| epitopes at the proteolytic cleavage sites of hiv-1-gp120 and rsv-f protein share a sequence homology: comparative studies with virus-induced and antipeptide antibodies. | the proteolytic cleavage sites of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) envelope glycoprotein precursor gp160 and the fusion protein of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) show a sequence homology. to study this homology two synthetic peptides corresponding to hiv-1-env-gp160-aa 507-518 (kakrrvvqrekr) and rsv-f2-aa 130-136 (skkrkrr) were synthesized. human serum samples from hiv-positive or rsv-positive collections recognized the appropriate peptide in 90.6 or 37.2% respectively. no cros ... | 1992 | 1385356 |
| the pathogenesis of respiratory syncytial virus infection in infant ferrets. | the infant ferret is susceptible to respiratory syncytial virus infection in both the upper and lower respiratory tracts. in the nose, viral replication is restricted to the surface respiratory epithelium in the nasal passages and turbinates. in the lungs, viral replication is of a lower order of magnitude and is localized in the alveolar cells. the pattern of viral replication in nasal tissues is independent of the age of the animal at infection, whereas the pattern in lung tissues shows a stri ... | 1976 | 1251889 |
| human antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity against target cells infected with respiratory syncytial virus. | a chromium release assay was established to study human antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (adcc) of hep 2 cells infected with respiratory syncytial (rs) virus. human peripheral blood lymphocytes in the presence of specific antibody to rs virus caused in vitro lysis of rs virus infected target cells. adcc was detected in sera of infants with rs virus infections and in specimens of colostrum. the ability of serum or colostrum to mediate the cytotoxic reaction appeared to be related to ... | 1977 | 862248 |
| comparison of a new commercial enzyme immunoassay for rapid detection of respiratory syncytial virus. | two rapid methods for detection of respiratory syncytial virus in respiratory specimens were compared: direct immunofluorescence assay (dfa) with monoclonal antibody and an enzyme immunoassay (eia) (test-pack rsv). ninety-five nasopharyngeal washings and aspirates from 51 children were examined; the patients were hospitalized during a winter outbreak of rsv infection in the first trimester of 1990. a total of 41.0% and 56.8% of these samples were positive by eia and dfa respectively. considering ... | 1992 | 1396733 |
| sequence comparison between the phosphoprotein mrnas of human and bovine respiratory syncytial viruses identifies a divergent domain in the predicted protein. | the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the phosphoprotein (p) mrna of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) strain a51908 have been determined. the p mrna is 860 nucleotides long with a single large open reading frame and the encoded polypeptide is 241 amino acids long. comparison with the corresponding sequences of human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) subgroups a and b revealed 72 to 74% identity at the nucleotide level, and 81% at the amino acid level. the p protein contain ... | 1992 | 1402819 |
| respiratory syncytial virus puzzle: clinical features, pathophysiology, treatment, and prevention. | | 1992 | 1403380 |
| transcription of human respiratory syncytial virus genome rna in vitro: requirement of cellular factor(s). | extracts made from human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-infected hep-2 cells synthesized mrnas encoded by all known viral genes. in contrast, rsv ribonucleoproteins purified from infected cells failed to transcribe in vitro; transcription was restored by addition of a cytoplasmic extract of uninfected hep-2 cells, demonstrating that a cellular factor(s) has a role in rsv gene expression. quantitation of the individual gene mrnas transcribed in vitro revealed polarity of transcription of the g ... | 1992 | 1404620 |
| mycoplasma pneumonia: a study on hospitalized american patients with pneumonia in vietnam. | a prospective study on consecutively hospitalized pneumonia patients showed that 41.5% of 58 patients had a fourfold rise in the complement-fixation titer for mycoplasma pneumoniae. viral isolation techniques and serologic tests for influenza a1, a2 and b, parainfluenza 1 and 3, respiratory syncytial virus and the adeno virus group yielded only a single positive isolate for influenza a2. serologic tests for melioidosis, leptospirosis, scrub, murine and epidemic typhus and psittacosis were all ne ... | 1977 | 889014 |
| persistent infection of cells in culture by respiratory syncytial virus. | the virus-cell relationship of rs virus and the hep-2 cell line has been examined. the production of cytopathic effect (c.p.e.) on hep-2 cells has been found to be dependent upon the passage level of the cell line. cells at lower passage levels exhibit c.p.e. in the form of syncytium formation, while those at higher passage levels no longer exhibit this effect. cells infected at higher passage levels are covertly infected and continue to produce large amounts of infectious virus which remains c ... | 1976 | 1265052 |
| sero-epidemiological studies of respiratory syncytial and adenoviruses in children in ibadan, nigeria, 1985-1988. | retrospective and prospective serological surveys to determine the prevalence of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and adenovirus (adv) infections in children with respiratory diseases were carried out from 1985 to 1988 at the university college hospital, ibadan, nigeria. 306 sera from subjects between 3 months and 12 years old were assayed by complement fixation test for antibodies to both viruses. second samples were available from 42 of the subjects for antibody conversion testing. the rate v ... | 1992 | 1412660 |
| risks connected with the use of conventional and genetically engineered vaccines. | a review is given of real and potential risks connected with the use of conventional and genetically engineered live and dead vaccines. special attention is given to live carrier vaccines expressing one or more heterologous genes of other microorganisms. because most carrier vaccines are still in an experimental phase, there is only limited experience with the risks of carrier vaccines. there are three potential risks of live carrier vaccines which will be discussed: 1. changes in cell, tissue, ... | 1992 | 1413441 |
| [chronic infection of hela cells with respiratory syncytial virus]. | chronic infection of hela cells with respiratory syncytial virus (hela-rs) was produced at a multiplicity of infection of 0.00005 tcd50/cell. during 144 days, 21 passages of hela-rs culture were done. the chronically infected cells did not differ from the control culture in the growth pattern and their proliferative activity. the infectious virus was found in the culture fluid with cells at 7 and 14 days after inoculation of the culture. subsequent attempts at isolation of the infectious virus f ... | 1977 | 898888 |
| analysis of relatedness of subgroup a respiratory syncytial viruses isolated worldwide. | respiratory syncytial virus strains (subgroup a) isolated from around the world during the period 1988-1991 were analysed to determine their relatedness. analysis was by restriction mapping and nucleotide sequencing following amplification of selected regions of the virus genome by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). twenty-three viruses of subgroup a isolated from cities in temperate regions of the northern and southern hemispheres and the tropics during the period 1988-1991 fell into distinct gro ... | 1992 | 1413992 |
| further characterization of the complementation group b temperature-sensitive mutant of respiratory syncytial virus. | ts-2, a temperature-sensitive and plaque morphology mutant of respiratory syncytial virus and sole representative of complementation group b, was compared with members of the other complementation groups of respiratory syncytial virus (group a [ts-1] and group c [ts-7]). ts-2 was found to be 10- to 1,000-fold more restricted in growth and ability to spread at restrictive temperatures (37, 38, and 39 degrees c) than at the permissive temperature (32 degrees c). in temperature shift-up experiments ... | 1977 | 904033 |
| immunologic response of adenoidal lymphocytes to respiratory syncytial virus. | adenoidal lymphocytes obtained from 43 subjects with serum antibodies to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) were established in culture in vitro and analyzed for immunoglobulin (ig) and rsv-specific antibody synthesis. spontaneous synthesis of ig was consistently observed in culture supernatants. the ratios of iga to igg and igm to igg in adenoidal lymphocyte culture supernatant were higher than in serum. in cell cultures stimulated with rsv or pokeweed mitogen, rsv antibody activity was detected ... | 1992 | 1416640 |
| detection of genomic sequences of respiratory syncytial virus in otitis media with effusion in children. | the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and the nested polymerase chain reaction were used for detection of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) sequences in middle ear effusions collected from children with otitis media. sequences of rsv were detected in 21 of 34 samples tested. these samples were collected during and/or after natural outbreaks of rsv infection in the community. in those patients from whose nasopharynges rsv was isolated, the viral sequences were highly detectable (75% ... | 1992 | 1416657 |
| field trials on a live bovine respiratory syncytial virus vaccine in calves. | field trials were carried out in calves using a live bovine respiratory syncytial (brs) virus vaccine prepared from the attenuated brs virus, strain rs-52. two hundred seventy-five and 353 calves were vaccinated intranasally and intramuscularly, respectively. no undesirable postvaccinal reactions were observed in the vaccinated calves. of the serum neutralizing (sn) antibody negative calves 89.7% (26/29) and 92.8% (90/97) developed sn antibody 1 month after intranasal and intramuscular vaccinati ... | 1992 | 1420579 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infections. | | 1992 | 1424399 |
| evaluation of three rapid enzyme immunoassays and cell culture for detection of respiratory syncytial virus. | three rapid enzyme immunoassay techniques for the detection of respiratory syncytial virus antigen (becton dickinson directigen rsv, abbott rsv testpack and abbott rsv eia) and cell culture were evaluated in a total of 250 nasal washings. the sensitivity and specificity were 62% and 76% respectively for directigen, 64% and 86% for rsv testpack, and 76% and 81% for rsv eia, taking cell culture as the reference method. agreement between cell culture and eia techniques was 79% (70 positive and 128 ... | 1992 | 1425717 |
| effect of respiratory syncytial virus infection of hela-cell macromolecular synthesis. | cells infected with respiratory syncytial (rs) virus eventually die but there appears to be no specific mechanism for shutting off cellular synthesis of macromolecules. dna and rna synthesis, as measured by the incorporation of labelled thymidine or uridine, do not begin to shut down until some time between 11 and 18 h after infection. by 18 h their rates of synthesis are reduced to approx. 50% for dna and 35% for rna. protein synthesis continues throughout the course of infection at approximate ... | 1977 | 915484 |
| a novel, spectrophotometric microneutralization assay for respiratory syncytial virus. | we describe a simple and rapid microneutralization assay for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) based on the colorimetric quantitation of the conversion of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (mtt) to a formazan product by the mitochondria of viable cells. conditions for rsv infectivity were first optimized for sensitivity and reproducibility based on cell density and on rsv concentration as a function of multiplicity of infection (moi) and time post-infection and the re ... | 1992 | 1430065 |
| immunotherapy of respiratory syncytial virus infection in cotton rats (sigmodon fulviventer) using igg in a small-particle aerosol. | to determine whether aerosolized igg can be used effectively in the treatment of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections, cotton rats were infected intranasally with rsv and treated 3 days later with human igg containing anti-rsv antibodies delivered in a small-particle aerosol. pulmonary histology and virus titers were determined 24 h after igg treatment. a single 15-min exposure to aerosolized igg did not exacerbate pulmonary pathology and effected a 50-fold reduction in pulmonary virus t ... | 1992 | 1431258 |
| respiratory syncytial virus detection by dot blot hybridization with a nonradioactive synthetic oligo deoxynucleotide probe. | a synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide corresponding to a region of the nucleocapside gene (n) of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), was used as a dna probe to develop a nonradioactive hybridization assay for the detection of rsv. the probe was labeled by incorporation of biotin-7-datp to the 3' end by a reaction catalyzed by terminal deoxynucleotydil transferase. the dot blot hybridization assay was found to be specific for rsv when tested against rsv isolates (subgroups a and b) obtained from cell c ... | 1992 | 1431818 |
| pulmonary histopathology induced by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) challenge of formalin-inactivated rsv-immunized balb/c mice is abrogated by depletion of cd4+ t cells. | in previous studies, it was observed that children immunized with a formalin-inactivated respiratory syncytial virus vaccine (fi-rsv) developed severe pulmonary disease with greater frequency during subsequent natural rsv infection than did controls. during earlier efforts to develop an animal model of this phenomenon, enhanced pulmonary histopathology was observed after intranasal rsv challenge of fi-rsv-immunized cotton rats. progress in understanding the immunologic basis for these observatio ... | 1992 | 1433525 |
| intensive care course and outcome of patients infected with respiratory syncytial virus. | picu admissions of 97 children positive for respiratory syncytial virus on fluorescent antibody screening were reviewed; 68% of 44 patients without history of preceding disease (group i) and 79% of 53 patients with preceding pulmonary, cardiac, or other disease (group ii) required ventilation. in group i ventilated children weighted significantly less (p = 0.001) and were of lower chronological (p = 0.02) and post-conceptional ages (p = 0.02) than those not ventilated. eighteen infants ventilate ... | 1992 | 1437327 |
| the role of viruses and mycoplasma pneumoniae in lower respiratory tract infections in childhood. | acute lower respiratory tract infections are one of the major causes of childhood morbidity and mortality in developing countries. this study was undertaken at hacettepe university children's hospital to determine the role of viruses and mycoplasma pneumoniae in respiratory tract infections in children. eighty-three patients with lower respiratory tract infections were selected at random from among the children admitted to the hospital for evaluation of respiratory symptoms. acute and convalesce ... | 1992 | 1440953 |
| bovine respiratory syncytial virus-specific immune responses in cattle following immunization with modified-live and inactivated vaccines. analysis of proliferation and secretion of lymphokines by leukocytes in vitro. | cattle were immunized with vaccines containing modified-live or inactivated bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) and lymphocyte proliferative responses and cytokine secretion were monitored sequentially. compared to pre-inoculated values, significant increases in proliferative responses to modified-live brsv were detectable by day 7 after the primary immunization with the vaccine containing inactivated brsv, and by 7 days after the second immunization with modified-live virus. after a third ... | 1992 | 1441227 |
| bovine respiratory syncytial virus-specific immune responses in cattle following immunization with modified-live and inactivated vaccines. analysis of the specificity and activity of serum antibodies. | cattle were immunized with vaccines containing modified-live or inactivated bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) and serum antibody responses were analyzed. compared with preinculation values, at day 14 after two biweekly immunizations with modified-live or inactivated vaccines there were significant increases in brsv-specific titers in the sera of cattle that received both types of vaccines, as determined by a whole cell elisa. using a blocking elisa and radioimmune precipitation it was de ... | 1992 | 1441228 |
| [the use of a virazole aerosol in young children with a respiratory syncytial virus infection]. | the therapeutic effect of aerosol virasol was studied in young infants suffering from rs virus infection with concomitant broncho-obstructive syndrome. the study involved 60 children between 1 month and 4 years of age of whom 30 were treated with virasol and another 30 made a control group. virasol was shown to reduce the severity of the clinical picture to a considerable degree and speed up the recovery in infants with rs virus disease. virasol is recommended for inhalation treatment of infants ... | 1992 | 1441436 |
| shedding of infectious virus and virus antigen during acute infection with respiratory syncytial virus. | shedding of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in nasopharyngeal aspirates (npa) of hospitalized children with acute respiratory infection was studied using direct antigen detection by time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay, rapid identification of infectious virus in centrifugally inoculated cell cultures by immunoperoxidase staining and conventional virus culture. sequential npas, in which also local rsv-specific iga response was measured, were collected from children with proven rsv infection. the sh ... | 1992 | 1460457 |
| pneumonia--a clinical or radiographic diagnosis? etiology and clinical features of lower respiratory tract infection in adults in general practice. | etiology and clinical manifestations have been studied in 153 adult patients with lower respiratory tract infection, and the results are presented according to clinical and radiographic diagnosis. laboratory investigations revealed that bacterial infection, mycoplasma and chlamydia included, occurred as often in 22 patients whose clinical diagnoses of pneumonia were not evident radiographically, as in 20 patients with radiographic pneumonia. in the latter group significantly higher values of ery ... | 1992 | 1465584 |
| neonatal respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus infections are thought to be uncommon in the first month of life. during a community outbreak, we prospectively studied such infection in our neonatal units. of 82 neonates studied, 66 were hospitalized for six days or longer, and 23 (35 per cent) acquired this virus. four infants died, two unexpectedly. infected infants had a significantly shorter gestation and birth weight. illness was often atypical, with nonspecific signs, especially in infants under three weeks o ... | 1979 | 759915 |
| respiratory syncytial virus in nurseries. | | 1979 | 759920 |
| susceptibility to infection in relation to sids. | because there is little evidence that invasive bacterial diseases contribute to cot deaths, most studies on infectious causes of sids have focused on viruses or toxin producing bacteria. although epidemiological studies found marginally significant associations between influenza virus and sids, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was isolated from 90% of older infants with sids. there are conflicting reports that some toxigenic bacteria (clostridium botulinum, clostridium difficle, enterotoxigenic ... | 1992 | 1474153 |
| viral infection and alpha interferon in sids. | conventional approaches to virus detection fail to provide convincing evidence in support of a viral aetiology for sids. virus positivity of about 20% in cases of sids is typical of most studies and is similar to that found in control groups. the application of direct immunofluorescence assays (dfa) has increased virus detection rates to 30-40%. constraints imposed by technology, postmortem interval, choice of samples for analysis and the necessary limitation of virus types to be sought may all ... | 1992 | 1474154 |
| growth and genetic stability of the ts-1 mutant of respiratory syncytial virus at restrictive temperatures. | an in vitro study was performed to define in greater detail those factors which favored the growth of the ts-1 mutant of respiratory syncytial virus under restrictive conditions and the emergence of genetically altered virus with decreased temperature sensitivity. replication of ts-1 occurred at each of the restrictive temperatures of 37, 38, and 39 c, even through plaque formation was not observed. the level of virus growth under restrictive conditions was inversely related to the incubation te ... | 1976 | 943572 |
| breast-feeding protects against respiratory syncytial virus infections. | eight out of 115 infants admitted to hospital with respiratory syncytial (rs) virus infection had been breast-fed compared with 46 out of 167 controls; this difference was statistically significant. twenty-one specimens of human colostrum were examined, and all contained rs virus neutralising activity. specific iga and igg were detected in 18 specimens, whereas igm was detected in none. the titre of iga antibody was usually higher and correlated more closely to the titre of neutralising activity ... | 1976 | 953560 |
| comparison of three immunoassays for the rapid detection of bovine respiratory syncytial virus. | three enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (eia) designed for the detection of human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) were evaluated for the detection of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) in bovine lungs and the results were compared with those obtained by a direct fluorescent antibody assay (dfa). the eia tests used were directigen eia, kallestad pathfinder eia, and abbott rsv eia. homogenates of lung tissues obtained from 64 cattle that had died of respiratory disease were used; 32 were ... | 1992 | 1501586 |
| respiratory virus disease in malaysian children: a serological study. | paired sera from 101 malaysian children aged up to 10 years and suffering from respiratory illnesses were examined serologically for evidence of respiratory viral infections. of these children, 32.6% showed rising antibody titres for one or more of the test agents. respiratory syncytial virus appeared to be the main respiratory pathogen involved, followed by mycoplasma pneumoniae, parainfluenza viruses, adenoviruses, and influenza a virus. these findings are generally similar to those reported b ... | 1975 | 1084808 |
| synthesis and antiviral evaluation of n-carboxamidine-substituted analogues of 1-beta-d-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamidine hydrochloride. | ten, hitherto unreported, analogues of 1-beta-d-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamidine hydrochloride (2a, ribamidine) and methyl carboximidate 5 have been synthesized. these include the n-cyano (2b), n-alkyl (2c-e), n-amino acid (2f-h), n,n'-disubstituted (6, 7a,b), and the n-methylated carboxamide (1f) analogues of ribavirin. in addition, a new facile synthesis of carboxamidine 2a was also developed. all compounds were evaluated for biological activity against the following rna viruses: p ... | 1992 | 1507208 |
| [infections in children with respiratory syncytial virus. a rapid diagnostic method for virus isolation in the nasopharyngeal aspirate]. | | 1975 | 1096354 |
| effects of protease inhibitors on replication of various myxoviruses. | we studied the effects of eight protease inhibitors on the multicycle replications of various orthomyxoviruses and paramyxoviruses. among the compounds, nafamostat mesilate, camostat mesilate, gabexate mesilate, and aprotinin, which are widely used in the treatment of pancreatitis, inhibited influenza virus a and b replication at concentrations that were significantly lower than their cytotoxic thresholds in vitro. none of the protease inhibitors had activity against respiratory syncytial virus, ... | 1992 | 1510439 |
| evidence of immunosuppression by bovine respiratory syncytial virus. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major respiratory pathogen in human infants and calves. calves and lambs infected with bovine rsv show mild clinical signs but they are more susceptible to secondary infection with pasteurella haemolytica. lambs infected with p. haemolytica 6 days after experimental infection with bovine rsv had significantly greater magnitudes of fever, higher disease and lesion scores and higher mortality rates than those infected with p. haemolytica or bovine rsv alone ( ... | 1992 | 1514055 |
| recovery of infectious proviral dna from mammalian cells infected with respiratory syncytial virus. | the dna fraction from a line of bovine embryonic kidney cells originally exposed as primary cultures several months earlier to a temperature-sensitive (ts) mutant of respiratory syncytial (rs) virus could be used to transfect human hep-2 cells with the production of infectious rs virus. the dna donor cells, designated bek/rs ts, retained their healthy fibroblastic appearance during continuous cultivation at a temperature (39 degrees) restrictive for growth of the original infecting mutant and sh ... | 1975 | 1103142 |
| active respiratory syncytial virus purified by ion-exchange chromatography: characterization of binding and elution requirements. | two viruses, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) were used to evaluate viral purification by an affinity resin column (matrex cellufine sulfate (mcs); amicon division, wr grace & co.). viable rsv was purified significantly from crude cell lysate by a single pass through a column containing the anionic mcs resin. most cell protein and albumin eluted from the mcs resin with phosphate buffered saline (pbs) but rsv eluted at high ionic strength, i.e., greater than ... | 1992 | 1517352 |
| improved outcome of respiratory syncytial virus infection in a high-risk hospitalized population of canadian children. pediatric investigators collaborative network on infections in canada. | to determine the outcomes in children at high risk for death or complications from respiratory disease who are hospitalized with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. | 1992 | 1517907 |
| lack of effect of respiratory syncytial virus infection on theophylline disposition in children. | conflicting reports raise a question about decreased plasma clearance (clp) of theophylline in man during viral infections. thus a dilemma exists concerning requisite dose adjustments. we examined this issue by retrospectively evaluating theophylline clp in children infected with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). two pharmacokinetic approaches were applied to a one-compartment open model to fit theophylline concentrations during 83 hospitalizations of 76 children, 6 to 48 months of age, who rec ... | 1992 | 1517927 |
| the limited role of the human interferon system response to respiratory syncytial virus challenge: analysis and comparison to influenza virus challenge. | the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-induced production of interferon (ifn) by human macrophages and mononuclear leukocytes (mnl) and the sensitivities of rsv to subtypes of ifn-alpha were examined and compared to ifn production induced by influenza virus. influenza virus induced high titers of total ifn bioactivity, transcription of the ifn-alpha 1 and ifn-beta gene products and production of ifn-gamma. in contrast, rsv induced minimal or no detectable total ifn activity, and the absence of if ... | 1992 | 1522795 |
| respiratory syncytial virus: a comparison of diagnostic modalities. | this study compared prospectively viral culture for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) with three rapid rsv antigen detection tests: rsv eia and testpack rsv (tp), and directigen rsv (dir). additionally two methods of specimen collection were compared: nasopharyngeal rub (rub) and nasopharyngeal wash (wash). true positives were defined as positive rsv viral culture or at least two positive antigen tests. one hundred ninety-eight wash specimens obtained from children 3 years of age or younger duri ... | 1992 | 1523070 |
| immunogenicity of recombinant adenovirus-respiratory syncytial virus vaccines with adenovirus types 4, 5, and 7 vectors in dogs and a chimpanzee. | recombinant adenovirus type 4, 5, and 7 expressing the fusion glycoprotein (f) gene, the attachment glycoprotein (g) gene, or both f and g genes of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was constructed. intratracheal immunization of dogs with ad7f induced moderate titers of rsv-neutralizing antibodies. after booster immunization with ad4f, the dogs developed high titers of rsv-specific antibody. subsequently, three two-dose vaccination regimens, ad4f/ad5f, ad7g/ad4g, and ad7fg/ad4fg, were compared w ... | 1992 | 1527411 |
| viral and mycoplasmal pneumonias: reviewing current concepts. | the pathogenesis of viral and mycoplasmal infections is probably similar, but pathologic findings vary, depending on the etiologic agent. in the absence of inclusion bodies in epithelial cells, definitive diagnosis of viral pneumonia depends on isolation of the virus. viral pneumonias are more insidious in onset than bacterial types. in the early stages, physical findings may be minimal. complications include those associated with viremia or bacterial superinfection. culture of a throat swab is ... | 1975 | 1105492 |
| protective activity of a human respiratory syncytial virus immune globulin prepared from donors screened by microneutralization assay. | to explore the feasibility of preparing a human immune globulin specific for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) by screening plasma donors, the ability of seven rsv antibody assays to identify plasma-yielding igg with high virus-neutralizing and animal-protective activities was compared. igg prepared from plasma units selected by microneutralization assay had significantly higher activity in protecting mice from respiratory rsv challenge than did iggs prepared from plasmas selected by three direc ... | 1992 | 1538152 |
| initiation of cytotoxic t-cell response and protection of balb/c mice by vaccination with an experimental iscoms respiratory syncytial virus subunit vaccine. | respiratory syncytial virus is an important human pathogen causing serious lower respiratory tract infections of children and elderly people. previous studies on the development of experimental subunit vaccines either expressed by recombinant dna technology or prepared from purified viral proteins absorbed on adjuvant (iscoms) have shown promise. the present work reports on the effectiveness of an experimental iscoms vaccine in initiating humoral and cell-mediated immune responses and in providi ... | 1992 | 1539463 |
| comparison of the ability of formalin-inactivated respiratory syncytial virus, immunopurified f, g and n proteins and cell lysate to enhance pulmonary changes in balb/c mice. | formalin-inactivated respiratory syncytial virus (fi-rsv), a lysate of hep-2 cells and proteins f, g and n, immunopurified from infected cell cultures, were compared for their ability to prevent infection and to enhance changes in lung cytology associated with rsv challenge. mice were immunized at three weekly intervals with serial dilutions of the preparations and challenged by the nasal route 1 week after the last injection; their lungs were analysed 4 days later. the concentration of the immu ... | 1992 | 1539464 |
| isolation, characterization, and pathogenicity studies of a bovine respiratory syncytial virus. | the isolation and characterization of a bovine respiratory syncytial (rs) virus is described. serological studies indicate that bovine rs virus is widespread in iowa cattle and that it is involved in some outbreaks of respiratory disease. experimental infection in calves indicates that the virus can cause illness in calves, particularly those with serum neutralizing antibody. | 1975 | 1119944 |
| studies on the epidemiology of child infections. 3. parainfluenza viruses (types 1-4) and respiratory syncytial virus infections. | a seroepidemiological study on the rate of neutralizing antibodies for parainfluenza viruses (types 1-4) and for the respiratory syncytial virus in 2,514 infants and children between 0 and 15 years, residing in bari and its hinterland was carried out. positive results were very high for both the individual parainfluenza serotypes (81.7% for type 3, 78.0% for type 1, 76.6% for type 4, 71.9% for type 2) and for respiratory syncytial virus (88.5%). the pattern of infections due to respiratory syncy ... | 1992 | 1335108 |
| class-specific antibodies to bovine respiratory syncytial virus in experimentally infected lambs. | enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (elisa) was used to titrate virus-specific igg, igm and iga levels in nasal secretions, lung lavage fluids and serum samples sequentially obtained from lambs experimentally infected with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). virus-specific igg and igm responses were measured by the indirect double antibody sandwich elisa using anti-bovine rsv monoclonal antibody, as capture antibody, and peroxidase-conjugated anti-sheep igg and anti-sheep igm. virus-specif ... | 1992 | 1547834 |
| human cytotoxic t cells stimulated by antigen on dendritic cells recognize the n, sh, f, m, 22k, and 1b proteins of respiratory syncytial virus. | we examined the human cytotoxic t-cell repertoire of nine adults to 9 of the 10 proteins of respiratory syncytial (rs) virus. peripheral blood mononuclear cells from normal adults were stimulated with rs virus in vitro. the resulting polyclonal cultures were tested for lysis of b-lymphoblastoid cell lines infected with recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing each of nine individual rs virus proteins. the use of peripheral blood dendritic cells to present antigen gave more easily reproducible res ... | 1992 | 1548754 |
| effect of changes in the nucleotide sequence of the p gene of respiratory syncytial virus on the electrophoretic mobility of the p protein. | a consensus sequence for the p protein gene of the rsn-2 strain of respiratory syncytial (rs) virus was obtained by pcr amplification of cdna obtained by reverse transcription. this established that the extent of sequence variation between two p genes of strains of antigenic subtype b is similar to that among a strains, confirming the conservation of p genes within subtypes and the divergence of the two antigenic subtypes of rs virus. the p protein of rs virus exhibits anomalous electrophoretic ... | 1992 | 1549911 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection of human primary nasal and bronchial epithelial cell cultures and bronchoalveolar macrophages. | in adults, clinical symptoms caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) are usually confined to the upper respiratory tract, whereas rsv infection in infants frequently causes bronchiolitis and pneumonia. the preferential localization of rsv infection to the upper airways may partially be due to protective immunity, but may also depend on a difference in susceptibility of epithelial cells from upper and lower airways, or on antiviral activities of bronchoalveolar macrophages (am). in this study ... | 1992 | 1550681 |
| reinfection of lambs with bovine respiratory syncytial virus. | eight lambs which were experimentally infected with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) when they were six to eight weeks old were challenged with the same virus seven months later. after reinfection, lambs developed mild clinical disease and the virus was isolated from nasal swabs from three lambs and peripheral blood from two lambs. reinfection resulted in changes in peripheral blood cell populations. there was an early increase in the number of cd8+ t lymphocytes and b (lca p220+) lympho ... | 1992 | 1553439 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection of alveolar macrophages in adult transplant patients. | pulmonary epithelial cells are thought to be the primary cellular targets for infection by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in vivo. to determine whether other pulmonary cells are infected by rsv, bronchoalveolar lavage cells from six adult transplant patients, four of whom had acute rsv infection, were examined by in situ immunohistochemistry to identify infected lung cells. both alveolar macrophages and epithelial cells were infected with rsv in vivo. at the single-cell level, three-color imm ... | 1992 | 1554223 |
| the efficacy of nebulized metaproterenol in wheezing infants and young children. | the benefit of beta-adrenergic agonists in the treatment of acutely wheezing infants and young children has not been well documented in the outpatient setting. to determine the efficacy of nebulized metaproterenol sulfate, 74 children aged 36 months or younger with acute wheezing participated in a double-masked, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. children received nebulized metaproterenol, either as an initial treatment or after a control treatment with normal saline solution. at bas ... | 1992 | 1558072 |
| mucosal t cell distribution during infection with respiratory syncytial virus. | groups of 12-week-old balb/c mice were inoculated intranasally with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and sacrificed at regular intervals after infection. t lymphocyte subset distribution was determined in lung tissue, bronchoalveolar lavage (bal), peripheral blood, and spleen by means of flow cytometry employing monoclonal antibodies against the t cell membrane antigens thy1.2 (pan-t), ly2 (cd8), and l3t4 (cd4). thy1.2+ cells increased in the lung from 35.4% of total lymphocytes before infectio ... | 1992 | 1564449 |
| cd4+ t cells clear virus but augment disease in mice infected with respiratory syncytial virus. comparison with the effects of cd8+ t cells. | respiratory syncytial (rs) virus-specific t cell lines were derived from the spleens of balb/c mice primed by intranasal infection with rs virus. the lines were expanded by repeated antigenic stimulation in vitro, and separated into cd4+ and cd8+ t cell-enriched fractions by immunomagnetic adhesion. the effects of passive transfer of these fractions into rs virus infected mice were observed. the most severe immunopathological changes were seen in mice receiving cd4+ cells. transfer of cd4+, cd8+ ... | 1992 | 1351433 |
| respiratory syncytial virus: a pediatric nursing plan of care. | thirty-three pediatric cases of respiratory syncytial viral (rsv) infections were treated at providence hospital's pediatric intensive care unit (picu), anchorage, ak, between september 1987 and march 1988. our 8-bed picu nursing and respiratory therapy staff learned effective techniques in caring for patients with rsv. our aim in this article is to share our approach in providing comprehensive care for patients with rsv infections. | 1992 | 1569520 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection reinforces reflex apnea in young lambs. | to evaluate the effect of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection on reflex apnea elicited by application of water on the laryngeal mucosa, 11 healthy, term lambs were chronically instrumented at 2 wk of age. six lambs were inoculated with bovine rsv, and five lambs were mock-infected. the lambs were studied awake and unsedated before and 4, 8, 14, and 21 d after infection. rsv infection was associated with slight rhinorrhea and with moderately increased tracheal mucous discharge. there was ... | 1992 | 1570205 |
| severe respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia after autologous bone marrow transplantation: a report of three cases and review. | three patients with acute leukemia who underwent autologous bone marrow transplantation (bmt) in complete remission, developed a severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) pneumonia, which was fatal in two. identification of rsv was made on the products of bronchoalveolar lavage by direct immunofluorescence. as already described by others, the initial course of rsv infection varies, depending on whether it occurs sooner or later after bmt with a better prognosis in the latter situation. treatment ... | 1992 | 1571714 |
| nosocomial infection with respiratory syncytial virus. | | 1992 | 1357459 |
| humoral immunity to respiratory syncytial virus infection in the elderly. | the relationship between serum immunoglobulins and the severity and risk of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in the institutionalized elderly was prospectively assessed during the winter of 1989-1990 at a 591 bed nursing home. forty rsv infections were identified out of 149 respiratory illnesses by isolation of the virus or by a greater than or equal to 4-fold rise in rsv-specific igg by eia. acute serum rsv igg levels were similar in those with rsv infection and those with non-rsv il ... | 1992 | 1573388 |
| assignment of mutant tsn19 (complementation group e) of respiratory syncytial virus to the p protein gene. | the mutation responsible for the temperature-sensitive (ts) phenotype of mutant tsn19 (complementation group e) of respiratory syncytial virus has been located to the p protein gene. viral protein synthesis was completely restricted at 39 degrees c, and the tsn19 p protein did not react with an anti-p monoclonal antibody (mab) (3-5) at 33 degrees c. reversion of temperature sensitivity restored reactivity with mab 3-5. nucleotide sequence determination and in vitro expression of cdna clones of p ... | 1992 | 1378878 |
| epitope specificities of human serum antibodies reactive with respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein. | respiratory syncytial (rs) virus continues to cause serious human respiratory disease and no prophylactic vaccine is yet available. serum antibodies to rs virus fusion protein (f) that have the appropriate specificities and activities could confer protection against severe rs virus infections. to explore human serum antibody responses to rs virus f we first characterised four epitopes on f and then measured the concentrations of human serum antibodies to these sites for 389 sera. individuals var ... | 1992 | 1379425 |
| an outbreak of respiratory syncytial virus in a bone marrow transplant center. | an outbreak of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection occurred among 31 patients in a marrow transplant center over a 13-week period beginning in january 1990. rsv infection was also documented in 35 family members and employees. of 18 patients with pneumonia, 14 (78%) died. none of 13 with upper respiratory infection died. preengraftment patients tended to develop pneumonia more frequently than did engrafted patients. early administration of ribavirin may have had a beneficial effect in pa ... | 1992 | 1583345 |
| characterization of two antigenic sites recognized by neutralizing monoclonal antibodies directed against the fusion glycoprotein of human respiratory syncytial virus. | two antigenic sites recognized by neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mabs) directed against the fusion (f) glycoprotein of human respiratory syncytial virus were mapped on the primary structure of the protein by (i) the identification of amino acid substitutions selected in antibody-escape mutants and (ii) the reactivity of synthetic peptides with mabs. the first site contained several overlapping epitopes which were located within the trypsin-resistant amino-terminal third of the large f1 subu ... | 1992 | 1383404 |
| an r.s.v.p. to r.s.v. (respiratory syncytial virus): declining mortality rates. | | 1992 | 1395656 |
| respiratory syncytial virus morbidity and mortality estimates in congenital heart disease patients: a recent experience. | to determine recent morbidity and mortality rates from respiratory syncytial virus infection in a pediatric congenital heart disease population. | 1992 | 1395661 |
| first-year infections after initial hospitalization in low birth weight infants with and without bronchopulmonary dysplasia. | symptoms of infection, specific infections, antibiotic course and hospitalizations were evaluated prospectively by using monthly questionnaires after initial hospitalization in 73 low birth weight (lbw) infants (less than 1751 g) and a subgroup of 19 infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (bpd) compared with 63 full-term controls matched for age, sex and home locality. the immunoglobulin g, a, m and e levels of the lbw infants were measured at corrected ages of 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 months. ... | 1992 | 1411318 |
| polylactosaminoglycan modification of the respiratory syncytial virus small hydrophobic (sh) protein: a conserved feature among human and bovine respiratory syncytial viruses. | we investigated the nature of the oligosaccharide modification of the glycosylated forms of the small hydrophobic integral membrane protein, sh (previously designated 1a), of respiratory syncytial (rs) virus. analysis of sh protein expressed in cells infected with rs virus or with a recombinant vaccinia virus revealed two glycosylated sh protein species, shg and shp, which contained n-linked carbohydrate residues. shp migrated diffusely on polyacrylamide gels, which suggested modification by pol ... | 1992 | 1413513 |
| effect of respiratory syncytial virus on adherence, colonization and immunity of non-typable haemophilus influenzae: implications for otitis media. | adherence of non-typable haemophilus influenzae to respiratory epithelium was evaluated in a cotton rat model of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. colonization with non-typable h. influenzae increased to a maximum within 4 days of rsv infection compared to rsv negative controls (4.58 +/- 0.17 vs 3.82 +/- 0.23 log colony forming units (cfu) per ml, p less than 0.05) and then declined over the subsequent 10 days (2.0 +/- 0 vs 3.78 +/- 0.39 cfu per ml, p less than 0.0001). in a second se ... | 1992 | 1592548 |
| effects of allergen challenge on plasma concentrations of prostaglandins, thromboxane b2, and histamine in calves infected with bovine respiratory syncytial virus. | to examine the influence of allergen-induced type-1 hypersensitivity on the pathogenesis of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) infection, we sensitized calves by aerosol to micropolyspora faeni (mf) and challenge exposed them during infection with brsv. the development of mf-specific ige serum concentrations was confirmed by elisa. the dynamics of arachidonic acid metabolism and histamine release during a type-1 hypersensitivity reaction in the bovine lung were studied by quantitating the ... | 1992 | 1416375 |
| direct detection of immunogold reactions by real-time video microscopy. | video-enhanced microscopy allows the detection and tracking of individual colloidal gold particles. the analysis of immunogold reactions can also be conducted as a function of time and thus allows the study of dynamic events in living cells. the direct visualization in real time is reported of the reaction of immunogold particles with a surface antigen. this time-resolved immunocytochemistry was achieved by continuous observation of living cells infected with a virus (respiratory syncytial virus ... | 1992 | 1429013 |
| approaches to immunization against respiratory syncytial virus. | | 1992 | 1600380 |
| successful therapy with ribavirin of late onset respiratory syncytial virus pneumonitis complicating allogeneic bone transplantation. | a 21-year-old patient developed interstitial pneumonitis nine months post bone marrow transplant for acute myeloblastic leukaemia. immunofluorescence of broncheoalveolar lavage fluid revealed the presence of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). aerosolized ribavarin therapy resulted in rapid resolution of the pneumonitis with full recovery without any side effects. ribavarin therapy should be considered early in the management of bmt patients who develop rsv pneumonitis. | 1992 | 1600691 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection in an adult with wegener's granulomatosis. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) has been documented as a pathogen in adults who are immunocompromised because of various underlying conditions. to our knowledge, this is the first report of a patient with wegener's granulomatosis (wg) and rsv infection resulting in a fatal outcome. | 1992 | 1600799 |
| serious respiratory tract disease caused by respiratory syncytial virus: prospects for improved therapy and effective immunization. | | 1992 | 1603639 |
| summertime respiratory syncytial virus infection: epidemiology and clinical manifestations. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a common serious pathogen known to produce annual winter epidemics in young children. a 2-year study of children with significant respiratory disease during the summer revealed a 21% incidence of rsv infection. respiratory secretions collected from ill children in the lsumc outpatient clinics, from children seen by private physicians, and from children hospitalized with respiratory tract disease were assayed for rsv antigens. approximately 39% of those survey ... | 1992 | 1604385 |
| [epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus infections in the canary islands]. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the major cause of lower respiratory tract infection in young children. outbreaks of rsv infection occur yearly during the winter or spring in temperate climates. our study of 634 hospitalized children under 3 years of age with bronchiolitis and pneumonia (november 1988 to january 1990) revealed that 227 (35.8%) had vrs infections. these cases showed a yearly epidemic pattern with 86.8% of the cases occurring during the winter. furthermore, 67.4% of the cases ... | 1992 | 1605415 |
| release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha from bovine alveolar macrophages stimulated with bovine respiratory viruses and bacterial endotoxins. | the release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha) from cultured bovine alveolar macrophages (bam) was evaluated following stimulation of bam with bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1), parainfluenza-3 (pi-3) virus, bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), escherichia coli 0111:b4 endotoxin, pasteurella haemolytica type 1 endotoxin, pasteurella multocida endotoxin, and virus/endotoxin combinations. a cytotoxic assay system using georgia bovine kidney cells as targets was used to measure tnf-alpha a ... | 1992 | 1312264 |
| molecular epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus: rapid identification of subgroup a lineages. | methods for the rapid analysis of samples of respiratory syncytial (rs) virus are described using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) followed by restriction mapping. isolates (either clinical samples or tissue culture grown virus) can readily be divided into subgroups and then further classified into lineages. these methods enable examination of large numbers of isolates by molecular techniques, thereby facilitating research into the molecular epidemiology of the virus. | 1992 | 1474135 |
| cotton rats previously immunized with a chimeric rsv fg glycoprotein develop enhanced pulmonary pathology when infected with rsv, a phenomenon not encountered following immunization with vaccinia--rsv recombinants or rsv. | in studies conducted in the 1960s, children previously immunized with a formalin-inactivated respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) vaccine (fi-rsv) developed a greater incidence and severity of pulmonary disease during subsequent natural rsv infection than did controls. it was previously shown that cotton rats immunized with fi-rsv or immunoaffinity-purified fusion (f) glycoprotein developed enhanced pulmonary histopathology following intranasal challenge with rsv. in the present studies, various fo ... | 1992 | 1609551 |
| [common cold: diagnostic steps? antibiotics?]. | the common cold is caused by more than 100 virus types. however, the clinical manifestation is always similar with rhinorrhea, stuffiness, sneezing, pharyngitis, laryngitis and cough. the local inflammatory reactions are not due to the presence of virus but caused by locally produced inflammatory mediators. bacterial superinfections may cause otitis or sinusitis. bacterial nasopharyngitis has been described in children. this entity possibly exists also in adults. traditional viral cultures are r ... | 1992 | 1615453 |
| recent observations regarding the pathogenesis of recurrent respiratory syncytial virus infections: implications for vaccine development. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and influenza virus are common pathogens for all age groups. currently licensed influenza virus vaccines generally provide protection from clinically detectable disease caused by antigenically matched challenging viruses. in contrast, vaccine development for rsv has been hampered by the inability of candidate vaccines to induce protective immunity to naturally occurring infection. the precise mechanism(s) responsible for the rsv vaccine failures have not been de ... | 1992 | 1621415 |
| [induction of il2 responsiveness in allergen-stimulated lymphocytes from children with post respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection]. | induced interleukin 2 (il2) responsiveness in allergen-stimulated lymphocytes from children with post respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection was studied. induction of il2 responsiveness in the patients lymphocytes was observed upon stimulation with allergens such as dermatophgoides farinae (df) antigen, ovalbumin (ova) and alpha-casein. such responses were not induced in age-matched normal lymphocytes. maximum response was shown in lymphocytes from children who had been suffering from the i ... | 1992 | 1622335 |
| immunoglobulin g antibody avidity in patients with respiratory syncytial virus infection. | the titer and avidity of respiratory syncytial virus-specific antibodies were measured in 196 serum specimens from 93 children with an acute, laboratory-confirmed respiratory syncytial virus infection. an enzyme immunoassay method based on the ability of urea to dissociate the bound antibodies with low avidity from the antigen was used. three patterns of immune responses were observed. children less than 6 months of age usually had low titers of antibodies with high avidity in their acute-phase ... | 1992 | 1624567 |
| rapid diagnosis of respiratory viral infections by using a shell vial assay and monoclonal antibody pool. | we compared the detection of seven respiratory viruses by using a commercially available monoclonal antibody pool in a 2-day shell vial assay with that by using standard cell culture with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa)-negative nasal secretions from hospitalized children. we found 179 respiratory virus isolates by either method in 675 specimens. overall, the shell vial assay detected 147 of 179 (79%) of the positives after 2 days; cell culture detecte ... | 1992 | 1624569 |
| detection of respiratory syncytial virus in acute bronchiolitis in infants. | direct detection of respiratory syncytial (rs) virus antigen in nasopharyngeal secretions (nps) provides the most rapid diagnostic test for rs infection, but more sensitive methods might be more beneficial in the study of virus shedding. rs virus rna was extracted from cells stored at -70 degrees c either in suspension with added rnase inhibitor or as a pellet without inhibitor. the rna was reverse transcribed, the resultant cdna amplified by the polymerase chain reaction and detected by ethidiu ... | 1992 | 1474378 |
| oesophageal foreign body: an unusual cause of respiratory symptoms in a three-week-old baby. | impaction of a foreign body in the oesophagus is common in children. if the event is not witnessed by an adult or the object is radiolucent the diagnosis is difficult as respiratory symptoms may predominate. we report a three-week-old child with respiratory symptoms who had both a respiratory syncytial virus infection and a radio-lucent oesophageal foreign body. this case is the youngest yet reported and serves as a remainder of the difficulties in the diagnosis of this important condition. | 1992 | 1624897 |
| synthesis and antiviral properties of (+/-)-5'-noraristeromycin and related purine carbocyclic nucleosides. a new lead for anti-human cytomegalovirus agent design. | (+/-)-5'-noraristeromycin (3) has been prepared in three steps beginning with the 2,3-o-isopropylidene derivative of (+/-)-(1 alpha, 2 beta, 3 beta, 4 alpha)-4-amino-1,2,3-cyclopentanetriol (7). also prepared from the same starting material were the related hypoxanthine (4), guanine (5), and 2,6-diaminopurine (6) analogues. compounds 3-6 were evaluated for antiviral activity against a large number of viruses with marked activity being observed for 3 towards vaccinia virus, human cytomegalovirus, ... | 1992 | 1326633 |
| effects of vaccination against 18 immunogens in beef replacement heifers at weaning. | humoral immune responses to vaccination, mean daily body-weight gains, morbidity, and mortality were compared in groups of beef replacement heifers from weaning to 4 months after weaning. the only difference in management among groups of heifers was the number and type of vaccines they received. heifers were vaccinated at weaning (mean age, 205 days) and again 28 days later against 0, 1, 9, 10, 17, or 18 antigens, using commercially available monovalent and multivalent vaccines. the common vacci ... | 1992 | 1517133 |
| [infectious agents associated with exacerbations of chronic obstructive bronchopneumopathies and asthma attacks]. | infections of the respiratory airways are frequently responsible for exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) and attacks of asthma. however, the causal infectious agents in practice are rarely precisely identified. we have undertaken a prospective study with the aim of researching into the bacteria and viruses associated with these exacerbations. forty-seven patients who were in hospital between 1987 and 1989 for attacks of asthma (13 episodes) or exacerbations of copd (35 ... | 1992 | 1565831 |