Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| serum immunoglobulin g antibody subclass response to respiratory syncytial virus f and g glycoproteins after first, second, and third infections. | serum samples from 31 children who experienced two or three infections with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in the first four years of life were tested in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to examine the immunoglobulin g (igg) subclass responses to the rsv f and g surface glycoproteins associated with primary infection and reinfection. we sought to determine whether the greater degree of glycosylation of the g glycoprotein was reflected in an igg subclass immune response more like that to a ... | 1989 | 2715331 |
| [outbreak of respiratory syncytial virus in a neonatal unit]. | described is an outbreak of nosocomial rsv infection, following the admission of a 20-day-old and 11-day-old newborn with lower respiratory infections, diagnosed as being caused by rsv through detection of viral antigens by direct fat (fluorescent antibody test) of nasopharyngeal samples. later on, 5 of the other 20 newborn in patients in the same care unit also showed positive results in direct fat, for rsv. the clinical manifestations of these patients were mild even in those cases with underl ... | 1989 | 2679277 |
| immunization of cotton rats with the fusion (f) and large (g) glycoproteins of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) protects against rsv challenge without potentiating rsv disease. | a formalin-inactivated respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) vaccine tested 22 years ago failed to protect infant vaccinees against rsv infection or disease. instead, lower respiratory tract disease was enhanced during subsequent infection by rsv. enhancement of pulmonary pathology is also observed when cotton rats are immunized with formalin-inactivated rsv and subsequently infected with this virus. a major question that must be addressed for each new paramyxovirus vaccine is whether the immunogen ... | 1989 | 2692334 |
| rna fingerprinting of respiratory syncytial virus using ribonuclease protection. application to molecular epidemiology. | we have used the technique of ribonuclease protection to define genomic variation among circulating isolates of subgroup a respiratory syncytial (rs) virus. rnas extracted from hep-2 cells infected with strains to be analyzed were hybridized with a 32p-labeled rna probe corresponding to the rs virus g glycoprotein (a2 strain). areas of nonhomology were detected by cleavage with ribonuclease a. using this technique, multiple distinct rna cleavage patterns could be distinguished among viral isolat ... | 1989 | 2723064 |
| the tucson children's respiratory study. ii. lower respiratory tract illness in the first year of life. | lower respiratory tract illnesses occurring during the first year of life in 1,179 healthy infants enrolled in the children's respiratory study, tucson, arizona, are described. the children, who use the pediatricians of a health maintenance organization, were enrolled into the study between may 1980 and january 1984. data were collected on signs, symptoms, and diagnosis for each illness; nasopharyngeal and throat swabs were collected at the acute visit for viral, chlamydial, and mycoplasmal cult ... | 1989 | 2729259 |
| duration of hospitalization in previously well infants with respiratory syncytial virus infection. | to describe the typical hospital course of infection in previously well infants hospitalized with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection, we reviewed the charts of 196 patients with laboratory-proved respiratory syncytial virus infection in the 1987-1988 respiratory disease season. eighty-seven of the children had been previously well. their mean duration of hospitalization was 3.4 days. previously well infants younger than 6 weeks of age experienced significantly longer hospitalizations an ... | 1989 | 2797955 |
| characterization of prolonged apneic episodes associated with respiratory syncytial virus infection. | we used high-speed polygraphic recordings to document in detail the sequence of events during prolonged apneic spells in two infants with respiratory syncytial viral (rsv) infection. also, we elicited upper airway reflexes by stimulating the airway with saline during sleep. spontaneous prolonged apneic spells were recorded in both infants, and these consisted of two distinctly different apnea types. a number of similarities between apnea of prematurity, upper airway reflex apnea and the apneas i ... | 1989 | 2717245 |
| immunoglobulin-class-specific immune response to respiratory syncytial virus structural proteins in infants, children, and adults. | the protein specificities of igg, igm, and iga antibodies induced during respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in 74 patients (4 weeks to 81 years of age) were investigated using the technique of immunoblotting. although the pattern of antibody reactivity varied among patients, most of the humoral immune response in all age groups was directed against the 48, 42, 35, and 27 k proteins. an infant's own antibody response was discernible in 55 of the 57 children below 1 year of age, despite t ... | 1989 | 2723614 |
| pathogenesis of naturally acquired bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection in calves: morphologic and serologic findings. | lesions in 32 calves that died or were euthanatized during the course of severe natural infection with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) are described. all calves had been dyspneic for 1 to 2 days. at necropsy, lesions that could be related to dyspnea included congested and cyanotic mucosae and widespread petechiae. the lungs had various lesions in the cranioventral (cv) and caudodorsal (cd) portions. the cv portion of the lungs was consolidated, firm, and edematous. histologically, the ... | 1989 | 2729714 |
| fatty acid acylation of the fusion glycoprotein of human respiratory syncytial virus. | we describe the covalent attachment of palmitate to the fusion glycoprotein of respiratory syncytial virus and the identification of the attachment site. labeling of respiratory syncytial virus-infected vero cells with [3h]palmitate, followed by the purification and subsequent analysis of the fusion glycoprotein in conjunction with polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, demonstrated that the fatty acid is covalently attached to the f1 subunit of the fusion glycoprotein. the bound palmitate was sens ... | 1989 | 2732224 |
| in vitro enhancement of respiratory syncytial virus infection of u937 cells by human sera. | human sera containing respiratory syncytial (rs) virus-specific antibodies enhance rs virus infection of the u937 macrophage cell line. there was an increase in the number of cells expressing virus antigen when u937 cells were infected with rs virus in the presence of human serum compared to cells infected in the absence of human serum. human sera enhanced virus yield, as measured by the cell-released infectious virus, by an average of 50-fold compared to virus infection in the absence of human ... | 1989 | 2732688 |
| immune response to experimentally induced infection with respiratory syncytial virus: possible role in the development of pulmonary disease. | groups of mice were immunized intraperitoneally with hep-2 lysate or respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-infected hep-2 cells with or without adjuvant(s). the animals were subsequently challenged intranasally (i.n.) with rsv and/or hep-2 lysate and studied for rsv shedding in the lung, antigen-specific antibody response and pulmonary histopathology. a significant decrease in virus shedding was detected in each of four groups of animals immunized with a virus preparation and in two of four groups t ... | 1989 | 2732693 |
| analysis of the antibody response to bovine respiratory syncytial virus proteins in calves. | the antibody response in calves to natural infections with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) was analysed by radioimmunoprecipitation assays. antibodies to virus proteins of mr 200k (l), 87k (g), 46k (f1), 41k (n), 35k (p), 28k and 24k (f2), 27k (m), 22k and less than 14k could be identified. recovery of 6- to 7-month-old calves from severe brsv-associated disease was accompanied by the development of an antibody response to the virus, which was directed mainly o the f and n proteins. ca ... | 1989 | 2732702 |
| polypeptides of pneumonia virus of mice. i. immunological cross-reactions and post-translational modifications. | a murine polyclonal antiserum and monoclonal antibodies have been employed to identify pneumonia virus of mice (pvm) polypeptides in infected cells and to study post-translational modifications. immunoprecipitation experiments using a murine polyclonal antiserum and a monoclonal antibody directed against a 39k protein have established an antigenic relationship between two pvm proteins and the n and p proteins of human respiratory syncytial virus. although 20 virus-specific polypeptides have been ... | 1989 | 2732719 |
| polypeptides of pneumonia virus of mice. ii. characterization of the glycoproteins. | the kinetics of synthesis and the nature of the oligosaccharides of the glycoproteins of pneumonia virus of mice (pvm) were studied. tryptic peptide mapping showed that the two major glycosylated polypeptides g1 and g2 were different forms of the same protein. g2 was derived from g1 which in turn appeared to be derived from an unidentified precursor. the g1/g2 protein of pvm is probably a haemagglutinin since a monoclonal antibody directed against it has a high haemagglutination inhibition titre ... | 1989 | 2732720 |
| bronchial reactivity in infants in acute respiratory failure with viral bronchiolitis. | airway reactivity and the effects of bronchodilators in infants are controversial. we studied the response to bronchodilator treatment in 14 mechanically ventilated infants (mean age, 2.74 months; range, 0.6-5.9) in respiratory failure caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-associated bronchiolitis. sixteen infants without lung disease, undergoing elective surgery, provided normal values. maximum expiratory deflation flow-volume (dfv) curves were produced by manual inflation of the lungs wi ... | 1989 | 2748221 |
| prevalence of respiratory syncytial virus subgroups over six consecutive outbreaks: 1981-1987. | indirect immunofluorescence with strain-specific monoclonal antibodies was used to determine the phenotype of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) isolates obtained from infants hospitalized in greater boston over six successive outbreaks from 1981 to 1987. of 981 isolates, 591 (60%) were classified as subgroup a and 383 (39%) as subgroup b. the prevalence of subgroups varied both between and within yearly outbreaks. in 1983-84 and 1984-85, both subgroups circulated concurrently and in almost equal ... | 1989 | 2760479 |
| the frequency, distribution and effects of antibodies, to seven putative respiratory pathogens, on respiratory disease and weight gain in feedlot calves in ontario. | during 1983-85, 279 calves requiring treatment for bovine respiratory disease and 290 comparison (control) animals from 15 different groups of feedlot calves were bled on arrival and again at 28 days postarrival. their sera were then analyzed for antibodies to seven putative respiratory pathogens. on arrival, the prevalences of indirect agglutination titers to pasteurella haemolytica, p. haemolytica cytotoxin, mycoplasma bovis and m. dispar were greater than 50%, the prevalence of titers to bovi ... | 1989 | 2766158 |
| the detection of bovine respiratory syncytial virus in formalin fixed bovine lung with commercially available monoclonal antibodies and avidin biotin complex immunohistochemistry. | eight commercially available monoclonal antibodies directed against respiratory syncytial virus antigens were tested for ability to detect bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) antigen in formalin fixed, paraffin embedded bovine lung using avidin-biotin complex immunohistochemical staining. monoclonal antibodies from clone 18b2 purchased from biosoft, paris, france and those from clone 8g12 purchased from the department of veterinary sciences, university of nebraska, lincoln, nebraska staine ... | 1989 | 2766160 |
| use of nasal and pharyngeal swabs for rapid detection of respiratory syncytial virus and adenovirus antigens by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | nasal and pharyngeal swabs from 134 children with acute respiratory diseases were examined for the presence of respiratory syncytial (rs) virus and adenovirus antigens by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). the results were compared with those obtained by virus isolation and serology. altogether, 56 rs virus-positive (prospective study), 51 adenovirus-positive (retrospective study), and 27 negative (prospective study) samples were examined. the sensitivities of elisa were 96 and 98% for r ... | 1989 | 2768473 |
| evidence that the fusion protein of respiratory syncytial virus exists as a dimer in its native form. brief report. | the quaternary structure of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) fusion protein has been studied. crosslinking studies were done to stabilize the noncovalently associated proteins. these stable, heat-resistant, covalently linked complexes were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide electrophoresis. in situ crosslinking studies demonstrated that the fusion protein of rsv exists as a dimer in its native form on the surface of infected cells. the purified protein was also found to be presen ... | 1989 | 2774976 |
| immunoglobulin a antibody response to respiratory syncytial virus structural proteins in colostrum and milk. | immunoglobulin a (iga) antibody response to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) structural proteins in colostrum and milk was investigated by a radioimmunoprecipitation assay. by using [35s]methionine-labeled rsv-infected hep-2 cells and antiserum to human iga as the capture antibody, iga antibody responses to large glycoprotein, fusion protein, nucleoprotein, phosphoprotein, and matrix protein were demonstrated in colostrum and milk. the iga antibody response was mainly directed against fusion pr ... | 1989 | 2778061 |
| evaluation of exposure of health care personnel to ribavirin. | reports that ribavirin was teratogenic in animals raised concerns of female health care personnel about possible occupational exposure during the care of infants having respiratory syncytial virus infections. under simulated operational conditions, experiments were conducted to measure ribavirin residues in room air, in surface wipe samples, and in personal sampling devices worn by volunteers. there was exposure to a dispersible dust, presumably dried ribavirin, deposited inside the croupette or ... | 1989 | 2778845 |
| failure to detect antibody to bovine respiratory syncytial virus in bovine fetal serum. | sera obtained from 147 bovine fetuses estimated to be between 120 and 270 days of gestation at an abattoir were tested for antibody to bovine respiratory syncytial virus. antibody to bovine respiratory syncytial virus was not detected in any of the sera examined. based on the results of this study and a review of the literature, it appears that transplacental infection by bovine respiratory syncytial virus does not occur, or is uncommon. | 1989 | 2914217 |
| characterization of bovine respiratory syncytial virus proteins and mrnas and generation of cdna clones to the viral mrnas. | we have characterized the proteins and mrnas of bovine respiratory syncytial (brs) virus strain 391-2 and constructed cdna clones corresponding to 9 of the 10 brs virus mrnas. the proteins of brs virus-infected cells were compared with the proteins from human respiratory syncytial (hrs) virus-infected cells. nine proteins specific to brs virus-infected cells, corresponding to nine hrs virus proteins, were identified. only a brs virus polymerase protein remains to be identified. the brs virus g g ... | 1989 | 2911122 |
| respiratory syncytial virus-specific antibody responses in immunoglobulin a and e isotypes to the f and g proteins and to intact virus after natural infection. | we studied the antibody response to the fusion (f) and attachment (g) proteins of respiratory syncytial virus and to purified intact virus in the respiratory secretions of 29 infants and children. the goal of the study was to determine whether the immune response to either of the glycoproteins occurred predominantly in the immunoglobulin a (iga) as opposed to the ige isotype, which would indicate that one protein subunit would be a better candidate as a potential vaccine. antibody responses were ... | 1989 | 2915022 |
| role of ige in the pathogenesis of bovine respiratory syncytial virus in sequential infections in vaccinated and nonvaccinated calves. | a study was undertaken to evaluate the possible role of ige in the pathogenesis of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) infection. fifteen calves were allotted at random to 3 treatment groups. one group of 6 calves was vaccinated with attenuated brsv vaccine before live-virus challenge exposure, another group of 6 was not vaccinated before challenge exposure, and the remaining 3 calves served as controls (nonvaccinated, nonchallenge exposed). calves of the 2 experimental groups were exposed ... | 1989 | 2930022 |
| effect of breast feeding on the development of anti-idiotype antibody response to f glycoprotein of respiratory syncytial virus in infant mice after post-partum maternal immunization. | groups of lactating balb/c mice were immunized in the immediate postpartum period with high doses of mab (ab-1) to the f-glycoprotein (f-gp) of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). this antibody possessed neutralizing activity against the whole virus. the immune response to f-gp was studied in the breast feeding infant mice of such mothers at regular intervals before and after weaning. all infant mice exhibited anti-f-gp activity in serum, which was detected until 6 wk of age. splenic cells of suc ... | 1989 | 2926142 |
| production of interferon in respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. | production of interferon alfa in vitro was significantly reduced during acute respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis but subsequently returned to normal. nasopharyngeal and endotracheal interferon alfa were detected intermittently and in low concentrations. the degree of impairment of in vitro production and poor in vivo production of interferon alfa suggest the need for a therapeutic trial of nebulised or systemic interferon in acute bronchiolitis. | 1989 | 2923479 |
| fatal respiratory syncytial virus pneumonitis in a previously healthy child. | 1989 | 2913902 | |
| respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia in a human immunodeficiency virus-infected man. | 1989 | 2915431 | |
| respiratory syncytial virus outbreak on american samoa. evaluation of risk factors. | acute respiratory illness is one of the leading causes of childhood mortality in developing nations. we investigated an increase in hospitalizations of children less than 2 years old for severe lower respiratory tract illness (lri) from october 1986 through december 1986 on the island of american samoa. hospitalization rates were highest in children less than 6 months of age (60 of 1000 compared with 22 of 1000 for those 6 to 11 months of age, and seven of 1000 for those 12 to 24 months of age). ... | 1989 | 2916509 |
| a concurrent epidemic of respiratory syncytial virus and echovirus 7 infections in an intensive care nursery. | we describe concurrent outbreaks of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and echovirus 7 (echo 7) infections in a neonatal intensive care unit, including infants who had dual infections. seventy-three infants were identified as having rsv from january through june, 1984. during the same surveillance period echo 7 was cultured from 20 infants, and 6 infants had concurrent rsv and echo 7 and rsv were isolated, but not concurrently. this dual outbreak of rsv and echo 7 infections persisted for months ... | 1989 | 2922234 |
| respiratory syncytial virus: occurrence of subgroups a and b strains in rio de janeiro. | 1990 | 2152204 | |
| the small hydrophobic protein of human respiratory syncytial virus: comparison between antigenic subgroups a and b. | the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the mrna and predicted polypeptide of the integral membrane small hydrophobic (sh) protein of human respiratory syncytial virus strain 18537 (a prototype strain of antigenic subgroup b) were determined from cloned cdna. at the nucleotide and amino acid levels there was 78% and 76% identity, respectively, with the previously described sh mrna and protein of strain a2 (a prototype strain of subgroup a). most of the amino acid substitutions occurred in the ... | 1990 | 2374008 |
| paget's disease of bone and previous pet ownership in the united states: dogs exonerated. | paget's disease of bone is currently believed to be the result of a paramyxovirus infection of osteoclasts. previously reported immunohistological data have suggested that a virus resembling either the measles virus or a respiratory syncytial virus is the probable causative agent, but no organism has been isolated or definitively identified to date. a recent study reporting an increased exposure to dogs during childhood and adolescence in a small series of cases from the north west of england pr ... | 1990 | 2376461 |
| respiratory syncytial virus. | 1990 | 2377106 | |
| induction of a neutralizing immune response to human respiratory syncytial virus with anti-idiotypic antibodies. | anti-idiotypic (anti-id) antibodies were raised in rabbits against monoclonal antibodies that recognized either f glycoprotein 47f or g glycoprotein 63g, 62g, or 74g of the human respiratory syncytial virus long strain. anti-id sera inhibited the virus binding of the immunizing monoclonal antibodies and in some cases the binding of other antibodies reacting with overlapping epitopes. the anti-id sera also inhibited virus neutralization mediated by the original monoclonal antibodies. affinity pur ... | 1990 | 2384917 |
| detection of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infected cells by in situ hybridization in the lungs of cotton rats immunized with formalin-inactivated virus or purified rsv f and g glycoprotein subunit vaccine and challenged with rsv. | the replication of rsv in unimmunized cotton rats was evaluated by quantitating the amount of infectious virus in the lung and the number of rsv infected cells in a histopathological section of lung by in situ hybridization. rsv infected cells were detected only in alveoli and bronchioles and constituted only a small minority of the cell population. the temporal patterns of rise to the peak number of infected cells (day 4) and the peak titer of infectious virus (day 3) were similar. the clearanc ... | 1990 | 2385958 |
| [seroepidemiologic studies of the agent of respiratory diseases in cattle]. | in a period of three years epidemiological studies were carried out in styria concerning the occurrence of antibodies against brsv (bovine respiratory syncytial virus), adeno i species 3-virus, adeno ii species 8-virus, pi-iii (parainfluenza 3-virus), ibr/ipv-virus and chlamydia. a total of 1376 serum samples were examined and showed different titers of specific antibodies against respiratory pathogens. 449 blood samples were submitted to serological examinations in the year 1984, 525 in 1985 an ... | 1990 | 2387232 |
| establishment of an attenuated strain of bovine respiratory syncytial virus for live virus vaccine. | to develop a live virus vaccine for the prevention of bovine respiratory syncytial (brs) virus infection in calves, an attempt was made to produce an attenuated virus. the rs-52 strain of brs virus, isolated from the nasal secretions of a naturally infected calf, was subjected to serial passages in adult hamster lung established (hal) cells at 30 degrees c and the attenuated rs-52 strain as a live virus vaccine was established. the rs-52 strain multiplied better at 30 degrees c than at 34 or 37 ... | 1990 | 2391771 |
| igg-subclass-specific antibody reactivity to respiratory syncytial virus polypeptides investigated by western blot. | igg1 and igg3 subclass-specific antibody reactivity (abr) in serum samples obtained from infants and children in relation to acute lower respiratory disease caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection was investigated by western blot. igg1 abr was directed against the nucleocapsid polypeptides vpn and vpp as well as against the glycoproteins gp48 (f1) and gp90. igg3 abr was directed only against vpn and vpp. in infants, a low igg1 reactivity against glycoproteins was observed. when ser ... | 1990 | 2392617 |
| the 22,000-kilodalton protein of respiratory syncytial virus is a major target for kd-restricted cytotoxic t lymphocytes from mice primed by infection. | recombinant vaccinia viruses containing the 22-kilodalton protein (matrixlike or 22k protein) or phosphoprotein gene from respiratory syncytial virus were constructed. these recombinant viruses expressed proteins which were immunoprecipitated by appropriate respiratory syncytial virus antibodies and comigrated with authentic proteins produced by respiratory syncytial virus infection. the new recombinant viruses (and others previously described containing the attachment glycoprotein, fusion, or n ... | 1990 | 2319650 |
| molecular cloning of pneumonia virus of mice. | cdna clones representing nine genes of pneumonia virus of mice (pvm) have been generated. the sizes of the corresponding mrnas and a provisional transcriptional map of the virus genome have been determined. the apparent gene order is very similar to that of respiratory syncytial virus. the sequences adjacent to the 3' termini of the pvm genes were determined and are very similar to those of respiratory syncytial virus. several pvm gene polypeptide products have been assigned. | 1990 | 2319655 |
| [a bronchiolitis epidemic caused by respiratory syncytial viruses]. | in the typical period of the year (autumn-winter 1986-1987) an outbreak of bronchiolitis in infants caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) occurred. the acute course of the illness, a severe clinical picture, and a very fast spread of infection called for the very rapid techniques for detecting the etiological agent. applying the direct immunofluorescent antibody test (dfta) in samples of nasopharyngeal secretions, rsv was found to be responsible for the epidemic. later the same samples of ... | 1990 | 2396494 |
| impact of treatment guidelines on use of ribavirin. | during the 1987 through 1988 seasonal peak of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), 177 courses of ribavirin were administered at st christopher's hospital for children, a tertiary care medical center in philadelphia, pa. charts were reviewed on 100 treated patients with proved or suspected rsv disease to determine adherence to american academy of pediatrics treatment guidelines. ninety-four percent fulfilled criteria for the risk of significant morbidity: cardiac, pulmonary, or immunodeficiency co ... | 1990 | 2396611 |
| pathogenesis of bovine respiratory syncytial virus in experimentally infected lambs. | twenty-four 6-8-week-old conventionally reared lambs were inoculated intranasally and intratracheally with bovine respiratory syncytial virus. infected lambs showed mild clinical signs characterized by slight serous nasal discharge, coughing, lachrymation and bronchovascular sounds on the middle part of the lung 5-9 days post-inoculation (pi). virus was isolated in nasal swabs from 9 of 24 lambs between 3 and 7 days pi. however, virus was recovered from tracheal and lung tissue of all lambs kill ... | 1990 | 2402874 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children. | 1990 | 2380825 | |
| high-dose, short-duration ribavirin aerosol therapy in children with suspected respiratory syncytial virus infection. | nine children (aged 6 weeks to 7 years) with suspected respiratory syncytial virus infection received aerosal treatment with ribavirin, 60 mg/ml for 2-hour periods three times daily for up to 5 days. five children received treatment via an endotracheal tube and four via an oxygen hood. blood samples (3 to 17 per patient) and respiratory secretions (4 to 23 per patient) were assayed for ribavirin with reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. ribavirin triphosphate in erythrocytes was ... | 1990 | 2380833 |
| bronchiolitis in tropical south india. | in a prospective hospital-based study of 328 children under 5 years of age with acute lower respiratory infections, 114 (35%) were diagnosed to have acute bronchiolitis. of them, 87 (76%) were less than 1 year and 107 (94%) were less than 2 years of age. signs of severe lower respiratory infections, namely tachypnea (respiratory rate greater than 50/min) and subcostal retraction, were present in 95% and 93%, respectively. of 88 children of whom roentgenographs were taken, 30 (34%) had evidence o ... | 1990 | 2396617 |
| increased susceptibility to pasteurella haemolytica in lambs infected with bovine respiratory syncytial virus. | groups of conventionally reared, 6- to 8-week-old lambs were inoculated intranasally and intratracheally with either bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) or brsv followed by pasteurella haemolytica 6 days later or with p. haemolytica alone. lambs infected with p. haemolytica 6 days after experimental infection with brsv had significantly higher disease scores, greater magnitudes of fever, and higher mortality rates than those infected with brsv alone or with p. haemolytica alone (p less tha ... | 1990 | 2079556 |
| the efficacy of intranasal interferon alpha-2a in respiratory syncytial virus infection in volunteers. | in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study, self-administered intranasal interferon alpha-2a or placebo was given both before and after challenge with respiratory syncytial virus. the incidence of colds and the severity of signs and symptoms were reduced in those receiving interferon alpha-2a as compared with those given placebo. in a further double-blind, placebo-controlled study, self-administered interferon alpha-2a or placebo was given only to those volunteers who developed colds following ... | 1990 | 2080867 |
| variation in severity of respiratory syncytial virus infections with subtype. | two major subtypes of respiratory syncytial virus have been identified. this study assessed the hypothesis that a-subtype infections were more severe than b-subtype infections among the 157 infants hospitalized in two hospitals in rochester, n.y., during two winters. severity was measured both by specific clinical observations and by a severity index that was derived empirically. among all subjects, several clinical observations suggested that a-subtype infections were more severe. for example, ... | 1990 | 2115082 |
| differentiation of respiratory syncytial virus subgroups with cdna probes in a nucleic acid hybridization assay. | a new approach to respiratory syncytial (rs) virus subgroup determination was developed by using a simple nucleic acid filter hybridization technique. by this method, virus-infected cells are bound and fixed in a single step, and the viral rna in the fixed-cell preparation is characterized directly by its ability to hybridize to cdna probes specific for either the a or b subgroups of rs virus. the subgroup-specific probes were constructed from cdna clones that corresponded to a portion of the ex ... | 1990 | 2118548 |
| comparison of directigen rsv with viral isolation and direct immunofluorescence for the identification of respiratory syncytial virus. | an enzyme immunoassay membrane test (directigen rsv) for the detection of respiratory syncytial virus in clinical specimens was compared prospectively with isolation in cell culture and direct immunofluorescence (if). a total of 315 nasopharyngeal wash specimens from pediatric patients were examined. directigen rsv was 86.1% sensitive and 91.3% specific for specimens positive by isolation in cell culture and/or if, with 88.6% agreement. the false-positive rate was 16%; 2 of 20 specimens giving f ... | 1990 | 2182668 |
| rapid detection of respiratory syncytial virus in nasopharyngeal specimens obtained with the rhinoprobe scraper. | we compared the rhinoprobe scraping technique for collection of superficial nasal mucosa epithelial cells and rapid detection of respiratory syncytial virus by immunofluorescence with paired, swab-collected specimens for virus culture from 1,257 infants and children with acute respiratory infections. compared with viral culture as the reference test, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the immunofluorescence test were 83.6, 93.6, and 91.3%, respectively. we found the rhinoprobe method ... | 1990 | 2185261 |
| mechanism of antibody-mediated viral clearance in immunotherapy of respiratory syncytial virus infection of cotton rats. | antibody-mediated clearance of respiratory syncytial virus from cotton rat pulmonary tissues occurs in the absence of complement and in the absence of the fc portion of the immunoglobulin g molecule, suggesting that complement-independent, cell-independent neutralization is the major mechanism of clearance. | 1990 | 2186179 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection. a brief review of epidemiology and current research in china. | 1990 | 2119965 | |
| evaluation of five methods for respiratory syncytial virus detection. | a total of 117 nasal aspirates were cultured for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and tested for rsv antigen by a direct fluorescent-antibody (dfa) test (bartels immunodiagnostic supplies, inc., bellevue, wash.), the directigen enzyme immunoassay (eia; becton dickinson microbiology systems, cockeysville, md.), the testpack eia (abbott laboratories, north chicago, ill.), and rsv eia (abbott). agreement of two of five methods or a positive rsv culture were required to validate a result. a total o ... | 1990 | 2191003 |
| excessive secretion of antidiuretic hormone in infections with respiratory syncytial virus. | the association between infections with respiratory syncytial virus and plasma concentrations of antidiuretic hormone was assessed in 48 patients who had been admitted to hospital. the mean (sem) concentration of antidiuretic hormone was significantly raised in patients with bronchiolitis (9.3 (1.4) ng/l) compared with non-pulmonary respiratory syncytial virus infections that cause apnoea or upper respiratory tract symptoms (6.1 (1.7) ng/l). the highest concentrations of antidiuretic hormone wer ... | 1990 | 2123382 |
| a study of nonbacterial agents of acute lower respiratory tract infection in thai children. | from january 1986 to december 1987, 596 children less than 5 years of age with lower respiratory tract infection (lri)--manifested as laryngitis, croup, bronchitis, bronchiolitis, and pneumonia--were studied for evidence of infection with respiratory tract viruses mycoplasma pneumoniae, and chlamydia trachomatis. of the 596 children in the study, 315 were ambulatory and 281 were hospitalized. virologic studies included isolation and rapid diagnosis of virus from specimens of nasopharyngeal aspir ... | 1990 | 2125359 |
| a rapid test for detection of respiratory syncytial virus in nasopharyngeal secretion. | a new rapid membrane enzyme immunoassay (meia; directigen rsv) for detection of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was evaluated using samples of nasopharyngeal secretion from infants and children with acute respiratory disease. the meia was compared with an immunofluorescent antibody (if) technique using a sensitive biotin-avidin (ba) eia as reference. of 242 samples tested, 108 were positive by the meia and 123 by the ba-eia. of 144 samples which were also tested by the if technique, 57 were po ... | 1990 | 2197094 |
| serologic evidence of respiratory syncytial virus infection in nursing home patients. | 1990 | 2197348 | |
| effective inhibition of viral reproduction by hydrophobised antiviral antibodies. | a method is proposed for the inhibition of viral reproduction in cells by means of fatty-acylated antiviral antibodies which, in contrast to the unmodified antibodies, have the ability to enter the cells. the potential of this technique is demonstrated in experiments involving inhibition of the reproduction of various strains of influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus. | 1990 | 2130920 |
| lymphocyte subpopulations in peripheral blood of lambs experimentally infected with bovine respiratory syncytial virus. | the lymphocyte subpopulations of peripheral blood of normal lambs and lambs experimentally infected with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) were analysed by flow cytometry, using a panel of monoclonal antibodies against specific lymphocyte epitopes. experimental infection with bovine rsv was characterized by a significant rise in sbu-t8+ (cd8+ or cytotoxic) t cells and a significant reduction in sbu-t4+ (cd4+ or helper) t cells and b (lca p220+) lymphocytes (p less than 0.05). the helper/s ... | 1990 | 2140217 |
| outbreak of parainfluenza virus type 3 in a neonatal nursery. | human parainfluenza type 3 is the most common cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia after respiratory syncytial virus. in a recent outbreak of nosocomial respiratory illness in a neonatal intensive care unit, parainfluenza type 3 virus was isolated in 6 of 17 neonates cultured (5 symptomatic patients and 1 asymptomatic patient). eighteen of 52 nursing personnel had been ill during the previous week and concomitantly, with cough and nasal congestion. these personnel and all patient care givers wer ... | 1990 | 2153949 |
| rapid detection of respiratory syncytial virus and influenza a virus in cell cultures by immunoperoxidase staining with monoclonal antibodies. | peroxidase-labeled monoclonal antibodies against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and influenza a virus were used for immunoperoxidase staining (ips) of cell cultures inoculated with nasopharyngeal aspirates. cells were grown in 24-well plates, and specimens were inoculated by low-speed centrifugation. cultures were incubated for 2 days at 37 degrees c and then fixed, stained, and observed by light microscopy. ips was compared with standard virus isolation by using cultures of human diploid fib ... | 1990 | 2199488 |
| detection of respiratory syncytial virus antigen in nasal washings by abbott testpack enzyme immunoassay. | we compared the new abbott testpack (tp) respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) enzyme immunoassay (eia) with cell culture and two commercial rsv eias (from abbott diagnostics and kallestad laboratories) by using split samples of fresh nasal washings from children with suspected rsv disease. two tubes of hep-2 cells were inoculated and observed for cytopathic effect for 14 days, and isolates were confirmed by immunofluorescence. the tp eia was performed by following the manufacturer's instructions. s ... | 1990 | 2199500 |
| evaluation of the becton dickinson directigen test for respiratory syncytial virus in nasopharyngeal aspirates. | a premarket trial of the becton dickinson directigen respiratory syncytial virus membrane-based enzyme immunoassay compared the test with virus isolation for the detection of respiratory syncytial virus in 583 nasopharyngeal aspirates. after modification, the directigen test showed a sensitivity of 83% and a specificity of 90%. it offers the potential for an efficient bedside test--without the need for any equipment--for the diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus infection and requires only a ... | 1990 | 2199510 |
| detection of respiratory syncytial virus antigen after seventy-two hours of culture. | between september, 1987, and april, 1989, three techniques for the detection of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) were compared: indirect immunofluorescence (if) on the sample, indirect immunofluorescence after 72 h of mrc-5 cell culture (if 72h), and detection of the cytopathic effect (cpe) by mrc-5 and hep-2 cell culture. a study of 383 nasal aspirates from young children admitted to the centre hospitalier de nantes (chr) showing miscellaneous respiratory symptoms produced the following result ... | 1990 | 2202784 |
| new acquisitions in the chemotherapy of viral infections. | the development of new antiviral agents has gained increasing momentum. it has kept pace with the identification of specific sites ("targets") in the virus replicative cycle at which potential antiviral drug can interact. the current armamentarium of available antiviral drugs consists of amantadine and rimantadine (against influenza a), ribavirin (against respiratory syncytial virus infection), idoxuridine and trifluridine (against herpetic keratitis), vidarabine and acyclovir (against herpes si ... | 1990 | 2162118 |
| [the clinico-epidemiological characteristics of the course of a mixed epidemic of influenza and respiratory syncytial infection in novoshakhtinsk in the summer of 1986]. | in the summer of 1986 the epidemic, whose etiological agents were influenza viruses a (h1n1) and respiratory syncytial virus, was registered among the population of novoshakhtinsk. in a number of mines 15.3-16.7% of the employees were affected. influenza viruses a (h1n1) proved to be closely related in their antigenic and biological properties to viruses isolated in the ussr in march-june 1986, as well as to viruses a (h1n1), the etiological agents of the epidemic which developed in the ussr in ... | 1990 | 2151553 |
| viral lower respiratory tract infections in filipino children. | viral causes of acute lower respiratory tract infection were studied prospectively between 15 june and 31 october 1984 in 312 filipino children less than 5 years old living in periurban slums and middle-class housing. the cause was based on viral antigen detection, virus isolation, and antibody assays. there were 131 children (41.2%) who were admitted to the hospital, and 150 (47%) had an infiltrate on chest radiograph. a total of 198 viral infections were confirmed in 162 patients (51.9%), 42.3 ... | 1990 | 2153734 |
| viral and toxoplasma gondii infections in children after liver transplantation. | the incidence and morbidity of viral and toxoplasma gondii infections were studied in 40 children who underwent liver transplantation between december 1983 and february 1988. the incidence of primary and reactivated cytomegalovirus (cmv) infection was 19% and 47%, respectively; primary infection caused clinical disease in all five cases affected and was fatal in one. primary epstein-barr virus (ebv) infection occurred in 10 (26%) recipients but caused only mild disease. no reactivated ebv infect ... | 1990 | 2155947 |
| surveillance of viral respiratory tract infections over a one year period in mainly hospitalized austrian infants and children by a rapid enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay diagnosis. | in order to obtain more information on viral respiratory tract infections in austrian infants and children, nasopharyngeal secretions from 1432 infants and children, collected from october 1984 to october 1985, were screened for the presence of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), adenoviruses, parainfluenza virus type 1, 2, and 3, and influenza viruses type a and b, by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). the results obtained were analyzed with respect to incidence, seasonal distribution an ... | 1990 | 2156381 |
| comparison of immunofluorescence & culture for the diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus infection. | in 809 infants and children with acute respiratory infection, hep-2 cells were used for the isolation of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and an indirect immunofluorescence technique (iif) was used for the detection of rsv antigen in the epithelial cells of nasopharyngeal secretions. while rsv was detected in culture in only 87 subjects, iif was positive for viral antigen in 158 subjects. in children with bronchiolitis and in those with pneumonia 57 and 19 per cent respectively, had evidence of ... | 1990 | 2228050 |
| viral pneumonia in recipients of solid organ transplants. | viral pulmonary infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in solid organ transplant recipients. the herpes viruses-cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, varicella zoster virus, and epstein-barr virus--cause most of the viral infections in this population. respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, and human immunodeficiency virus also cause pneumonitis in the transplant recipient. differences in the clinical and laboratory presentation of pneumonitis due to the various viral agents ... | 1990 | 2160718 |
| o glycosylation of glycoprotein g of human respiratory syncytial virus is specified within the divergent ectodomain. | cdnas encoding the g glycoprotein of respiratory syncytial virus and the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) glycoprotein of parainfluenza virus type 3 were modified by site-specific mutagenesis and restriction fragment replacement to encode chimeric proteins consisting of the cytoplasmic and transmembrane domains of one protein fused to the ectodomain of the other. in the case of the hn ectodomain attached to the g transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains, cell surface expression of the chimera was r ... | 1990 | 2164608 |
| a group level analysis of the associations between antibodies to seven putative pathogens and respiratory disease and weight gain in ontario feedlot calves. | the associations, at the group level, between serological titer to pasteurella haemolytica surface antigens (ph), pasteurella haemolytica cytotoxin (ph-cytox), infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (ibrv), bovine virus diarrhea virus (bvdv), parainfluenza-3 virus (piv3), respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), mycoplasma dispar (md), m. bovis (mb), and respiratory disease treatment rates, relapse rates, and 28 day weight gains were investigated in 14 groups of calves entering two feedlots during ye ... | 1990 | 2165846 |
| respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza virus surveillance--united states, 1989-90. | 1990 | 2172757 | |
| pulmonary lesions induced by 3-methylindole and bovine respiratory syncytial virus in calves. | our objectives were to describe the ultrastructural morphogenesis of pulmonary lesions induced by 3-methylindole in 30- to 45-day-old holstein calves and to determine whether toxic exposure to 3-methylindole exacerbates pulmonary lesions induced by bovine respiratory syncytial virus. administration of 3-methylindole (0.25 g/kg) to calves resulted in interstitial edema and ultrastructural swelling of type-i alveolar epithelial cells and nonciliated bronchiolar epithelial cells as early as 4 to 6 ... | 1990 | 2173450 |
| an epidemic of respiratory syncytial virus in elderly people: clinical and serological findings. | in 1984-1985, an outbreak of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection occurred in two geriatric wards. among 68 patients (mean age +/- sd = 82.5 +/- 12.5 with respiratory signs, 52 had signs caused by rsv infection. among all patients, the clinical and serological attack rates were 61.2% and 75.0%, respectively. the most frequent clinical presentation was intensive coughing (96.1%) and fever (96.1%) associated with expectorate (63.5%). the duration of the respiratory symptoms was 5 to 7 days. ... | 1990 | 2179469 |
| primate viral diseases in perspective. | the recent occurrence of fatal herpesvirus simiae (b virus) infection in human subjects has again focused the attention of primatologists on this virus. b virus, however, is only one of a number of viral diseases that plays a role in primate colony management. this report is to emphasize to the primatologist a number of viruses other than h. simiae, with high morbidity and mortality rates, of importance for health management of nonhuman primate animal colonies. this concept is supported by the r ... | 1990 | 2174083 |
| clinical role of respiratory virus infection in acute otitis media. | the clinical characteristics of acute otitis media in relation to coexisting respiratory virus infection were studied in a 1-year prospective study of 363 children with acute otitis media. respiratory viruses were detected using virus isolation and virus antigen detection in nasopharyngeal specimens of 42% of the patients at the time of diagnosis. rhinovirus (24%) and respiratory syncytial virus (13%) were the two most common viruses detected. adenovirus, parainfluenza viruses, and coronavirus o ... | 1990 | 2174535 |
| isolation and identification of viral agents in argentinian children with acute lower respiratory tract infection. | from a total population of 1,002 children with acute lower respiratory infection (alri), identification of virus was achieved in 304 cases. in this survey, 1,000 nasopharyngeal aspirate and 13 lung tissue samples were tested in four cell lines (hep-2, mrc-5, mdck, and llc-mk2) and by indirect immunofluorescence (iif), while 242 paired sera were studied by complement fixation. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was the most frequently detected agent (n = 183), followed by adenovirus (n = 28), para ... | 1990 | 2176736 |
| [laboratory diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus infection]. | we study 18 children with acute respiratory infection diagnosed early by direct immunofluorescence (dif) using monoclonal antibodies to synticial respiratory virus (srv). antibodies to adenovirus, influenza virus a and b, parainfluenza virus 1, 2 and 3, mycoplasma, q fever, herpes and cytomegalovirus (cmv) are also studied. we consider that in most cases the diagnosis of infections caused by srv cannot be established by complement fixation, and should be accompanied by some antigen detection tec ... | 1990 | 2189329 |
| immunoprophylaxis of infections with respiratory syncytial virus: observations and hypothesis. | infections with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) may cause substantial morbidity and increased mortality in neonates and infants, especially those born before term and/or with pulmonary or cardiac disease. humoral immunity was long thought to play only a small role in prevention, reduction of severity, or recovery from rsv infections of the lower respiratory tract. we recently performed a series of experiments in rsv-infected cotton rats, owl monkeys, and human infants to assess the role of hum ... | 1990 | 2194271 |
| immunity to human and bovine respiratory syncytial virus. | human and bovine respiratory syncytial viruses resemble each other closely. during annual winter outbreaks, they cause similar respiratory tract disease in infants and calves. the disease is most severe in children and calves between 1 and 3 months old, when maternal antibodies against the virus are usually present. reinfections, which are common, are accompanied by progressively milder illnesses in children, but are symptomless in calves. because maternal antibodies suppress serum and mucosal a ... | 1990 | 2196033 |
| analysis of the local and systemic immune responses induced in balb/c mice by experimental respiratory syncytial virus infection. | pulmonary a2 strain respiratory syncytial virus infection of balb/c laboratory mice persisted for up to 7 days after initial infection with peak virus titres being recovered on day 4. virus antigen within the lungs was found to be restricted essentially to the alveolar regions. similarly, pulmonary histopathological changes remained confined to the peri-alveolar regions being consistent with mild pneumonia. infection was found to elicit a pulmonary major histocompatibility complex-restricted cyt ... | 1990 | 2197371 |
| what is the clinical role of aerosolized ribavirin? | aerosolized ribavirin is the first approved agent for the treatment of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. however, the clinical use of ribavirin is controversial. although ribavirin-treated patients appear to be subjectively improved, the benefit in terms of decreased morbidity and mortality is not well established. furthermore, the drug has been found to be teratogenic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic, depending upon the scientific model. because of its unique mode of administration, envi ... | 1990 | 2197815 |
| clinical uses of intravenous immune globulin. | the preparation, pharmacokinetics, clinical uses, dosage and administration, and adverse effects of intravenous immune globulin (ivig) are reviewed. ivig, which consists primarily of immunoglobulin g (igg), is initially prepared from pooled human plasma by using the cohn-oncley fractionation procedure. secondary treatments render the preparation suitable for i.v. use. the specific antibody content of ivig depends on the geographic location of the plasma donors, the product, and the product lot. ... | 1990 | 2198124 |
| [immunodiagnostic methods in interpreting an outbreak of respiratory syncytial virus infection]. | in the determination of the etiology of the outbreak of respiratory viral diseases, caused mainly by respiratory syncytial (rs) virus, on the basis of the comparison of the results of different laboratory tests and some epidemiological and clinical data high specificity of the detection of rs virus antigen and antibodies to it by means of erythrocyte diagnostica (newly developed antibody and commercial antigenic preparations) has been revealed. in the epidemiological situations the rapid methods ... | 1990 | 2151499 |
| [seroconversion to bovine respiratory syncytial virus in goats with pneumonia in zaire]. | coupled sera were taken among goats suffering from pneumonia in zaire. the presence of antibodies to bovine syncytial respiratory virus was investigated by a seroneutralization test. out of 26 animals, 9 already had antibodies at the time of the first blood sampling, 9 presented a seroconversion and 8 remained seronegative during the two months of observation. these results suggest it would be useful to study the frequency of the infection of small ruminants with this virus and its clinical and ... | 1990 | 2218031 |
| [benign acute myositis associated with respiratory syncytial virus infection]. | 1990 | 2221639 | |
| nebulized albuterol in acute bronchiolitis. | in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 40 infants between 6 weeks and 24 months of age who had a first episode of wheezing and other signs and symptoms of bronchiolitis were randomly assigned to receive either nebulized albuterol (0.15 mg/kg/dose) or placebo (saline solution) for two administrations 1 hour apart. the albuterol therapy resulted in a significantly greater improvement in the accessory muscle score (decreases 0.70 vs decreases 0.30; p = 0.03), oxygen saturation (increases 0.71 ... | 1990 | 2213394 |
| latent sensitisation to respiratory syncytial virus during acute bronchiolitis and lung function after recovery. | to determine whether latent sensitivity to respiratory syncytial virus antigen(s) occurs after infection, 27 infants with acute bronchiolitis were studied and compared with 15 hospital controls. blood was collected for whole blood challenge, and histamine release was measured by a high performance liquid chromatography technique with fluorometric detection. there was a significantly greater histamine release to respiratory syncytial virus antigen(s) in those with bronchiolitis than in controls, ... | 1990 | 2221967 |
| antibody-mediated enhancement of respiratory syncytial virus infection. | 1990 | 2230249 | |
| occurrence of groups a and b of respiratory syncytial virus over 15 years: associated epidemiologic and clinical characteristics in hospitalized and ambulatory children. | over 15 years respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) isolates from 1209 hospitalized and ambulatory children were examined for strain group and in a subset for subgroup to determine the associated epidemiologic and clinical characteristics. three patterns of yearly outbreaks existed: (1) strong predominance of group a strains (9 years with 83%-100% a strains), (2) relatively equal proportions of group a and b strains (4 years), and (3) strong predominance of group b strains (78%-85%) in 2 years, sepa ... | 1990 | 2230258 |
| nucleotide sequence analysis and expression from recombinant vectors demonstrate that the attachment protein g of bovine respiratory syncytial virus is distinct from that of human respiratory syncytial virus. | bovine respiratory syncytial (brs) virus causes a severe lower respiratory tract disease in calves similar to the disease in children caused by human respiratory syncytial (hrs) virus. while there is antigenic cross-reactivity among the other major viral structural proteins, the major glycoprotein, g, of brs virus and that of hrs virus are antigenically distinct. the g glycoprotein has been implicated as the attachment protein for hrs virus. we have carried out a molecular comparison of the glyc ... | 1990 | 2214024 |
| a hospital-based study of acute viral infections of the respiratory tract in thai children, with emphasis on laboratory diagnosis. | the hospital-based study described here examined the viruses found in 738 children less than 5 years old who presented at ramathibodi hospital, bangkok, thailand, from january 1986 to december 1987 with acute respiratory tract infections. three methods for detection of viral infection are compared: direct examination of epithelial cells of the respiratory tract with the use of fluorescent antibody staining, isolation of virus, and measurement of antibody in acute- and convalescent-phase sera. vi ... | 1990 | 2176738 |