| protein engineering of bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin: mutations at domain ii of cryiab enhance receptor affinity and toxicity toward gypsy moth larvae. | substitutions or deletions of domain ii loop residues of bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin cryiab were constructed using site-directed mutagenesis techniques to investigate their functional roles in receptor binding and toxicity toward gypsy moth (lymantria dispar). substitution of loop 2 residue n372 with ala or gly (n372a, n372g) increased the toxicity against gypsy moth larvae 8-fold and enhanced binding affinity to gypsy moth midgut brush border membrane vesicles (bbmv) approximately 4- ... | 1996 | 8962052 |
| splicing is required for transactivation by the immediate early gene 1 of the lymantria dispar multinucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus. | a region of the lymantria disper multinucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (ldmnpv) genome containing the homolog of the baculovirus ie-1 gene was identified using a series of overlapping cosmids and individual plasmids in a transient transcriptional expression assay. sequence analysis of the active region identified two orfs, one of which is 32% identical to acmnpv orf141 (ie-0) and contains a putative splice donor site and the other of which is 29% identical to acmnpv ie-1 and contains a hi ... | 1997 | 9300047 |
| cloning and complete sequence characterization of two gypsy moth aminopeptidase-n cdnas, including the receptor for bacillus thuringiensis cry1ac toxin. | the complete cdnas corresponding to two distinct gypsy moth (lymantria dispar) larval gut aminopeptidases, apn1 and lambda apn2, were cloned and sequenced. the 3.4 kilobasepair cdna of apn1 which encodes a 1017 amino acid prepro-protein corresponds to the previously-identified gypsy moth apn (apn-1) that specifically binds the cry1ac delta-endotoxin of bacillus thuringiensis. analysis of the primary structure of apn1 revealed a cluster of five potential n-linked glycosylation sites near the n-te ... | 1999 | 10406091 |
| responses of insect cells to baculovirus infection: protein synthesis shutdown and apoptosis. | protein synthesis is globally shut down at late times postinfection in the baculovirus autographa californica m nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acmnpv)-infected gypsy moth cell line ld652y. a single gene, hrf-1, from another baculovirus, lymantria dispar m nucleopolyhedrovirus, is able to preclude protein synthesis shutdown and ensure production of acmnpv progeny in ld652y cells (s. m. thiem, x. du, m. e. quentin, and m. m. berner, j. virol. 70:2221-2229, 1996; x. du and s. m. thiem, virology 227:42 ... | 1997 | 9311875 |
| in vitro differentiation of isolated stem cells from the midgut of manduca sexta larvae | isolated spherical stem cells from midguts of pharate fourth-instar larvae of manduca sexta proliferated in vitro in the presence of 1 ng ml-1 20-hydroxyecdysone and co-cultured fat body tissue or cell-free fat body extract from m. sexta, lymantria dispar or heliothis virescens. in this environment, the stem cells were able to undergo mitosis and increase in number. however, stem cells were only able to differentiate to mature goblet and columnar cells when cell-free conditioned medium, taken fr ... | 1996 | 9317884 |
| are odorant-binding proteins involved in odorant discrimination? | pheromone-sensitive sensilla trichodea of nine moth species belonging to six families and three superfamilies of lepidoptera were immunolabelled with an antiserum against the pheromone-binding protein of antheraea polyphemus. strong immunolabelling of the sensillum lymph was observed in all long sensilla trichodea of a. polyphemus, a. pernyi (saturniidae), bombyx mori (bombycidae) and manduca sexta (sphingidae). very weak labelling was found with all sensilla trichodea of dendrolimus kikuchii (l ... | 1996 | 8985600 |
| [comparative characteristics of nuclear polyhedrosis virus isolates from gypsy moth lymantria dispar l]. | eight strains of gypsy moth nuclear polyhedrosis virus (npv) were isolated from dead larvae in kirghizia and tyumen and novosibirsk districts. the strains were characterized in terms of polyhedron morphology, biological activity, virus production, and restriction analysis of dna. the isolated strains did not differ in size or shape of polyhedrons. npv strain nshn-2 was characterized by the highest biological activity (ld50 = 1.2 +/- 0.4) x 10(4) and maximum production: 7.3 x 10(8) pib/larva in c ... | 1997 | 9103045 |
| sequence and analysis of the genome of a baculovirus pathogenic for lymantria dispar. | the genome of the lymantria dispar multinucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (ldmnpv) was sequenced and analyzed. it is composed of 161,046 bases with a g + c content of 57.5% and contains 163 putative open reading frames (orfs) of >/=150 nucleotides. homologs were found to 95 of the 155 genes predicted for the autographa californica mnpv (acmnpv) genome. more than 9% of the ldmnpv genome was occupied by 16 repeated genes related to acmnpv orf2. readily identifiable homologs of several genes that h ... | 1999 | 9887315 |
| differences in the expression and localization of human melanotransferrin in lepidopteran and dipteran insect cell lines. | the ability of several lepidopteran and dipteran insect cell lines to express human melanotransferrin (p97), a glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (gpi)-anchored, iron-binding sialoglycoprotein, was assessed. spodoptera frugiperda-derived (sf9) cell lines, transformed with the p97 gene under control of a baculovirus immediate-early promoter, were able to constitutively express the protein and correctly attach it to the outer cell membrane via a gpi anchor as demonstrated by pi-plc treatment. in contra ... | 1999 | 10092489 |
| characterization of p91, a protein associated with virions of an orgyia pseudotsugata baculovirus. | polyclonal antiserum produced against preoccluded virions from the orgyia pseudotsugata multinucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (opmnpv) was used to screen an opmnpv lambda gt11 expression library. the insert from one of the immunoreactive phage isolates hybridized to opmnpv orf86 (p91), a 2460-bp (819 amino acids) open reading frame that encodes a predicted protein of 91 kda. antibodies generated against a maltose binding protein-p91 fusion detected a band of approximately 91 kda on wester ... | 1997 | 9201231 |
| in vitro host range of autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus recombinants lacking functional p35, iap1 or iap2. | we have examined the host range in different insect cell lines of autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (acmnpv) recombinants lacking p35, iap1 or iap2. these genes encode, or are predicted to encode, anti-apoptotic proteins. abrogation of p35 reduced the ability of acmnpv to replicate in permissive cell lines derived from spodoptera frugiperda insects by inducing apoptosis. in semi-permissive cell lines, such as lymantria dispar and spodoptera littoralis cells, we observed cytopathic effe ... | 1999 | 10211976 |
| characterization of the acidic domain of the ie1 regulatory protein from orgyia pseudotsugata multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus. | this study presents a detailed analysis of the acidic n-terminal region of the orgyia pseudotsugata multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (opmnpv) transactivator ie1. the n-terminal region of ie1 is rich in acidic amino acids and has been hypothesized to be an acidic activation domain. removal of the n-terminal 126 amino acids containing the acidic domain of ie1 resulted in complete loss of transactivation activity, indicating that this region is essential for transactivation. the opmnpv acidic domai ... | 1998 | 9875318 |
| a field release of genetically engineered gypsy moth (lymantria dispar l.) nuclear polyhedrosis virus (ldnpv). | the gypsy moth (lymantria dispar l.) nuclear polyhedrosis virus was genetically engineered for nonpersistence by removal of the gene coding for polyhedrin production and stabilized using a coocclusion process. a beta-galactosidase marker gene was inserted into the genetically engineered virus (ldgev) so that infected larvae could be tested for its presence using a colorimetric assay. in 1993, ldgev-infected gypsy moths were released in a forested plot in massachusetts to test for spread and pers ... | 1999 | 10222179 |
| global protein synthesis shutdown in autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus-infected ld652y cells is rescued by trna from uninfected cells. | global protein synthesis arrest occurs in autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (acnpv)-infected ld652y cells at late times postinfection (p.i.). a lymantria dispar nucleopolyhedrovirus gene, hrf-1, precludes this protein synthesis arrest. we used in vitro translation assays to characterize the translation defect. cell-free lysates prepared from uninfected ld652y cells, acnpv-infected cells harvested at early times p.i., and cells infected with vachrf-1, a recombinant acnpv bearing hrf-1, ... | 1999 | 10417257 |
| in vitro analysis of venom from the wasp nasonia vitripennis: susceptibility of different cell lines and venom-induced changes in plasma membrane permeability. | the lethal effects of crude venom prepared from the ectoparasitic wasp nasonia vitripennis were examined with cultured cells from six insect and two vertebrate species. venom caused cells from sarcophaga peregrina (nih sape4), drosophila melanogaster (crl 1963), trichoplusia ni (tn-368 and bti-tn-5b1-4), spodoptera frugiperda (sf-21ae), and lymantria dispar (ipl-ldfbc1) to round up, swell, and eventually die. despite similar sensitivities and overlapping lc50 values [0.0004-0.0015 venom reservoi ... | 1999 | 10475265 |
| aminopeptidase dependent pore formation of bacillus thuringiensis cry1ac toxin on trichoplusia ni membranes. | the insecticidal bacillus thuringiensis cry1ac delta-endotoxin specifically binds to a 120 kda aminopeptidase n (apn) in the midgut of susceptible insects such as manduca sexta, heliothis virescens, lymantria dispar and plutella xylostella. the 120 kda apn has a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (gpi) anchor susceptible to the action of gpi-specific phospholipase c (piplc). here we show that cry1ac pore-forming activity depends on the amount of apn present on brush border membrane vesicles (bbmv) fro ... | 1997 | 9315707 |
| molecular analysis of an enhancin gene in the lymantria dispar nuclear polyhedrosis virus. | a lymantria dispar nuclear polyhedrosis virus (ldmnpv) gene has been identified that encodes a homolog to the granulovirus (gv) enhancin proteins that are capable of enhancing the infection of other baculoviruses. enhancin genes have been identified and sequenced for three species of gvs but have not been found in any other nuclear polyhedrosis virus to date. the ldmnpv enhancin gene is located between 67.6 and 70.1 kbp on the viral genome. northern and primer extension analyses of viral rnas in ... | 1997 | 9343163 |
| characterization of the replication cycle of the lymantria dispar nuclear polyhedrosis virus. | the life cycle of the lymantria dispar nuclear polyhedrosis virus (ldmnpv) was characterized through analysis of budded virus (bv) release, the temporal formation of polyhedra, the temporal transcription pattern of representative early, late, and hyper-expressed late genes, and the onset of dna replication in the ld652y cell line. transcripts from the ldmnpv immediate early gene g22 were detected 4 h post infection (h p.i.). the late and hyper-expressed late p39 capsid and polyhedrin genes were ... | 1997 | 9381798 |
| immunocytochemical localization of testis ecdysiotropin in the pupa of the gypsy moth, lymantria dispar (l.) (lepidoptera: lymantriidae). | antiserum against testis ecdysiotropin isolated from the gypsy moth, lymantria dispar, reacted with neurons in the protocerebrum, optic and antennal lobes, subesophageal, thoracic and abdominal ganglia, as well as in nerve tracts extending through the optic lobes, tritocerebrum, and interganglionic connectives of the pupal stage of these insects. testis ecdysiotropin is a peptide required by immature moths to initiate production of testes ecdysteroid, which is necessary for the development of th ... | 1997 | 9481621 |
| lymantria dispar nucleopolyhedrovirus hrf-1 expands the larval host range of autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus. | the gypsy moth (lymantria dispar) is nonpermissive for autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (acnpv) infection. we previously isolated a gene, host range factor 1 (hrf-1), from l. dispar nucleopolyhedrovirus that promotes acnpv replication in ld652y cells, a nonpermissive l. dispar cell line (s. m. thiem, x. du, m. e. quentin, and m. m. berner, j. virol. 70:2221-2229, 1996). in the present study, we investigated the ability of hrf-1 to alter the larval host range of acnpv. bioassays using ... | 1998 | 9499118 |
| assembly of amsacta moorei entomopoxvirus spheroidin into spheroids following synthesis in insect cells using a baculovirus vector. | the gene encoding the major occlusion body protein, spheroidin, of amsacta moorei entomopoxvirus (amepv) was introduced into a baculovirus vector under control of the polyhedrin gene promoter. a recombinant virus produced large, ovoid occlusion body-like structures in both spodoptera frugiperda and trichoplusia ni cells. these structures resembled the spheroids found in amepv-infected lymantria dispar cells, except they were devoid of virus particles and were not surrounded by a membrane- or env ... | 1998 | 9519843 |
| environmental persistence of bacillus thuringiensis spores following aerial application. | soil and leaf populations of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) were monitored following aerial application of commercial bt formulations at the rate of 72 billion international units per acre per year during a 5-year period. data from soil sample spore counts suggested that bt spores persisted in wasatch forest soils for up to 2 years but they did not proliferate. bt isolates were recovered from leaf samples 12 months post application from sprayed, previously sprayed and from nonsprayed areas. the fre ... | 1998 | 9538032 |
| aedes aegypti tmof modulates ecdysteroid production by prothoracic glands of the gypsy moth, lymantria dispar. | trypsin modulating oostatic factor (tmof) is a decapeptide that inhibits the biosynthesis of trypsin-like enzymes in the midgut of several insect species and, as such, serves as a dipteran oostatic hormone. in vitro incubation of lepidopteran prothoracic glands with aedes aegypti tmof revealed that this decapeptide, in the presence of brain extract, modulates ecdysteroid production. the modulatory effect was highly dependent on both the concentration of tmof and brain extract. typically, tmof wa ... | 2000 | 11093243 |
| n-linked glycosylation of a baculovirus-expressed recombinant glycoprotein in insect larvae and tissue culture cells. | the potential of insect cell cultures and larvae infected with recombinant baculoviruses to produce authentic recombinant glycoproteins cloned from mammalian sources was investigated. a comparison was made of the n-linked glycans attached to secreted alkaline phosphatase (seap) produced in four species of insect larvae and their derived cell lines plus one additional insect cell line and larvae of one additional species. these data survey n-linked oligosaccharides produced in four families and s ... | 1998 | 9621115 |
| identification of a novel lymantria dispar nucleopolyhedrovirus mutant that exhibits abnormal polyhedron formation and virion occlusion. | in previous studies on the formation of lymantria dispar nuclear polyhedrosis virus (ldmnpv) few polyhedra (fp) mutants, several polyhedron formation mutants (pfm) were identified that appeared to be unique. these viral mutants are being characterized to investigate the processes of polyhedron formation and virion occlusion. ldmnpv isolate pfm-1 is one of these mutants, and is described in this report. genetic techniques were used to determine if isolate pfm-1 contained a mutation in the polyhed ... | 1998 | 9647698 |
| interactions between a nosema sp. (microspora: nosematidae) and nuclear polyhedrosis virus infecting the gypsy moth, lymantria dispar (lepidoptera: lymantriidae). | simultaneous and sequential per os inoculations of gypsy moth larvae with the lymantria dispar nuclear polyhedrosis virus (ldnpv) and a nosema sp. from portugal demonstrated that the interaction of two pathogens during coinfection was variable, ranging from synergistic to antagonistic. susceptibility of gypsy moth larvae to viral infection was unaffected by simultaneous and subsequent microsporidian infection. this resulted from the comparatively slow pathogenesis of the microsporidium when comp ... | 1998 | 9709015 |
| effects of glyptapanteles liparidis (hym.: braconidae) parasitism, polydnavirus, and venom on development of microsporidia-infected and uninfected lymantria dispar (lep.: lymantriidae) larvae. | effects of parasitism, polydnavirus, and venom of the endoparasitoid glyptapanteles liparidis on lymantria dispar larvae infected with the microsporidium vairimorpha sp. and uninfected hosts were studied. we tested the impact on growth and development of hosts, as well as on microsporidian infection. both parasitism and polydnavirus/venom treatment alone caused a slight increase in growth rate and relative growth rate in uninfected fourth instar hosts. this effect was more pronounced with the ad ... | 2001 | 11161992 |
| replication of the gonad-specific virus hz-2v in ld652y cells mimics replication in vivo. | a newly discovered, nonoccluded insect virus, known as gonad-specific virus or hz-2v, was found to replicate differently in two insect cell lines derived from ovarian tissues (tn-368 cells from trichoplusia ni and ld652y from lymantria dispar). differences between these two cell lines were observed in virus plaque forming ability, rate of viral dna replication, time course of infectious virus production, and the mechanism of virus release from infected cells. replication of hz-2v in ld652y cells ... | 2001 | 11161993 |
| characterization of a baculovirus-encoded atp-dependent dna ligase. | sequence analysis of the lymantria dispar multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (ldmnpv) genome identified an open reading frame (orf) encoding a 548-amino-acid (62-kda) protein that showed 35% amino acid sequence identity with vaccinia virus atp-dependent dna ligase. ligase homologs have not been reported from other baculoviruses. the ligase orf was cloned and expressed as an n-terminal histidine-tagged fusion protein. incubation of the purified protein with [alpha-32p]atp resulted in formation of a ... | 1998 | 9765460 |
| angiotensin ii and angiotensin-converting enzyme as candidate compounds modulating the effects of testis ecdysiotropin in testes of the gypsy moth, lymantria dispar1. | lymantria dispar testes synthesize immunodetectable ecdysteroid in vitro in response to the brain peptide, testis ecdysiotropin (te), acting primarily via a cascade involving gi protein, diacyl glycerol, and phosphokinase c. however, a component of te activation also involves the opposite cascade, gs protein, camp, and phosphokinase a. excess camp inhibits the action of te, acting as a feedback modulator. here, we show that bovine angiotensin ii (aii) and bovine angiotensin converting enzyme (ac ... | 1998 | 9784306 |
| new cell lines from heliothis virescens: characterization and susceptibility to baculoviruses | new cell lines from embryos of heliothis virescens were recently developed. six primary cultures were initiated in june 1995. from these initial cultures, two produced sufficient cell growth to allow subcultivation and eventually led to the establishment of seven cell strains, three of which are maintained at low temperatures (17 degreesc). the strains were compared with a previously established cell line from h. virescens by isozyme analysis and shown to be from the same species. all the strain ... | 1998 | 9784351 |
| timing of an early sporulation sequence of microsporidia in the genus vairimorpha (microsporidia: burenellidae) | an early sporulation event in the host midgut tissues has been reported for several species of microsporidia infecting diptera, hymenoptera, and lepidoptera. the role of these primary spores, formed between 35 and 96 h postinfection per os, has been suggested to be the cell to cell spread of infection within the host, but the sequence of events during the early sporulation stages has been reported for only a few species of microsporidia. we investigated these early life cycle events for two spec ... | 1998 | 9784358 |
| molecular characterization of genes in the gp41 region of baculoviruses and phylogenetic analysis based upon gp41 and polyhedrin genes. | a newly sequenced anticarsia gemmatalis multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (agmnpv) gp41 gene was used to reconstruct the phylogeny for gp41 by comparison with autographa californica mnpv, bombyx mori mnpv, helicoverpa zea single nucleopolyhedrovirus (snpv), lymantria dispar mnpv, orgyia pseudotsugata mnpv and spodoptera frugiperda mnpv. the 3.5 kb fragment of the agmnpv gp41 region not only contained the gp41 gene but also three other open reading frames that had significant homology with the very l ... | 1999 | 10518714 |
| testis ecdysiotropin, an insect gonadotropin that induces synthesis of ecdysteroid. | testes of lepidoptera synthesized ecdysteroid in a somewhat different temporal pattern than the prothoracic glands that release ecdysteroid to the hemolymph. brain extracts from heliothis virescens and lymantria dispar induced testes to synthesize ecdysteroid, but did not affect prothoracic glands. the testis ecdysiotropin (lte) was isolated from l. dispar pupal brains by a series of high-pressure chromatography steps. its sequence was ile-ser-asp-phe-asp-glu-tyr-glu-pro-leu-asn-asp-ala-asp-asn- ... | 2001 | 11462222 |
| a baculovirus anti-apoptosis gene homolog of the trichoplusia ni granulovirus. | an inhibitor of apoptosis (iap) gene homolog (tn-iap) of the trichoplusia ni granulovirus (tngv) was cloned, sequenced and mapped on the genome of tngv. tn-iap encoded a protein (tn-iap) of 301 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 35 kda. the tn-iap contained the two sequence motifs, birs and ring finger, characteristic of iap proteins, and shared identities of 21-27% and similarities of 28-53% with iap proteins of cydia pomonella gv (cp-iap), orgyia pseudotsugata multinucleocapsid nuc ... | 1999 | 10541013 |
| sequence and organization of the spodoptera exigua multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus genome. | the nucleotide sequence of the dna genome of spodoptera exigua multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (semnpv), a group ii npv, was determined and analysed. the genome contains 135611 bp and has a g+c content of 44 mol%. computer-assisted analysis revealed 139 orfs of 150 nucleotides or larger; 103 have homologues in autographa californica mnpv (acmnpv) and a further 16 have homologues in other baculoviruses. twenty orfs are unique to semnpv. major differences in semnpv gene content and arrangement we ... | 1999 | 10567663 |
| effect of bacillus thuringiensis cry1 toxins in insect hemolymph and their neurotoxicity in brain cells of lymantria dispar. | little information is available on the systemic effects of bacillus thuringiensis toxins in the hemocoel of insects. in order to test whether b. thuringiensis-activated toxins elicit a toxic response in the hemocoel, we measured the effect of intrahemocoelic injections of several cry1 toxins on the food intake, growth, and survival of lymantria dispar (lepidoptera) and neobellieria bullata (diptera) larvae. injection of cry1c was highly toxic to the lymantria larvae and resulted in the complete ... | 2001 | 11525986 |
| interactions between an entomopathogenic microsporidium and the endoparasitoid glyptapanteles liparidis within their host, the gypsy moth larva. | interactions in the host-parasitoid-pathogen system, lymantria dispar l. (lep., lymantriidae)-glyptapanteles liparidis (bouché) (hym., braconidae)-vairimorpha sp. (protista, microspora), were investigated. host selection experiments revealed that g. liparidis females did not discriminate between infected and uninfected host larvae for oviposition. transmission of the microsporidium from infected to uninfected hosts by stinging female wasps could not be ascertained. females that developed in infe ... | 2000 | 10631059 |
| evidence for integration of glyptapanteles indiensis polydnavirus dna into the chromosome of lymantria dispar in vitro. | polydnaviruses replicate within calyx cells of the female ovaries of certain species of parasitic wasps and are required for the successful parasitization of lepidopteran hosts. these viruses, which have unusual double-stranded circular dna segmented genomes, are integrated as proviruses into the genomes of their associated wasp hosts and are believed to be transmitted vertically through germline tissue. here, by combined southern hybridization, polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays and viral s ... | 2000 | 10653915 |
| isolation and characterization of juvenile hormone esterase from hemolymph of lymantria dispar by affinity- and by anion-exchange chromatography. | juvenile hormone esterase (jhe), which catalyzes the hydrolysis of juvenile hormone, was isolated from the hemolymph of 5(th) instars of lymantria dispar by two different procedures. one procedure was based on affinity chromatography and the other on anion-exchange chromatography. the material from both purifications showed bands of approximately 50 kda when analyzed by sds-page. isoelectric focusing (ief) gels in combination with enzyme activity assays indicated two isoelectric forms with the s ... | 2000 | 10727897 |
| in vitro formation of resting spores by the insect pathogenic fungus entomophaga maimaiga. | field-collected resting spores (azygospores) of the fungal pathogen of lymantria dispar (gypsy moth), entomophaga maimaiga, have been used to release this biological control agent in areas where this pathogen is not established. we have found that e. maimaiga can produce resting spores in vitro using grace's insect tissue culture medium (95%) plus fetal bovine serum (5%). the majority of spores become mature between 7 and 21 days after cultures are initiated. spore production varies by fungal is ... | 2000 | 10753595 |
| diagnosis of penaeus monodon-type baculovirus by pcr and by elisa of occlusion bodies. | the black tiger prawn penaeus monodon is a valuable aquaculture product in taiwan. two specific diagnostic methods were established for p. monodon-type baculovirus, one using polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technology and the other enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) technology. monodon-type baculovirus (mbv) was purified by sucrose gradient centrifugation from occlusion bodies of mbv-infected postlarvae of p. monodon. mbv dna was subsequently purified from the occlusion bodies and its pre ... | 2000 | 10782342 |
| bivalent sequential binding model of a bacillus thuringiensis toxin to gypsy moth aminopeptidase n receptor. | specificity for target insects of bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal cry toxins is largely determined by toxin affinity for insect midgut receptors. the mode of binding for one such toxin-receptor complex was investigated by extensive toxin mutagenesis, followed by real-time receptor binding analysis using an optical biosensor (biacore). wild-type cry1ac, a three-domain, lepidopteran-specific toxin, bound purified gypsy moth (lymantria dispar) aminopeptidase n (apn) biphasically. site 1 display ... | 2000 | 10799525 |
| comparison of cell line maintenance procedures on insect cells used for producing baculoviruses. | a gypsy moth cell line, iplb-ldeita, maintained under various conditions was tested for susceptibility to and productivity of two baculoviruses, the autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (acmnpv) and lymantria dispar nucleopolyhedrovirus (ldmnpv). the results suggest that cells maintained in serum-containing medium (modified tc100) were more susceptible (on the basis of titers in an endpoint assay) to ldmnpv than cells maintained in a serum-free medium (excell 400). such a difference was n ... | 1999 | 10475270 |
| identification of the lymantria dispar nucleopolyhedrovirus envelope fusion protein provides evidence for a phylogenetic division of the baculoviridae. | the complete genome sequences of a number of diverse members of the baculoviridae including both nucleopolyhedroviruses (npvs) and granuloviruses (gvs) revealed that they lack a homolog of gp64, the envelope fusion protein of the budded form of autographa californica multinucleocapsid npv (acmnpv) and its close relatives. computer-assisted analyses of the genome of one of these viruses, lymantria dispar mnpv (ldmnpv), revealed a single open reading frame (ld130) whose product had the predicted p ... | 2000 | 10846096 |
| identification of residues in domain iii of bacillus thuringiensis cry1ac toxin that affect binding and toxicity. | alanine substitution mutations in the cry1ac domain iii region, from amino acid residues 503 to 525, were constructed to study the functional role of domain iii in the toxicity and receptor binding of the protein to lymantria dispar, manduca sexta, and heliothis virescens. five sets of alanine block mutants were generated at the residues (503)ss(504), (506)nni(508), (509)qnr(511), (522)st(523), and (524)st(525). single alanine substitutions were made at the residues (509)q, (510)n, (511)r, and ( ... | 1999 | 10508083 |
| production of chymotrypsin-resistant bacillus thuringiensis cry2aa1 delta-endotoxin by protein engineering. | cleavage of the cry2aa1 protoxin (molecular mass, 63 kda) from bacillus thuringiensis by midgut juice of gypsy moth (lymantria dispar) larvae resulted in two major protein fragments: a 58-kda fragment which was highly toxic to the insect and a 49-kda fragment which was not toxic. in the midgut juice, the protoxin was processed into a 58-kda toxin within 1 min, but after digestion for 1 h, the 58-kda fragment was further cleaved within domain i, resulting in the protease-resistant 49-kda fragment ... | 1999 | 10508095 |
| filamentous actin is required for lepidopteran nucleopolyhedrovirus progeny production. | autographa californica m nucleopolyhedrovirus (acmnpv) is the prototypical member of the nucleopolyhedrosis: genus of the baculoviridae:, a family of large, double-stranded dna viruses that are highly diverse. nucleocapsid morphogenesis of acmnpv and others in the nucleopolyhedrovirus: genus takes place within the nuclei of infected host cells. previously, we showed that filamentous actin (f-actin) is essential for this process to occur in acmnpv-infected cells, an unprecedented finding for a dn ... | 2000 | 10859396 |
| [insect-resistant transgenic poplar expressing aait gene]. | insect-specific scorpion neurotoxin aait gene inserted into a binary vector was transferred into a hybrid poplar clone n-106(p. deltoides x p. simonii) growing in the southern of china. we obtained sixty-two regenerated plants by agrobacterium tumefaciens transferring system. pcr and pcr-southern analysis showed that aait gene was incorporated into the genome of some recovered poplar plants. one of the transformed plants named a5 was significantly resistant to feeding by first instar larvae of l ... | 2000 | 10976310 |
| a novel baculovirus envelope fusion protein with a proprotein convertase cleavage site. | the entry mechanism of spodoptera exigua multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (semnpv), a group ii npv, in cultured cells was examined. semnpv budded virus (bv) enters by endocytosis as do the bvs of the group i npvs, autographa californica (ac) mnpv and orgyia pseudotsugata (op) mnpv. in group i npvs, upon infection acidification of the endosome triggers fusion of the viral and endosomal membrane, which is mediated by the bv envelope glycoprotein gp64. however, the semnpv genome lacks a homolog of ... | 2000 | 11017785 |
| role of two arginine residues in domain ii, loop 2 of cry1ab and cry1ac bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin in toxicity and binding to manduca sexta and lymantria dispar aminopeptidase n. | two arginine residues (368-369) of cry1ab and cry1ac were mutated to alanine, glutamic acid and lysine by site-directed mutagenesis. insecticidal activities of the mutant toxins on manduca sexta and lymantria dispar larvae were examined. cry1ac mutant toxins (c)rr-aa and (c)rr-ee and cry1ab mutant toxins (b)rr-aa and (b)rr-ee showed great reductions in toxicity against both insects. in contrast, conservatively changed (c)rr-kk and (b)rr-kk mutants did not alter toxicity to either insect. binding ... | 2000 | 11069655 |
| food utilization values of gypsy moth lymantria dispar (lepidoptera: lymantriidae) larvae infected with the microsporidium vairimorpha sp. (microsporidia: burenellidae). | infection of the gypsy moth, lymantria dispar, with the microsporidium vairimorpha sp. strongly influences the development of the host in ways typical of many species of terrestrial entomopathogenic microsporidia; growth is reduced while development time is extended in infected insects. the appearance of the different stages of the parasite in the host relative to the elapsed time after oral infection, as well as the influence of the parasite proliferation on food utilization of the host, were e ... | 2000 | 11112371 |
| the sequence of the helicoverpa armigera single nucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus genome. | the nucleotide sequence of the helicoverpa armigera single-nucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (hasnpv) dna genome was determined and analysed. the circular genome encompasses 131,403 bp, has a g+c content of 39.1 mol% and contains five homologous regions with a unique pattern of repeats. computer-assisted analysis revealed 135 putative orfs of 150 nt or larger; 100 orfs have homologues in autographa californica multicapsid npv (acmnpv) and a further 15 orfs have homologues in other baculoviruses ... | 2001 | 11125177 |
| impacts of chipping on surrogates for the longhorned beetle anoplophora glabripennis (coleoptera: cerambycidae) in logs. | as part of the eradication program for recent introductions of the longhorned beetle anoplophora glabripennis (motschulsky) in the united states, wood from infested trees is chipped and incinerated. two tests were conducted to evaluate the efficiency of chipping wood from infested trees on the survival of the beetle. in the first test, plastic worms were used as surrogates for larvae of the beetle. plastic worms of different sizes were placed in holes drilled in logs of sugar maple, acer sacchar ... | 2000 | 11142319 |
| identification of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain hd1-like bacteria from environmental and human samples after aerial spraying of victoria, british columbia, canada, with foray 48b. | aerial applications of foray 48b, which contains bacillus thuringiensis strain hd1, were carried out on 9 to 10 may, 19 to 21 may, and 8 to 9 june 1999 to control european gypsy moth (lymantria dispar) populations in victoria, british columbia, canada. a major assessment of the health impact of b. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki was conducted by the office of the medical health officer of the capital health region during this period. environmental (air and water) and human (nasal swab) samples, co ... | 2001 | 11229889 |
| the effects of cations on the activity of the gypsy moth (lepidoptera: lymantriidae) nuclear polyhedrosis virus. | fourteen cations were tested at a 1% concentration (wt:wt), as chlorides, for their effects on the biological activity of the gypsy moth, lymantria dispar (l.), nuclear polyhedrosis virus (ldmnpv). cupric chloride was toxic to gypsy moth larvae. ferrous and ferric chloride were inhibitory to larval growth and development as well as to virus activity. strontium chloride was inhibitory to virus activity but had no apparent effects on gypsy moth larvae. six cations had little or no effect on virus ... | 2001 | 11233097 |
| isolation and partial characterization of gypsy moth btr-270, an anionic brush border membrane glycoconjugate that binds bacillus thuringiensis cry1a toxins with high affinity. | btr-270, a gypsy moth (lymantria dispar) brush border membrane molecule that binds bacillus thuringiensis (bt) cry1a toxins with high affinity, was purified by preparative gel electrophoresis. rabbit antibodies specific for the bt toxin-binding molecule were raised. attempts to label btr-270 by protein-directed techniques were futile, but it was degraded by proteases with broad specificity indicating the presence of a peptide. carbohydrate was detected by labeling with digoxigenin hydrazide foll ... | 2001 | 11304752 |
| effects of genotype, nutrient availability, and defoliation on aspen phytochemistry and insect performance. | genetic and environmental variability, and their interactions, influence phytochemical composition and, in turn, herbivore performance. we evaluated the independent and interactive effects of plant genotype, nutrient availability, and defoliation on the foliar chemistry of quaking aspen (populus tremuloides) and consequences for performance of gypsy moths (lymantria dispar). saplings of four genotypes were grown under two conditions of nutrient availability and subjected to three levels of artif ... | 2001 | 11504029 |
| both lymantria dispar nucleopolyhedrovirus enhancin genes contribute to viral potency. | enhancins are a group of proteins first identified in granuloviruses (gv) that have the ability to enhance nuclear polyhedrosis virus potency. we had previously identified an enhancin gene (e1) in the lymantria dispar multinucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (ldmnpv) (d. s. bischoff and j. m. slavicek, j. virol. 71:8133-8140, 1997). inactivation of the e1 gene product within the viral genome lowered viral potency by an average of 2.9-fold. a second enhancin gene (e2) was identified when the entire ... | 2001 | 11507209 |
| sequence analysis of the spodoptera litura multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus genome. | the complete spodoptera litura multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (spltmnpv) genome contained 139,342 bp with a g+c content of 42.7%, and 141 putative open reading frames (orfs) or genes of 150 nucleotides or greater that showed minimal overlap. ninety-six orfs had homologues in autographa californica multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (acmnpv), 16 had homologues in other baculoviruses, and 29 were unique to spltmnpv. the homologues of ubiquitin and gp37 are fused in spltmnpv. the genome lacked a ho ... | 2001 | 11531416 |
| olfaction in the gypsy moth, lymantria dispar: effect of ph, ionic strength, and reductants on pheromone transport by pheromone-binding proteins. | the pheromone-binding proteins (pbps) are 16-kda abundant proteins in specialized olfactory hairs in insects. the mechanism by which the pbps remove the pheromone from the inner surface of sensory hairs and deliver it to the sensory cell remains unclear. existing qualitative models postulate that pheromone is released near the dendrite by a decrease in ph or by a reduced form of the pbp. this study focuses on the two pbps from the gypsy moth and the enantiomers of the pheromone cis-2-methyl-7,8- ... | 2001 | 11581252 |
| new tachinidae (diptera) host records of eastern north american forest canopy lepidoptera: baseline data in a bacillus thuriengiensis variety kurstaki nontarget study. | macrolepidopteran caterpillars collected in 1995 and 1996 in the monongahela national forest, pocahontas county, wv, and the george washington national forest, augusta county, va, yielded 60 previously unreported tachinid host associations. most associations were between native species, but the introduced polyphagous tachinid compsilura concinnata (meigen) produced eight new associations with native hosts. the tachinids collected were slightly broader in their host preferences than associated br ... | 2001 | 11681675 |
| ion channels induced in planar lipid bilayers by the bacillus thuringiensis toxin cry1aa in the presence of gypsy moth (lymantria dispar) brush border membrane. | the apical brush border membrane, the main target site of bacillus thuringiensis toxins, was isolated from gypsy moth (lymantria dispar) larval midguts and fused to artificial planar lipid bilayer membranes. under asymmetrical n-methyl-d-glucamine-hcl conditions (450 mm cis/150 mm trans, ph 9.0), which significantly reduce endogenous channel activity, trypsin-activated cry1aa, a b. thuringiensis insecticidal protein active against the gypsy moth in vivo, induced a large increase in bilayer membr ... | 2001 | 11687877 |
| resistance of the insect cell line iplb-ldfb to salsolinol-induced apoptosis. | apoptosis is a form of cell death that is manifested in parkinson's disease (pd) and certain other neurodegenerative disorders. metabolites of salsolinol (sal), an intraneuronal, dopamine-derived tetrahydroisoquinoline (tiq), have been shown to induce apoptosis in human dopaminergic neuroblastoma cells, implicating these molecules as causative or contributory factors in the selective killing of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons, a cardinal manifestation of parkinson's disease. since insects emp ... | 2002 | 11754089 |
| phenotypic and genotypic analysis of helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus serially passaged in cell culture. | rapid accumulation of few polyhedra (fp) mutants was detected during serial passaging of helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus (hasnpv) in cell culture. 100% fp infected cells were observed by passage 6. the specific yield decreased from 178 polyhedra per cell at passage 2 to two polyhedra per cell at passage 6. the polyhedra at passage 6 were not biologically active, with a 28-fold reduction in potency compared to passage 3. electron microscopy studies revealed that very few polyhedra were ... | 2002 | 11907345 |
| pseudotyping autographa californica multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (acmnpv): f proteins from group ii npvs are functionally analogous to acmnpv gp64. | gp64, the major envelope glycoprotein of budded virions of the baculovirus autographa californica multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (acmnpv), is involved in viral attachment, mediates membrane fusion during virus entry, and is required for efficient virion budding. thus, gp64 is essential for viral propagation in cell culture and in animals. recent genome sequences from a number of baculoviruses show that only a subset of closely related baculoviruses have gp64 genes, while other baculoviruses ha ... | 2002 | 11992001 |
| timing of transmission and the evolution of virulence of an insect virus. | we used the nuclear polyhedrosis virus of the gypsy moth, lymantria dispar, to investigate whether the timing of transmission influences the evolution of virulence. in theory, early transmission should favour rapid replication and increase virulence, while late transmission should favour slower replication and reduce virulence. we tested this prediction by subjecting one set of 10 virus lineages to early transmission (early viruses) and another set to late transmission (late viruses). each linea ... | 2002 | 12061960 |
| alterations in carbohydrate and fatty acid levels of lymantria dispar larvae caused by a microsporidian infection and potential adverse effects on a co-occurring endoparasitoid, glyptapanteles liparidis. | infection of lymantria dispar host larvae by the entomopathogenic microsporidium vairimorpha sp. has a negative impact on the performance of the endoparasitic braconid glyptapanteles liparidis. to investigate possible causes for this effect, we studied to what extent nutritional host suitability is altered by the microsporidium. therefore, we analyzed carbohydrates and fatty acids in host larvae after vairimorpha infection and/or parasitism by g. liparidis. trehalose levels were significantly re ... | 2002 | 12111971 |
| responses of songbirds to aerial spraying of the microbial insecticide bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (foray 48b) on vancouver island, british columbia, canada. | use of bacterial insecticides containing bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (btk) is gaining popularity as an environmentally safe control measure against lepidopteran pests, but indirect effects on nontarget organisms through reduced prey base have received little attention. aerial spraying of btk (foray 48b) over a 12,803-ha area on southeastern vancouver island (bc, canada) in may to june 1999 as part of a gypsy moth (lymantria dispar) control program provided us with an opportunity to exam ... | 2002 | 12152767 |
| peptides that elicit midgut stem cell differentiation isolated from chymotryptic digests of hemolymph from lymantria dispar pupae. | isolated stem cells of heliothis virescens, cultured in vitro, were induced to differentiate by midgut differentiation factors 3 and 4. these were peptides identified from a chymotrypsin digest of hemolymph taken from newly pupated lymantria dispar. partial purification was obtained by filtration through size exclusion filters. the most active preparation was subsequently subjected to a series of 3 reverse phase-hplc procedures. partial sequences of the peptides were identified via automated edm ... | 2002 | 12173293 |
| nucleotide sequence analysis of hasnpv protein kinase. | the protein kinase gene of helicoverpa armigera single nucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (hasnpv) has been cloned and sequenced. it is located approximately 1.25 kb downstream of the polyhedrin gene. the predicted molecular mass of this 267 amino acid protein (havpk) is 31 kd. havpk shows a 43.0% amino acid homology to vpk from lymantria dispar multinucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (ldmnpv) and a 39.0% homology to pk-1 from autographa californica multinucleocapsid nuclear polyhedros ... | 1997 | 12219213 |
| effects of temperature on the susceptibility of insect cells to infection by baculoviruses. | three insect cell lines were tested for susceptibility to baculovirus infection by use of a typical endpoint assay procedure. cell lines from spodoptera frugiperda (iplb-sf21ae), lymantria dispar (iplb-ldeita), and heliothis virescens (iplb-hve6s) in 96-well tissue culture plates were each infected with dilutions of extra cellular virus suspensions of the autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (acmnpv). in addition, the l. dispar and h. virescens cells were also infected with l. dispar nucl ... | 2001 | 12486333 |
| functional analysis of a conserved region of the baculovirus envelope fusion protein, ld130. | the envelope fusion protein from a baculovirus pathogenic for lymantria dispar was characterized. n-terminal sequence analysis determined that it was cleaved downstream of predicted signal peptide and furin cleavage motifs. mutation of the furin motif resulted in a protein that was not cleaved and did not mediate fusion. mutagenesis of three charged amino acids in a conserved sequence with the features of a fusion peptide resulted in significant reduction of the ability of the constructs to medi ... | 2002 | 12490405 |
| evaluation of preventive treatments in low-density gypsy moth populations using pheromone traps. | pheromone traps can be used for evaluating the success of treatments that are applied to either eradicate or delay the growth of isolated low-density populations of the gypsy moth, lymantria dispar (l.). we developed an index of treatment success, t, that measures the reduction in moth counts in the block treated adjusted by the change in moth counts in the reference area around it. this index was used to analyze the effectiveness of treatments that were conducted as part of the usda forest serv ... | 2002 | 12539833 |
| [identification of cry-type genes of 31 bacillus thuringiensis isolates and analysis of their expression product]. | in this study, cry-type gene of 31 isolates of bt had been identified using pcr-rflp identification system, and sds-page analysis and bioassay had been performed. 25 strains containing cry1 type gene express 130-150 kd protein and 16 of them contain cry1i gene, which codes 80 kd protein and is larvicidal to both lepidopteran and coleopteran species. 15 strains contain both cry1 and cry2 type gene; 10 strains contain unknown cry-type gene; 6 strains don't contain seven identified cry-type gene. r ... | 2000 | 12548957 |
| comparison of the amino acid sequences of rna-dependent rna polymerases of cypoviruses in the family reoviridae. | the nucleotide sequences of the genome segment s2 of bombyx mori cypovirus 1, s2 of lymantria dispar cypovirus 1, s1 of lymantria dispar cypovirus 14 and s1 of a proposed new electropherotype of trichoplusia ni cypovirus 15 were determined. these segments encoded putative rna-dependent rna polymerases (rdrps). the deduced amino acid sequences of rdrps within the genus cypovirus showed 32% to 94% identities, while extent of homology between rdrps in the genera cypovirus and oryzavirus, a genus mo ... | 2003 | 12556988 |
| induction of apoptosis in an insect cell line, iplb-ld652y, infected with nucleopolyhedroviruses. | ld652y cells derived from the gypsy moth, lymantria dispar, were infected with seven different nucleopolyhedroviruses (npvs) including those from autographa californica, bombyx mori (bmnpv), hyphantria cunea (hycunpv), spodoptera exigua (semnpv), l. dispar, orgyia pseudotsugata (opmnpv) and spodoptera litura (spltmnpv). the results showed that ld652y cells infected with bmnpv, hycunpv, semnpv, opmnpv and spltmnpv underwent apoptosis, displaying apoptotic bodies, characteristic dna fragmentation ... | 2003 | 12604823 |
| n-glycan structures of human transferrin produced by lymantria dispar (gypsy moth) cells using the ldmnpv expression system. | n-glycan structures of recombinant human serum transferrin (htf) expressed by lymantria dispar (gypsy moth) 652y cells were determined. the gene encoding htf was incorporated into a lymantria dispar nucleopolyhedrovirus (ldmnpv) under the control of the polyhedrin promoter. this virus was then used to infect ld652y cells, and the recombinant protein was harvested at 120 h postinfection. n-glycans were released from the purified recombinant human serum transferrin and derivatized with 2-aminopyri ... | 2003 | 12672704 |
| mutations at the arginine residues in alpha8 loop of bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin cry1ac affect toxicity and binding to manduca sexta and lymantria dispar aminopeptidase n. | the functional role of the alpha8 loop residues in domain ii of bacillus thuringiensis cry1ac toxin was examined. alanine substitution mutations were introduced in the residues from 275 to 293. among the mutant toxins, substitutions at r281 and r289 affected toxicity to manduca sexta and lymantria dispar. loss of toxicity by these mutant toxins was well correlated with reductions in binding affinity for brush border membrane vesicles and the purified receptor, aminopeptidase n (apn), from both i ... | 2001 | 11377423 |
| mapping the epitope in cadherin-like receptors involved in bacillus thuringiensis cry1a toxin interaction using phage display. | in susceptible lepidopteran insects, aminopeptidase n and cadherin-like proteins are the putative receptors for bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxins. using phage display, we identified a key epitope that is involved in toxin-receptor interaction. three different scfv molecules that bind cry1ab toxin were obtained, and these scfv proteins have different amino acid sequences in the complementary determinant region 3 (cdr3). binding analysis of these scfv molecules to different members of the cry1a t ... | 2001 | 11384982 |
| effect of the host plant on the antioxidative defence in the midgut of lymantria dispar l. caterpillars of different population origins. | the responses of gypsy moth larvae originating from two populations (oak forest, locust forest) to favorable (oak) and unfavorable (locust) host plants were monitored at the level of midgut antioxidative defence: the activities of superoxide dismutase (sod), catalase (cat), glutathione-s-transferase (gst), glutathione reductase (gr), glutathione peroxidase like ('gsh-px like') and glutathione content (gsh). short-term change of the diet (3 days) to locust leaves of the 5th instar larvae (oak pop ... | 1997 | 12769934 |
| effects of the polydnavirus of cotesia congregata on the immune system and development of non-habitual hosts of the parasitoid. | polydnaviruses (pdv) are obligate mutualistic symbionts found in association with some groups of parasitic hymenoptera. in these groups, they suppress the immune response of the parasitoid's host and are required for successful parasitoid reproduction. several pdv effects have been described in different experimental systems, but no clear picture of pdv mode of immunosuppression has emerged. no study to date has directly tested if pdv modes of action are evolutionarily conserved or divergent amo ... | 2002 | 12770079 |
| pdgf and tgf-beta partially prevent 2-deoxy-d-ribose-induced apoptosis in the fat body cell line iplb-ldfb from the insect lymantria dispar. | the iplb-ldfb cell line from the fat body of the insect lymantria dispar shows the presence of immunoreactive, platelet-derived growth factor (pdgf)-ab and transforming growth factor (tgf)-beta1 molecules, as well as the corresponding plasma membrane-like receptors, i.e. pdgfr-alpha, pdgfr-beta and tgfr-beta type ii. cytofluorimetric and morphological studies reveal that the reducing sugar 2-deoxy-d-ribose (drib), an apoptotic agent for human cells, induces apoptosis in a concentration- and time ... | 2000 | 12770261 |
| the 'inka cell' and its associated cells: ultrastructure of the epitracheal glands in the gypsy moth, lymantria dispar. | the epitracheal glands in pharate and young pupae of lymantria dispar are located at the base of ventrolateral tracheal trunks in the prothoracic and first through eighth abdominal segments. each gland is composed of four cells the ultrastructure of which is described in this paper. one large cell and one smaller cell have an endocrine function, while a third cell is exocrine. a fourth cell forms a canal running from the exocrine cell into the trachea. the large endocrine cell, but not the small ... | 1999 | 12770397 |
| identification and classification of the spodoptera littoralis nucleopolyhedrovirus inhibitor of apoptosis gene. | baculoviruses possess two types of genes that suppressed apoptosis, p35 and inhibitor of apoptosis (iap). in this study we report the isolation and identification of an inhibitor of apoptosis gene sliap in the genome of the spodoptera littoralis nucleopolyhedrovirus (sinpv). the sliap sequence predicted a 15 kda polypeptide with only one bir domain and a ring finger, both motifs characteristic of the iap family of proteins, and a third specific acidic-rich motif. these characteristics, shared wi ... | 2003 | 12803466 |
| molecular characterization of segments 7-10 of dendrolimus punctatus cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus provides the complete genome. | the nucleotide sequences of genomic segments s7-s10 from dendrolimus punctatus cypovirus strain hunan (dpcpv-hn) have been determined. this provides the complete genome sequences of dpcpv-hn. each segment of s7-s10 possess a single segment each. homology searches showed that the nucleotide sequences and the deduced amino acid sequences of dpcpv s7-10 had high level of identities with those of bombyx mori cypovirus (bmcpv) s7-10, respectively. while the amino acid sequences of the proteins encode ... | 2003 | 12837553 |
| morphological and genomic characterization of the polydnavirus associated with the parasitoid wasp glyptapanteles indiensis (hymenoptera: braconidae). | glyptapanteles indiensis polydnavirus (gipdv) is essential for successful parasitization of the larval stage of the lepidopteran lymantria dispar (gypsy moth) by the endoparasitic wasp glyptapanteles indiensis. this virus has not been characterized previously. ultrastructural studies of gipdv showed that virions had a rod-like or rectangular form and each contained as many as ten nucleocapsids enclosed by a single unit membrane envelope. field inversion gel electrophoresis (fige) analysis of the ... | 2003 | 12867635 |
| acmnpv in permissive, semipermissive, and nonpermissive cell lines from arthropoda. | insect cell lines from arthropoda represented by lepidoptera, coleoptera, diptera, and homoptera were evaluated for their ability to support replication of acmnpv. in addition, some of the cell lines that were refractive to acmnpv were tested with acmnpv hsp70 red, a recombinant carrying the red fluorescent protein (rfp) gene, for their ability to express this protein after inoculation. of the 10 lepidopteran cell lines tested, only three cell lines from helicoverpa zea (bcirl-hz-am1), lymantria ... | 2005 | 16409117 |
| stem cells from midguts of lepidopteran larvae: clues to the regulation of stem cell fate. | previously, we showed that isolated stem cells from midguts of heliothis virescens can be induced to multiply in response to a multiplication protein (mp) isolated from pupal fat body, or to differentiate to larval types of mature midgut cells in response to either of 4 differentiation factors (mdfs) isolated from larval midgut cell-conditioned medium or pupal hemolymph. in this work, we show that the responses to mdf-2 and mp in h. virescens stem cells decayed at different time intervals, imply ... | 2003 | 12886516 |
| effects of a fat body extract on larval midgut cells and growth of lepidoptera. | treatment with fat body extract (fbx) from pupae of the tobacco hornworm, manduca sexta, caused mortality in larvae of two pest lepidopterans, the gypsy moth, lymantria dispar, and the cotton leafworm, spodoptera littoralis. in fbx-treated larvae, the feeding rate was depressed, causing reduced weight gain and then larval death. their midgut showed formation of multicellular layers of midgut epidermis, indicating stem-cell hyperplasia. hence, the integument of fbx-treated larvae had a double cut ... | 2003 | 12892521 |
| [connection of virus carriage and acute infection, caused by nuclear polyhedrosis virus in native populations of silkworm (lymantria dispar l., lym. lepid.)]. | the detection rate of dna of nuclear polyedrosis virus in the caterpillar organism ranged from 28.6 to 73.2%, the detection rate of virion antigens ranged from 10.3 to 38.2%, and that of the virus polyhedron antigens ranged from 16.1 to 52.3% in 4 natural populations of gipsy moths in the territory of the novosibirsk region at the outbreak culmination time of a mass reproduction of the insects. an artificial activation of virus reproduction, in experiment, caused death of the insects at a level ... | 2003 | 12924100 |
| quantitation of a glyptapanteles indiensis polydnavirus gene expressed in parasitized host, lymantria dispar, by real-time quantitative rt-pcr. | glyptapanteles indiensis is a polydnavirus-carrying wasp that parasitizes early instar gypsy moth larvae. during oviposition, the wasp injects calyx fluid containing polydnavirus along with its eggs into the host. within the host, expression of polydnavirus genes triggers a set of changes in host physiology, which are of critical importance for the survival of the wasp. in the present study, a g. indiensis polydnavirus (gipdv) gene, represented by cdna clone gipdv 1.1, was selected for expressio ... | 2003 | 14625047 |
| leaf ontogeny influences leaf phenolics and the efficacy of genetically expressed bacillus thuringiensis cry1a(a) d-endotoxin in hybrid poplar against gypsy moth. | we tested the hypothesis that ontogenetic variation in leaf chemistry could affect the efficacy of genetically expressed bacillus thuringiensis cry1a(a) d-endotoxin, and thus provide spatial variation in (1) foliage protection and (2) selective pressures that could delay the resistance of folivores. our model consisted of clonal hybrid populus plants (nc5339). consumption of foliage and relative growth rates of gypsy moth, lymantria dispar (l.) increased, and phenolic glycoside concentrations de ... | 2003 | 14682535 |
| census of the bacterial community of the gypsy moth larval midgut by using culturing and culture-independent methods. | little is known about bacteria associated with lepidoptera, the large group of mostly phytophagous insects comprising the moths and butterflies. we inventoried the larval midgut bacteria of a polyphagous foliivore, the gypsy moth (lymantria dispar l.), whose gut is highly alkaline, by using traditional culturing and culture-independent methods. we also examined the effects of diet on microbial composition. analysis of individual third-instar larvae revealed a high degree of similarity of microbi ... | 2004 | 14711655 |
| increased mortality of gypsy moth lymantria dispar (l.) (lepidoptera: lymantriidae) exposed to gypsy moth nuclear polyhedrosis virus in combination with the phenolic gycoside salicin. | second instar gypsy moth, lymantria dispar (l.) (lepidoptera: lymantriidae), larvae suffered significantly greater mortality from aerially applied gypsy moth nuclear polyhedrosis virus (gypchek) when the virus was consumed on quaking aspen, populus tremuloides michx., versus red oak, quercus spp. l., foliage. laboratory assays in which various doses of gypchek and salicin (a phenolic glycoside present in aspen foliage) were tested in combination demonstrated that salicin significantly increased ... | 2003 | 14977101 |
| expression of chitinase-encoding genes in bacillus thuringiensis and toxicity of engineered b. thuringiensis subsp. aizawai toward lymantria dispar larvae. | chitinase genes from aeromonas hydrophila and bacillus circulans no.4.1 were cloned into the plasmid phy300plk and designated as phya2 and phyb43, respectively. both plasmids were introduced into various strains of b. thuringiensis by electroporation. plasmid phyb43 was generally structurally stable, but showed lower segregrational stability than phya2 in b. thuringiensis subsp. aizawai when grown under nonselective conditions. the production of chitinase from b. thuringiensis subsp. aizawai har ... | 2004 | 15057461 |
| the 5' non-translated region of varroa destructor virus 1 (genus iflavirus): structure prediction and ires activity in lymantria dispar cells. | structure prediction of the 5' non-translated region (ntr) of four iflavirus rnas revealed two types of potential internal ribosome entry site (ires), which are discriminated by size and level of complexity, in this group of viruses. in contrast to the intergenic ires of dicistroviruses, the potential 5' ires structures of iflaviruses do not have pseudoknots. to test the activity of one of these, a bicistronic construct was made in which the 5' ntr of varroa destructor virus 1 (vdv-1) containing ... | 2006 | 17030876 |
| conservation of a proteinase cleavage site between an insect retrovirus (gypsy) env protein and a baculovirus envelope fusion protein. | the predicted env protein of insect retroviruses (errantiviruses) is related to the envelope fusion protein of a major division of the baculoviridae. the highest degree of homology is found in a region that contains a furin cleavage site in the baculovirus proteins and an adjacent sequence that has the properties of a fusion peptide. in this investigation, the homologous region in the env protein of the gypsy retrovirus of drosophila melanogaster (dmegypv) was investigated. alteration of the pre ... | 2004 | 15063117 |
| a survey of hymenopteran parasitoids of forest macrolepidoptera in the central appalachians. | in 1995 and 1996, we conducted a study of the hymenopteran parasitoids of macrolepidopteran larvae in the george washington national forest (gwnf), augusta county, virginia, and the monongahela national forest (mnf), pocahontas county, west virginia. macrolepidopteran larvae were collected from canopy foliage and from under canvas bands placed around tree boles. a total of 115 macrolepidopteran species and 5,235 individual larvae were reared. forty-two percent (2,221) of the larvae were gypsy mo ... | 2004 | 15154467 |
| responses of nontarget lepidoptera to foray 48b bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki on vancouver island, british columbia, canada. | impacts of a gypsy moth (lymantria dispar) eradication program on native, nontarget lepidoptera were assessed in 1999, on southeastern vancouver island (bc, canada). the microbial insecticide bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (btk) was applied aerially over two areas totalling 12,805 ha on may 8, may 19, and june 8, 1999, at a dosage of 50 billion international units in 4.0 l/ha. lepidoptera were collected from two host plant species: garry oak (quercus garryana) and common snowberry (symphor ... | 2004 | 15180383 |