| hospital length-of-stay is associated with rhinovirus etiology of bronchiolitis. | to determine whether hospital length-of-stay (los) for bronchiolitis is influenced by the causative virus: respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) or rhinovirus. | 2014 | 25222302 |
| is radiological appearance of lower respiratory tract infection due to respiratory syncytial virus a predictor of clinical outcome? | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) lower respiratory tract infection is the most common viral infection in childhood. rsv-infected infants demonstrate various radiographic findings. the aim of the study is to evaluate whether assessment of radiological characteristics of lower tract infection due to rsv may be a predictor of clinical outcome in newborns. | 2015 | 25211292 |
| comparison of the simplexa™ flu a/b & rsv kit (nucleic acid extraction-dependent assay) and the prodessa proflu+™ assay for detecting influenza and respiratory syncytial viruses. | the relative performance of 2 widely used reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assays, the focus diagnostics simplexa™ flu a/b & rsv kit (nucleic acid extraction-dependent assay) and the prodessa proflu+™ assay, was evaluated using 735 prospectively and retrospectively collected nasopharyngeal swab specimens. overall, the assays showed positive and negative agreements of 100% and 99.7% for influenza a, 98.1% and 99.9% for influenza b, and 99.3% and 99.5% for respiratory syncy ... | 2014 | 25209363 |
| symptomatic and asymptomatic respiratory viral infections in the first year of life: association with acute otitis media development. | sensitive diagnostic assays have increased the detection of viruses in asymptomatic individuals. the clinical significance of asymptomatic respiratory viral infection in infants is unknown. | 2015 | 25205769 |
| [analysis of coinfections detected among respiratory syncytial virus subtypes and other respiratory viruses]. | | 2015 | 25205177 |
| performance of the simplexa™ flu a/b & rsv direct kit on respiratory samples collected in saline solution. | molecular assays for diagnosis of influenza a, influenza b, and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) with short turnaround time are of considerable clinical importance. we have evaluated the diagnostic performance of the simplexa(™) flu a/b & rsv direct kit, which has a run time of 60 min, using different types of respiratory samples collected from patients with a suspected respiratory tract infection, including materials not previously evaluated on this kit. | 2014 | 25195649 |
| respiratory syncytial virus: clinical and epidemiological pattern in pediatric patients admitted to a children's hospital between 2000 and 2013. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the major causative organism associated with acute lower respiratory tract infections in children.the objective of this study was to describe the clinical and epidemiological pattern of rsv and identify risk factors for rsv infection. | 2014 | 25192519 |
| rsv infection among children born moderately preterm in a community-based cohort. | we aimed to determine the rates of proven respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) hospitalization and disease severity among children born moderately preterm (mp, gestational age [ga] 32-36 weeks, n = 964), children born full-term (ft, ga 38-42 weeks, n = 572), and children born early preterm (ep, ga <32 weeks, n = 524). our second aim was to identify risk factors for rsv hospitalization among mp. we extracted data from parental questionnaires and medical records, retrieved from a community-based coho ... | 2015 | 25189655 |
| epidemiologic differences of four major respiratory viruses between children, adolescents, and adults in korea. | the purpose of this study was to investigate the epidemiology of four major respiratory viruses among the korean population. this retrospective study was conducted over four years, from january 2005 to december 2008. among a total of 23,806 specimens, 5512 virus isolates underwent culture for influenza a and b viruses (ifa/b), parainfluenza virus (piv), respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), and adenovirus (adv). patients were divided into two groups: children/adolescents and adults. the viruses det ... | 2014 | 25179390 |
| nosocomial respiratory syncytial virus infections in the palivizumab-prophylaxis era with implications regarding high-risk infants. | although respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection continues to be a leading cause of infant hospitalization with a high transmission rate, recent data on nosocomial rsv infection are scarce. this study investigated the clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of nosocomial rsv infection in the palivizumab-prophylaxis era. | 2014 | 25179332 |
| baculovirus-expressed virus-like particle vaccine in combination with dna encoding the fusion protein confers protection against respiratory syncytial virus. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major viral agent causing significant morbidity and mortality in young infants and the elderly. there is no licensed vaccine against rsv and it is a high priority to develop a safe rsv vaccine. we determined the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of combined virus-like particle and dna vaccines presenting rsv glycoproteins (fd.vlp) in comparison with formalin inactivated rsv (fi-rsv). immunization of mice with fd.vlp induced higher ratios of igg2a/igg1 ... | 2014 | 25173478 |
| the economics of strategies to reduce respiratory syncytial virus hospitalizations in alaska. | alaska native infants experience high rates of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) hospitalizations. through 2008, alaska administered a 7-dose (maximum) palivizumab regime to high-risk infants from october to may. in 2009, the maximum was reduced to 3 doses for 32- to 34-week preterm babies and 6 doses for other groups. | 2014 | 26625383 |
| maternal immunization with chimpanzee adenovirus expressing rsv fusion protein protects against neonatal rsv pulmonary infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a leading cause of lower respiratory tract disease with high morbidity and mortality in young infants and children. despite numerous efforts, a licensed vaccine against rsv remains elusive. since young infants form the primary target group of rsv disease, maternal immunization to boost the protection in neonates is an attractive strategy. in this study we tested the efficacy of maternal immunization with a chimpanzee adenovirus expressing codon-optimized rsv ... | 2014 | 25171847 |
| viral infections and the development of asthma in children. | viral aetiology, host susceptibility (in particular allergic predisposition and sensitization), and illness severity, timing and frequency all appear to contribute as synergistic factors to the risk of developing asthma. experimental models have shown both innate and adaptive immune responses contribute to this risk with lung inflammatory cells showing marked differences in phenotype and function in young compared with older animals, and these differences are further enhanced following virus inf ... | 2013 | 25165549 |
| when to perform urine cultures in respiratory syncytial virus-positive febrile older infants? | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections are associated with clinically significant rate of urinary tract infections (utis) in young infants. previous research investigating rsv infections and utis has been performed mainly in infants younger than 2 to 3 months and has not focused on the risk of uti in infants 3 to 12 months. | 2014 | 25162692 |
| randomized, double-blind study of the safety of the liquid versus lyophilized formulation of palivizumab in premature infants and children with chronic lung disease of prematurity. | to avoid the need for reconstitution required by lyophilized palivizumab, a liquid formulation was developed. this study assessed the safety and antidrug antibodies (ada) of the liquid formulation of palivizumab compared with the lyophilized formulation. | 2014 | 25156956 |
| infection with novel respiratory syncytial virus genotype ontario (on1) in adult hematopoietic cell transplant recipients, texas, 2011-2013. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) can cause severe respiratory disease in adult hematopoietic cell transplant (hct) recipients. rsv subgroups a and b have evolved into multiple genotypes. we report on a recently described rsv genotype (on1) in a cohort of adult hct recipients in texas. | 2015 | 25156562 |
| challenges and future in vaccines, drug development, and immunomodulatory therapy. | pulmonary diseases and infections are among the top contributors to human morbidity and mortality worldwide, and despite the successful history of vaccines and antimicrobial therapeutics, infectious disease still presents a significant threat to human health. effective vaccines are frequently unavailable in developing countries, and successful vaccines have yet to be developed for major global maladies, such as tuberculosis. furthermore, antibiotic resistance poses a growing threat to human heal ... | 2014 | 25148426 |
| oral gs-5806 activity in a respiratory syncytial virus challenge study. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a common cause of infant hospitalizations and is increasingly recognized as a cause of considerable morbidity and mortality. no accepted antiviral treatment exists. | 2014 | 25140957 |
| 'they said it was bronchiolitis; is it going to turn into asthma doctor?'. | acute bronchiolitis is a common paediatric disease of infancy. its association with subsequent asthma development has puzzled clinicians and epidemiologists for decades. this article reviews the current state of knowledge regarding the role of acute bronchiolitis in the inception of asthma. there is little doubt that acute bronchiolitis is associated with an increased risk of recurrent wheezing throughout the primary school years although the direction of causality--i.e. whether bronchiolitis in ... | 2014 | 25138566 |
| the burden of influenza and rsv among inpatients and outpatients in rural western kenya, 2009-2012. | in kenya, detailed data on the age-specific burden of influenza and rsv are essential to inform use of limited vaccination and treatment resources. | 2014 | 25133576 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection in high-risk infants - an update on palivizumab prophylaxis. | morbidity due to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) disease is still high in infants and children worldwide during the first two to five years of life. certain categories of high-risk infants with increased morbidity and mortality attributed to rsv disease have been identified and are included in national recommendations for prophylaxis with the monoclonal rsv antibody palivizumab. most guidelines recommend palivizumab for preterm infants born less than or equal to 32 weeks gestational age with o ... | 2014 | 25132870 |
| lactate dehydrogenase and caspase activity in nasopharyngeal secretions are predictors of bronchiolitis severity. | bronchiolitis is the leading cause of hospitalization in infants. biomarkers of disease severity might help in clinical management. | 2014 | 25132512 |
| alleviation of respiratory syncytial virus replication and inflammation by fungal immunomodulatory protein fip-fve from flammulina velutipes. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes bronchiolitis in children followed by inflammation and asthma-like symptoms. the development of preventive therapy for this virus continues to pose a challenge. fungal immunomodulatory proteins (fips) exhibit anti-inflammatory function. fip-fve is an immunomodulatory protein isolated from flammulina velutipes. to determine whether fip-fve affects the infection or consequence of immunity of rsv, we investigated viral titers of rsv and inflammatory cytokine ... | 2014 | 25131377 |
| a colorimetric immunoassay for respiratory syncytial virus detection based on gold nanoparticles-graphene oxide hybrids with mercury-enhanced peroxidase-like activity. | a novel colorimetric immunoassay for highly sensitive detection of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), one of the leading causes of severe lower respiratory tract infections in all age groups, has been proposed based on hg(2+)-stimulated peroxidase-like activity of gold nanoparticles-graphene oxide (aunps-go) hybrids. this metal ion-enhanced immunoassay shows high promise in the field of biomedical sciences. | 2014 | 25131342 |
| ifn-γ ca microsatellite polymorphism is associated with susceptibility to respiratory syncytial virus infection and severity. | ifn-γ, an essential cytokine in the viral cell-mediated immune response, has been associated with the pathogenesis of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis and to the severity of the infection. the aim of this study was to investigate whether ifn-γ ca microsatellite (rs3138557) polymorphism was associated with susceptibility to rsv in chinese han children and with the severity of the infection. | 2014 | 25130433 |
| [modelling respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) transmission children aged less than five years-old]. | studying respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) transmission dynamics in a population of children aged less than 5 years-old using deterministic models. | 2014 | 25124134 |
| epidemiological characteristics and immune status of children with respiratory syncytial virus. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections are the dominant cause of pneumonia in children. in order to determine the epidemiological characteristics and immune status of children with respiratory syncytial virus, a prospective study was performed among patients with rsv infection. comparisons between rsv pneumonia group and normal control group, rsv pneumonia group had lower il-2 (median levels, pg/ml: 3.8 vs. 5.1, p < 0.01), and higher il-4 (median levels, pg/ml: 3.2 vs. 2.4, p < 0.01), il-1 ... | 2015 | 25123681 |
| induction of long-term immunity against respiratory syncytial virus glycoprotein by an osmotic polymeric nanocarrier. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is one of the most common causes of viral deaths in infants worldwide, yet no effective vaccines are available. here, we report an osmotically active polysaccharide-based polysorbitol transporter (pst) prepared from sorbitol diacrylate and low-molecular-weight polyethylenimine (pei) showing a potent, yet safe, adjuvant activity and acting as an effective delivery tool for rsv glycoprotein (rgp) antigen. pst showed no toxicity in vitro or in vivo, unlike pei and ... | 2014 | 25110285 |
| co-immunization with virus-like particle and dna vaccines induces protection against respiratory syncytial virus infection and bronchiolitis. | this study demonstrates that immunization with non-replicating virus-like particle (ffg vlp) containing rsv f and g glycoproteins together with rsv f dna induced t helper type 1 antibody responses to rsv f similar to live rsv infection. upon rsv challenge 21weeks after immunization, ffg vlp vaccination induced protection against rsv infection as shown by clearance of lung viral loads, and the absence of eosinophil infiltrates, and did not cause lung pathology. in contrast, formalin-inactivated r ... | 2014 | 25110201 |
| virus-like nanoparticle and dna vaccination confers protection against respiratory syncytial virus by modulating innate and adaptive immune cells. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an important human pathogen. expression of virus structural proteins produces self-assembled virus-like nanoparticles (vlp). we investigated immune phenotypes after rsv challenge of immunized mice with vlp containing rsv f and g glycoproteins mixed with f-dna (fdfg vlp). in contrast to formalin-inactivated rsv (fi-rsv) causing vaccination-associated eosinophilia, fdfg vlp immunization induced low bronchoalveolar cellularity, higher ratios of cd11c(+) versus c ... | 2015 | 25109662 |
| a systematic review of predictive modeling for bronchiolitis. | bronchiolitis is the most common cause of illness leading to hospitalization in young children. at present, many bronchiolitis management decisions are made subjectively, leading to significant practice variation among hospitals and physicians caring for children with bronchiolitis. to standardize care for bronchiolitis, researchers have proposed various models to predict the disease course to help determine a proper management plan. this paper reviews the existing state of the art of predictive ... | 2014 | 25106933 |
| the underrecognized burden of respiratory syncytial virus among infants presenting to us emergency departments. | | 2015 | 25104728 |
| the influence of diurnal temperature range on the incidence of respiratory syncytial virus in japan. | the incidence of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) has been reported to exhibit seasonal variation. however, the impact of diurnal temperature range (dtr) on rsv has not been investigated. after acquiring data related to cases of rsv and weather parameters of dtr in fukuoka, japan, between 2006 and 2012, we used negative binomial generalized linear models and distributed lag nonlinear models to assess the possible relationship between dtr and rsv cases, adjusting for confounding factors. our ana ... | 2015 | 25092407 |
| cross-resistance mechanism of respiratory syncytial virus against structurally diverse entry inhibitors. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a leading pediatric pathogen that is responsible for a majority of infant hospitalizations due to viral disease. despite its clinical importance, no vaccine prophylaxis against rsv disease or effective antiviral therapeutic is available. in this study, we established a robust high-throughput drug screening protocol by using a recombinant rsv reporter virus to expand the pool of rsv inhibitor candidates. mechanistic characterization revealed that a potent newl ... | 2014 | 25092342 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infections in infants affected by primary immunodeficiency. | primary immunodeficiencies are rare inherited disorders that may lead to frequent and often severe acute respiratory infections. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is one of the most frequent pathogens during early infancy and the infection is more severe in immunocompromised infants than in healthy infants, as a result of impaired t- and b-cell immune response unable to efficaciously neutralize viral replication, with subsequent increased viral shedding and potentially lethal lower respiratory t ... | 2014 | 25089282 |
| a bayesian sirs model for the analysis of respiratory syncytial virus in the region of valencia, spain. | we present a bayesian stochastic susceptible-infected-recovered-susceptible (sirs) model in discrete time to understand respiratory syncytial virus dynamics in the region of valencia, spain. a sirs model based on ordinary differential equations has also been proposed to describe rsv dynamics in the region of valencia. however, this continuous-time deterministic model is not suitable when the initial number of infected individuals is small. stochastic epidemic models based on a probability of dis ... | 2014 | 25088210 |
| a monomeric uncleaved respiratory syncytial virus f antigen retains prefusion-specific neutralizing epitopes. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading infectious cause of severe respiratory disease in infants and a major cause of respiratory illness in the elderly. there remains an unmet vaccine need despite decades of research. insufficient potency, homogeneity, and stability of previous rsv fusion protein (f) subunit vaccine candidates have hampered vaccine development. rsv f and related parainfluenza virus (piv) f proteins are cleaved by furin during intracellular maturation, producing disulf ... | 2014 | 25078705 |
| demonstrating the use of high-volume electronic medical claims data to monitor local and regional influenza activity in the us. | fine-grained influenza surveillance data are lacking in the us, hampering our ability to monitor disease spread at a local scale. here we evaluate the performances of high-volume electronic medical claims data to assess local and regional influenza activity. | 2014 | 25072598 |
| updated guidance for palivizumab prophylaxis among infants and young children at increased risk of hospitalization for respiratory syncytial virus infection. | palivizumab was licensed in june 1998 by the food and drug administration for the reduction of serious lower respiratory tract infection caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in children at increased risk of severe disease. since that time, the american academy of pediatrics has updated its guidance for the use of palivizumab 4 times as additional data became available to provide a better understanding of infants and young children at greatest risk of hospitalization attributable to rsv in ... | 2014 | 25070315 |
| updated guidance for palivizumab prophylaxis among infants and young children at increased risk of hospitalization for respiratory syncytial virus infection. | guidance from the american academy of pediatrics (aap) for the use of palivizumab prophylaxis against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was first published in a policy statement in 1998. guidance initially was based on the result from a single randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial conducted in 1996-1997 describing an overall reduction in rsv hospitalization rate from 10.6% among placebo recipients to 4.8% among children who received prophylaxis. the results of a second randomized, placeb ... | 2014 | 25070304 |
| [viral respiratory tract infections in the neonatal intensive care unit]. | viral respiratory infections cause major morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. we have performed a prospective study in our neonatal intensive care unit (nicu) to determine the incidence of respiratory infections, their impact and the epidemiology and outcome in high risk neonates. | 2015 | 25066594 |
| ginseng diminishes lung disease in mice immunized with formalin-inactivated respiratory syncytial virus after challenge by modulating host immune responses. | formalin-inactivated respiratory syncytial virus (fi-rsv) immunization is known to cause severe pulmonary inflammatory disease after subsequent rsv infection. ginseng has been used in humans for thousands of years due to its potential health benefits. we investigated whether ginseng would have immune modulating effects on rsv infection in mice previously immunized with fi-rsv. oral administration of mice with ginseng increased igg2a isotype antibody responses to fi-rsv immunization, indicating t ... | 2014 | 25051168 |
| can we improve the targeting of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) prophylaxis in infants born 32-35 weeks' gestational age with more informed use of risk factors? | to evaluate the key risk factors for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) hospitalisation in 32-35 weeks' gestational age (wga) infants. | 2015 | 25048748 |
| association between infant swimming and rhinovirus-induced wheezing. | infant swimming has been considered as a risk factor for wheezing, but the role that respiratory viruses play is unclear. we explored the effects of infant swimming on the risk of all wheezing illnesses and wheezing associated with rhinoviruses. | 2014 | 25041066 |
| using google flu trends data in forecasting influenza-like-illness related ed visits in omaha, nebraska. | emergency department (ed) visits increase during the influenza seasons. it is essential to identify statistically significant correlates in order to develop an accurate forecasting model for ed visits. forecasting influenza-like-illness (ili)-related ed visits can significantly help in developing robust resource management strategies at the eds. | 2014 | 25037278 |
| viral lower respiratory tract infections and preterm infants' healthcare utilisation. | the aim of this study was to determine whether respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and other viral lower respiratory tract infections (lrti) in prematurely born infants were associated with similar effects on healthcare utilisation and related cost of care in the second compared to the first year after birth. thirteen infants who had rsv lrtis (rsv), 21 who had other viral lrtis (other viral) and 25 had no viral lrtis (no lrti) were prospectively followed. nasopharyngeal aspirates were collected w ... | 2015 | 25035163 |
| multicenter clinical performance evaluation of bd veritor™ system for rapid detection of respiratory syncytial virus. | bd veritor™ system for rapid detection of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a new-generation lateral flow immunochromatographic assay for objective detection of rsv in respiratory specimens from children. | 2014 | 25034375 |
| respiratory syncytial virus can infect basal cells and alter human airway epithelial differentiation. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, causing severe respiratory illness in infants and immune compromised patients. the ciliated cells of the human airway epithelium have been considered to be the exclusive target of rsv, although recent data have suggested that basal cells, the progenitors for the conducting airway epithelium, may also become infected in vivo. using either mechanical or chemical injury models, we have demonstrated a robust rsv ... | 2014 | 25033192 |
| seasonal incidence of medically attended respiratory syncytial virus infection in a community cohort of adults ≥50 years old. | diagnostic testing for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is not routinely performed in adults. we estimated medically attended rsv seasonal incidence in a community cohort of adults ≥50 years old during four influenza seasons (2006-07 through 2009-10). | 2014 | 25025344 |
| intranasal dna vaccine for protection against respiratory infectious diseases: the delivery perspectives. | intranasal delivery of dna vaccines has become a popular research area recently. it offers some distinguished advantages over parenteral and other routes of vaccine administration. nasal mucosa as site of vaccine administration can stimulate respiratory mucosal immunity by interacting with the nasopharyngeal-associated lymphoid tissues (nalt). different kinds of dna vaccines are investigated to provide protection against respiratory infectious diseases including tuberculosis, coronavirus, influe ... | 2014 | 25014738 |
| factors affecting de novo rna synthesis and back-priming by the respiratory syncytial virus polymerase. | respiratory syncytial virus rna dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) initiates rna synthesis from the leader (le) and trailer-complement (trc) promoters. the rdrp can also add nucleotides to the 3' end of the trc promoter by back-priming, but there is no evidence this occurs at the le promoter in infected cells. we examined how environmental factors and rna sequence affect de novo rna synthesis versus back-priming using an in vitro assay. we found that replacing mg(2+) with mn(2+) in the reaction buf ... | 2014 | 25010481 |
| the association between age and the development of respiratory syncytial virus neutralising antibody responses following natural infection in infants. | to determine the age at which infants mount significant neutralising antibody responses to both natural rsv infection and live vaccines that mimic natural infection, rsv-specific neutralising antibodies in the acute and convalescent phase sera of infants with rsv infection were assayed. age-specific incidence estimates for hospitalisation with severe rsv disease were determined and compared to age-specific neutralising antibody response patterns. disease incidence peaked at between 2 and 3.9 mon ... | 2014 | 25005882 |
| type-i interferons induce lung protease responses following respiratory syncytial virus infection via rig-i-like receptors. | the role of proteases in viral infection of the lung is poorly understood. thus, we examined matrix metalloproteinases (mmps) and cathepsin proteases in respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-infected mouse lungs. rsv-induced gene expression for mmps -2, -3, -7, -8, -9, -10, -12, -13, -14, -16, -17, -19, -20, -25, -27, and -28 and cathepsins b, c, e, g, h, k, l1, s, w, and z in the airways of friend leukemia virus b sensitive strain mice. increased proteases were present in the bronchoalveolar lavage ... | 2015 | 25005357 |
| viral disruption of olfactory progenitors is exacerbated in allergic mice. | upper airway viral infection in patients with airway allergy often exacerbates olfactory dysfunction, but the mechanism for this exacerbation remains unclear. here, we examined the effects of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection, in the presence or absence of airway allergy, on olfactory receptor neurons (orns) and their progenitors in mice. immunohistological analyses revealed that cockroach allergen (cra)-induced airway allergy alone did not affect the number of omp(+) mature orns and s ... | 2014 | 24998164 |
| comparison of virological profiles of respiratory syncytial virus and rhinovirus in acute lower tract respiratory infections in very young chilean infants, according to their clinical outcome. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and rhinovirus (hrv) are the main cause of acute lower respiratory tract infections (alrtis) in infants. viral and host-related risk factors for severe disease have also not been clearly established. | 2014 | 24994006 |
| decreased lung function precedes severe respiratory syncytial virus infection and post-respiratory syncytial virus wheeze in term infants. | it is unknown why respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes mild disease in some children and severe disease, requiring hospitalisation, in others. we aimed to assess whether diminished premorbid lung function in healthy term infants predisposes to hospitalisation during rsv bronchiolitis, and to post-rsv wheeze. in a prospective birth cohort study of unselected term healthy children, neonatal lung function was measured before the age of 2 months (n=2133). from birth through the first year of lif ... | 2014 | 24993909 |
| prophylaxis with a respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) anti-g protein monoclonal antibody shifts the adaptive immune response to rsv ra2-line19f infection from th2 to th1 in balb/c mice. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the single most important cause of serious lower respiratory tract infections in young children, yet no highly effective treatment or vaccine is available. in the present study, we investigated the effect of prophylactic treatment with the intact and f(ab')2 forms of an anti-g protein monoclonal antibody (mab), 131-2g, on the humoral and cellular adaptive immune responses to rsv ra2-line19f (r19f) challenge in balb/c mice. the f(ab')2 form of 131-2g does not ... | 2014 | 24990999 |
| analysis of the local and systemic inflammatory response in hospitalized infants with respiratory syncitial virus bronchiolitis. | respiratory syncytial virus acute bronchiolitis (rsv-ab) is a major cause of hospital admission among our infants. the immune and inflammatory mechanisms involved in the rsv-ab and factors influencing severity have not been clearly established, although an imbalanced th1 and th2 response seems to be crucial. | 2015 | 24985791 |
| the importance of the local environment in the transmission of respiratory syncytial virus. | the role of the environment in the spread of respiratory infections is poorly understood, and consequently probably underappreciated. to improve our understanding of the environmental drivers of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) transmission, we examined rsv seasonality in two settings with unusual seasonal patterns: the gambia (where rsv epidemics occur at different times of the year) and southeast florida (where rsv seasonality differs from the rest of mainland usa). we used published data to ... | 2014 | 24973721 |
| ageing and respiratory infections: the airway of ageing. | respiratory infections are a leading cause of infectious disease burden worldwide especially among the elderly. furthermore, a direct relationship between ageing and susceptibility to infections has been reported, which may be caused by impaired immune function, frailty and degree of exposure to infectious diseases. many complex changes, including structural and age-associated decline in immunity are associated with increased pulmonary diseases worldwide and result in a high age-related disease ... | 2014 | 24973652 |
| a novel six consecutive monthly doses of palivizumab prophylaxis protocol for the prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infection in high-risk preterm infants in taiwan. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) circulates year round in taiwan. a novel six consecutive monthly doses of palivizumab for rsv prevention protocol has been approved for high risk preterm infants since december 2010. this study aimed to determine the clinical effectiveness and safety of this novel protocol for the prevention of rsv infection. | 2014 | 24971565 |
| [risk factors for acute respiratory syncytial virus infection of lower respiratory tract in hospitalized infants]. | to investigate the clinical epidemiologic characteristics and analyze risk factors for acute respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in hospitalized infants with acute lower respiratory tract infection (alri). | 2014 | 24969937 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection modulates interleukin‑8 production in respiratory epithelial cells through a transcription factor‑activator protein‑1 signaling pathway. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a leading cause of respiratory duct infection that can result in severe clinical symptoms, particularly among children under 3 years of age. in the current study, the effect of rsv on airway epithelial cell function and the potential signaling pathways involved were investigated. a549 human airway epithelial cells were infected with rsv at a multiplicity of infection of 1. after 24 h, interleukin (il)‑8 secretion in the cell supernatant was analyzed. a microa ... | 2014 | 24968899 |
| modelling the seasonal epidemics of respiratory syncytial virus in young children. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of paediatric morbidity. mathematical models can be used to characterise annual rsv seasonal epidemics and are a valuable tool to assess the impact of future vaccines. | 2014 | 24968133 |
| phylogeny and population dynamics of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) a and b. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of lower respiratory tract infections in infants and young children. rsv is characterised by high variability, especially in the g glycoprotein, which may play a significant role in rsv pathogenicity by allowing immune evasion. to reconstruct the origin and phylodynamic history of rsv, we evaluated the genetic diversity and evolutionary dynamics of rsv a and rsv b isolated from children under 3 years old infected in italy from 2006 to 2012. phyl ... | 2014 | 24954788 |
| perinatal and early childhood environmental factors influencing allergic asthma immunopathogenesis. | the prevalence of asthma has increased dramatically over the past several decades. while hereditary factors are highly important, the rapid rise outstrips the pace of genomic variation. great emphasis has been placed on potential modifiable early life exposures leading to childhood asthma. | 2014 | 24952205 |
| assessment of genetic associations between common single nucleotide polymorphisms in rig-i-like receptor and il-4 signaling genes and severe respiratory syncytial virus infection in children: a candidate gene case-control study. | the majority of cases of severe pediatric respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection occur in otherwise healthy infants who have no identifiable risk factors, suggesting that additional subclinical factors, such as population genetic variation, influence the course of rsv infection. the objective of this study was to test if common single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) in genes encoding for immune signalling components of the rig-i-like receptor (rlr) and il-4-signalling pathways affect the ou ... | 2014 | 24949794 |
| recurrent wheezing 36 months after bronchiolitis is associated with rhinovirus infections and blood eosinophilia. | links between respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis and asthma are well known, but few studies have dealt with wheezing following bronchiolitis induced by other viruses. we assessed the risk factors for recurrent wheezing in infants hospitalised for acute viral bronchiolitis. | 2014 | 24948158 |
| analysis of influence of baicalin joint resveratrol retention enema on the tnf-α, siga, il-2, ifn-γ of rats with respiratory syncytial virus infection. | explore the influence of baicalin joint resveratrol retention enema on tnf-α, siga, il-2, and ifn-γ of rats with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. the 60 sd rats were randomly divided into normal group, model group, baicalin group, resveratrol group, joint group, and ribavirin group. for model group, baicalin group, resveratrol group, joint group, and ribavirin group, rats were given rsv virus suspension intranasally for 3 days, and model group was not given administration. baicalin g ... | 2014 | 24938899 |
| lamb model of respiratory syncytial virus-associated lung disease: insights to pathogenesis and novel treatments. | preterm birth is a risk factor for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis and hospitalization. the pathogenesis underlying this is not fully understood, and in vivo studies are needed to better clarify essential cellular features and molecular mechanisms. such studies include analysis of lung tissue from affected human infants and various animal models. the preterm and newborn lamb lung has developmental, structural, cellular, physiologic, and immunologic features similar to that of hum ... | 2014 | 24936027 |
| risks and prevention of severe rs virus infection among children with immunodeficiency and down's syndrome. | by the age of two years, almost all infants are infected with the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). one of the main causes of hospitalizations for bronchiolitis and pneumonia at this age is rsv infection. in addition to well-known risks for severe rsv disease, such as prematurity, bronchopulmonary dysplasia and congenital heart disease, immunodeficiencies, chromosomal abnormalities such as down's syndrome or neuromuscular diseases have also been identified as risks. while the medical needs for ... | 2014 | 24929631 |
| risk of current asthma among adult smokers with respiratory syncytial virus illnesses in early life. | risk of subsequent asthma-like symptoms after early-life lower respiratory illness (lri) caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is increased during the first decade of childhood and diminished thereafter by adolescence. | 2014 | 24927374 |
| respiratory syncytial virus: should we be concerned in pregnancy? | | 2014 | 24921435 |
| adherence to immunoprophylaxis regimens for respiratory syncytial virus infection in insured and medicaid populations. | immunoprophylaxis is the only pharmaceutical intervention for mitigating respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. patient level data on adherence to american academy of pediatrics (aap) immunoprophylaxis recommendations are limited. this study characterizes adherence to aap guidelines in privately insured and medicaid populations. | 2013 | 24921044 |
| stat4 deficiency fails to induce lung th2 or th17 immunity following primary or secondary respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) challenge but enhances the lung rsv-specific cd8+ t cell immune response to secondary challenge. | immune-mediated lung injury is a hallmark of lower respiratory tract illness caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). stat4 plays a critical role in cd4+ th1 lineage differentiation and gamma interferon (ifn-γ) protein expression by cd4+ t cells. as cd4+ th1 differentiation is associated with negative regulation of cd4+ th2 and th17 differentiation, we hypothesized that rsv infection of stat4-/- mice would result in enhanced lung th2 and th17 inflammation and impaired lung th1 inflammation c ... | 2014 | 24920804 |
| limited type i interferons and plasmacytoid dendritic cells during neonatal respiratory syncytial virus infection permit immunopathogenesis upon reinfection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is the number one cause of bronchiolitis in infants, yet no vaccines are available because of a lack of knowledge of the infant immune system. using a neonatal mouse model, we previously revealed that mice initially infected with rsv as neonates develop th2-biased immunopathophysiologies during reinfection, and we demonstrated a role for enhanced interleukin-4 receptor α (il-4rα) expression on t helper cells in these responses. here we show that rsv in ... | 2014 | 24920801 |
| are we too passive in our attempts to prevent respiratory syncytial virus infection in northern canada? | | 2017 | 24914608 |
| risk factors for hospitalization due to lower respiratory tract infection in preterm infants on palivizumab prophylaxis. | to determine the risk factors associated with lower respiratory tract infections (lrti) related hospitalizations in preterm infants receiving palivizumab throughout the high season for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. | 2013 | 24910750 |
| dual effects of respiratory syncytial virus infections on airway inflammation by regulation of th17/treg responses in ovalbumin-challenged mice. | we investigated the effects of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections on ovalbumin (ova)-challenged mice via regulation of th17/treg cell responses. balb/c mice were challenged with ova, followed by rsv infections twice. in ova-challenged mice, the secretion of th2/th17-type cytokines, airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation were significantly inhibited by initial rsv infection. moreover, the in vivo findings demonstrated that initial rsv infection reversed the imbalance of th17/treg r ... | 2014 | 24906563 |
| the significance of transplacental antibody against respiratory syncytial virus. | | 2014 | 24903668 |
| respiratory syncytial virus transplacental antibody transfer and kinetics in mother-infant pairs in bangladesh. | pneumonia is the leading cause of childhood mortality globally. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most important viral cause of pneumonia. maternal serum antibody protects infants from rsv disease. the objective of our study was to characterize rsv antibody levels in mother-infant pairs. | 2014 | 24903663 |
| influence of age, severity of infection, and co-infection on the duration of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) shedding. | rsv is the most important viral cause of pneumonia and bronchiolitis in children worldwide and has been associated with significant disease burden. with the renewed interest in rsv vaccines, we provide realistic estimates on duration, and influencing factors on rsv shedding which are required to better understand the impact of vaccination on the virus transmission dynamics. the data arise from a prospective study of 47 households (493 individuals) in rural kenya, followed through a 6-month perio ... | 2015 | 24901443 |
| extraribosomal l13a is a specific innate immune factor for antiviral defense. | we report a novel extraribosomal innate immune function of mammalian ribosomal protein l13a, whereby it acts as an antiviral agent. we found that l13a is released from the 60s ribosomal subunit in response to infection by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), an rna virus of the pneumovirus genus and a serious lung pathogen. unexpectedly, the growth of rsv was highly enhanced in l13a-knocked-down cells of various lineages as well as in l13a knockout macrophages from mice. in all l13a-deficient cell ... | 2014 | 24899178 |
| cd8+ tcr transgenic strains expressing public versus private tcr targeting the respiratory syncytial virus k(d)m2(82-90) epitope demonstrate similar functional profiles. | our previous work has characterized the functional and clonotypic features of two respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) epitope-specific t cell responses in mice. following single-cell sequencing, we selected t cell receptor sequences to represent both a public and a private clone specific for the dominant k(d)m2(82-90) epitope for the generation of t cell receptor transgenic (tcr tg) mice. we evaluated cells from these tcr tg strains for three major functions of cd8+ t cells: proliferation, cytokin ... | 2014 | 24897427 |
| [respiratory syncitial virus in immunocompromised patients in a pediatric hospital: 5 years experience]. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is associated with an increase in morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised hosts. | 2015 | 24890887 |
| antiviral c-25 epimers of 26-acetoxy steroids from the south china sea gorgonian echinogorgia rebekka. | four new steroids with an acetoxy linked at the end of the side chain, echrebsteroids a-d (1-4) were obtained from the south china sea gorgonian echinogorgia rebekka. the absolute configurations of 1-3 were determined using the modified mosher's method on the hydrolysis products. the isolation of the pair of epimers (2 and 3) represents the first reported separation of c-25 epimers of 26-acetoxy steroids. the (25r)-epimer (3) exhibited promising antiviral activity against respiratory syncytial v ... | 2014 | 24882250 |
| infants under 6 months with bronchiolitis are most likely to need major medical interventions in the 5 days after onset. | this study examined the need for, and timing of, major medical interventions (mmis) in infants under 6 months of age with bronchiolitis. | 2014 | 24862359 |
| antifeedant and antiviral diterpenoids from the fresh roots of euphorbia jolkinii. | the perennial herbaceous plant euphorbia jolkinii (euphorbiaceae) is a noxious weed widely distributed in the grasslands of northwestern yunnan and has greatly threatened the local biodiversity. phytochemical investigation on the fresh roots of e. jolkinii afforded six new diterpenoids 1, 2, 4-6, and 8, together with fifteen known diterpenoids. their structures were elucidated on the basis of 1d and 2d nmr and other spectroscopic methods. casbane, lathyrane, abietane, and ent-kaurane diterpenoid ... | 2014 | 24859600 |
| virologic testing in bronchiolitis: does it change management decisions and predict outcomes? | the aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical, therapeutic, laboratory, and radiological differences between respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and non-rsv bronchiolitis in order to assess if the prior knowledge of viral etiology changed management decisions and would be able to predict outcomes. medical charts of children <1 year admitted to the emergency department with bronchiolitis during two rsv seasons (2010-2012) were reviewed. we analyzed 221 episodes of bronchiolitis. the percentage ... | 2014 | 24858463 |
| rapid spread and diversification of respiratory syncytial virus genotype on1, kenya. | respiratory syncytial virus genotype on1, which is characterized by a 72-nt duplication in the attachment protein gene, has been detected in >10 countries since first identified in ontario, canada, in 2010. we describe 2 waves of genotype on1 infections among children admitted to a rural hospital in kenya during 2012. phylogenetic analysis of attachment protein gene sequences showed multiple introductions of genotype on1; variants distinct from the original canadian viruses predominated in both ... | 2014 | 24856417 |
| palivizumab for prophylaxis against respiratory syncytial virus infection in children with cystic fibrosis. | respiratory syncytial virus infection causes acute lung infection in infants and young children worldwide, resulting in considerable morbidity and mortality. children with cystic fibrosis are prone to recurrent lung inflammation, bacterial colonisation and subsequent chronic airway disease, putting them at risk for severe respiratory syncytial virus infections requiring intensive care and respiratory support. no treatment currently exists, hence prevention is important. palivizumab is effective ... | 2014 | 24851825 |
| comparison of simplexa flu a/b & rsv pcr with cytospin-immunofluorescence and laboratory-developed taqman pcr in predominantly adult hospitalized patients. | to compare simplexa flu a/b & rsv pcr with cytospin-immunofluorescence and laboratory-developed taqman pcr methods, 445 nasopharyngeal samples were tested. of these, 199 were positive (46 for respiratory syncytial virus [rsv], 120 for influenza a, and 33 for influenza b) and 246 were negative. the direct fluorescent-antibody assay (dfa) detected 132 (66.3%) positive samples, simplexa direct detected 162 (81.4%), simplexa using extracts detected 177 (88.9%), and lab-developed taqman pcr reference ... | 2014 | 24850350 |
| the cd4 t cell response to respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) can induce severe lower respiratory tract infections in infants and is the leading cause of bronchiolitis in children worldwide. rsv-induced inflammation is believed to contribute substantially to the severity of disease. t helper (th)2-, th9-, and th17-related cytokines are all observed in infants hospitalized following a severe rsv infection. these cytokines cause an influx of inflammatory cells, resulting in mucus production and reduced lung function. consist ... | 2014 | 24838148 |
| palivizumab use in japanese infants and children with immunocompromised conditions. | a total of 27/28 (96%) immunocompromised japanese children received ≥ 4 doses of palivizumab. no respiratory syncytial virus-associated hospitalizations occurred. mean palivizumab trough concentrations were 59.0 and 91.8 μg/ml 30 days after the 1st and 4th doses, respectively. of 28 subjects, 27 (96%) experienced ≥ 1 adverse event and 7 (25%) experienced ≥ 1 serious adverse event, none of which was considered related to palivizumab. | 2014 | 24830698 |
| a 3-year prospective study of the epidemiology of acute respiratory viral infections in hospitalized children in shenzhen, china. | the epidemiology of local viral etiologies is essential for the management of viral respiratory tract infections. limited data are available in china to describe the epidemiology of viral respiratory infections, especially in small-medium cities and rural areas. | 2014 | 24828783 |
| implementing video cases in clinical paediatric teaching increases medical students' self-assessed confidence. | use of video cases in clinical education is rarely used systematically. | 2014 | 24814587 |
| respiratory syncytial virus: current and emerging treatment options. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an important respiratory pathogen in infants and children worldwide. although rsv typically causes mild upper respiratory infections, it frequently causes severe morbidity and mortality, especially in premature infants and children with other chronic diseases. treatment of rsv is limited by a lack of effective antiviral treatments; however, ribavirin has been used in complicated cases, along with the addition of intravenous immune globulin in specific patient ... | 2014 | 24812523 |
| alternative mechanisms for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection and persistence: could rsv be transmitted through the placenta and persist into developing fetal lungs? | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) represents the most common respiratory pathogen observed worldwide in infants and young children and may play a role in the inception of recurrent wheezing and asthma in childhood. we discuss herein the recent hypothesis that rsv vertically transmitted from the mother to the fetus in utero causes persistent structural and functional changes in the developing lungs of the offspring, thereby predisposing to postnatal airway obstruction. | 2014 | 24810284 |
| development of an efficient qrt-pcr assay for quality control and cellular quantification of respiratory samples. | sample quality is a fundamental parameter for the successful diagnosis of respiratory viruses. this parameter depends upon the concentration of epithelial cells. respiratory samples are usually heterogeneous, which makes relative quantification of the viral load, against the quantity of cells, the most suitable measurement. the quantification of viral load in the field of respiratory viruses is a vital piece of information. quantification is required from rna or dna viral genomes extracted. | 2014 | 24809729 |