| amino acid sequences of the alpha and beta chains of adult hemoglobin of the brown lemur, lemur fulvus fulvus. | globin prepared from hemoglobin of the brown lemur (lemur fulvus fulvus) was separated into alpha and beta chains by chromatography on a cm 52 column. the s-aminoethylated alpha and beta chains were each digested with trypsin and resulting peptides were isolated. the amino acid sequences of the tryptic peptides were established. the ordering of these peptides in the alpha and beta chains was deduced from the homology of their amino acid sequences with that of human adult hemoglobin. the primary ... | 1979 | 107155 |
| codominant autosomal inheritance of polymorphic red cell acid phosphates of lemurs and some properties of the enzymes. | red cell acid phosphatase phenotypes of 207 captive animals of the genera lemur, hapalemur, and prophithecus were determined by starch gel electrophoresis and phosphatase-specific staining. in lemur fulvus, three phenotypes, designated a, b, and ab, were observed. in each of the species l. catta, l. macaco, l. mongoz, and l. variegatus, a single phenotype was observed, in hapalemur griseus, three phenotypes were found: a,b, and ab. in propithecus verreauxi, a single phenotype was found. examinat ... | 1977 | 406895 |
| chromosomal evolution in malagasy lemurs. i. chromosome banding studies in the genuses lemur and micrcebus. | the successive use of several banding methods permitted us to compare the karyotypes of six malagasy lemurs: microcebus murinus, lemur fulvus fulvus, l. f. collaris, l. f. albocollaris, l. macaco, and l. mongoz. a correspondence can be found among all clearly identifiable chromosomes. based on rearrangements of some of the chromosomes, the karyotype of m. murinus seems to be closest to that of the hypothetical common ancestor. the karyotype of l. f fulvus, which is nearly identical to that of m. ... | 1976 | 828095 |
| confirmation, via in situ hybridization, of the occurrence of robertsonian translocations during lemur evolution by localization of gludp1 dna sequences on lemur chromosomes. | a human genomic dna sequence derived from glutamate dehydrogenase pseudogene 1 was used as a probe for in situ hybridization to the chromosomes of three lemur species, eulemur fulvus mayottensis (efu), e. macaco macaco (ema), and e. coronatus (eco). this sequence, which is 98% homologous to the nucleotide sequence of the gene for human glutamate dehydrogenase (glud), was found on homologous bands of three morphologically similar chromosome segments, efu14, ema5p, and eco8q, confirming that diffe ... | 1991 | 1855394 |
| [reactions to mirror in three species of lemurs (lemur fulvus, l. macaco, l. catta)]. | reactions when confronted with their own reflection in a mirror were observed in three captive groups of lemurs: l. fulvus, l. macaco and l. catta. the ability of a mirror to induce social facilitation of drinking was also studied in one individual of each species. as previously observed in monkeys, the three groups of lemurs showed much more attention to the mirror than to a non-reflective surface, especially nasal contacts. only l. fulvus showed habituation to the mirror with successive presen ... | 1991 | 1908743 |
| a molecular view of primate phylogeny and important systematic and evolutionary questions. | phylogenetic analysis of extensive nucleotide sequence data from primate beta-globin gene clusters elucidates the systematics and evolution of the order primates and reveals that rates of accumulation of mutations vary by as much as a factor of seven among different primate lineages. the picture of primate phylogeny from dna sequences clarifies many ambiguities of the morphological picture. in the molecular picture, dwarf and brown lemurs group together into superfamily lemuroidea, lemuroidea an ... | 1989 | 2488474 |
| [plasmodia of lemurs in madagascar]. | lemur macaco macaco from ambanja region was found polyparasitized by four different species of plasmodium: --plasmodium coulangesi recently described by lepers et al. (1989). --p. bucki n. sp.: its main differential characterisitics are the large numvber (32) of merozoites produced in mature schizonts and the stippling, resembling maurer's dots, in an hypertrophied pinkish erythrocyte. --p. percygarnhami n. sp. (= p. girardi sensu uilenberg, 1970 pro parte and sensu garnham et uilenberg, 1975 pr ... | 1989 | 2764452 |
| ecology and conservation of the crowned lemur, lemur coronatus, at ankarana, n. madagascar. with notes on sanford's lemur, other sympatrics and subfossil lemurs. | forests of ankarana limestone massif in northern madagascar support one of the largest and least disturbed populations of crowned lemurs, lemur coronatus. this paper reports a preliminary study of the ecology of this species in the ankarana special reserve conducted at the end of the dry season in 1986, with additional information collected a year later. crowned lemurs occur in very high densities in the semi-deciduous canopy forest and this probably represents a dry season refuge for the specie ... | 1989 | 2807091 |
| arboviruses and lemurs in madagascar: experimental infection of lemur fulvus with yellow fever and west nile viruses. | in previous serological surveys of lemurs in madagascar, antibodies against flaviviruses were frequently detected. to examine the epidemiological role of lemur fulvus, experimental infections with yellow fever (yf) virus and west nile (wn) virus were performed. yf and wn infections were clinically unapparent. a 3 to 4-day-long viremia, with moderate levels was observed with yf virus. wn virus, especially the strain isolated in madagascar, provoked a 4 to 6-day-long viremia sufficient to infect a ... | 1985 | 2862804 |
| nucleotide sequence analysis of the lemur beta-globin gene family: evidence for major rate fluctuations in globin polypeptide evolution. | lemur beta-related globin genes have been isolated and sequenced. orthology of prosimian and human epsilon-, gamma-, and beta-related globin genes was established by dot-matrix analysis. all of these lemur globin genes potentially encode functional beta-related globin polypeptides, though precisely when the gamma-globin gene is expressed remains unknown. the organization of the 18-kb brown lemur beta-globin gene cluster (5' epsilon-gamma-[psi eta-delta]-beta 3') is consistent with its evolution ... | 1986 | 3444413 |
| [trial of experimental infection of lemur fulvus fulvus by the influenza virus a/urss/90/77(h1n1)]. | | 1982 | 6312909 |
| [arboviruses and lemurs in madagascar: experimental infection of lemur fulvus with attenuated strains of yellow fever virus]. | experimental infections of the malagasy lemur fulvus have been carried out with two yellow fever virus attenuated strains (17d and fnv vaccine strains). a viremia is detected, with fnv virus only, between the 1rst and 11th day after inoculation. haemagglutination inhibiting, complement fixing and neutralizing antibodies appear around the 10th day; the study of their dynamics shows their persistence through less than 6 months. these preliminary experiments are the first of a series of infections ... | 1984 | 6488418 |
| a dna fragment from the human x chromosome short arm which detects a partially homologous sequence on the y chromosomes long arm. | an x linked human dna fragment (named dxs31 ) which detects partially homologous sequences on the y chromosome has been isolated. regional localisation of the two sex linked sequences was determined using a panel of rodent-human somatic cell hybrids. the x specific sequence is located at the tip of the short arm ( xp22 .3-pter), i.e. within or close to the region which pairs with the y chromosome short arm at meiosis. however the y specific sequence is located in the heterochromatic region of th ... | 1984 | 6728677 |
| gross structure and function of the quadriceps femoris in lemur fulvus: an analysis based on telemetered electromyography. | analysis based on telemetered electromyography from the quadriceps femoris of lemur fulvus, a malagasy prosimian, during walking, galloping, leaping, and a variety of postural behaviors partially confirms and partially contradicts earlier hypothesized functions of this musculoskeletal complex. as predicted on the basis of morphological criteria (large physiological cross-section and long parallel fibers), the vastus lateralis is of special functional significance in leaping. this relatively larg ... | 1980 | 6771412 |
| prosimian hemoglobins i. the primary structure of the beta-globin chain of lemur catta. | the primary structure of the beta chain from the hemoglobin of a prosimian primate, lemur catta, has been determined by automated edman degradation of intact polypeptide chain and fragments produced by tryptic, cyanogen bromide and acid cleavage, and by homology with the sequence of lemur fulvus. the sequence presented here differs from the human beta-globin sequence at 26 sites. this is the same degree of divergence previously reported for the beta-globin chain of lemur fulvus. the sequences of ... | 1983 | 6841124 |
| population and troop ranges of lemur catta and lemur fulvus at berenty, madagascar: 1980 census. | the november 1980 census suggests that population size and troop ranges have remained stable since 1972 and in a small area since 1963. this prolongs the apparent stability described by some authors, remarkable in a 200-ha reserve containing a maximum of 300 lemur catta. however, inadvertent introduction of lemur fulvus rufus and apparent loss of tamarind trees, as well as general genetic and biogeographic considerations, imply this stability may not continue. berently underlines the need for lo ... | 1982 | 7141348 |
| comparative and functional myology of the prehensile tail in new world monkeys. | the caudal myology of prehensile-tailed monkeys (cebus apella, alouatta palliata, alouatta seniculus, lagothrix lagotricha, and ateles paniscus) and nonprehensile-tailed primates (eulemur fulvus, aotus trivirgatus, callithrix jacchus, pithecia pithecia, saimiri sciureus, macaca fascicularis, and cercopithecus aethiops) was examined and compared in order to identify muscular differences that correlate with osteological features diagnostic of tail prehensility. in addition, electrophysiological st ... | 1995 | 7595958 |
| evidence for nonseasonal reproduction in wild aye-ayes (daubentonia madagascariensis). | the lemurs of madagascar typically exhibit a strictly seasonal pattern of breeding, with a limited number of successive estrous cycles occurring at a particular time of the year, which varies from species to species. previous reports indicated that aye-ayes also exhibit such a strictly seasonal polyestrous pattern. data from the author's 2-year field study of aye-ayes on the island of nosy mangabe, combined with information from recently initiated captive breeding programs, now indicate that thi ... | 1994 | 7721208 |
| enamel microstructure in lemuridae (mammalia, primates): assessment of variability. | this study describes the molar enamel microstructure of seven lemurid primates: hapalemur griseus, varecia variegata, lemur catta, lemur macaco, lemur fulvus rufus, lemur fulvus fulvus, and lemur fulvus albifrons. contrary to earlier accounts, which reported little or no prism decussation in lemurid enamel, both lemur and varecia molars contain a prominent inner layer of decussating prisms (hunter-schreger bands), in addition to an outer radial prism layer, and a thin, nonprismatic enamel surfac ... | 1994 | 7802097 |
| evolution of alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase 1 peroxisomal and mitochondrial targeting. a survey of its subcellular distribution in the livers of various representatives of the classes mammalia, aves and amphibia. | as part of a wider study on the molecular evolution of alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase 1 (agt1) intracellular compartmentalization, we have determined the subcellular distribution of immunoreactive agt1, using postembedding protein a-gold immunoelectron microscopy, in the livers of various members of the classes mammalia, aves, and amphibia. as far as organellar distribution is concerned, three categories could be distinguished. in members of the first category (type i), all, or nearly all, ... | 1994 | 7813517 |
| length polymorphism of a microsatellite in human and non human primates. | microsatellites are tandem repeats of short sequences elements (most often ca repeats) interspersed in many genomes and which frequently show multiallele polymorphism. they have proved invaluable for genomic mapping in man and other species and may be used for evolutionary studies provided that the available primers can be used in different species. the dystrophin gene, which shows high sequence conservation between man, rodents and chicken contains such polymorphic ca repeats. using the oligonu ... | 1994 | 7882159 |
| prosimian mhc-dqb allelic polymorphisms. | in this report the first description of mhc-dqb homologues in prosimians, the lemurs (lemur fulvus sanfordi) and galagos (galago garnetti and g. senegalensis moholi), is presented. in these species the class ii alleles are similar to their human counterparts, in that the number and position of substitutions are analogous to the substitutions among various human dqb alleles. presence of allelic variants for both dqb1 and dqb2 in all three species of prosimians studied suggests that the divergence ... | 1994 | 8031573 |
| the origin of the primate mhc-drb genes and allelic lineages as deduced from the study of prosimians. | mhc class ii genes of the drb family were partially sequenced from 10 individuals representing six species of prosimians: galago senegalensis, g. moholi, otolemur garnetti, loris tardigradus, petterus (lemur) fulvus, and lemur catta. altogether, 41 different genes were discerned, all distinct from genes identified previously. comparative analysis of the sequences has led to the following conclusions. first, the drb loci present in human populations diverged from one another before the divergence ... | 1994 | 8157963 |
| a scanning electron-microscopic study of in vitro abrasion of mammalian tooth enamel under compressive loads. | microscopic tooth-wear (microwear) patterns can be an important tool for assessing modes and rates of abrasive tooth wear, but their analysis and interpretation is complicated by the fact that microwear is influenced by many factors. three of these factors were here tested under conditions of compressive loading: (1) species differences in enamel structure, (2) abrasive particle size and (3) magnitude of force. teeth of four species (homo sapiens, lemur fulvus, ovis aries and crocodylus rhombife ... | 1994 | 8179503 |
| comparison of highly repeated dna sequences in some lemuridae and taxonomic implications. | highly repeated dna sequences of eulemur fulvus mayottensis, e. coronatus, lemur catta, and hapalemur griseus griseus have been identified and compared. sequence analysis of highly repeated dna fragments isolated from l. catta and hapalemur showed a high percentage of similarity (nearly 95%), as did fragments isolated from the two very close eulemur species, whereas comparison of the dna fragments isolated from the two eulemur species and the l. catta/hapalemur group showed a very low percentage ... | 1993 | 8467713 |
| demonstration of homoeologies between human and lemur chromosomes by chromosome painting. | human-specific probes for chromosomes 3, 7, 9, 14, 19, and 21 were used to paint chromosomes of three lemur species: eulemur fulvus mayottensis, e. macaco macaco, and lemur catta. chromosomes 1 and 3 of e. f. mayottensis are homoeologous to human chromosomes 3, 9, 14, and 21, as previously suggested by chromosome banding. probes for human chromosomes 7 and 19 produced unexpectedly strong signals in the centromeric regions of all lemur chromosomes, suggesting that sequences homologous to nonrepea ... | 1996 | 8565634 |
| ecological correlates to social structure in two lemur species in madagascar. | in this study, i tested two hypotheses regarding the relationship of ecological variables (size, density, and distribution of patches) and infant developmental patterns to lemur social structure using two prosimian primates in ranomafana, madagascar: the rufous lemur (eulemur fulvus rufus) and the red-bellied lemur (eulemur rubriventer). three predictions regarding the general effects of patch size and subgroup size on lemur feeding rates were supported: (1) rufous lemurs used large patches; red ... | 1996 | 8842323 |
| cholinergic axonal dystrophy and mitochondrial pathology in prosimian primates. | progressive cholinergic axonal dystrophy, cholinergic denervation, and generalized gliosis begin in the prosimian primate species otolemur at 10% of maximum life span. in these same animals, extensive cerebral beta-amyloidosis follows relatively more abruptly at 50% of maximum life span. in contrast, even at maximum life span, the prosimian primate species galago senegalensis moholi, microcebus murinus, and eulemur fulvus collaris and insectivore species t. belangeri are either spared or much le ... | 1996 | 8912903 |
| functional morphology of the lemuriform wrist joints and the relationship between wrist morphology and positional behavior in arboreal primates. | a comparative study of carpal joint structure and function in six malagasy lemuriforms was undertaken to test predicted morphoclines in carpal joint morphology between pronograde and orthograde arboreal primates. patterns of movement at the wrist during locomotion were observed and described for the lemuriform species lemur fulvus and propithecus verreauxi. lemur fulvus, which assumes a pronograde posture during locomotion, extends and pronates the wrist during the support phase of quadrupedal w ... | 1996 | 8967331 |
| milk composition reflects pattern of maternal care in prosimian primates. | hypothesized relationships between milk composition and life history traits were examined by analyzing mid-lactation milks of seven lemurs (eulemur fulvus, e. macaco, e. rubriventer, e. mongoz, varecia variegata, hapalemur griseus, lemur catta), three bushbabies (otolemur crassicaudatus, o. garnettii, galago moholi), and two lorises (nycticebus coucang, loris tardigradus); partial data were also obtained for the lemuroid cheirogaleus medius. there were no significant differences in milk composit ... | 1997 | 9057965 |
| meiotic study of hybrids in the genus eulemur and taxonomic considerations. | a reproductive study was conducted on seven hybrids of eulemur showing chromosomal multivalents involving at least four chromosomes at the pachytene stage. three individuals were infertile hybrids and one presented a reduced spermatogenesis. in three out of these four hybrids, multivalents were associated with the sex bivalent in a large number of spermatocytes (23%). the relative importance of the reduction of fertility in males linked to chromosomal multivalent formation as well as the genetic ... | 1997 | 9209588 |
| special relationships instead of female dominance for redfronted lemurs, eulemur fulvus rufus. | most lemurs yet studied in detail exhibit some mode of adult female social dominance over males. the known exception, a brown lemur subspecies known as rufous or redfronted lemurs (eulemur fulvus rufus), forms multimale-multifemale social groups within which unambiguous dominance relations are not observed among adults. resting groups of redfronted lemurs consistently include huddling adult male-female pairs whose males selectively scentmark and rub their heads in the scentmarks of their female ... | 1997 | 9359967 |
| chromosome painting: a method for testing chromosomal changes in lemur evolution. | chromosome painting using commercially available human chromosome-specific dna libraries was performed to elucidate chromosomal rearrangements in lemur evolution. human-specific probes for chromosomes 3, 14, 15, and 21 were used to paint chromosomes of six species: eulemur fulvus mayottensis, varecia variegata, lemur catta, hapalemur simus, h. griseus griseus, and h. aureus. all human chromosome libraries hybridized specifically to chromosome segments of varying length or to whole arms of lemur ... | 1997 | 9371411 |
| are eulemur species pair-bonded? social organization and mating strategies in eulemur fulvus rufus from 1988-1995 in southeast madagascar. | strong social relationships have been reported between adult male and female prosimian primates in the genera eulemur and varecia and have been referred to as "pair-bonding." it has been hypothesized that females benefit from these affiliative relationships with an adult male by having protection against infanticidal males, implying that the male member of the dyad also is the father of her offspring. i evaluated this hypothesis and whether or not the term pair-bond was appropriate by using fiel ... | 1998 | 9511911 |
| seed handling by three prosimian primates in southeastern madagascar: implications for seed dispersal. | in this paper, we studied three species of prosimian primate (propithecus diadema edwardsi, eulemur fulvus rufus, and eulemur rubriventer) from june-july 1995 at the ranomafana national park to answer three questions: 1) how they handle and process seeds, 2) how the physical properties of seeds influence seed handling and seed fate, and 3) whether handling and processing patterns influence seed dispersal. seeds from five plant species were collected from feces and examined for external damage (p ... | 1998 | 9573443 |
| prion immunoreactivity in brain, tonsil, gastrointestinal epithelial cells, and blood and lymph vessels in lemurian zoo primates with spongiform encephalopathy. | we report on two animals of a non-human primate species eulemur fulvus mayottensis, housed in the local zoo and fed over a number of years with a food containing cattle meat, that developed serious neurological symptoms associated with prion immunoreactivity in brain and various viscera. microscopy of the brains showed neuronal vacuolation with patchy/perivacuolar immunolabelling with an abnormal isoform of prion protein (ir-prp), an important characteristic of spongiform encephalopathy. for the ... | 1997 | 9587475 |
| evolution of the primate androgen receptor: a structural basis for disease. | androgen effects mediated by the androgen receptor (ar) are essential for male reproductive development and virilization. comparison of ar dna coding sequence from five primate species, homo sapiens (human), pan troglodytes (chimpanzee), papio hamadryas (baboon), macaca fascicularis (macaque), and eulemur fulvus collaris (collared brown lemur), supports their phylogeny with complete conservation of the dna and steroid binding domain protein sequence. a linear increase in trinucleotide repeat exp ... | 1998 | 9732460 |
| the primates of the baly bay area, north-western madagascar. | primate surveys were conducted in isolated primary west malagasy decidous forest blocks around baly bay, north-western madagascar. eight species of primate were found, including microcebus c.f. myoxinus, hapalemur griseus occidentalis and phaner furcifer. two species were found only in namoroka strict nature reserve, which may mean that other forest blocks in the area have experienced primate extinctions. the record of m. c.f. myoxinus came from mangrove, the first confirmed record of a lemur fr ... | 1998 | 9885334 |
| census of brown lemurs (eulemur fulvus sspp.) in southeastern madagascar: methods-testing and conservation implications. | four forest areas were censused in southeastern madagascar from june-august 1995 to estimate local population densities and habitat conditions for two threatened subspecies of brown lemur (eulemur fulvus collaris and eulemur fulvus albocollaris). survey transects varied in length (1-3.5 km) and in surveillance frequency (three to seven times). additional test surveys were conducted at the parc national de ranomafana to compare transect methods in an area with known population densities of eulemu ... | 1999 | 9888721 |
| life history of eulemur fulvus rufus from 1988-1998 in southeastern madagascar. | in this study, we compare the life-history patterns of male and female eulemur fulvus rufus based on longitudinal data collected on individuals from two study groups from 1988-1998 in southeastern madagascar. mean group size was 9.5 individuals, and groups either contained more adult males than females or equal numbers of both sexes. females reproduced for the first time between 2 and 4 years of age and reproduced each year, although the mean interbirth interval between surviving offspring was 2 ... | 1999 | 10096681 |
| cineradiographic study of forelimb movements during quadrupedal walking in the brown lemur (eulemur fulvus, primates: lemuridae). | movements of forelimb joints and segments during walking in the brown lemur (eulemur fulvus) were analyzed using cineradiography (150 frames/sec). metric gait parameters, forelimb kinematics, and intralimb coordination are described. calculation of contribution of segment displacements to stance propulsion shows that scapular retroversion in a fulcrum near the vertebral border causes more than 60% of propulsion. the contribution by the shoulder joint is 30%, elbow joint 5%, and wrist joint 1%. c ... | 2000 | 10640950 |
| "rodent-like" and "primate-like" types of astroglial architecture in the adult cerebral cortex of mammals: a comparative study. | previous observations disclosed that astroglia with interlaminar processes were present in the cerebral cortex of adult new and old world monkeys, but not in the rat, and scarcely in the prosimian microcebus murinus. the present report is a more systematic and comprehensive comparative analysis of the occurrence of such processes in the cerebral cortex of several mammalian species. brain samples were obtained from adult individuals from the following orders: carnivora (canine), rodentia (rat and ... | 2000 | 10672363 |
| niche separation in varecia variegata rubra and eulemur fulvus albifrons: i. interspecific patterns. | niche separation was documented in a year-long study of varecia variegata rubra and eulemur fulvus albifrons on the masoala peninsula, madagascar. feeding trees were measured, and diet, forest height, and forest site were recorded at 5-min time points on focal animals. for time point data, multivariate and bivariate analysis of frequencies was employed to examine how niche dimensions vary between species according to sex, season, and reproductive stage. v. v. rubra feeds in larger trees than e. ... | 2000 | 10861356 |
| nocturnal activity in the cathemeral red-fronted lemur (eulemur fulvus rufus), with observations during a lunar eclipse. | several ecological and physiological factors have been suggested to structure circadian activity in cathemeral primates, i.e., those that are regularly active both day and night, but their relative importance remains controversial. we studied the nocturnal activity of a group of cathemeral redfronted lemurs (eulemur fulvus rufus) in kirindy forest in western madagascar to examine its relationship with one environmental factor, ambient light levels, in detail. to this end, nightly travel distance ... | 2001 | 11170168 |
| genetic assessment of a white-collared x red-fronted lemur hybrid zone at andringitra, madagascar. | we examined a purported lemur (eulemur fulvus rufusxe. albocollaris) hybrid zone at andringitra, madagascar, using sequences from five genes (one mitochondrial gene (d-loop) and four nuclear introns (hemopexin, malic enzyme, ceruloplasmin, and microsatellite 26 flanking region)), from 60 individuals (e. albocollaris (n = 16), e.f. rufus (n = 14), e. collaris (n = 9), and purported hybrids from andringitra (n = 21)). diagnostic (d-loop and microsatellite 26) and private sites (all other genes) we ... | 2002 | 12111681 |
| fecal inoculum can be used to determine the rate and extent of in vitro fermentation of dietary fiber sources across three lemur species that differ in dietary profile: varecia variegata, eulemur fulvus and hapalemur griseus. | to estimate fermentative capacity among lemur species, four fiber substrates were tested across three species, eulemur fulvus, hapalemur griseus and varecia variegata. the substrates, cellulose, beet pulp, citrus pulp and citrus pectin, ranged in composition from completely insoluble fiber (if) to completely soluble fiber (sf), respectively. the lemurs consumed a nutritionally complete biscuit formulated for primates [85 g/100 g diet dry matter (dm)] and locally available produce (15 g/100 g die ... | 2002 | 12368398 |
| predation by eulemur fulvus fulvus on a nestling of terpsiphone mutata (aves: monarchidae) in dry forest in north-western madagascar. | | 2002 | 12399662 |
| intersexual dominance, masculinized genitals and prenatal steroids: comparative data from lemurid primates. | masculinization of female genitalia and female intersexual dominance distinguish spotted hyenas (crocuta crocuta) and malagasy primates (lemuriformes) from most other mammals. an unusual prenatal endocrine environment has been proposed to proximately underlie the development of these traits in hyenas. to examine whether female dominance and genital masculinization are similarly enhanced by the prenatal environment in lemurid primates, we measured androgen and estrogen excretion in pregnant wild ... | 2003 | 12649757 |
| a molecular approach to comparative phylogeography of extant malagasy lemurs. | the lemurs of madagascar provide an excellent model for exploring evolutionary diversification. this study investigates genetic divergence among most extant lemur taxa in relation to potential geographical boundaries to gene flow. for this purpose, approximately 2,400 bp of mitochondrial dna (part of the coiii gene; nd3, nd4l, and nd4 genes; and five trnas) were sequenced in a total of 131 lemurs from 5 families, 12 genera, 25 species, and 18 subspecies to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships ... | 2003 | 12719521 |
| tree dispersal strategies in the littoral forest of sainte luce (se-madagascar). | zoochory is the most common mode of seed dispersal for the majority of plant species in the tropics. based on the assumption of tight plant-animal interactions several hypotheses have been developed to investigate the origin of life history traits of plant diaspores and their dispersers, such as species-specific co-evolution, the low/high investment model (low investment in single fruits but massive fruiting to attract many different frugivores versus high investment in single fruits and fruit p ... | 2004 | 15095087 |
| characterizing gastrointestinal transit time in four lemur species using barium-impregnated polyethylene spheres (bips). | differences in dietary profiles and gastrointestinal (gi) morphologies observed across lemur species suggest that there may be variation in patterns of digesta flow through the gi tract related to the method of digesta processing. using radio-opaque barium-impregnated polyethylene spheres (bips), we characterized such patterns in four lemur species: varecia variegata (vv), eulemur fulvus (ef), propithecus verreauxi (pv), and hapalemur griseus (hg) (n = 2 per species). after an initial radiograph ... | 2004 | 15538763 |
| use of total dietary fiber across four lemur species (propithecus verreauxi coquereli, hapalemur griseus griseus, varecia variegata, and eulemur fulvus): does fiber type affect digestive efficiency? | in vivo digestibility and transit of two experimental diets were compared across four lemur species for which gastrointestinal morphology and preliminary data on physiology differ:varecia variegata (vv), eulemur fulvus (ef), propithecus verreauxi (pv), and hapalemur griseus (hg). since free-ranging groups consume varied amounts of slowly fermentable insoluble fiber (if) and rapidly fermentable soluble fiber (sf), differences in digestibility may be related to variation in the fiber types consume ... | 2004 | 15538767 |
| expectations about numerical events in four lemur species (eulemur fulvus, eulemur mongoz, lemur catta and varecia rubra). | although much is known about how some primates--in particular, monkeys and apes--represent and enumerate different numbers of objects, very little is known about the numerical abilities of prosimian primates. here, we explore how four lemur species (eulemur fulvus, e. mongoz, lemur catta, and varecia rubra) represent small numbers of objects. specifically, we presented lemurs with three expectancy violation looking time experiments aimed at exploring their expectations about a simple 1+1 additio ... | 2005 | 15729569 |
| hind limb proportions and kinematics: are small primates different from other small mammals? | similar in body size, locomotor behaviour and morphology to the last common ancestor of primates, living small quadrupedal primates provide a convenient model for investigating the evolution of primate locomotion. in this study, the hind limb kinematics of quadrupedal walking in mouse lemurs, brown lemurs, cotton-top tamarins and squirrel monkeys are analysed using cineradiography. the scaling of hind limb length to body size and the intralimb proportions of the three-segmented hind limb are tak ... | 2005 | 16109897 |
| edge effects and their influence on lemur density and distribution in southeast madagascar. | edge effects are caused by the penetration of abiotic and biotic conditions from the matrix into forest interiors. although edge effects influence the biogeography of many tropical organisms, they have not been studied directly in primates. edge effects are particularly relevant to lemurs due to the loss of 80-90% of forests in madagascar. in this study, data are presented on how biotic edge effects influenced the distribution and density of lemurs in the vohibola iii classified forest in southe ... | 2006 | 16323178 |
| the concept of cathemerality: history and definition. | during a field study in 1974 it was noticed, and further fieldwork in 1977 and 1980 confirmed, that the activity of the mayotte lemur, eulemur fulvus fulvus, is distributed fairly evenly throughout the daily 24-hour cycle: by a very crude approximation the daytime activity:rest ratio averages 0.271, while the night-time ratio averages 0.283. in 1978 i proposed the new word 'cathemeral', compounded from the greek roots kappaalphataualpha (through) and etamuepsilonrhoalpha (the day), to describe t ... | 2006 | 16415574 |
| chronobiological background to cathemerality: circadian rhythms in eulemur fulvus albifrons (prosimii) and aotus azarai boliviensis (anthropoidea). | cathemeral activity, in which the animals' motor activity is almost evenly distributed throughout the dark and the light portion of the day, has been described in various lemur genera (eulemur, hapalemur) and in the owl monkey aotus azarai of the argentinean chaco. proximate and ultimate factors responsible for this behaviour are still being debated. however, the chronobiological background of the behaviour has largely been ignored. we studied e. fulvus albifrons and a. a. boliviensis under cont ... | 2006 | 16415579 |
| influence of abiotic factors on cathemeral activity: the case of eulemur fulvus collaris in the littoral forest of madagascar. | the role environmental factors play in influencing circadian rhythms in natural habitats is still poorly described in primates, especially for those taxa with an activity cycle extended over the 24-hour cycle. in this paper, we elucidate the importance of abiotic factors in entraining the activity of cathemeral primates, focussing on results from a long-term study of eulemur fulvus collaris (collared brown lemur) in south-eastern malagasy littoral forest. two groups of lemurs were followed for 6 ... | 2006 | 16415580 |
| spatial variations in eulemur fulvus rufus and lepilemur mustelinus densities in madagascar. | i present data on variations in eulemur fulvus rufus and lepilemur mustelinus densities as well as tree characteristics (height, diameter and stem frequency) between edge and interior forest habitats in southeastern madagascar. line transect surveys were conducted from june 2003 to november 2005 in edge and interior forest habitats in the vohibola iii classified forest. although e. f. rufus densities were significantly lower in edge habitats than in interior habitats, density estimates for l. mu ... | 2007 | 17170556 |
| habitat use and social structure of a brown lemur hybrid population in the berenty reserve, madagascar. | the population of brown lemurs has rapidly grown since their founders were introduced to the berenty reserve. the founders consist of two species (eulemur fulvus rufus and e. collaris). to characterize the behavior of the population and to examine whether these characteristics affect population growth, i investigated the habitat use and social structure of the population of brown lemurs at berenty (berenty eulemur). behavior data were collected focusing on horizontal and vertical habitat use, ac ... | 2007 | 17294429 |
| biomedical evaluation of two sympatric lemur species (propithecus verreauxi deckeni and eulemur fulvus rufus) in tsiombokibo classified forest, madagascar. | complete medical examinations were performed on 20 wild decken's sifaka (propithecus verreauxi deckeni) and 20 wild red-fronted brown lemurs (eulemurfulvus rufus) from western madagascar. each animal received a complete physical examination, and weight, body temperature, heart rate, and respiratory rate were recorded and ectoparasites collected. blood samples were collected for complete blood cell count, differential white blood cell count, hemoparasite examination, serum biochemical profile, fa ... | 2005 | 17312713 |
| ontogeny of conspecific and heterospecific alarm call recognition in wild verreaux's sifakas (propithecus verreauxi verreauxi). | the production of vocalizations in nonhuman primates is predominantly innate, whereas learning influences the usage and comprehension of vocalizations. in this study, i examined the development of alarm call recognition in free-ranging infant verreaux's sifakas. specifically, i investigated their ability to recognize conspecific alarm calls as well as those of sympatric redfronted lemurs (eulemur fulvus rufus) in kirindy forest, western madagascar. both species have functionally referential alar ... | 2008 | 17705223 |
| can brown lemurs (eulemur fulvus) learn to deceive a human competitor? | in the present study we asked whether lemurs could learn to manipulate information in order to deceive a human competitive trainer. four brown lemurs were trained to communicate about the location of a hidden reward to a cooperative trainer, who rewarded the subject if he indicated the baited bowl. next, a competitive trainer was introduced who kept the reward for himself if the subject indicated the baited bowl. in a first experiment, sessions were randomly assigned to be with either the cooper ... | 2008 | 17876614 |
| spatial memory during foraging in prosimian primates: propithecus edwardsi and eulemur fulvus rufus. | a variety of anthropoids travel efficiently from one food source to another, although there is disagreement over how this is accomplished over large-scale space. mental maps, for example, require that animals internally represent space, geometrically locate landmarks, use true distance and direction, and generate novel shortcuts to resources. alternately, topological or route-based maps are based on a network of fixed points, landmarks and routes so that one food patch can be linked with another ... | 2008 | 18176079 |
| what is it going to be? pattern and potential function of natal coat change in sexually dichromatic redfronted lemurs (eulemur fulvus rufus). | in some primate species, pelage colorations at birth contrast with adult colorations. the intensity of natal coats and their phylogenetic distribution is highly variable within primates. natal coat coloration seems to change to adult coloration in most species when infants become independent from their mothers, but an accepted functional explanation for natal coats is not available. here we describe pelage coloration change in sexually dichromatic redfronted lemurs (eulemur fulvus rufus) in kiri ... | 2009 | 18615575 |
| object permanence in lemurs. | object permanence, the ability to mentally represent objects that have disappeared from view, should be advantageous to animals in their interaction with the natural world. the objective of this study was to examine whether lemurs possess object permanence. thirteen adult subjects representing four species of diurnal lemur (eulemur fulvus rufus, eulemur mongoz, lemur catta and hapalemur griseus) were presented with seven standard piagetian visible and invisible object displacement tests, plus on ... | 2009 | 18936991 |
| forelimb proportions and kinematics: how are small primates different from other small mammals? | the crouched limb posture of small mammals enables them to react to unexpected irregularities in the support. small arboreal primates would benefit from these kinematics in their arboreal habitat but it has been demonstrated that primates display certain differences in forelimb kinematics to other mammals. the objective of this paper is to find out whether these changes in forelimb kinematics are related to changes in body size and limb proportions. as primates descended from small ancestors, a ... | 2008 | 19043050 |
| comparison of biomedical evaluation for white-fronted brown lemurs (eulemur fulvus albifrons) from four sites in madagascar. | health and nutritional assessments of wildlife are important management tools and can provide a means to evaluate ecosystem health. such examinations were performed on 37 white-fronted brown lemurs (eulemur fulvus albifrons) from four sites in madagascar. comparison of health parameters between sites revealed statistically significant differences in body weight, body temperature, respiratory rate, hematology parameters (white cell count, hematocrit, segmented neutrophil count, and lymphocyte cou ... | 2008 | 19110698 |
| genetic analysis of hybridization and introgression between wild mongoose and brown lemurs. | hybrid zones generally represent areas of secondary contact after speciation. the nature of the interaction between genes of individuals in a hybrid zone is of interest in the study of evolutionary processes. in this study, data from nuclear microsatellites and mitochondrial dna sequences were used to genetically characterize hybridization between wild mongoose lemurs (eulemur mongoz) and brown lemurs (e. fulvus) at anjamena in west madagascar. | 2009 | 19196458 |
| anatomy and ultrasonography of the normal kidney in brown lemurs: eulemur fulvus. | the purpose of this study is to describe the anatomy and obtain echographic measurements of normal kidneys in brown lemurs (eulemur fulvus). the anatomical findings show that brown lemur kidneys are comparable to those of rats except for an elongated papilla. the kidneys of 16 (7 females and 9 males) lemurs were examined with two-dimensional and power doppler ultrasonography under general anesthesia. morphometrically, the left and right kidney surface areas are comparable (3.29 and 3.51 cm(2)). ... | 2009 | 19466749 |
| enumeration of objects and substances in non-human primates: experiments with brown lemurs (eulemur fulvus). | both human infants and adult non-human primates share the capacity to track small numbers of objects across time and occlusion. the question now facing developmental and comparative psychologists is whether similar mechanisms give rise to this capacity across the two populations. here, we explore whether non-human primates' object tracking abilities are subject to the same constraints as those of human infants. in particular, we examine whether one primate species, the brown lemur (eulemur fulvu ... | 2009 | 19840047 |
| gastro-intestinal parasites of red-fronted lemurs in kirindy forest, western madagascar. | although parasites are important regulatory factors in animal populations, basic knowledge on their fauna in many vertebrate taxa is lacking. in particular, parasite infections of primate species have gained little attention. here, i present data on the gastro-intestinal fauna of a population of wild red-fronted lemurs ( eulemur fulvus rufus; primates: lemuriformes) monitored over a total of 8 mo during 2 consecutive field seasons in 2006 and 2007 in kirindy forest, western madagascar. using fec ... | 2010 | 19954263 |
| host intrinsic determinants and potential consequences of parasite infection in free-ranging red-fronted lemurs (eulemur fulvus rufus). | parasites and infectious diseases represent ecological forces shaping animal social evolution. although empirical studies supporting this link abound in various vertebrate orders, both the study of the dynamics and impact of parasite infections and infectious diseases in strepsirrhine primates have received little empirical attention. we conducted a longitudinal parasitological study on four groups of wild red-fronted lemurs (eulemur fulvus rufus) at kirindy forest, madagascar, during two field ... | 2010 | 20091843 |
| scratching around stress: hierarchy and reconciliation make the difference in wild brown lemurs (eulemur fulvus). | the scratching-stress linkage has been demonstrated in monkeys and apes but never in strepsirrhines, either in the wild or in captivity. we analysed data collected on a 14-animal group of eulemur fulvus in the berenty forest (south madagascar, march-july 2008). we applied a protocol (same weather conditions, time slot, social/activity context, forest quadrat, and subgroup formation) involving four conditions, under which we recorded the scratching response: predation attempt, reconciled conflict ... | 2011 | 20666657 |
| a 12-month survey of gastrointestinal helminth infections of lemurs kept in two zoos in madagascar. | infections with gastrointestinal parasites may be a major threat to lemurs kept in captivity, as they are a common cause of diarrhea. in this study, fecal egg count patterns and clinical signs associated with gastrointestinal nematodes were assessed for 12 mo in 40 lemurs kept under different husbandry and climatic conditions at two sites in madagascar. involved species were black-and-white ruffed lemurs (varecia variegata), eastern grey bamboo lemurs (hapalemur griseus), greater bamboo lemurs ( ... | 2010 | 21370644 |
| experimental evidence for olfactory predator recognition in wild mouse lemurs. | although primates have remarkable olfactory capabilities, their ability for olfactory predator recognition is still understudied. we investigated this cognitive ability in wild gray and golden-brown mouse lemurs (microcebus murinus and m. ravelobensis) that were confronted with four different olfactory stimuli, derived from two malagasy predators (fossa and barn owl) and two local nonpredator species (brown lemur and sifaka). the predator response was tested (1) in a systematic cage setup and (2 ... | 2011 | 21557286 |
| Brown (Eulemur fulvus) and Ring-Tailed Lemurs (Lemur catta) Use Human Head Orientation as a Cue to Gaze Direction in a Food Choice Task. | Whilst the ability to follow human gaze has been demonstrated in monkeys and apes, there is little evidence that prosimians share this ability. The current study used a food choice paradigm to assess whether captive brown (Eulemur fulvus) and ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) use human gaze direction as a cue when choosing between an attending or non-attending human. Four experiments assessed the use of body, head and eye cues by the lemurs. In experiment 1, the non-attending human stood with her ... | 2011 | 22123170 |
| dietary and dental variations in the genus lemur, with comments concerning dietary-dental correlations among malagasy primates. | field studies of feeding in the lemur subspecies lemur fulvus rufus and l. f. mayottensis have revealed that feeding patterns within a single species can be markedly different, both regionally and seasonally. thus l. f. rufus is a dietary specialist (3 plant species accounting for 80-90% of feeding time), and is highly folivorous, especially during the dry season (90% of feeding time spent eating leaves during the dry season, and 53% during the wet season). on the other hand, l. f. mayottensis i ... | 2001 | 98050 |
| effect of ph and anions on functional properties of hemoglobin from lemur fulvus fulvus. | | 2016 | 4833745 |
| isolation and characterization of faecal bifidobacteria and lactobacilli isolated from dogs and primates. | although bifidobacteria and lactobacilli have been suggested beneficial for the host and are components of many probiotics and competitive exclusion mixtures, the knowledge on abundance, metabolic and probiotic characteristics in isolates from dogs and monkeys is still limited. the present study was aimed to isolate bifidobacterium and lactobacillus strains (faeces of 22 dogs and of 5 primates: cebus apella, eulemur fulvus, erythrocebus patas, macaca fascicularis, papio hamadryas) with the maldi ... | 2014 | 24239978 |
| gastrointestinal parasites of captive and free-living lemurs and domestic carnivores in eastern madagascar. | fecal samples from captive and free-living lemurs at ivoloina zoological park (izp) and domestic carnivores from six villages surrounding izp were evaluated between july and august 2012. free-living lemurs from betampona natural reserve (bnr), a relatively pristine rainforest fragment 40 km away, were also evaluated in november 2013. all 33 dogs sampled (100%) and 16 of 22 cats sampled (72.7%) were parasitized, predominantly with nematodes (strongyles, ascarids, and spirurids) as well as cestode ... | 2016 | 27010275 |
| splice: a technique for generating in vitro spliced coding sequences from genomic dna. | we describe a rapid and cost-effective technique for the in vitro removal of introns and other unwanted regions from genomic dna to generate a single sequence of continuous coding capacity, where tissues required for rna extraction and complementary dna synthesis are unavailable. based on an overlapping fusion-pcr strategy, we name this procedure splice (for swift pcr for ligating in vitro constructed exons). as proof-of-principle, we used splice successfully to generate a single piece of dna co ... | 2007 | 18251255 |
| niche separation of seven lemur species in the eastern rainforest of madagascar. | this study examines segregation of seven lemur species in an eastern rainforest of madagascar by a numerical analysis of microhabitats using structural and phenological data. these data are combined with the results of a previous study on food selection by these species in relation to plant chemistry. description of some 441 10×10 m(2) microhabitats yields clear separation of the frugivorous from the more folivorous guild of lemurs. within each guild there are subgroups of two species each, whic ... | 1989 | 28312866 |
| chromosomal evolution in malagasy lemurs. vii. phylogenic relationships between propithecus, avahi (indridae), microcebus (cheirogaleidae), and lemur (lemuridae). | a chromosomal banding study was carried out on propithecus verreauxi verreauxi, p. verreauxi deckeni, and avahi laniger laniger. comparison of their karyotypes with those of microcebus murinus and lemur fulvus led to reconstruction of the ancestral lemuriform karyotype and a determination that the branch leading to the indridae was isolated very early, before the separation of the lemuridae from the cheirogaleidae. the karyotype of avahi remained highly ancestral, whereas that of p. verreauxi wa ... | 1983 | 6641285 |
| ancestral loss of short wave-sensitive cone visual pigment in lorisiform prosimians, contrasting with its strict conservation in other prosimians. | mammals are basically dichromatic in color vision, possessing middle to long wave-sensitive (m/lws) and the short wave-sensitive (sws) cone opsins in the retina, whereas some nocturnal mammals lack functional sws opsins. prosimians, primitive primates consisting of three extant groups (lorisiformes, lemuriformes, and tarsiiformes), include many nocturnal species. among nocturnal prosimians, a species of lorisiforms, the greater galago (otolemur crassicaudatus), is known to lack a functional sws ... | 2004 | 15045486 |
| lateral bending of the lumbar spine during quadrupedalism in strepsirhines. | much research has been devoted to spinal kinematics of nonmammalian vertebrates, while comparatively little is known about the locomotor role of spinal movements in mammals, especially primates. this study, conducted at the duke university primate center, examines the function of lateral spinal bending during quadrupedal walking among a diverse sample of strepsirhines. the taxa studied include loris tardigradus (1), nycticebus coucang (1), n. pygmaeus (1), cheirogaleus medius (2), varecia varieg ... | 2001 | 11180987 |
| chromosomes of lemuriformes. v. a comparison of the karyotypes of cheirogaleus medius and lemur fulvus fulvus. | in this report we compare the karyotype of lemus fulvus fulvus (2n=60) with that of cheirogaleus medius (2n=66), a species thought to retain the ancestral lemur karyotype. a culture technique was designed specifically for lemur lymphocytes to facilitate description of the complete karyotypes using g--banding, c-banding, and ag-as staining for nucleolus organizer regions (nor's). different g-banding patterns in three chromosome pairs and different nor-bearing chromosomes between the two species, ... | 1979 | 113177 |
| the instantaneous center of rotation of the mandible in nonhuman primates. | kinematic analyses of mandibular movement in humans demonstrate that the mandibular instantaneous center of rotation (icor) is commonly located near the level of the occlusal plane and varies in its position during a chewing sequence. few data are available regarding the location of the icor in nonhuman primates and it remains unclear how the position of the icor varies in association with mastication and/or gape behaviors. icor was quantified throughout the gape cycle in five species of nonhuma ... | 2011 | 21622946 |
| does eulemur cinereiceps exist? preliminary evidence from genetics and ground surveys in southeastern madagascar. | although appearing in the literature as early as 1890, the brown lemur form eulemur cinereiceps has recently resurfaced as a potentially valid taxon, distinct from neighboring, presumably closely related species such as white-collared lemurs (eulemur albocollaris). we propose two scenarios for the potential separation of e. cinereiceps and e. albocollaris: (1) coastal and interior populations represent two distinct taxa and (2) the coastal population north of the manampatrana river (the locality ... | 2008 | 18027864 |
| non-telomeric chromosome localization of (ttaggg)n repeats in the genus eulemur. | the chromosomal distribution of the (ttaggg)n telomeric repetitive sequences was studied in the malagasy species eulemur fulvus fulvus (2n = 60), eulemur rubriventer (2n = 50), eulemur coronatus (2n = 46) and eulemur macaco (2n = 44). these sequences hybridize to the telomeres of all chromosomes of the four species and also to the pericentromeres of all chromosomes of e. fulvus, e. coronatus and e. macaco, with the exception of the pericentromeres of e. coronatus and e. macaco chromosomes 9, the ... | 1997 | 9421267 |
| anatomy, histology, and ultrasonography of the normal adrenal gland in brown lemur: eulemur fulvus. | the medical care currently to brown lemurs (eulemur fulvus) is limited by a lack of knowledge of their anatomy. the aim of this study was to describe the anatomy and histology and obtain ultrasonographic measurements of normal adrenal glands in these animals. | 2017 | 28295350 |
| illegal captive lemurs in madagascar: comparing the use of online and in-person data collection methods. | although it is illegal to capture, sell, and trade lemurs, the live capture of lemurs in madagascar is ongoing and may have impacted over 28,000 lemurs between 2010 and 2013. only one study has examined this trade and did so using in-person interviews in northern madagascar. the current study sought to expand this existing dataset and examine the comparability of online surveys to more traditional on-location data collection methods. in this study, we collected data through a web-based survey re ... | 2016 | 26927567 |
| transitive inference in two lemur species (eulemur macaco and eulemur fulvus). | when confronted with tasks involving reasoning instead of simple learning through trial and error, lemurs appeared to be less competent than simians. our study aims to investigate lemurs' capability for transitive inference, a form of deductive reasoning in which the subject deduces logical conclusions from preliminary information. transitive inference may have an adaptative function, especially in species living in large, complex social groups and is proposed to play a major role in rank estima ... | 2015 | 25328141 |
| dietary modification by common brown lemurs (eulemur fulvus) during seasonal drought conditions in western madagascar. | primates often modify dietary composition in relation to seasonal changes in food availability or climate conditions. we studied the feeding patterns of a troop of common brown lemurs (eulemur fulvus), a semi-frugivorous strepsirhine, in a dry forest in northwestern madagascar. to understand the mechanism of dietary modification, we recorded daily feeding times of diet items during 101 full-day observations over 1 year, and then conducted a linear model analysis to examine the effects of fruitin ... | 2014 | 24217743 |
| brief communication: effect of size biases in the coefficient of variation on assessing intraspecific variability in the prosimian skeleton. | this study examines the effect of a measurement size bias in coefficients of variation on the evaluation of intraspecific skeletal variability in a sample of eight prosimian species (eulemur fulvus, hapalemur griseus, lemur catta, varecia variegata, galago senegalensis, otolemur crassicaudatus, nycticebus coucang, and tarsius syrichta). measurements with smaller means were expected to have higher coefficients of variation (cvs) due to the impact of instrumental precision on the ability to assess ... | 2013 | 23900852 |
| habitat shifting by the common brown lemur (eulemur fulvus fulvus): a response to food scarcity. | during periods of food scarcity, most primates display behavioral responses, such as dietary switching or adjustment of traveling and foraging efforts, within home ranges. in rare cases, several primate species leave their home ranges for other remote habitats to seek alternative resources; this migration-like behavior is termed "habitat shifting." reports of habitat shifting have concentrated on platyrrhines, but this behavior has rarely been observed among prosimians. during 1 year of observat ... | 2013 | 23591642 |
| brown lemurs (eulemur fulvus) can master the qualitative version of the reverse-reward contingency. | behavioral flexibility that requires behavioral inhibition has important fitness consequences. one task commonly used to assess behavioral inhibition is the reverse-reward task in which the subject is rewarded by the non selected items. lemurs were tested for their ability to solve the qualitative version of the reverse-reward task with the choice between identical quantities of different food items instead of different quantities of the same food. two of four subjects mastered the task without ... | 2012 | 23118998 |
| inferences about the location of food in lemurs (eulemur macaco and eulemur fulvus): a comparison with apes and monkeys. | the ability of black and brown lemurs (eulemur macaco and eulemur fulvus) to make inferences about hidden food was tested using the same paradigm as in call's (j comp psycol 118:232-241, 2004) cup task experiment. when provided with either visual or auditory information about the content of two boxes (one empty, one baited), lemurs performed better in the auditory condition than in the visual one. when provided with visual or auditory information only about the empty box, one subject out of four ... | 2012 | 22806271 |
| normal nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses in brown lemurs eulemur fulvus: computed tomography and cross-sectional anatomy. | far less is known about the normal anatomy of the nasal cavity of eulemur fulvus; no computed tomography (ct) scan has ever been published. | 2012 | 22671517 |
| diurnal resting in brown lemurs in a dry deciduous forest, northwestern madagascar: implications for seasonal thermoregulation. | decreased activity has been reported in both nocturnal and diurnal primates during the prolonged dry season in western madagascar, and this has been interpreted as a reaction to the severe environment, with its food scarcity and/or thermal stress. several day-active lemurs rest more as trees defoliate, although the reason for this is unclear. to understand the mechanism underpinning the diurnal resting of lemurs in seasonal deciduous forests, i observed common brown lemurs (eulemur fulvus fulvus ... | 2012 | 22388421 |