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mechanisms of immunity to respiratory syncytial virus in cotton rats.active immunity and maternally transmitted passive immunity to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) were studied in cotton rats. animals infected with respiratory syncytial virus developed complete resistance to pulmonary reinfection, which lasted at least 18 months. nasal resistance was of shorter duration and began to diminish in 8 months. pulmonary resistance was transferred by parabiosis, but nasal resistance was not. adoptive transfer studies with fractionated convalescent blood showed that se ...19836352505
rapid diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus and influenza a virus infections by immunofluorescence: experience with a simplified procedure for the preparation of cell smears from nasopharyngeal secretions.a simplified procedure for preparing direct smears of exfoliated cells from nasopharyngeal secretions is presented. the specimens were examined by the indirect immunofluorescence (if) technique for the presence of respiratory syncytial (rs) virus and influenza a virus antigens. specimens from 457 children hospitalised at twelve different hospital departments in norway were examined during the winter season 1980-81. rs virus was identified in samples from 139 children and influenza a virus from 2 ...19836353858
experimental respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia in young calves: microbiologic and immunofluorescent findings.young calves were inoculated with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) intranasally or by a combined intranasal and intratracheal route and were killed between postinoculation (initial) days (pid) 1 and 14. viral antigens were detected by immunofluorescence in nasopharyngeal cells from calves killed between pid 2 and 10. evidence of infection of the trachea and lungs with rsv was obtained by immunofluorescence and virus isolation in calves inoculated by the combined route, but not in calves inocula ...19836354017
correlation of cytotoxic activity in lungs to recovery of normal and gamma-irradiated cotton rats from respiratory syncytial virus infection.cotton rats (sigmodon hispidus) that were exposed to 300, 600, or 900 rads of gamma irradiation and inoculated intranasally 2 days later with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) exhibited prolonged virus shedding and delayed humoral and cytotoxic immune responses compared with comparably inoculated nonirradiated control rats. in nonirradiated animals and in animals exposed to 300 and 600 rads, levels of virus declined and then disappeared from the lungs during the period in which cytotoxic activit ...19836354026
enzymatic cleavage of a glycoprotein of respiratory syncytial virus.the 75k glycoprotein of the a2 strain of respiratory syncytial virus was cleaved by digestion with trypsin or staphylococcus aureus protease v8. the fragments resulting from trypsin digestion were 40k and 29k; those from the staphylococcal protease were 49k and 37k.19836354136
rapid immunoperoxidase assay for detection of respiratory syncytial virus in nasopharyngeal secretions.samples of nasopharyngeal secretions obtained from 70 infants and young children with acute respiratory disease were examined for the presence of respiratory syncytial virus by immunoperoxidase assay (ipa). the ipa was compared with the immunofluorescence assay and with cell culture isolation. respiratory syncytial virus antigen-positive cells were detected by both ipa and immunofluorescence assay in 28 specimens; 25 samples were positive in cell culture. the agreement between virus isolation an ...19836355168
ribavirin aerosol treatment of bronchiolitis associated with respiratory syncytial virus infection in infants.in a double-blind study, bronchiolitis associated with respiratory syncytial virus infection in 12 randomly selected patients treated with ribavirin aerosol improved more rapidly than in 14 control patients given saline aerosol (p = .044, wilcoxon rank sum test, two-tailed). an estimated 10 mg of ribavirin per kilogram of body weight was administered in daily 12-hour treatments over a five-day period. respiratory syncytial virus disappeared from secretions at about the same rate in treated and c ...19836356005
[asthmatic syndrome in respiratory syncytial virus infection associated with influenza in young children]. 19836356010
respiratory syncytial virus detection by immunofluorescence in nasal secretions with monoclonal antibodies against selected surface and internal proteins.specimens containing respiratory tract epithelial cells from infants and children with acute respiratory disease were evaluated by using an indirect immunofluorescence technique with two specific respiratory syncytial virus monoclonal antibodies. one (rs/hn 13-1) was directed against a cell surface viral antigen, and the other (rs/hn 25-2) was directed against viral antigen present in large cytoplasmic inclusions. the same results on presence or absence of respiratory syncytial virus were obtain ...19836361054
protection from respiratory syncytial virus infection in cotton rats by passive transfer of monoclonal antibodies.the effects of passive administration of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mab) to respiratory syncytial virus glycoproteins (gp90 and vp70) was evaluated in cotton rats challenged with respiratory syncytial virus. animals injected with mab to vp70 had lower mean viral titers in lung tissues than did controls (log10 2.5 versus 5.4 pfu/g; p less than 0.001), as did cotton rats given mab to gp90 (log10 2.1 versus 5.0 pfu/g; p less than 0.001). fifty percent of animals given either mab had no det ...19846363300
detection by elisa of iga and igm antibodies in secretion and igm antibodies in serum in primary lower respiratory syncytial virus infection.twenty-six infants and children with primary lower rs virus infection, diagnosed by the detection of rs virus in nasopharyngeal secretion (nps) by use of immunofluorescent antibody (fa) technique, were studied with respect to the presence of iga and igm antibodies. samples of nps and serum obtained during the first 3-4 months following the beginning of illness, were investigated. employing a reverse elisa technique, we found igm antibodies in the acute, but not during the convalescent, phase of ...19846363623
infection of gnotobiotic calves with a bovine and human isolate of respiratory syncytial virus. modification of the response by dexamethasone.a bovine and a human strain of rsv both adapted to bovine cell culture, have been inoculated separately into 13 and 7 gnotobiotic calves respectively by 3 different methods. both strains infected calves and showed similar growth patterns. virus was recovered from the nasopharynx between one and 11 days with peak titres between 3 and 8 days following inoculation. with the exception of 4 calves treated with dexamethasone no clinical signs and only minimal macroscopic lesions of the lung were induc ...19846365036
experimental pneumonia in gnotobiotic calves produced by respiratory syncytial virus.a bovine isolate of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), when inoculated intranasally into eight gnotobiotic calves produced significant macroscopic lesions of the lung (2-25% consolidation) but failed to produce any clinical signs of disease. the microscopic lesions comprised proliferative and exudative bronchiolitis with accompanying alveolar collapse and infiltration by mononuclear cells of the peribronchiolar tissue and alveolar walls. virus was recovered from the nasopharynx between days 2 an ...19846365144
evidence for both respiratory syncytial virus and measles virus antigens in the osteoclasts of patients with paget's disease of bone.recent ultrastructural and immunohistochemical evidence supports the hypothesis that paget's disease of bone is a slow viral infection of the paramyxoviridae family. conflicting evidence for the presence of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), a pneumovirus, or measles, a morbillivirus, has been reported. by the indirect fluorescent antibody assay, four rsv antisera were compared with four measles antisera on serial sections of pagetic bone or replicate coverslips of cells from pagetic bone grown ...19846365389
[respiratory syncytial virus and influenza a virus infections in children. a simplified preparation of samples for rapid virus diagnosis]. 19846369621
respiratory syncytial virus diagnosis. 19846372231
use of immunofluorescence in the study of the pathogenesis of respiratory syncytial virus infection. 19836372603
viral diagnoses using the rapid immunofluorescence technique and epidemiological implications of acute respiratory infections among children in different european countries.from november 1978 to october 1981, a total of 7716 specimens of nasopharyngeal secretions were examined by the rapid immunofluorescence technique to determine the frequency of infections caused by the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), influenza virus a, and parainfluenza viruses 1 and 3. the tests were carried out in six different virus laboratories located in newcastle upon tyne (england), copenhagen, oslo, stockholm, turku (finland), and vienna; laboratories in lisbon and paris participated ...19846375886
isolation of pathogenic bacteria from the nasopharynx of children with respiratory syncytial virus infection. predictive value of chest roentgen examination and laboratory tests.potentially pathogenic bacteria were isolated from the nasopharynx in 33/66 hospitalized infants and children with verified respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. the value of chest roentgenograms and blood counts for the prediction of concomitant bacterial infection was evaluated. abnormal chest roentgenograms were found in 89% whether pathogenic bacteria were present or not. the most common finding was general hyperinflation of the lungs, with or without infiltrates. this occurred more f ...19846377479
respiratory virus infection in hospitalized children in austria 1979-1982. diagnosis by immunofluorescence.nasal secretions from 349 austrian children under six years of age who were hospitalized for respiratory illnesses were screened for the presence of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), parainfluenza virus 1 and 3, adenovirus and influenza a virus over a period of four years by the immunofluorescence technique. 35% of the specimens were found to be positive for one of the five viruses investigated. rsv was detected in 31% of the nasal secretions and was thus the most frequently encountered causati ...19846381315
cell-mediated immune response in cattle to bovine respiratory syncytial virus.cattle inoculated with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) were evaluated for the development of a cell-mediated immune response. results of the leukocyte migration-inhibition test under agarose and the delayed hypersensitivity test indicated that a cell-mediated immune response was elicited after intranasal inoculation of calves with brsv. migration inhibition in the leukocyte migration-inhibition test was detected by postinoculation day (pid) 5 and reached maximum inhibition on pid 21. i ...19846383149
pathogenesis of experimental bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection in sheep.conventionally reared lambs, seronegative to bovine respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), were inoculated with bovine rsv by an aerosol route. a mild clinical response, characterized by transient fever at postinoculation day (pid) 4, occurred and was accompanied by serous oculonasal secretions in less than 50% of the infected lambs. a decrease in total wbc was observed on pid 6 and 11, with a reduction in the total numbers of lymphocytes. bovine rsv was recovered from nasal secretions of inoculated ...19846383151
interaction of bovine respiratory syncytial virus and pasteurella haemolytica in the ovine lung.the potential synergistic effect of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and pasteurella haemolytica in the production of pneumonia after aerosol/intranasal infection of conventionally reared lambs was evaluated. a mild clinical response was observed in lambs given virus and/or bacteria. gross pulmonary lesions were seen in 3 of 6 lambs given rsv and then p haemolytica 3 or 6 days later, respectively (groups d and e), and in 1 lamb of 5 given virus and bacteria simultaneously (group g). gros ...19846383152
immune response to respiratory syncytial virus: prevention of syncytia formation by human serum during in vitro infection.human serum specimens containing respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-specific neutralizing antibody were found to prevent the formation of syncytia when applied to hep-2 tissue culture monolayers which had been infected with rsv 12 h previously. this was evidenced by the demonstration of rsv-infected cells without any syncytia formation in the monolayers treated with rsv antibody-positive serum. on the other hand, widespread syncytia formation was observed with antibody-negative control serum. the ...19846387611
bronchiolitis: a clinical review.bronchiolitis is an acute viral infection primarily caused by respiratory syncytial virus, affecting children under 2 years of age with a peak prior to six months. the clinical picture results from an inflammatory process of the small bronchi and bronchioles. infants present with tachypnea and wheezing often accompanied by respiratory distress and hyperinflation. supportive care is essential, children respond slowly to hydration and careful observation. respiratory distress requires hospitalizat ...19836389670
an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for igg and iga antibodies to respiratory syncytial virus in low dilutions of secretions of human serum and secretions.an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) has been developed for titration of igg and iga antibodies to respiratory syncytial (rs) virus in low dilutions of human serum, colostrum, and nasopharyngeal secretions. previously the sensitivity of rs virus elisa on such specimens has been limited by nonspecific absorption of antibody, particularly iga, to crude antigen preparations. for igg antibody estimation in infant sera, this unwanted binding was reduced to workable levels by increasing the se ...19846389773
antibiotic treatment of pneumonia and bronchiolitis. a prospective randomised study.routine administration of antibiotics in the treatment of pneumonia and bronchiolitis in infants and small children was evaluated in an open randomised prospective trial. from 1979-82 136 children between the age of 1 month and 6 years were allocated to one of two treatment groups shortly after their admission to a paediatric ward. group a patients were to be given antibiotics but those in group b were not. none of the children had received antibiotics before hospital admission. a viral infectio ...19846391389
suppression of respiratory syncytial virus infection in cotton rats by bis(5-amidino-2-benzimidazolyl)methane.intraperitoneal administration of bis(5-amidino-2-benzimidazolyl)methane at well-tolerated daily doses of 25 mg/kg subsequent to challenge and for 3 days thereafter effected over a 1-log reduction in the amount of virus recovered from lungs of cotton rats inoculated intratracheally with respiratory syncytial virus. when animals were immunosuppressed to prolong virus shedding, the reduction in recovered virus achieved with a 7-day dosing schedule of bis(5-amidino-2-benzimidazolyl)methane exceeded ...19846393863
[rapid diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus in children with bronchiolitis by indirect immunofluorescence technic]. 19846400166
impact of viral respiratory diseases on infants and young children in a rural and urban area of southern west virginia.acute viral respiratory disease occurring in children residing in the community of huntington, west virginia (urban children) or in the hollows surrounding huntington (rural children) was evaluated from september 1978 through march 1980. cohorts of ambulatory children residing in each area were studied for the occurrence of mild to moderate respiratory disease. all children admitted to hospitals were evaluated for the occurrence of severe viral respiratory disease. respiratory secretions were ob ...19836404161
respiratory syncytial virus infection in the elderly 1976-82. 19836416524
respiratory syncytial virus infection in the elderly. 19846419871
respiratory viruses and sudden infant death.viruses were shown to be present in the respiratory tract in 200 of 763 cases of the sudden infant death syndrome studied in the nine years 1974-82. epidemiological and pathological evidence suggested that the distribution of viruses in the sudden infant death syndrome differs between infants aged 3 months or less and those aged over 3 months: the incidence of detection of virus was 14% in the younger group compared with 39% in the older group. the distribution of the viruses in these two groups ...19846426615
management of respiratory failure in infants with acute viral bronchiolitis.fifteen infants with acute viral bronchiolitis required mechanical ventilation. infants were all aged less than 12 weeks and all had evidence of atelectasis or pneumonia on chest x-ray films. respiratory syncytial virus was identified by immunofluorescence in 14 of 15 patients. intubation and mechanical ventilation were initiated to reduce the work of breathing rather than to treat hypoxemia alone. additional therapy included continuous positive airway pressure or positive end-expiratory pressur ...19846437212
respiratory syncytial virus. ii. isolation and morphology of the glycoproteins.treatment of respiratory syncytial (rs) virus with triton x-100 in solutions of low ionic strength solubilized not only glycoproteins but also some non-glycosylated proteins. rate zonal sedimentation of the solubilized materials resulted in separation of the glycoproteins from the other components, i.e. one fraction predominantly composed of two glycoproteins each with molecular weight (mol. wt.) of approximately 100,000 and 53,000 was obtained. electron microscopic observation of this fraction ...19806452027
use of the biotin-avidin system to study the specificity of antibodies against respiratory syncytial virus.to characterize the specificity of monoclonal antibodies against respiratory syncytial virus, we developed a technique which combined the biotin-avidin system, immunoprecipitation, and transblot electrophoresis. the viral proteins were first biotinylated and then immunoprecipitated with a monoclonal antibody or respiratory syncytial virus immune serum, separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and electrophoretically transferred to nitrocellulose paper. the protein ...19846470104
long-term prospective study in children after respiratory syncytial virus infection.we have prospectively evaluated for the past 8 years 29 children who were hospitalized during infancy with acute lower respiratory tract illness caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). no differences in the prevalence of a family history of atopy or breast-feeding in these infants compared with controls were noted. however, a history of parental smoking was significantly associated with hospital admission for rsv lower respiratory tract disease. evidence of atopy, as defined by serum ige le ...19846470859
broad-spectrum antiviral activity of adenosine analogues.in recent years certain aliphatic and carbocyclic adenosine analogues have been developed which are of potential clinical importance as antiviral agents. this includes (s)-9-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)adenine [(s)-dhpa] and carbocyclic 3-deazaadenosine (c-c3ado). (s)-dhpa and c-c3ado are remarkably similar in their antiviral spectrum in that they are particularly active against (-) rna viruses such as measles, para-influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, rabies virus, vesicular stomatitis virus and (+ ...19846476818
interaction of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and viruses in humans: adherence of polymorphonuclear leukocytes to respiratory syncytial virus-infected cells.the nature of neutrophil-respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) interaction was investigated by assessing factors that influence neutrophil adherence to rsv-infected tissue culture monolayers. the adherence of neutrophils to infected cells was directly proportional to the degree of rsv replication as evidenced by infectious virus production, cytopathological changes, or viral antigen appearance. sixty-one percent of the neutrophils adhered to the rsv-infected cells as compared with 52.7% on noninfect ...19846481852
transcriptional mapping of human respiratory syncytial virus.a transcriptional map for human respiratory syncytial virus was determined by measuring the kinetics of viral gene inactivation in response to uv irradiation. monolayer cell cultures of respiratory syncytial virus-infected hep-2 cells were exposed to uv light, and residual viral rna synthesis was monitored both by gel electrophoresis and by hybridization to dot blots of cloned cdnas of the 10 known viral genes. target sizes for the 10 individual viral genes were calculated relative to the uv sen ...19846492254
field trials of a bovine respiratory syncytial virus vaccine.a vaccine against bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv: norden), a cause of pulmonary edema-emphysema and pneumonia in calves, was evaluated in field trials on western nebraska beef calves at branding, preweaning, weaning and postweaning. of calves with undifferentiated respiratory infection at weaning, 20.9% of 2-dose vaccinates (169/810) and 27.5% of 1-dose vaccinates (230/837) required treatment, vs 48.2% of unvaccinated controls (397/823). at postweaning, 2.4% of 2-dose vaccinates (13/54 ...19846493205
immune adherence hemagglutination test for detection of antibody to respiratory syncytial virus. brief report.an immune adherence hemagglutination test was established for detection of antibodies to respiratory syncytial virus. the test was shown to be as specific as and much more sensitive than the neutralization and complement fixation tests.19846497660
a comparison of three vaccines against respiratory syncytial virus in calves.an inactivated vaccine against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was compared with two live vaccines. the inactivated (gc) vaccine consisted of glutaraldehyde-fixed bovine nasal mucosa cells persistently infected with rsv and emulsified with oil adjuvant. the live vaccines were a modified virus (mv) derived from a bovine strain of rsv and a temperature-sensitive mutant (ts-1) derived from a human strain. the gc vaccine was inoculated subcutaneously into 12 calves and the live vaccines intramuscu ...19846501875
cellular immune response to infection with respiratory syncytial virus and influence of breast-feeding on the response.virus-specific lymphocyte transformation (ltf) activity in vitro was examined in 78 infants with various forms of illness due to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. in 73 subjects with lower respiratory tract disease, significant ltf activity was often detected within one week after onset of initial symptoms, and responses characteristic for each clinical form were observed in the subsequent rise. thus, mean activity in subjects with tracheobronchitis increased gradually, with the maxim ...19846512509
prevalence of antibodies to respiratory syncytial virus in various populations in israel.a preliminary study on the prevalence of antibodies to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in individuals of various age-groups was carried out. in healthy infants aged 6 to 12 months, the prevalence was 27%. it increased to 37 and 54% in children aged 1 to 2 and 2 to 4 years, respectively. the prevalence reached 78% in healthy individuals who were more than 20 years old, including pregnant women. significant levels of specific antibodies were detected in 59% of children aged 6 to 12 months who we ...19846519945
outbreak of respiratory syncytial virus infection in a neonatal intensive care unit. 19846519955
[viral-microbial associations and the function of humoral factors of natural immunity in acute pneumonia patients].a total of 359 patients with acute pneumonia and 152 practically healthy subjects comprising the control group were examined. immunofluorescence was used to investigate nasopharyngeal washings for detecting antigens of influenza and parainfluenza viruses, respiratory-syncytial virus, adenoviruses, whereas serological studies according to the hemagglutination delay test with diagnostic agents for detecting influenza a1, a2, b, types 1, 2 and 3 parainfluenza, and the complement fixation test were ...19846523359
an outbreak of respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia in a nursing home for the elderly.an outbreak of pneumonia and febrile respiratory illness took place in a los angeles county nursing home for the elderly in february and march of 1979. forty of 101 (40%) residents were affected. twenty-two (55%) had pneumonia and eight (20%) died. the outbreak extended over a period of 6 weeks. serological evidence implicated respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) as the causative agent. three patients had fourfold or greater rises in the titre of antibody to rsv, one had high titres in paired sampl ...19846527041
the development of respiratory syncytial virus-specific immune complexes in nasopharyngeal secretions following natural infection.sequential samples of nasopharyngeal secretions (nps) from 61 infants and children with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection were examined for the presence of rsv-specific immune complexes in order to determine their possible role in recovery from or pathogenesis of rsv infection. immune complexes in nps were identified by the raji cell assay using indirect immunofluorescence and rsv antigen in these complexes was also detected by indirect immunofluorescence. rsv-specific immune complexes ...19846527374
a preliminary serological survey of viral antibodies in peruvian sheep.this study reports the sero-prevalence of viral infections in sheep in peru. serum samples were collected from 34 mature healthy rams located in 3 different geographic regions of the country (north, central and south). the sera were tested for antibodies to the following viruses: respiratory syncytial virus (rsv); parainfluenza 3 (pi-3) virus; bovine viral diarrhea/border disease (bvd/bd) virus; bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1); bluetongue (bt) virus; ovine progressive pneumoniae (opp) virus; bovine ...19846528458
[demonstration of respiratory syncytial virus infection in calves by the complement fixation reaction].studied was tentatively the occurrence of a respiratory syncytial virus infection on some farms with records of the disease. investigations were carried out on the base of the complement-fixation test (cft) specially worked out and on the specific complement-fixing antigen obtained from a bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv). tested were several methods for the production of a complement-fixing antigen. most appropriate proved the one obtained by the extraction of an infected cell monolayer ...19846528480
propagation of bovine respiratory syncytial virus in calf testicle microcarrier culture. 19846543300
identification of a tenth mrna of respiratory syncytial virus and assignment of polypeptides to the 10 viral genes.nine mrnas, their cdna clones, and a genome transcriptional map have been reported previously for respiratory syncytial virus (p. l. collins and g. w. wertz, proc. natl. acad. sci. u.s.a. 80:3208-3212, 1983). we report here the identification of a 10th viral mrna, designated mrna 2b (molecular weight [mw] ca. 0.39 x 10(6)), that was detected by rna (northern) blot hybridization with cdna clones. analysis of a polycistronic readthrough transcript was used to deduce the position in the viral trans ...19846546401
sequence analysis of the respiratory syncytial virus phosphoprotein gene.a recombinant cdna plasmid (prsa3) containing an almost full-length copy of the mrna encoding respiratory syncytial virus phosphoprotein was identified in a cdna library prepared with mrna from respiratory syncytial virus-infected cells. the cdna insert was sequenced, and a protein of 27,150 daltons was deduced from the dna sequence. the protein is relatively acidic, containing two clusters of acidic amino acids, one in the middle of the molecule and the other at the c-terminus. it is devoid of ...19846548527
construction and characterization of cdna clones for four respiratory syncytial viral genes.cytoplasmic poly(a)-containing rna from respiratory syncytial virus-infected cells was used as a template to synthesize oligo(dt)-primed cdnas. discrete size classes of single-stranded cdnas, resolved by alkali agarose gel electrophoresis, were used separately to construct double-stranded cdnas that were subsequently inserted into the plasmid vector pbr322 at the pst i site by means of oligo(dg)oligo(dc) tailing. after transfection of escherichia coli, recombinant plasmids were screened mostly b ...19836572388
characterization of the human peripheral blood effector cells mediating antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity against respiratory syncytial virus.peripheral blood lymphocytes were separated into several subpopulations and evaluated for their ability to mediate antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (adcc) against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-infected hela cells. using erythrocyte rosetting methods, nylon wool filtration, and cytolysis with okt-3 monoclonal antibody, two lymphocyte subpopulations were shown to mediate rsv-adcc; non-t, non-b, and igg-fc receptor-bearing lymphocytes and e-rosetting cells with iggfc receptors (t g ...19836603313
giant cell pneumonia due to respiratory syncytial virus. occurrence in severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome.a 6-month-old male infant with a severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome was hospitalized for progressive respiratory distress. examination during hospitalization disclosed widespread pulmonary infiltrates that did not respond to intensive therapy. the patient died eight days after admission. autopsy disclosed pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and widespread giant cell pneumonia. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was grown from a lung specimen obtained at autopsy. specific immunofluorescent stain ...19846611144
polymorphonuclear function and respiratory syncytial virus infections in children. 19836618679
cellular and humoral immunity in recurrent respiratory syncytial virus infections. 19836622111
viral infections in clinical pertussis.of 44 children with clinical pertussis 29 (66%) had serological evidence of concurrent infection with respiratory viruses or mycoplasma pneumoniae. the commonest superinfection was by mycoplasma (32%), followed by respiratory syncytial virus (27%) and adenoviruses (16%). the high prevalence of viral infections, many being multiple, supports the theory that pertussis predisposes to such infections or vice versa.19836623245
respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia in young calves: clinical and pathologic findings.nine young calves given respiratory syncytial virus by a combined intranasal and intratracheal route developed a severe respiratory tract disease in which coughing, tachypnea, and hyperpnea were prominent clinical features. calves were euthanatized on postinoculation (initial) days (pid) 1 to 13. at necropsy, large areas of consolidation were present in the cranial, middle, accessory, and cranial parts of the caudal lung lobes of calves killed between pid 4 and 13. histopathologic examination re ...19836625318
serology for diagnosis and epizootiological studies of bovine respiratory syncytial virus infections.the complement fixation test (cft) and the virus neutralisation test (vnt), performed as a plaque reduction test, were employed to measure antibodies to bovine respiratory syncytial virus. the cft with bovine sera was performed with supplementation of the complement factors in fresh guinea pig serum by an adequate amount of clq-factor of the bovine species. kinetics of maternally derived antibodies and the antibody response after spontaneous and experimental infections and after intramuscular va ...19836635341
indirect haemagglutination test for the detection and assay of antibody to bovine respiratory syncytial virus.an indirect haemagglutination (iha) test was used for the rapid assay of antibody to bovine respiratory syncytial virus. antigens for the sensitisation of formalised tanned erythrocytes were prepared by treatment of virus infected cells with non-ionic detergent. a close serological relationship was shown by the iha test between the strain of bovine respiratory syncytial virus used and the a2 strain of human respiratory syncytial virus. the iha test was sensitive and reproducible. a linear correl ...19836636489
respiratory syncytial virus glycoproteins.the proteins of respiratory syncytial (rs) virus were analyzed by sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. eight virion structural proteins with molecular weights of 180,000, 89,000, 48,000, 42,000, 34,000, 28,000, 25,000, and 21,000 were identified. these proteins were given tentative designations of l (180,000), g (89,000), f1 (48,000), np (42,000), p (34,000), m (28,000), vp25 (25,000), and f2 (21,000). the 89,000-, 48,000-, and 21,000-dalton polypeptides were glycosylated and could be purifie ...19836636537
total serum ige levels in venezuelan schoolchildren.seventy-eight disease-free children were evaluated by prist for total serum ige in order to establish the normal range for this immunoglobulin and assess its utility, in tropical climates, such as venezuela, as a diagnostic tool for clinical allergy. seventy-eight normals were selected from a group of 1053 children, aged 7-12 years from fourteen schools in caracas. exclusion from the normal pool was based on nationality, and on historical, clinical, and/or laboratory evidence of atopic and/or in ...19836640887
modified immunoprecipitation procedure for the identification of human respiratory syncytial virus polypeptides.when analysed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, human respiratory syncytial virus harvested after a one step growth cycle and purified through a continuous sucrose density gradient was shown to be composed of nine structural proteins of 90, 68, 49, 42, 34, 28, 25, 19 an 13 kd. the 90, 49 and 19 kd polypeptides were identified as glycopolypeptides by glucosamine incorporation. a modified immunoprecipitation procedure confirmed the viral specificity of the 49, 42, 28, 25 and 19 kd polypeptide ...19836643642
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for serum antibody to bovine respiratory syncytial virus: comparison with complement-fixation and neutralization tests.an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the detection of serum antibody to bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) was developed and compared with complement-fixation (cf) and viral neutralization (vn) tests. tissue culture-grown viral antigens were used in the tests. serum samples from various sources were compared, including serum samples from 10 calves which were infected experimentally with brsv by aerosol exposure. the elisa compared favorably with the vn test for detect ...19836660613
respiratory syncytial virus. 19836662671
a study of respiratory infections in the elderly to assess the role of respiratory syncytial virus.a prospective study was performed from 1 december 1981 to 31 may 1982 in two departments of geriatric medicine in edinburgh. this yielded 159 cases of acute respiratory tract infection (rti). twelve of these were undoubtedly associated with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), 14 with influenza a and 18 with influenza b (as established in each case by a fourfold or greater increase in antibody titre). eighty-five of the 159 patients with rti and rsv titres of 32 or greater. their significance is d ...19836663083
[investigation on the level of antibodies against respiratory syncytial virus in children in nanning city]. 19836675846
[hospital epidemic outbreak of respiratory syncytial virus]. 19836676858
respiratory syncytial virus mrna coding assignments.the polypeptide coding assignments for six of the respiratory syncytial virus-specific mrnas were determined by translation of the individual mrnas in vitro. the coding assignments of the rnas are as follows. rna band 1 is complex and can be separated into at least two components on the basis of electrophoretic mobility (molecular weights [mws] approximately equal to 0.21 x 10(6) and 0.31 x 10(6), respectively) that code for three polypeptides of 9.5, 11, and 14 kilodaltons (k). rna 2 (mw, 0.39 ...19836682456
respiratory syncytial virus infection in mice.the a2 strain of human respiratory syncytial virus replicated in the nose and lung of balb/c mice, with virus growing to higher titers in older animals than in younger animals. virus was recovered from the nose between days 2 and 7 with peak titers on days 3 and 4, and from the lungs between days 2 and 9, with peak titers on days 4 through 6. serum antibody developed 2 weeks after infection. viral antigen was demonstrated in the alveolar cells of the lung by immunofluorescence. histopathological ...19846693171
cell-mediated immunity in respiratory syncytial virus disease.systemic cell-mediated responses to respiratory syncytial (rs) virus were detected, using a whole blood transformation assay, in 10 of 28 infants and children with rs virus infections during the period 1-14 days postadmission. cell-mediated responses were unrelated to the age of the patient or the severity of illness. no correlation was found between cellular responses and fourfold or greater rises in antibody titre to rs virus, as determined by a membrane immunofluorescence technique. patients ...19846693860
ribavirin.despite the plethora of antibiotics available for the treatment of bacterial infections, very few agents have been developed to treat viral diseases. ribavirin (virazole) is a triazole nucleoside antiviral agent that produces selective antiviral effects against a broad spectrum of rna and dna viruses. the drug has been effective in the treatment of naturally occurring influenza a and b infections when administered by aerosol; oral administration has been ineffective. ribavirin aerosol therapy al ...19846697874
nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding respiratory syncytial virus matrix protein.the amino acid sequence of the matrix protein of the human respiratory syncytial virus (rs virus) was deduced from the sequence of a cdna insert in a recombinant plasmid harboring an almost full-length copy of this gene. it specifically hybridized to a single 1,050-base mrna from infected cells. the recombinant containing 944 base pairs of rs viral matrix protein gene sequence lacked five nucleotides corresponding to the 5' end of the mrna. the nucleotide sequence of the 5' end of the mrna was d ...19846699948
pathogens associated with acute lower respiratory tract infection in young children.to determine the agents associated with acute lower respiratory infection in young children, we studied 102 hospitalized children less than 5 years old using culture and serology for viruses and chlamydia trachomatis, fluorescent antibody testing for pertussis and respiratory syncytial virus, blood cultures and counterimmunoelectrophoresis of nasopharyngeal secretions and urine for pneumococcal and haemophilus influenzae type b antigens. at least one agent was detected in 87 children and multipl ...19846701101
bovine respiratory syncytial virus infections in young dairy cattle: clinical and haematological findings.clinical signs and haematological findings during the acute and convalescent phases of an infection with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) were studied under field conditions. the study was carried out in 139 cattle less than 16 months of age in 16 herds with serologically proven bovine rsv infections. blood was collected for serological and haematological examination. repeated clinical examinations were carried out until 35 days after appearance of disease. signs of general disease such ...19846702077
respiratory syncytial virus-related apnea in infants. demographics and outcome.medical records of 261 hospitalized patients less than 1 year old with documented respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection were reviewed to determine the incidence of rsv-associated apnea and the accompanying risk of subsequent apnea or death. apnea in association with rsv infection occurred in 18% of the infants. premature birth and a young postnatal age were risk factors for development of apnea with rsv disease. apnea of prematurity appeared to be a significant risk factor for rsv apnea de ...19846702769
[exanthematous viral diseases and measles: serology].a study of antibodies against measles virus and other viral agents is made to investigate possible existence of a false measles or "measles-like" in 48 children with this disease during an epidemic. hemagglutination-inhibiting technique was used to determine rubella antibodies, and complement fixation technique to measure those produced against other diseases studied. results were grouped according to the seroconversions found. the following serologic diagnoses were found: twenty eight cases of ...19846703539
purification and characterization of gp90, one of the envelope glycoproteins of respiratory syncytial virus.the large glycoprotein, gp90, of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was purified by affinity chromatography using a monoclonal antibody. hyperimmune rabbit antiserum directed specifically to the purified gp90 neutralized rsv to high titre but did not inhibit fusion of previously infected cells. 125i-labelled gp90 bound rapidly to hep-2 cells in an unsaturable manner; binding was inhibited by the hyperimmune rabbit antiserum.19846707612
[isolation of the respiratory syncytial virus from calves with respiratory diseases].described is a respiratory enzootic in calves aged 30 to 90 days. two cytopathic strains of the bovine respiratory syncytial virus were isolated from diseased calves in a cell culture of lamb thyroid. clinical observations and the results of virologic and serologic investigations have revealed that mixed infections of the respiratory syncytial virus and the mucosa disease virus take part in the etiology of the respiratory enzootic described.19846730327
an outbreak of respiratory syncytial virus infection in an old people's home.at least 20 of the 50 residents of an old people's home suffered from an acute respiratory infection and four of them died. respiratory syncytial virus was isolated from two of the patients. the importance of this virus in the elderly is probably underestimated.19846736667
some respiratory and enteric diseases of cattle: an update.fibrinous pneumonia caused 40-45% of death losses in cattle shipped into bruce county, ontario. feeding corn silage within the first 2 weeks of arrival increased mortality. commingling cattle from different sources and keeping more than 110 cattle in a pen were detrimental. while use of antimicrobials in the starter ration was beneficial, prophylactic use of antimicrobials in the water was not. mortality was directly proportional to morbidity and treatment costs. vaccinating against any respirat ...19846738491
infection rates of respiratory syncytial virus in pediatric patients attending phra mongkutklao hospital, bangkok.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and other pathogens were isolated from nasopharyngeal secretions from 200 pediatric patients attending the out patient department of phra mongkutklao hospital with symptoms of upper respiratory tract infections. their sera were also taken for determination of class specific immunoglobulin antibody titers. the positive isolation rates were 36% for rsv, 5.5% for adenovirus 1.5% for herpes simplex virus (hsv), and 4% for staphylococcus aureus. one to 5.5% of these ...19846740381
virus-induced complement activation and neutrophil-mediated cytotoxicity against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv).complement-dependent neutrophil-mediated cytotoxicity (cdnc) was determined by specific release of 51-chromium (51cr) from respiratory syncytial virus infected hep2 cells in a microcytotoxicity assay. there was significant release of 51cr from rsv infected cells as compared to uninfected cells in the presence of complement (c) and neutrophils (pmn). the degree of cytotoxicity was dependent upon the concentration of c used in the assay. such cytotoxicity was effectively abolished after heat-inact ...19846744659
comparison of immediate and delayed inoculation of hep-2 cells for isolation of respiratory syncytial virus.immediate inoculation of hep-2 cells is generally advocated for the isolation of respiratory syncytial virus. however, delayed laboratory inoculation of properly transported specimens obtained by aspiration of nasopharyngeal mucus provided an isolation rate similar to that obtained with immediate inoculation.19846746883
diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus infection in children: comparison of viral antigen detection and serology.direct detection of viral antigen in nasopharyngeal secretion by radioimmunoassay was compared with serology by igg antibody enzyme immunoassay for diagnostic efficacy in 77 children with clinically suspected respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections. antigen detection gave a positive diagnosis in 26 of 33 (79%) children in whom rsv infection was diagnosed by any of the two methods. the diagnostic efficacy of antigen detection was dependent upon the interval after onset at which specimens wer ...19846747612
immunoglobulin class-specific antibody response in respiratory syncytial virus infection measured by enzyme immunoassay.immunoglobulin class-specific enzyme immunoassay (eia) was used for determination of antibody responses in sera collected from 26 children with acute primary respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections. all 26 patients had igg antibody responses with a significant titer increase in 24 (92%); an igm antibody response was detected in 19 of the 26 (73%). from patients aged 6 months or less only 5 of 8 produced detectable igm antibodies, whereas all patients aged 1-2 years did so. igm antibodies ap ...19846747613
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of respiratory syncytial virus infection: development and description.an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) antigens was developed, using commercially available antisera. horse anti-rsv and calf antiserum to bovine rsv were used as capture and detector antibodies, respectively. the assay could detect as few as 50 pfu of unpurified rsv per ml in infected cell culture supernatant fluids and as little as 10 ng of affinity-purified rsv antigen per ml. no cross-reactions were observed with heterologous virus ty ...19826749894
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of respiratory syncytial virus infection: application to clinical samples.an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for respiratory syncytial virus antigens was applied to the rapid diagnosis of acute infections in children and was compared with viral culture and immunofluorescence tests. the elisa test employed commercially available reagents and was run on a day-to-day basis as specimens were received in the laboratory. sensitivity and specificity by elisa were 82 and 95%, respectively, compared with culture. in the same specimens, the sensitivity and specificity ...19826749895
comparison of virus culturing and immunofluorescence for rapid detection of respiratory syncytial virus in nasopharyngeal secretions: sensitivity and specificity.i compared the fluorescent antibody test for respiratory syncytial virus in nasal secretions to virus cultures (n = 310). the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value (+) were 95.1%, 86.5%, and 88.5%, respectively.19826749901
parenteral immunization with live respiratory syncytial virus is blocked in seropositive cotton rats.seropositive cotton rats cannot be immunized by intramuscular inoculation of live respiratory syncytial virus. passively administered antiserum was shown to effect the immunosuppression. by contrast, the presence of serum antibody did not block immunization by the intranasal route.19826752019
clinical and pathological observations on spontaneous bovine respiratory syncytial virus infections in calves.a clinical, pathological and microbiological study was made of acute spontaneous bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection in calves. characteristic features were atelectatic areas, which had an exudative and, or, necrotising bronchiolitis with syncytial giant cells in the epithelial lining and in the lumina of these bronchioles. restricted to these areas both bronchiolar and alveolar immunofluorescence for bovine respiratory syncytial virus were seen. complications were severe interstitial o ...19826755591
classification of hybridomas to respiratory syncytial virus glycoproteins. 19826757932
respiratory syncytial virus: its transmission in the hospital environment.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) over the past two decades has been recognized as the most important cause of lower respiratory tract disease in infants and young children. recently, it has also been identified as a major nosocomial hazard on pediatric wards. the potential for rsv to spread on such wards is underlined by several singular characteristics of rsv. it arrives in yearly epidemics and is highly contagious in all age groups. immunity is of short duration, allowing repeated infections ...19826758370
an indirect haemadsorption procedure (mrspah) for detecting antibodies to respiratory syncytial virus.a simple haemadsorption procedure for the detection of isotype specific antibodies to r.s. virus has been developed. correlation between detection of r.s. virus igg antibodies by mixed reverse (solid phase) passive antiglobulin haemadsorption (mrspah) and other serological procedures has been obtained. iga antibody was detected in 62% of milk samples studied. the method is rapid, simple and uses commonly available serological reagents.19826759520
respiratory syncytial virus infection following renal transplantation. 19816764495
effect of viral infections on pulmonary function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases.the effect of 100 separate viral infections of the respiratory tract on pulmonary function was evaluated prospectively over an eight-year period in 84 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and in eight normal subjects. some viral infections were associated with small acute declines in forced vital capacity and/or 1-sec forced expiratory volume of 25-300 ml. these declines were detectable only during the 90-day period after infection. the greatest abnormalities of pulmonary functio ...19806767794
breast-feeding and respiratory syncytial virus infection.the pattern of breast-feeding in 127 infants admitted to hospital with respiratory syncytial virus infection was compared with that in 503 age-matched controls. thirty per cent of children with infection had been breast-fed compared with 49% of controls. the approximate relative risk of being admitted to hospital with respiratory syncytial virus infection if not breast-fed was 2.2. several other factors were also considered, including an assessment of maternal care and home environment; the moth ...19806775754
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