Publications

[study and identification of the respiratory syncytial virus isolated from a leukemic cow].	a virus was isolated from the lymph nodes of a cow. by its cultural, physical, chemical, and biologic properties it proved identical with the standard bovine respiratory syncytial virus. it multiplied well in cell cultures of calf kidney at ph 7--7.5. introduced in 20-day-old guinea pigs the virus caused anorexia, bristling up of hairs, stunting, and occasionally death. the inoculated guinea pigs developed pneumonia of a proliferative type with langhans' giant cells. the interrlationship between ...	1978	706146
the pathogenesis of respiratory syncytial virus infection in cotton rats.	the cotton rat is susceptible to respiratory synctial virus infection in both the upper and lower portions of the respiratory tract. virus replicates to high titer in the nose and lungs and to relatively low titer in the trachea. immunofluorescence studies demonstrated viral antigen in the nasal epithelium and the bronchial and bronchiolar epithelium but not in the trachea or the alveolar cells of the lungs. histopathologic changes included a desquamative, exudative rhinitis of moderate severity ...	1978	362946
breast-feeding as protection against respiratory syncytial virus.		1978	719443
neutralisation of respiratory syncytial virus by cat serum.		1978	723929
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for measurement of serological response to respiratory syncytial virus infection.	an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was applied to the detection of serum antibodies against respiratory syncytial virus. the end points of the various sera tested in the assay were approximately 100 times higher than in the complement-fixation test and 2 to 4 times higher than in the plaque reduction test. in addition, the immunosorbent assay appeared to be more efficient than the plaque reduction and complement-fixation techniques for detecting a serological response in young infants (1 to 6 ...	1978	352952
from the national institutes of health: report of a workshop on respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza viruses.		1978	207793
experimental respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia in cebus monkeys.	into 14 juvenile cebus monkeys that lacked serum antibodies for rs virus 10(8) plaque-forming units (pfu) of wild-type respiratory syncytial (rs) virus were inoculated transtracheally. roentgenographic evidence of pneumonia developed in 13 of 14 infected animals. gross pathologic changes occurred in each of the 13 monkeys that were sacrificed. patchy areas of red consolidation were seen in the lower lobes 24 hours after inoculation, and there was progression to gray consolidation seven days late ...	1978	210254
detection of antibody to bovine syncytial virus and respiratory syncytial virus in bovine fetal serum.	batches of commercial fetal bovine serum, described by the suppliers as antibody-free, all contained antibody to bovine syncytial virus (bsv) when tested by indirect immunofluorescence. antibody to bovine respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was not detected in these sera. twenty-four percent of individual fetal bovine sera contained antibody to bsv, and 14% contained antibody to rsv when tested by indirect immunofluorescence. bsv antibody titers in fetal sera from dams with high bsv antibody level ...	1978	100508
[etiologic importance of the respiratory syncytial virus in bronchiolitis].		1978	117525
respiratory syncytial virus infection in adults: clinical, virologic, and serial pulmonary function studies.	we prospectively studied 10 previously healthy adults who developed an acute respiratory illness while working in an infants' ward during a community outbreak of respiratory syncytial virus infection. in addition to clinical and viral evaluation, total respiratory resistance before and after carbachol aerosol inhalation was measured. all 10 subjects had respiratory syncytial virus infection documented by viral isolation, and all developed pronounced cough, nasal congestion, and fever. eight subj ...	1978	415653
respiratory syncytial virus. i. concentration and purification of the infectious virus.	respiratory syncytial (rs) virus can be purified without losing its infectivity provided that each step of purification is carried out using nt buffer containing over 20% sucrose. firstly, the virus grown on hes cells is efficiently removed from the culture fluid by precipitating with polyethylene glycol (peg) 6,000, and the precipitate is suspended in a small amount of 20% sucrose-nt buffer, which results in about a 24-fold concentration of the original material. then this suspension is centrif ...	1978	153087
respiratory syncytial virus infection. rapid diagnosis in children by use of indirect immunofluorescence.	specimens of 387 nasopharyngeal suction smears obtained from 354 children hospitalized with acute respiratory infections during an eight-month period were examined for the presence of respiratory syncytial (rs) virus by the indirect immunofluorescence antibody technique (ifat) and by conventional tissue culture infectivity techniques. respiratory syncytial virus was identified in nasopharyngeal suction smear specimens from 123 of these specimens (32%) with the use of both techniques. of the spec ...	1978	362894
radiologic appearance of viral disease of the lower respiratory tract in infants and children.	the radiologic findings in 123 hospitalized children with viral disease of the respiratory tract due to adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza, influenza, measles, or herpes virus were retrospectively reviewed. bronchial wall thickening, peribronchial shadowing and/or associated perihilar streaking were present in 107 cases. patchy pulmonary shadowing thought to reflect disease at a sublobular or lobular level was present in 72 cases, while areas of coalescent more homogeneous pu ...	1978	202157
evaluation of five temperature-sensitive mutants of respiratory syncytial virus in primates: i. viral shedding, immunologic response, and associated illness.		1978	104004
evaluation of five temperature-sensitive mutants of respiratory syncytial virus in primates: ii. genetic analysis of virus recovered during infection.	five temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of respiratory syncytial (rs) virus (ts-1, ts-1 ng-1, ts-1 ng-16, ts-2, and ts-7), previously evaluated forinfectivity and virulence in chimpanzees and owl monkeys, were also assayed for in vivo genetic stability. none of the five mutants tested was completely stable genetically. thus, virus which had lost some or all of the ts property was recovered from each infected chimpanzee. significantly, each ts-1 ng-1 isolate retained some degree of temperature se ...	1978	104003
experimentally induced respiratory syncytial viral infection in lambs.	signs of clinical illness, lesions, and seroconversion were observed in lambs experimentally inoculated with a respiratory syncytial virus of bovine origin. signs of clinical illness were mild and consisted of fever and hyperpnea. multifocal areas of interstitial pneumonia were seen in lambs necropsied during the period of clinical response. all lambs seroconverted to viral antigen, and the virus was isolated from two of the lambs.	1979	517825
respiratory syncytial virus with apnoea treated with theophylline.		1979	522760
lesions in lambs experimentally infected with bovine respiratory syncytial virus.	respiratory syncytial virus was inoculated intratracheally into five 1-week-old lambs. three of the lambs responded clinically with fever, hyperpnea, and listlessness. pulmonary lesions consisted of multifocal areas of consolidation, with necrosis of individual epithelial cells of the airways and accumulation of necrotic debris, macrophages, and few neutrophils in terminal airways and alveoli. pulmonary septa in affected areas were infiltrated with numerous macrophages and lymphocytes. viral par ...	1979	525867
effect of 2-deoxy-d-glucose and glucosamine on bovine respiratory syncytial virus.	2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-dg) and glucosamine reversibly inhibited the replication and cytopathic effects of bovine respiratory syncytial virus in bovine turbinate cell cultures. the inhibitors were effective when added up to 12 hours after cell cultures were inoculated. their effectiveness decreased as the time between inoculation of cells and drug treatment lengthened. the sugars did not inactivate the virus directly, and inoculation of drug-treated cells in drug-free medium produced normal yield o ...	1979	525934
characterization and identification of a bovine respiratory syncytial virus isolated from young calves.	two identical viruses designated 371 and 375 were recovered from nasal secretions of 2 of 7 calves in a beef cow-calf herd in which calves (45 to 105 days of age) had signs of acute respiratory tract disease. the cytopathic, morphologic and physico-chemical characteristics of the isolates were those of bovine respiratory syncytial virus. although a humoral antibody response to bovine respiratory syncytial virus was not observed, it was concluded that this virus probably had a part in the respira ...	1979	453673
further investigations of live respiratory syncytial virus vaccine administered parenterally.		1979	419156
reye's syndrome associated with respiratory syncytial virus infection.	an upper respiratory tract infection in a 22-month-old boy was followed by rapid loss of consciousness, hypoglycaemia, uraemia, and death. necropsy examination showed fatty change of liver and kidneys, severe cerebral oedema, bronchiolitis, and endocardial fibroelastosis affecting the left ventricle. immunofluorescence staining showed infection with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). the clinical and pathological findings were those of reye's syndrome, not previously reported accompanying rsv in ...	1979	420528
presumed respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia in an adolescent compromised host.	a 15-year-old boy with nephrotic syndrome, renal insufficiency, and cutaneous anergy had severe pneumonia with pleural effusion. there was serologic evidence of respiratory syncytial virus infection, and extensive microbiologic, histologic, and serologic studies failed to identify any other etiologic agent. respiratory syncytial virus as a possible cause of severe pneumonia in immunocompromised hosts has not been previously reported.	1979	472848
lymphocyte transformation in response to antigens of respiratory syncytial virus.		1979	482291
respiratory syncytial virus: a community problem.		1979	486998
[results obtained using an attenuated bovine syncytial virus vaccine against bronchopneumonia of yearlings (author's transl)].	bronchopneumonia of yearlings is a respiratory infection with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brs virus) occurring as a herd disease in young cattle. in severe cases, the clinical picture is identifiable; characteristic features are laboured respiration and a high morbidity rate. following an acute onset, atypical interstitial pneumonia is observed on postmorten examination and bacteriological studies are negative. an attenuated live brs virus vaccine was used against bronchopneumonia of yea ...	1979	494211
respiratory syncytial virus infection in owl monkeys: viral shedding, immunological response, and associated illness caused by wild-type virus and two temperature-sensitive mutants.	intranasal inoculation of owl monkeys with wild-type respiratory syncytial virus induced upper respiratory tract disease in each of seven animals. the response of owl monkeys to two highly defective, temperature-sensitive, multiple-lesion mutants was then compared to the pattern seen with wild-type respiratory syncytial virus. these mutants, ts-1 ng-1 and ts-1 ng-16, were derived from the ts-1 mutant that had been remutagenized with nitrosoguanidine (ng). previously the ts-1 ng-1 and ts-1 ng-16 ...	1979	118925
pneumoviruses: the cell surface of lytically and persistently infected cells.	human embryonic lung (mrc-5), feline embryo (fea), mink lung (mv1lu) and monkey kidney (bsc-1) cells infected by respiratory syncytial virus showed characteristic morphological changes when viewed by scanning electron microscopy. the surfaces of respiratory syncytial virus-infected cells developed a profusion of slender filaments after 48 h incubation at 31 degrees c. similar changes in surface morphology were observed in bsc-1 cells infected by murine pneumonia virus. filament production theref ...	1979	118236
nosocomial respiratory syncytial virus infections in an intensive care nursery: rapid diagnosis by direct immunofluorescence.	a nosocomial outbreak of respiratory syncytial virus infections involved 8 of 17 infants in an intensive care nursery and one additional infant in the adjoining newborn nursery. immunofluorescent staining of nasopharyngeal specimens was positive in six of seven virologically confirmed cases (86%). one additional case with negative viral cultures was also identified by this technique. viral isolation in tissue cultures required an average of 4.9 days, whereas results of immunofluorescent studies ...	1979	382079
the longitudinal approach to the pathogenesis of respiratory disease.	longitudinal observations were made of a well-defined population of children at a day care center in an investigation of the pathogenesis of infections due to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and mycoplasma pneumoniae. a single rsv infection induced a modest but significant degree of resistance to further rsv infection in these children. age and immunity seemed to interact to decrease the intensity of the clinical expression of illness associated with rsv infection. infants and young children h ...	1979	121783
immunoprophylaxis of respiratory syncytial virus infection in the infant ferret.	infant ferrets can be protected from respiratory syncytical virus challenge at 3 days of age by gestational infection of their mothers. ferrets acquire their immunity to respiratory syncytial virus postpartum via immunizing products of lactation. the level of protection against viral replication correlates with the maternal serum neutralizing titer or a concomitant factor. passive administration of adult ferret serum with a neutralizing titer of 1:1024 or greater, either i.p. or orally does not ...	1979	448139
ontogeny of the ferret humoral immune response.	infant ferrets are born with nearly undetectable immunoglobulin levels, but by 9 days of age the infant ferret serum contains 77, 29, and 13% of adult mean serum levels of igg, iga, and igm. transmucosal uptake of igg by the infant ferret occurred for the first 30 days of life. the specific anti-respiratory syncytial virus neutralizing titer of whole milk was 5.5 times higher than maternal serum despite a lower concentration of immunoglobulins in the milk.	1979	448158
long-term epidemiology of infections with mycoplasma pneumoniae.	pneumonia due to mycoplasma pneumoniae was monitored in a large prepaid medical-care group in seattle, washington, between 1963 and 1975. the disease was diagnosed by isolation of m. pneumoniae and/or significant rises in titer of complement-fixing (antilipid) antibody in paired sera. infection was endemic without significant seasonal fluctuations. two epidemics occurred: the first peaked in january 1967, the second late in the summer of 1974. total rates of pneumonia infection in children incre ...	1979	448195
the polypeptides of human respiratory syncytial virus: products of cell-free protein synthesis and post-translational modifications.		1979	425320
respiratory syncytial virus and sudden infant death.		1979	440395
respitory syncytial virus and sudden infant death.		1979	440396
respiratory syncytial virus and sudden infant death.		1979	440397
respiratory syncytial virus polypeptides: their location in the virion.		1979	442538
croup and pneumonia in human infants associated with a new strain of respiratory syncytial virus.		1979	119004
observations on outbreaks of respiratory disease in calves associated with parainfluenza type 3 virus and respiratory syncytial virus infection.	in four outbreaks of indoor calf pneumonia, dyspnoea was a prominent clinical finding. at necropsy it was associated with pneumonia involving the cranial lobes of the lung and severe pulmonary emphysema. histological examination of lung tissue revealed bronchiolitis and alveolitis with alveolar epithelial cell hyperplasia and multinucleate syncytium formation. intraalveolar haemorrhage, intra-alveolar oedema and hyaline membrane formation were also noted. in all cases parainfluenza type 3 (pi3) ...	1979	219584
clinical significance of pulmonary function tests. alterations in pulmonary function following respiratory viral infection.	respiratory viral illness is a major cause of morbidity in both adults and children. this report focuses on both the acute and chronic effects on respiratory function of these ubiquitous infections. infant airways are particularly vulnerable due to the relatively low conductance in immature peripheral airways. bronchiolitis, caused predominantly by respiratory syncytial virus, is the most important of these viral illnesses and is emerging as a major risk factor for the subsequent development of ...	1979	225132
clones of cells from a human embryo lung: their growth and susceptibility to respiratory viruses.	colonies of cells were obtained from human fetal lung tissue and exposed to recently isolated respiratory viruses. there was a considerable variation in the number of rounded cells found in different colonies exposed to rhinovirus types 2 and 9 (rv2 and 9), human coronavirus 229e (hcv), adenovirus type 3 (ad3) and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). smaller colonies had more rounded cells than larger colonies. clones were established from 9 out of 11 colonies. they varied in their rate of growth ...	1979	229795
neonatal respiratory-syncytial-virus infection.		1979	313006
[bronchopneumonia of yearlings (pinkengriep). bovine respiratory syncytial virus as a cause of atypical interstitial pneumonia in young cattle (author's transl)].		1979	315112
respiratory syncytial virus in naples outbreak.		1979	255512
cell-mediated immune response to respiratory syncytial virus infection: relationship to the development of reactive airway disease.	the possibility that cell-mediated immunity might play a role in the pathogenesis of infection with respiratory syncytial virus was evaluated in a study of 39 infants. infection with rsv was confirmed by identification of virus in nasopharyngeal secretions using immunofluorescence, and by tissue culture infectivity. cmi, as determined by a whole blood lymphocyte transformation technique, was evaluated in samples taken 0 to 10 and 20 to 60 days after the onset of illness. patients diagnosed as ha ...	1979	423016
clinical and physiological manifestations of bronchiolitis and pneumonia. outcome of respiratory syncytial virus.	the physiological abnormalities and clinical correlates of 32 infants consecutively hospitalized with lower respiratory tract disease from respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) were studied in an attempt to characterized the infant most at risk for the acute and long-term complications of rsv infection. arterial oxygen saturation (sao2) determinations were obtained daily by means of an ear oximeter. on admission all infants were hypoxemic with a mean sao2 of 87% (range, 74% to 95%). the mean of the ...	1979	463835
demonstration of anti-rubella antibody-secreting cells in rheumatoid arthritis patients.	in the present study we describe a plaque-forming cell assay using erythrocytes coated with viral antigen, which detected anti-viral antibody-secreting cells against various viral antigens. these anti-viral antibody-secreting cell were studied in normal individuals with known viral infections and in rheumatoid arthritis patients. rubella anti-viral antibody-secreting cells were present after induction in the peripheral blood of eight out of ten patients. no plaques were seen before induction. sy ...	1979	472665
respiratory-syncytial-virus infections, reinfections and immunity. a prospective, longitudinal study in young children.	to better understand acquired immunity to respiratory-syncytial-virus infections, we analyzed data from a 10-year study of respiratory illness in normal children who were followed longitudinally from early infancy. immunity was measured in terms of failure to become infected or reduction in severity of clinical illness upon reinfection. outbreaks of infections occurred seven times over the 10-year-period. during epidemics the attack rate for first infection was 98 per cent. the rate for second i ...	1979	763253
solid-phase radioimmunoassay of serum immunoglobulin a antibodies to respiratory syncytial virus and adenovirus.	a solid-phase radioimmunoassay for detecting respiratory syncytial virus and adenovirus serum immunoglobulin a (iga) antibodies was developed. an antigen consisting of purified adenovirus type 2 hexons or a crude lysate of respiratory syncytial virus-infected cells was first adsorbed onto polystyrene beads. the coated beads were then incubated with dilutions of serum, and iga antibodies which attached to the solid-phase virus antigen were subsequently detected with 125i-labeled anti-human alpha ...	1979	511988
[the significance of respiratory syncytial virus as pathogen in respiratory tract infections in infants (author's transl)].	ten out of twenty babies aged up to twelve months and admitted during the months february and march 1978 were shown to be infected with respiratory syncytial virus. during the first 6 months of life the disease usually presents as bronchiolitis. serologically only neutralising antibodies were demonstrable in this age group. iga was usually raised in babies with bronchopneumonia. an allergic reaction between virus antigen and maternal antibodies is considered to occur, assuming an activation of t ...	1979	516739
detection of respiratory syncytial virus in nasal secretions from infants by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.	an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed for detection of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in nasal secretions from infants with respiratory disease. rsv was detected in 23 of 29 secretions positive for rsv by tissue culture and in one of 36 samples negative for rsv by tissue culture. the elisa was a simple rapid, and surprisingly sensitive test for identification of rsv infection in infants.	1979	374650
cell-free and cell-bound antibody in nasal secretions from infants with respiratory syncytial virus infection.	twenty-two infants under 9 months of age hospitalized with bronchiolitis or pneumonia due to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) were serially sampled to determine the pattern of secretory antibody response. using double labeling techniques, we found several types of immunoglobulin in secretions: cell-free antibody to rsv of the immunoglobulin a (iga), immunoglobulin g (igg), and immunoglobulin m (igm) classes; and immunoglobulins of all three classes bound to rsv-infected cells shed from the nasa ...	1979	422241
[serological survey for virus and mycoplasma infections (author's transl)].	the authors describe the two years follow up of complement fixing antibodies vs 4 viral antigens (herpes simplex, herpes zoster, cytomegalovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, mycoplasma pneumoniae). they evaluate the seasonal trend and the eventual clinical correlations on 3267 sera and 254 spinal fluids from hospitalized patients.	1979	233415
clinical and radiological studies in children with respiratory syncytial virus infection.		1979	546771
respiratory syncytial virus infection in inbred mice.	respiratory syncytial virus infected the nose and lungs of each of 20 strains of inbred mice, with viral titers varying 100-fold from least permissive to most permissive strains. viral titers appeared to be under genetic control, but did not correlate with the h-2 haplotype.	1979	546793
[respiratory infection epidemic during the winter of 1979 in umbria].	the aa, report the results of virological and serological investigations performed during an epidemic of acute respiratory diseases in umbria. the epidemic was associated with respiratory syncytial virus; other virus infections were sporadic.	1979	553517
a respiratory syncytial virus outbreak in a transitional care nursery.		1979	517481
experimental respiratory syncytial virus infection in feeder-age lambs.	signs of disease, lesions, and serologic response were seen in six 6-month-old-lambs experimentally inoculated with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). a transient febrile response, mild hyperpnea, and listlessness were seen. multifocal areas of interstitial pneumonia and bronchiolitis were seen in lambs necropsied during the period of clinical response. a serologic response to rsv was seen in all lambs, and rsv was recovered from five lambs.	1979	525890
measles and rubella virus antibodies in patients with multiple sclerosis. a longitudinal study of serum and csf specimens by radioimmunoassay.	a longitudinal study on rubella, measles, and respiratory syncytial virus antibodies in serial serum and csf specimens from 20 multiple sclerosis (ms) patients was performed, using solid-phase radioimmunoassay. albumin and immunoglobulin g (igg) levels were also measured to check the integrity of the blood-brain barrier and the intrathecal igg production. all the patients had local igg production in their cna. a local antibody production against one or more of the viruses studied was evident in ...	1979	444095
the etiologic and epidemiologic spectrum of bronchiolitis in pediatric practice.	to develop a broad understanding of the causes and patterns of occurrence of wheezing associated respiratory infections, we analyzed data from an 11-year study of acute lower respiratory illness in a pediatric practice. although half of the wari occurred in children less than 2 years of age, wheezing continued to be observed in 19% of children greater than 9 years of age who had lower respiratory illness. males experienced lri 1.25 times more often than did females; the relative risk of males fo ...	1979	448557
respiratory syncytial virus, 1979: scotland.		1979	526842
secretory immunity in influenza.	the dynamics of secretory antibody formation, the duration of secretory antibody preservation, and changes in the concentration of secretory antibodies to antigens other than influenza virus were studied in 64 patients with influenza a, 105 patients with influenza b, and 23 persons who had had influenza a. severe forms of influenza a were accompanied by antibody accumulation in sera and nasal secretions; in some cases of mild forms of this infection, this process was limited by the humoral immun ...	1979	541522
respiratory syncytial virus in nurseries.		1979	759920
respiratory syncytial virus theory on naples' deaths.		1979	257184
intramuscular inoculation of live respiratory syncytial virus induces immunity in cotton rats.	intramuscular inoculation of infant or weanling cotton rats with 10(2.2) to 10(4) plaque-forming units of respiratory syncytial virus induced significant or complete resistance to infection in both the upper and lower portions of the respiratory tract. this resistance did not appear to be the result of in vitro neutralization of virus during homogenization of tissue. virus was not recovered from the local site of inoculation after 5 min and was never detected in the respiratory tract of intramus ...	1979	572342
antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity against cells infected with respiratory syncytial virus: characterization of in vitro and in vivo properties.	an in vitro 51cr release assay for human antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (adcc) against hela cells infected with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) has been characterized by using leukophoresed and adherent cell-depleted adult lymphocytes. lymphoytes from rsv seronegative children were also competent as effector cells. sera from children with :1) primary and recurrent natural rsv infections, or 2) live attenuated rsv vaccine infection were examined to characterize the behavior of ad ...	1979	571890
neonatal respiratory syncytial virus infection.	respiratory syncytial virus infections are thought to be uncommon in the first month of life. during a community outbreak, we prospectively studied such infection in our neonatal units. of 82 neonates studied, 66 were hospitalized for six days or longer, and 23 (35 per cent) acquired this virus. four infants died, two unexpectedly. infected infants had a significantly shorter gestation and birth weight. illness was often atypical, with nonspecific signs, especially in infants under three weeks o ...	1979	759915
rapid immunofluorescence diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus infections among children in european countries.		1980	6104237
cell cultures from bone affected by paget's disease.	cells obtained from paget's bone specimens were maintained in culture for up to 8 1/2 months. the cells had several characteristics of bone cells including the presence of alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, or succinic dehydrogenase as demonstrated histochemically. electron microscopy revealed nuclear inclusions similar to those found in the osterclasts of paget's disease in 4 or 11 cultures. immunohistology utilizing specific antisera demonstrated the presence of respiratory syncytial viru ...	1980	6158956
seasonal pattern in childhood viral lower respiratory tract infections in melbourne.	respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza viruses are the major pathogens in acute lower respiratory infection in infants and younger children. they show distinct seasonal patterns. an annual epidemic of respiratory syncytial virus infection is seen in melbourne and this coincides with the coldest months of the year. parainfluenza virus type 1, the most frequent cause of laryngotracheobronchitis, occurs as an autumn epidemic every second year. parainfluenza virus types 2 and 3 are present mo ...	1980	6244480
inhibition of respiratory syncytial virus by bis(5-amidino-2-benzimidazolyl)methane.		1980	6247826
prospects for new viral vaccines.	animal virology has made outstanding contributions to preventive medicine by the development of vaccines for the control of infectious disease in man and animals. cost-benefit analysis indicates substantial savings in health care costs from the control of diseases such as smallpox, poliomyelitis, yellow fever and measels. areas for further development include vaccines for influenza (living, attenuated virus), the herpes group (varicella: cytomegalovirus), respiratory syncytial virus, rotavirus a ...	1980	6106250
rapid diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus infections in children.		1980	6105590
nosocomial viral infections: ii. guidelines for prevention and control of respiratory viruses, herpesviruses, and hepatitis viruses.	this article reviews the most likely mechanisms of transmission of the commonly encountered respiratory viruses (influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza, rhinovirus), herpesviruses, and hepatitis viruses, and presents the guidelines used currently for prevention and control that are in use at strong memorial hospital.	1980	6256306
a survey of virus infections of the respiratory tract of cattle and their association with disease.	a total of 1590 caves were investigated between may 1972 and december 1975. twenty-two per cent were treated for respiratory disease and 2 . 5% died of pneumonia. almost 80% of the respiratory illness occurred in six sharp outbreaks. samples of virology were collected routinely from 127 healthy calves and from 354 calves treated for respiratory signs and comprised 1143 nasopharyngeal swabs and 1069 sera. virus infections were detected on 540 occasions including 135 by parainfluenzavirus type 3 ( ...	1980	6256435
injury of respiratory epithelium.	the large surface area provided by the respiratory tract epithelium of humans for exposure to microbial agents and toxic substances in the environment makes this organ system very vulnerable but a good early indicator of adverse health effects. however, the complexity of pulmonary defense mechanisms complicates definition of the interactive effects of pollutants and infectious agents. tracheal organ culture has been utilized to maintain organized, differentiated respiratory epithelium in vitro. ...	1980	6250814
rheumatoid factor in acute viral infections: interference with determination of igm, igg, and iga antibodies in an enzyme immunoassay.	igm rheumatoid factor (rf), an autoantibody to the fc fragment of igg, was determined by solid-phase enzyme immunoassay (eia). rf levels were significantly higher in patients with rubella virus infection than in patients with infections due to influenza virus, cytomegalovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus, adenovirus, mumps virus, or herpes simplex virus. to evaluate the role of rf in eia determinations of viral antibodies, igm rf from igm-igg cryoglobulin or control igm was ...	1980	6251140
[rapid diagnosis of respiratory virus infections in children. respiratory syncytial virus demonstrated by the immunofluorescent technic].		1980	6250259
experimental models for study of common respiratory viruses.	numerous epidemiological studies have shown that there is excess respiratory disease morbidity in areas of high atmospheric pollution, implying an interactive effect on the clinical illness associated with these common infections. the principal etiologic agents of human respiratory infections are respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), influenza viruses (iv), parainfluenza virus types 1 and 3 (p1, p3), adenoviruses (ad), rhinoviruses (rv) and mycoplasma pneumoniae (mpn). understanding the pathogenesi ...	1980	6250807
secretory immunological response in infants and children to parainfluenza virus types 1 and 2.	the secretory immunological responses to natural infection with parainfluenza viruses ae not well defined. nasopharyngeal secretion specimens from 20 infants and children naturally infected with parainfluenza virus type 1 or type 2 were examined for class-specific antibody and virus-neutralizing activity. there was a marked discordance in individual secretions between immunoglobulin a (iga) antibody (as measured by indirect immunofluorescence) and neutralizing activity (as determined by either h ...	1980	6254881
comparison of direct immunofluorescent staining of clinical specimens for respiratory virus antigens with conventional isolation techniques.	staining of clinical respiratory specimens obtained by nasopharyngeal and throat swabs with direct fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated antisera to para-influenza virus types 1, 2, and 3, influenza a virus, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, mumps virus, and measles virus was compared with isolation procedures in routine tissue culture systems. direct staining of clinical specimens with the commercially available conjugated offered a rapid means of diagnosing respiratory infections on a r ...	1980	6260834
nosocomial viral infections: i. epidemiology and significance.	viral illnesses in strong memorial hospital were monitored over a 17-month period. using criteria based primarily on the incubation periods for a number of common virus infections, the infections we found were classified as hospital- or community-acquired. hospital-acquired viral infections occurred on most hospital services; the majority of infections occurred on the pediatric and psychiatric services. infections due to herpesviruses were seen more frequently in a group of patients aged 14 year ...	1980	6274823
respiratory syncytial virus. ii. isolation and morphology of the glycoproteins.	treatment of respiratory syncytial (rs) virus with triton x-100 in solutions of low ionic strength solubilized not only glycoproteins but also some non-glycosylated proteins. rate zonal sedimentation of the solubilized materials resulted in separation of the glycoproteins from the other components, i.e. one fraction predominantly composed of two glycoproteins each with molecular weight (mol. wt.) of approximately 100,000 and 53,000 was obtained. electron microscopic observation of this fraction ...	1980	6452027
effect of viral infections on pulmonary function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases.	the effect of 100 separate viral infections of the respiratory tract on pulmonary function was evaluated prospectively over an eight-year period in 84 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and in eight normal subjects. some viral infections were associated with small acute declines in forced vital capacity and/or 1-sec forced expiratory volume of 25-300 ml. these declines were detectable only during the 90-day period after infection. the greatest abnormalities of pulmonary functio ...	1980	6767794
microbiology of otitis media.	the microbiology of otitis media (om) has been documented by cultures of middle ear fluid (mef) obtained by needle aspiration. the results of studies of bacteriology of om from sweden, finland and the united states are very similar: streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae are the most important pathogens: gram-negative enteric bacilli are isolated from mef of approximately equal to 20% of infants to six weeks of age but are rarely present in mef of older children; group a beta hemoly ...	1980	6778362
breast-feeding and respiratory syncytial virus infection.	the pattern of breast-feeding in 127 infants admitted to hospital with respiratory syncytial virus infection was compared with that in 503 age-matched controls. thirty per cent of children with infection had been breast-fed compared with 49% of controls. the approximate relative risk of being admitted to hospital with respiratory syncytial virus infection if not breast-fed was 2.2. several other factors were also considered, including an assessment of maternal care and home environment; the moth ...	1980	6775754
bovine respiratory syncytial virus in quebec: antibody prevalence and disease outbreak.	the prevalence of antibody to bovine respiratory syncytial virus in quebec and the role of the virus in a respiratory disease outbreak was investigated. the indirect immunofluorescent, neutralization and haemagglutination inhibition techniques were used to carry out this study. of the 1,444 adult animals examined 519 (35.9%) had antibody to bovine respiratory syncytial virus. these positive reactors were found in each agricultural region of quebec. the highest (53.0%) and the lowest (21.8%) prev ...	1980	7000320
rubella immunity testing by mixed hemadsorption.	a mixed hemadsorption (mh) test for naturally acquired rubella immunity and immune responses after rubella vaccination has been compared with the hemagglutination-inhibition (hi) test, the immunodiffusion (id) test, the neutralization test (nt), the hemolysis-in-gel (hig) test and the indirect immunofluorescence (if) test. the mh test was approximately equivalent to the hi test and the nt as to sensitivity for the early response to rubella vaccination, and all three tests are thought to measure ...	1980	7003020
disinfecting endoscopes: how not to transmit mycobacterium tuberculosis by bronchoscopy.	mycobacterium tuberculosis was cultured from the bronchial washings of two patients who underwent bronchoscopy consecutively with the same bronchoscope. active pulmonary tuberculosis was later confirmed in the first patient, whereas the second patient had clinical and serologic evidence of infection with respiratory syncytial virus. the bronchoscope had been cleaned with an iodophor disinfectant, which had not destroyed the tubercle bacilli. the agent recommended for chemical disinfection of fib ...	1980	6790150
prevention of infections with respiratory syncytial virus: the hopes and hurdles ahead.	control of infections due to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) by immunization poses special problems. first, the peak period of serious illness due to rsv is during the first few months of life, and thus a vaccine would have to be administered during the neonatal period. second, we understand little of the pathogenesis of and immunity to rsv disease in newborns, and an immune reaction may even play a role in the development of the lower respiratory tract disease seen in infancy. third, immunity ...	1980	6997967
[respiratory syncytial virus in cancer adult patients (author's transl)].		1980	6937078
pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis in young immunocompetent infants.	of 67 infants enrolled in a prospective study of infant pneumonia ten (14%) had evidence of pneumocystis carinii infection. diagnosis was achieved by demonstrating circulating p carinii antigens by counterimmunoelectrophoresis in all ten cases and by histopathology in the only infant who underwent an open lung biopsy. antigenemia did not occur in 64 control infants (p = .003), nor in 57 patients of similar age who were hospitalized with pneumonitis due to chlamydia trachomatis, respiratory syncy ...	1980	6967588
serodiagnosis of respiratory synctial virus infections in infants and young children by the immunoperoxidse technique.	the immunoperoxidase antibody (ipa) technique was used to develop two new tests for serodiagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus infections: a microneutralization test based on the reduction of the number of infected cells and an ipa test for determination of virus-specific immunoglobulin g (igg). neutralizing antibody was determined both in the presence and absence of complement. in a group of 24 infants and young childres, ages less than 1 to 36 months, with acute respiratory syncytial virus i ...	1980	6986407
respiratory syncytial virus serology by a simplified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.	a simplified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) which utilized commercially available reagents was developed for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-specific immunoglobulin g. an analysis of the inherent variation of the assay allowed the setting of strict criteria for determining a significant change in rsv antibodies. the elisa was more sensitive than the standard complement fixation or microneutralization tests in a carefully studied group of 32 rsv-infected adults. the elisa correlated ...	1980	7012179
immunopathologic mechanisms in lower respiratory tract disease of infants due to respiratory syncytial virus.		1980	6999535
rapid diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus infections by immunofluorescence on cell smears from nasopharyngeal secretions.	the efficiency of indirect immunofluorescence for detection of respiratory syncytial (rs) virus antigens in nasopharyngeal secretions was compared with virus isolation on highly sensitive cell culture systems maintained in serum-free media. twenty out of 22 (91%) culture-positive specimens were correctly identified by indirect immunofluorescence, which gave no false positive results. since clinical specimens were sometimes unsuitable for immunofluorescence studies, this could explain two false n ...	1980	7006628
a simple and rapid microassay for the titration of human respiratory syncytial virus.	a microassay, using tissue culture microplates for the titration of human respiratory syncytial virus by syncytium formation, is described. virus titers obtained agreed well with those obtained in a larger assay system; the microassay, however, is more rapid and economical. large numbers of virus samples are easily and rapidly processed as the assay necessitates an incubation period of only three days.	1980	7014578
the possible role of respiratory syncytial virus and pasteurella spp in calf respiratory disease.	in a natural outbreak of respiratory disease during 1976, 31 of 43 calves showed moderately severe clinical signs which included pyrexia (maximum 42 degrees c) and tachypnoea. during the outbreak infection by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was demonstrated by isolation from nasopharyngeal swabs or by serology. pasteurella haemolytica or p multocida were isolated from the blood of four and five calves respectively. in the month before disease 65 per cent of the calves showed significant antibo ...	1980	7210428
secretion of respiratory syncytial virus inhibitors and antibody in human milk throughout lactation.	neutralising inhibitors to respiratory syncytial (rs) virus have been demonstrated in the whey of most samples of human milk tested. although high titres were secreted in colostra of some mothers (1/10-1/2,560; median 1/40) inhibitor levels in milk collected after the first week of lactation were uniformly low (median 1/10). high neutralising titres correlated with high colostral levels of specific antiviral iga but, unlike neutralising activity, iga antiviral antibody persisted in the milk of o ...	1980	7014782