temperature ... | 2015 | 25749301 |
| genetic manipulation of reptilian embryos: toward an understanding of cortical development and evolution. | the mammalian neocortex is a remarkable structure that is characterized by tangential surface expansion and six-layered lamination. however, how the mammalian neocortex emerged during evolution remains elusive. because all modern reptiles have a homolog of the neocortex at the dorsal pallium, developmental analyses of the reptilian cortex are valuable to explore the origin of the neocortex. however, reptilian cortical development and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear, mainly due ... | 2015 | 25759636 |
| follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (fshr) in chinese alligator, alligator sinensis: molecular characterization, tissue distribution and mrna expression changes during the female reproductive cycle. | the follicle-stimulating hormone (fsh) plays a central role in vertebrate reproduction, with the actions of fsh mediated by fsh receptors (fshrs) on the granulosa cells of the ovary. the present study reports the cloning and characterization of fshr in chinese alligator, alligator sinensis (cafshr), and its tissue distribution and mrna expression changes during the reproductive cycle. the mature protein of cafshr displays typical features of the glycoprotein hormone receptor family, but also con ... | 2015 | 25765682 |
| incubation temperature affects the immune function of hatchling soft-shelled turtles, pelodiscus sinensis. | identifying how developmental temperature affects the immune system is critical for understanding how ectothermic animals defend against pathogens and their fitness in the changing world. however, reptiles have received little attention regarding this issue. we incubated eggs at three ecologically relevant temperatures to determine how incubation temperature affects the immune function of hatchling soft-shelled turtles, pelodiscus sinensis. when exposed to bacterial infections, hatchlings from 2 ... | 2015 | 26028216 |
| the full globin repertoire of turtles provides insights into vertebrate globin evolution and functions. | globins are small heme proteins that play an important role in oxygen supply, but may also have other functions. globins offer a unique opportunity to study the functional evolution of genes and proteins. we have characterized the globin repertoire of two different turtle species: the chinese softshell turtle (pelodiscus sinensis) and the western painted turtle (chrysemys picta bellii). in the genomes of both species, we have identified eight distinct globin types: hemoglobin (hb), myoglobin, ne ... | 2015 | 26078264 |
| oral administration of a hot water extract of the softshell turtle (trionyx sinensis) improves exercise performance. | freshwater softshell turtle (trionyx sinensis) extract has been used traditionally as a tonic soup, and to recover from physical fatigue. to support these claims, the forelimb grip strength of mice was measured after feeding a soft-shell turtle extract for 7 days. the t. sinensis extract significantly increased the grip strength to 1.25±0.07 n (p<0.01), which is 16.8% higher than the force on day 0. after exercising, the blood glucose levels in extract-fed mice were 202% higher and urea levels w ... | 2015 | 26176001 |
| life-cycle and genetic characterization of astiotrema odhneri bhalerao, 1936 sensu cho & seo 1977 from the primorsky region (russian far east). | adult astiotrema odhneri bhalerao, 1936 sensu cho & seo 1977 were found in the intestine of a freshwater turtle, pelodiscus sinensis (wiegmann), from the komissarovka river basin, primorsky region, russia. it was established that the first intermediate host of this parasite is a snail, anisus centrifugops, and that the second intermediate hosts include the snails, helicorbis sujfunensis and a. centrifugops, tadpoles of the frog rana dybowskii, and the fish perccottus glenii. the development of a ... | 2015 | 26232633 |
| partial sequence of a novel virus isolated from pelodiscus sinensis hemorrhagic disease. | outbreaks of hemorrhagic syndrome-like disease with high mortality rates have frequently occurred in pelodiscus sinensis farms. the purpose of this study was to investigate the pathogen through challenge infection assays and partial sequencing of the genome of the pathogen. a 453-bp amplicon was obtained by random pcr using the nucleic acid extracted from the tissue homogenate filtrate and showed 32% identity at the amino acid level with the replicase polyprotein of the porcine reproductive and ... | 2015 | 26279281 |
| b-cell lymphoma-2 localization in the female reproductive tract of the chinese soft-shelled turtle, pelodiscus sinensis and its relationship with sperm storage. | the aim of the present study was to investigate the expression and localization of b-cell lymphoma-2 (bcl-2) in the oviduct of the chinese soft-shelled turtle, pelodiscus sinensis, during the reproductive cycle to analyze the relationship between bcl-2 and sperm storage. bcl-2 expression was confirmed in the p. sinensis oviduct by western blot analysis. hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that female p. sinensis stored sperm from november to april of the following year. the oviduct showed positive ... | 2015 | 26285642 |
| novel cellular evidence of oviduct secretions in the chinese soft-shelled turtle pelodiscus sinensis. | the oviduct is the location of fertilization and sperm storage. we examined the ultrastructure of the oviduct epithelium and its glandular secretions in the isthmus, uterus and vagina of chinese soft-shelled turtle pelodiscus sinensis using light and transmission electron microscopy. the epithelium in these segments is lined with ciliated, secretory and other cells; the first two cell types span the entire epithelium, with secretory cells being predominant. the ciliated cells are characterized b ... | 2015 | 26350585 |
| sperm storage and spermatozoa interaction with epithelial cells in oviduct of chinese soft-shelled turtle, pelodiscus sinensis. | spermatozoa are known to be stored within the female genital tract after mating in various species to optimize timing of reproductive events such as copulation, fertilization, and ovulation. the mechanism supporting long-term sperm storage is still unclear in turtles. the aim of this study was to investigate the interaction between the spermatozoa and oviduct in chinese soft-shelled turtle by light and electron microscopy to reveal the potential cytological mechanism of long-term sperm storage. ... | 2015 | 26357535 |
| characterization of dna aptamers generated against the soft-shelled turtle iridovirus with antiviral effects. | soft-shelled turtle iridovirus (stiv) causes severe systemic disease in farmed soft-shelled turtles (trionyx sinensis). more efficient methods of controlling and detecting stiv infections are urgently needed. | 2015 | 26419355 |
| immunohistochemical analysis for g protein in the olfactory organs of soft-shelled turtle, pelodiscus sinensis. | in turtles, the epithelia lining the upper and lower chambers of the nasal cavity project axons to the ventral and dorsal parts of the olfactory bulbs, respectively. in a semi-aquatic soft-shelled turtle, pelodiscus sinensis, more than 1,000 odorant receptor genes have been found, but it is not known where they are expressed. in this study, we aimed to clarify the distribution of cells expressing these genes in the olfactory organs of soft-shelled turtles. immunoreactions for the gαolf, the α su ... | 2016 | 26440778 |
| lymphocyte migration in the micro-channel of splenic sheathed capillaries in chinese soft-shelled turtles, pelodiscus sinensis. | the structural characteristics of the splenic sheathed capillary were investigated using light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (tem). this study mainly focused on lymphocyte migration to the splenic white pulp via micro-channels in chinese soft-shelled turtles, pelodiscus sinensis. the results showed that the sheathed capillaries in the turtle spleen were high endothelial venule (hev)-like vessels. these capillaries consist of micro-channels that facilitate lymphocyte migration t ... | 2016 | 26461103 |
| differentiation of four strains of chinese soft-shelled turtle (pelodiscus sinensis) based on high-resolution melting analysis of single nucleotide polymorphism sites in mitochondrial dna. | the chinese soft-shelled turtle (pelodiscus sinensis) has been one of the most economically important aquatic animals in china for thousands of years, and several breeding strains have been formed. since the morphological characteristics of some strains are similar, a rapid and accurate molecular method to differentiate between strains is required. in this study, partial sequences of mitochondrial dna from four turtle strains, taihu lake strain, taiwan strain, japanese strain, and yellow river s ... | 2015 | 26535627 |
| modification of sperm morphology during long-term sperm storage in the reproductive tract of the chinese soft-shelled turtle, pelodiscus sinensis. | sperm storage in vivo extends the time window for fertilisation in several animal species, from a few days to several years. the underlying storage mechanisms, however, are largely unknown. in this study, spermatozoa from the epididymis and oviduct of chinese soft-shelled turtles were investigated to identify potentially relevant morphological features and transformations at different stages of sperm storage. large cytoplasmic droplets (cds) containing lipid droplets (lds) were attached to the m ... | 2015 | 26537569 |
| in vitro synergistic effects of fisetin and norfloxacin against aquatic isolates of serratia marcescens. | serratia marcescens is a common pathogenic bacterium that can cause infections in both humans and animals. it can cause a range of diseases, from slight wound infections to life-threatening bacteraemia and pneumonia. the emergence of antimicrobial resistance has limited the treatment of the diseases caused by the bacterium to a great extent. consequently, there is an urgent need to develop novel antimicrobial strategies against this pathogen. synergistic strategy is a new approach to treat the i ... | 2016 | 26567906 |
| identifcation and validation of novel microrna molecule from the pelodiscus sinensis by bioinformatics approaches. | micrornas (mirnas) are a group of endogenous, short non-coding rnas with the length of about 22 nt, which mediate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level through mrna degradation or translational repression. among them, some are highly evolutionally conserved in the animal kingdom; this provides a powerful strategy for identifying mirnas in new species. the chinese soft-shelled turtle (pelodiscus sinensis) is one of the most important freshwater aquaculture reptilian species in china, ... | 2015 | 26615637 |
| effect of cd2+ on muscle type of creatine kinase: inhibition kinetics integrating computational simulations. | creatine kinase (ec 2.7.3.2, ck) plays an important role in cellular energy metabolism and homeostasis by catalyzing the transfer of phosphate between atp and creatine phosphate. we investigated the effects of cd2+ on muscle type of creatine kinase from pelodiscus sinensis (psckm). cd2+ conspicuously inactivated the activity of psckm (ic50=0.062 mm) in a first-order kinetic process and exhibited non-competitive inhibition with creatine and atp. a conformational study showed that cd2+ induced ter ... | 2016 | 26642840 |
| expression of tlr2/4 in the sperm-storing oviduct of the chinese soft-shelled turtle pelodiscus sinensis during hibernation season. | the initiation of innate immunology system could play an important role in the aspect of protection for sperms long-term storage when the sperms got into oviduct of turtles and come into contact with epithelium. the exploration of tlr2/4 distribution and expression in oviduct during hibernation could help make the storage mechanism understandable. the objective of this study was to examine the gene and protein expression profiles in chinese soft-shelled turtle during hibernation from november to ... | 2015 | 26664692 |
| morphological and ultrastructural study of the efferent ductules in the chinese soft-shelled turtle pelodiscus sinensis. | comparative study of the turtle excurrent duct system increases our understanding the evolution of sperm motility and fertility maintenance in higher vertebrates. therefore, in this study we observed the histology and ultrastructure organization of efferent ductules in the pelodiscus sinensis using light and transmission electron microscopy. the efferent ductules are extra- testicular and 22-28 in number originate from rete testis. the epithelium is entirely composed of two types of cells, the p ... | 2016 | 26700193 |
| telocytes: novel interstitial cells present in the testis parenchyma of the chinese soft-shelled turtle pelodiscus sinensis. | telocytes (tcs) are novel interstitial cells that have been found in various organs, but the existence of tcs in the testes has not yet been reported. the present ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study revealed the existence of tcs and differentiate these cells from the peritubular cells (pc) in contact with the surrounding structures in the testes. firstly, our results confirmed the existence of two cell types surrounding seminiferous tubules; these were pc (smooth muscle like characteri ... | 2015 | 26769239 |
| optimization of method to extract collagen from "emperor" tissue of soft-shelled turtles. | soft-shelled turtles (pelodiscus sinensis) are widely distributed in some asian countries, and parts of this turtle contain abundant collagen. in this study, we optimized a method for extracting collagen from the soft-shelled turtle. we used three types of solvent and four extraction conditions to determine an effective collagen extraction method, which was extraction at 37°c with acetic acid after hydrochloric acid pretreatment. next, we extracted collagen from three regions in the soft-shelled ... | 2016 | 26782306 |
| androgen-related sperm storage in oviduct of chinese soft-shelled turtle in vivo during annual cycle. | long-term sperm storage in the female genital tract is essential for the appropriate timing of reproductive events in animals with asynchronous copulation and ovulation. however, the mechanism underlying the prolonged storage of spermatozoa is largely unexplored in turtles. in the present study, the role of androgen in sperm storage was investigated in the oviduct of the chinese soft-shelled turtle, pelodiscus sinensis. morphological analysis revealed that spermatozoa were observed in the vagina ... | 2016 | 26847578 |
| tandem amino acid repeats in the green anole (anolis carolinensis) and other squamates may have a role in increasing genetic variability. | tandem amino acid repeats are characterised by the consecutive recurrence of a single amino acid. they exhibit high rates of length mutations in addition to point mutations and have been proposed to be involved in genetic plasticity. squamate reptiles (lizards and snakes) diversify in both morphology and physiology. the underlying mechanism is yet to be understood. in a previous phylogenomic analysis of reptiles, the density of tandem repeats in an anole lizard diverged heavily from that of the ... | 2016 | 26868501 |
| cellular evidence for nano-scale exosome secretion and interactions with spermatozoa in the epididymis of the chinese soft-shelled turtle, pelodiscus sinensis. | the epididymis is the location of sperm maturation and sperm storage. recent studies have shown that nano-scale exosomes play a vital role during these complicated processes. our aim was to analyze the secretory properties of epididymal exosomes and their ultrastructural interaction with maturing spermatozoa in the chinese soft-shelled turtle. the exosome marker cd63 was primarily localized to the apices of principal cells throughout the epididymal epithelium. identification of nano-scale exosom ... | 2016 | 26992236 |
| establishment and characterization of a cell line from the chinese soft-shelled turtle pelodiscus sinensis. | the establishment and partial characterization of pelodiscus sinensis continuous cell line is described here. a novel p. sinensis fibroblast cell line, designated psf, was established from heart tissue by the semi-digestion explant culture technique. since its initiation in july 2013, the cell line has been subcultured at 30°c in minimal essential medium (mem) containing 15% (v/v) fetal bovine serum for more than 50 passages. the growth curve of the cell line revealed the population doubling tim ... | 2016 | 27059326 |
| [rapid screening and confirmation of non-target pigment in chinese softshell turtle by liquid chromatography coupled to time of flight mass spectrometry]. | a method of non-target pigment screening in chinese softshell turtle has been established by using liquid chromatography coupled to time of flight mass spectrometry (lc-q-tof ms). after being purified by a simple acetonitrile extraction work, the non-target pigment in 20 chinese softshell turtle samples was detected by liquid chromatography-photodiode array detection (lc-dad). the s7 sample, which has a strong spectral response, was chosen to extract the mass spectrometry information of the non- ... | 2015 | 27097458 |
| purification, optimization and physicochemical properties of collagen from soft-shelled turtle calipash. | the present work was to optimize the purification conditions for soft-shelled turtle (pelodiscus sinensis) calipash collagen (stcc) isolated by pepsin and to explore collagen physicochemical properties for potential biomaterial applications. single-factor test and orthogonal method l9 (3(4)) were employed with the stcc recovery yield as indicator. the optimum purification conditions were obtained when nacl concentration, collagen concentration and purification time were 2m, 8g/l, and 24h, respec ... | 2016 | 27106588 |
| cloning, expression and antioxidant activity of a novel collagen from pelodiscus sinensis. | collagen is the main structural protein of various connective tissues in animals and naturally plays an important role within the body. it is increasingly used within certain areas, such as medicine, citology and cosmetology. the soft-shelled turtle (pelodiscus sinensis) is a commercially important aquatic species rich in collagen. in this study, a novel collagen gene fragment of 756 bp, which encodes 252 deduced amino acid residues, including 25 conserved gly-x-y motifs, was cloned from a soft- ... | 2016 | 27116966 |
| identification and functional analysis of interleukin-1β in the chinese soft-shelled turtle pelodiscus sinensis. | chinese soft-shelled turtle (pelodiscus sinensis) is commercially cultured in east and southeast asia for its nutritional and medicinal values. in this study, we identified interleukin-1β (il-1β) from chinese soft-shelled turtle. the full-length cdna of pelodiscus sinensis il-1β (til-1β) consists of 1529 base pairs with an 831-base-pair open reading frame, encoding 277 amino acids. the guanine-cytosine (gc) content in the coding sequence and 3' untranslated region of til-1β is considerably highe ... | 2016 | 27153094 |
| characterization and functional analysis of toll-like receptor 4 in chinese soft-shelled turtle pelodiscus sinensis. | mammalian toll-like receptor 4 (tlr4) recognizes lipopolysaccharide (lps) in initiating the innate immune responses. early studies indicate that turtles are more resistant to lps challenge than mammals. it remains unknown if turtles express tlr4 and why they are more resistant to lps. in this study, tlr4 gene from chinese soft-shelled turtle, pelodiscus sinensis, was cloned and characterized. the full length cdna of turtle tlr4 (ttlr4) consists of 3396 base pairs with an 2499-bp open reading fra ... | 2016 | 27259833 |
| evaluation of differentially expressed immune-related genes in intestine of pelodiscus sinensis after intragastric challenge with lipopolysaccharide based on transcriptome analysis. | pelodiscus sinensis is the most common turtle species that has been raised in east and southeast asia. however, there are still limited studies about the immune defense mechanisms in its small intestine until now. in the present research, histological analysis and transcriptome analysis was performed on the small intestine of p. sinensis after intragastric challenge with lps to explore its mechanisms of immune responses to pathogens. the result showed the number of intraepithelial lymphocytes (i ... | 2016 | 27475104 |
| cytological study on sertoli cells and their interactions with germ cells during annual reproductive cycle in turtle. | sertoli cells (scs) play a central role in the development of germ cells within functional testes and exhibit varying morphology during spermatogenesis. this present study investigated the seasonal morphological changes in scs in the reproductive cycle of pelodiscus sinensis by light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (tem), and immunohistochemistry. during hibernation period with the quiescent of spermatogenesis, several autophagosomes were observed inside the scs, the processes of wh ... | 2016 | 27516863 |
| short communication development of microsatellite markers and genetic diversity analysis for pelodiscus sinensis. | pelodiscus sinensis is a common freshwater soft-shell turtle found in china, and is an important aquaculture species. in this study, 20 polymorphic microsatellite primers were developed from the transcriptome. the genetic diversity of three populations of p. sinensis was evaluated, using 72 individuals. the number of alleles per locus ranged from 3 to 26. the observed and expected heterozygosities varied from 0.208 to 0.958, and from 0.302 to 0.963, respectively. the polymorphic information cont ... | 2016 | 27525890 |
| expression of tlr2/4 on epididymal spermatozoa of the chinese soft-shelled turtle pelodiscus sinensis during the hibernation season. | spermatozoa are known to be stored in the epididymis of the chinese soft-shelled turtle pelodiscus sinensis for long periods during hibernation, but the mechanism that underlies the sperm storage is poorly understood. this study was carried out to confirm the presence of tlr2/4 (toll-like receptor 2/4) in epididymal spermatozoa during the hibernation season and to analyze whether tlrs play a role in sperm storage. the structure and ultrastructure of a spermatozoon during the hibernation stage we ... | 2016 | 27532861 |
| global analysis of differential gene expression related to long-term sperm storage in oviduct of chinese soft-shelled turtle pelodiscus sinensis. | important evolutionary and ecological consequences arise from the ability of female turtles to store viable spermatozoa for an extended period. although previous morphological studies have observed the localization of spermatozoa in pelodiscus sinensis oviduct, no systematic study on the identification of genes that are involved in long-term sperm storage has been performed. in this study, the oviduct of p. sinensis at different phases (reproductive and hibernation seasons) was prepared for rna- ... | 2016 | 27628424 |
| novel cellular evidence of lipophagy within the sertoli cells during spermatogenesis in the turtle. | spermatogenesis is a complex process producing haploid spermatozoa, and the formation of lipid droplets (lds) within sertoli cells is critical to maintaining normal spermatogenesis. however, the utilization of lds within sertoli cells is still largely unknown. in the present study, proliferation of spermatogonial cells had begun in may, whereas the meiotic cells occurred predominately in july and majority of spermiogenic cells were observed in the seminiferous tubules in october. however, tem an ... | 2016 | 27750210 |
| subcellular evidence for biogenesis of autophagosomal membrane during spermiogenesisin vivo. | although autophagosome formation has attracted substantial attention, the origin and the source of the autophagosomal membrane remains unresolved. the present study was designed to investigatein vivosubcellular evidence for the biogenesis of autophagosomal membrane during spermiogenesis using transmission-electron microscopy (tem), western blots and immunohistochemistry in samples from the chinese soft-shelled turtle. the testis expressed lc3-ii protein, which was located within spermatids at di ... | 2016 | 27803675 |
| antioxidant responses in hibernating chinese soft-shelled turtle pelodiscus sinensis hatchlings. | the antioxidant defense system protects turtles from oxidative stress during hibernation. the present study examined changes of the antioxidant enzymes both on mrna level and enzyme activity level during hibernation of chinese soft-shelled turtle pelodiscus sinensis hatchlings. the upstream regulator nf-e2 related factor 2 (nrf2) mrna was also measured. samples were taken at pre-hibernation (17.0°c, mud temperature (mt)), hibernation (5.8°c, mt) and arousal (20.1°c, mt). nrf2 exhibited a tissue- ... | 2017 | 27816518 |
| blood flukes of asiatic softshell turtles: revision of coeuritrema mehra, 1933 (digenea: schistosomatoidea) and a new species infecting chinese softshell turtles, pelodiscus sinensis (trionychidae), from vietnam. | coeuritrema mehra, 1933, previously regarded as a junior subjective synonym of hapalorhynchus stunkard, 1922, herein is revised to include coeuritrema lyssimus mehra, 1933 (type species), coeuritrema rugatus (brooks et sullivan, 1981) comb. n., and coeuritrema platti roberts et bullard sp. n. these genera are morphologically similar by having a ventral sucker, non-fused caeca, two testes, a pre-testicular cirrus sac, an intertesticular ovary, and a common genital pore that opens dorsally and in ... | 2016 | 27827338 |
| identification, eukaryotic expression and structure & function characterizations of β-defensin like homologues from pelodiscus sinensis. | defensins are a group of host defense peptides that play a central role in host innate immune responses. here, 26 genes encoding β-defensin-like peptides have been identified for the first time in pelodiscus sinensis using database mining approach. phylogenetic study confirmed that β-defensins are fast evolving genes with high rates of sequence substitutions. the expression level of several selected genes in different tissues was examined by rt-pcr. ps-bds mainly adopt β-strands and/or α-helix c ... | 2017 | 27890597 |
| effects of acute cold exposure on oxidative balance and total antioxidant capacity in juvenile chinese soft-shelled turtle, pelodiscus sinensis. | acute cold exposure may disturb the physiological homeostasis of the body in ectotherms. to date, there has been no information on the effects of cold exposure on homeostasis of reactive oxygen species (ros) or antioxidant defense response in the chinese soft-shelled turtle, pelodiscus sinensis. in this study, p. sinensis juveniles were acclimated at 28 °c, transferred to 8 °c as cold exposure for 12 h, then moved back to 28 °c rewarming for 24 h. we measured the ros level and total antioxidant ... | 2017 | 27991724 |
| de novo transcriptome analysis reveals insights into different mechanisms of growth and immunity in a chinese soft-shelled turtle hybrid and the parental varieties. | the chinese soft-shelled turtle (pelodiscus sinensis) is a highly important freshwater aquaculture species in china. the molecular mechanisms underlying changes in immunity and growth in hybrid vigor are not well understood. in the present study, the transcriptomes from significantly different p. sinensis strains (qingxi black turtle, b and japanese strain, j) and the resulting hybrid (zajiao-1, f) were sequenced using an illumina sequencing platform. differentially expressed genes (degs) betwee ... | 2017 | 27993704 |
| antimicrobial effects of novel peptides cot2 and sot2 derived from crocodylus siamensis and pelodiscus sinensis ovotransferrins. | in light of the increasing threat of bacterial drug resistance to human health on a global scale, research and development of antimicrobial peptides as a novel class of potent antibiotics has gained considerable attention. the present study focuses on the structural evaluation and membrane interaction of two new cationic antimicrobial peptides, cot2 and sot2, derived from siamese crocodile (crocodylus siamensis) and chinese softshell turtle (pelodiscus sinensis) ovotransferrins. here, cot1 (+3) ... | 2017 | 28159460 |
| glutathione redox balance in hibernating chinese soft-shelled turtle pelodiscus sinensis hatchlings. | glutathione (gsh) system is a critical component of antioxidant defense, which is important for hibernating survive of turtle hatchlings. the present work measured changes at the mrna level of genes involved in gsh synthesis, gsh reduction and gsh utilization, as well as enzyme activity, in pelodiscus sinensis hatchlings during hibernation. samples were taken in the field at pre-hibernation (17°c, mud temperature (mt)), hibernation (5.8°c, mt) and arousal (20.1°c, mt). cerebral total gsh content ... | 2017 | 28216338 |
| cellular evidence of exosomes in the reproductive tract of chinese soft-shelled turtle pelodiscus sinensis. | the oviduct is a location of egg production, fertilization, and sperm storage. while its secretions have broadly attributes toward different physiological functions. we examined the ultrastructure of oviduct epithelium and glands in relation to the secretions, particularly with exosomes origin in chinese soft-shelled turtle pelodiscus sinensis using immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy. the ciliated epithelial and gland cells were involved in the release of exosomes and secr ... | 2017 | 28217961 |
| towards binding mechanism of cu2+ on creatine kinase from pelodiscus sinensis: molecular dynamics simulation integrating inhibition kinetics study. | cu2+ is well known to play important roles in living organisms having bifacial distinction: essential microelement that is necessary for a wide range of metabolic processes but hyper-accumulation of cu2+ can be toxic. the physiological function of cu2+ in ectothermic animals such as pelodiscus sinensis (chinese soft-shelled turtle) has not been elucidated. | 2017 | 28245755 |
| effect of ultrasound assisted extraction on the physicochemical and functional properties of collagen from soft-shelled turtle calipash. | the aim of the present study was to evaluate the physicochemical and functional properties of acid-soluble collagen by ultrasound assisted extraction (uasc) from calipash of soft-shelled turtle (pelodiscus sinensis). the results showed the collagen content was increased by 16.3% in uasc over the collagen from the conventional extraction (asc). both asc and uasc contained a moderate amount of imino acid (197 and 216 residues/1000 residues, respectively) and hydrophobic amino acid (353 and 391 res ... | 2017 | 28267613 |
| division of chinese soft-shelled turtle intestine with molecular markers is slightly different from the morphological and histological observation. | the chinese soft-shelled turtle (pelodiscus sinensis) is a commercially important species in asian countries. knowledge of its nutritional requirements and physiology is essential for determining the appropriate content of the feed for this animal. however, the lack of functional characterization of the intestine of this turtle limits the understanding of its absorption and utilization of nutritional materials. to solve this problem, this work utilized anatomical and histological methods to char ... | 2018 | 28271603 |
| hydrogen peroxide (h2o2) irreversibly inactivates creatine kinase from pelodiscus sinensis by targeting the active site cysteine. | creatine kinase (ec 2.7.3.2, ck) plays an important role in cellular energy metabolism and homeostasis by catalysing the transfer of phosphate between atp and creatine phosphate. in this study, we investigated the effects of h2o2on psckm (muscle type creatine kinase from pelodiscus sinensis) by the integrating method between enzyme kinetics and docking simulations. we found that h2o2strongly inactivated psckm (ic50=0.25mm) in a first-order kinetic process, and targeted the active site cysteine d ... | 2017 | 28279764 |
| molecular and cellular mechanisms of apoptosis during dissociated spermatogenesis. | apoptosis is a tightly controlled process by which tissues eliminate unwanted cells. spontaneous germ cell apoptosis in testis has been broadly investigated in mammals that have an associated spermatogenesis pattern. however, the mechanism of germ cell apoptosis in seasonally breeding reptiles following a dissociated spermatogenesis has remained enigmatic. in the present study, morphological evidence has clearly confirmed the dissociated spermatogenesis pattern inpelodiscus sinensis. tunel and t ... | 2017 | 28424629 |
| constant temperature artificial incubation of spawned eggs in natural nests from the chinese freshwater soft-shelled turtle,tryonyx sinensisstrauch(1862). | on june 14, 2008 (the first experiment) and july 24, 2008 (the second experiment), the shores of the boseong river and the sandy beaches, seokgok-myun, moksadong-myun, gokseong-gun in jeollanam province were investigated and a total of 29 soft-shelled turtle (tryonyx sinensis) eggs in the natural spawning nest eggs were collected (13 eggs were collected in the first experiment and 16 eggs in the second experiment). the temperatures in the natural spawning nests were 25.9-36.9±0.5℃, the depth of ... | 2017 | 28484749 |
| reduced egg shell permeability affects embryonic development and hatchling traits in lycodon rufozonatum and pelodiscus sinensis. | the response of embryos to unpredictable hypoxia is critical for successful embryonic development, yet there remain significant gaps in our understanding of such responses in reptiles with different types of egg shell. we experimentally generated external regional hypoxia by sealing either the upper half or bottom half of the surface area of eggs in 2 species of reptiles (snake [lycodon rufozonatum] with parchment egg shell and chinese soft-shelled turtle [pelodiscus sinensis] with rigid egg she ... | 2018 | 28504478 |
| entosis acts as a novel way within sertoli cells to eliminate spermatozoa in seminiferous tubule. | the present study was designed to investigate the hypothesis thatin vivoentosis is a novel pathway for eliminating spermatozoa in the seminiferous tubules (st) during hibernation of the chinese soft-shelled turtle. western blot analysis revealed that the expression of lamp1 in the testis was significantly higher during hibernation than that during non-hibernation. immunohistochemistry reaction showed that lamp1-positive substance was distributed within the sertoli cells of the testis. further ex ... | 2017 | 28611685 |
| dmrt1 is required for primary male sexual differentiation in chinese soft-shelled turtle pelodiscus sinensis. | in vertebrates, the primary sex-determining signals that initiate sexual development are remarkably diverse, ranging from complete genetic to environmental cues. however, no sex determination-related genes have been functionally identified in reptiles. here, we characterized a conserved dm domain gene, dmrt1, in chinese soft-shelled turtle pelodiscus sinensis (p. sinensis), which exhibits zz/zw sex chromosomes. dmrt1 exhibited early male-specific embryonic expression, preceding the onset of gona ... | 2017 | 28667307 |
| the effect of high fat diet on daily rhythm of the core clock genes and muscle functional genes in the skeletal muscle of chinese soft-shelled turtle (trionyx sinensis). | in the present study, we sought to investigate the influence of high fat diet on the core clock genes and the muscle functional genes daily expression in the skeletal muscle of chinese soft-shelled turtle. the turtles were fed by two diets including a control fat diet (the con treatment, 7.98% lipid) and a high fat diet (the hfd treatment, 13.86% lipid) for six weeks and administrated by the photophase regimen of 24h light/dark (12l:12d) cycle. after the feeding trial experiment, we measured the ... | 2017 | 28729066 |
| number of olfactory receptor neurons in the chinese soft-shelled turtle. | the olfactory organ of turtle consists of the upper chamber epithelium (uce) and the lower chamber epithelium (lce), detecting air-borne odorants and water-borne odorants, respectively. in this study, we investigated the number of olfactory receptor neurons (orns) in the uce and lce of soft-shelled turtle in order to find their possible differences among terrestrial, semi-aquatic and highly-aquatic turtles. the number of orns in the soft-shelled turtle was higher in the lce than in the uce, sugg ... | 2017 | 28781329 |