Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| pathways of degradation of brome mosaic virus particles as influenced by their rna content. | 1976 | 3877 | |
| the structure of a spherical plant virus (bromegrass mosaic virus) established by neutron diffraction. | the localization of the rna in a spherical plant virus is established by neutron diffraction. for bmv, this localization is different at low ph than it is at high ph (swollen virus). | 1976 | 13421 |
| rna viruses: stabilization of brome mosaic virus. | the relative importances of protein-protein and rna-protein interactions in stabilizing the architecture of brome mosaic virus particles are discussed in the light of the following experimental evidence: (a) disassembly pathways of the virus particles, (b) reassembly of the virus and self-association capacity of the protein moiety, and (c) the role of divalent cations in virus stabilization, and their relevance to localization of the rna in the virus particles. evidence is given that the capsid ... | 1976 | 13438 |
| swelling of brome mosaic virus as studied by intensity fluctuation spectroscopy. | 1977 | 20511 | |
| [solubilization of a viro-specific rna polymerase activity by treatment with detergents from extracts of barley leaves infected by brome mosaic virus]. | 1975 | 58633 | |
| detection and sequential appearance of typically viral rna species after brome mosaic virus infection in vivo. | 1976 | 64163 | |
| inhibition of rous sarcoma viral rna translation by a specific oligodeoxyribonucleotide. | a tridecamer oligodeoxynucleotide, d(a-a-t-g-g-t-a-a-a-a-t-g-g), which is complementary to reiterated 3'- and 5'-terminal nucleotides of rous sarcoma virus 35s rna, is an efficient inhibitor of the translation of proteins specified by the viral rna in the wheat embryo cell-free system. the inhibition specificity for oncornavirus rna is greater than for rabbit reticulocyte mrna or brome mosaic virus rna. other oligodeoxynucleotides of similar size have little or no specific effect on the rna-dire ... | 1978 | 75546 |
| observations of antigenic relatedness between viruses of the herpes simplex "neutroseron". | the antigenic relatedness of three viruses of the herpes simplex type 1 neutroseron - herpes simplex virus types 1 (hsv-1) and 2 (hsv-2) and bovine mammillitis virus (bmv) - has been examined by immune precipitation and virus neutralization tests. many virus-specific infected-cell polypeptides were shown to possess antigenic sites shared by both hsv-1 and hsv-2. cross-neutralization between the viruses is mediated through antibodies to at least two antigenic sites, one shared by hsv-1, hsv-2 and ... | 1978 | 87364 |
| blocked 5' termini in brome mosaic virus rna. | all four components of brome mosaic virus rna have m(7)g(5') ppp (5')gp as their 5' terminus. the m(7)g can be removed by beta-elimination, resulting in the conversion to pppgp. | 1976 | 176464 |
| location of the sequences coding for capsid proteins vp1 and vp2 on polyoma virus dna. | the 19s and 16s polyoma virus late mrnas have been separated on sucrose-formamide density gradients and translated in vitro. the 16s rna codes only for polyoma capsid protein vp1, while the 19s rna codes in addition for capsid protein vp2. since the 19s and 16s species have been previously mapped on the viral genome, these results allow us to deduce the location of the sequences coding for vp1 and vp2. comparison of the chain lengths of the capsid proteins with the size of the viral mrnas coding ... | 1976 | 186193 |
| anatomy of bovine mammillitis dna. i restriction endonuclease maps of four populations of molecules that differ in the relative orientation of their long and short components. | in this paper, we report that the dna of bovine mammillitis virus (bmv) consists of two covalently linked components that are 71.5 x 10(6) and 15.7 x 10(6) in molecular weight and designated l and s, respectively. we further report that the bmv dna consists of four equimolar populations differing only in the orientation of the l and s components relative to each other. this conclusion is based on the following: (i) the sum molecular weight of fragments generated by digestion of bmv dna with hsu ... | 1978 | 202750 |
| anatomy of bovine mammillitis dna ii. size and arrangements of the deoxynucleotide sequences. | we previously reported that bovine mammillitis virus (bmv) dna consists of two covalently linked components designated l and s and estimated to be 71.5 x 10(6) and 15.7 x 10(6) in molecular weight, respectively; the components invert relative to each other, giving rise to four equimolar populations differing soley in the relative orientation of the two components. we now report that (i) bmv dna has a contour length corresponding to a molecular weight of 89 x 10(6). (ii) component l consists of a ... | 1978 | 211253 |
| the effect of conformational changes in brome mosaic virus upon its sensitivity to trypsin, chymotrypsin and ribonuclease. | 1975 | 239862 | |
| loss of infectivity of brome mosaic virus rna after chemical modification of the 3' or 5' terminus. | brome mosaic virus (bmv) rna that had both termini chemically modified by periodate oxidation and aniline-catalyzed cleavage of the terminal nucleotide had drastically reduced infectivity. bmv rna that was first enzymatically tyrosylated to protect the 3' terminus from modification, and then modified at the 5' terminus by periodate oxidation and aniline cleavage, had a similar reduction in infectivity. tyrosylation followed by acetylation modifies only the 3' terminus. nevertheless, acetylated t ... | 1977 | 268617 |
| sequence of an oligonucleotide derived from the 3' end of each of the four brome mosaic viral rnas. | a 3'-terminal oligonucleotide fragment, 161 bases long, can be obtained from each of the four brome mosaic virus rnas by means of nuclease digestion. like the four intact brome mosaic virus rnas, each fragment accepts tyrosine in a reaction catalyzed by wheat germ aminoacyl-trna synthetase. the complete nucleotide sequence of the rna 4 fragment has been determined by use of standard radiochemical methods. comparative data for the fragments from rnas 1, 2, and 3 show that they have nearly the sam ... | 1977 | 270723 |
| ultrasonic absorption evidence of structural fluctuations in viral capsids. | when the coat protein of the small icosahedral virus, brome mosaic virus, reassembles into capsids, the ultrasonic absorption of the solution greatly increases. submitting the solution to an ultrasonic field thus appears to reveal spontaneous molecular motions within a protein assembly. confirmatory evidence of a dynamics of a protein shell comes from measurements on brome mosaic virus at various degrees of swelling and on tomato bushy stunt virus treated with the crosslinking agent glutaraldehy ... | 1979 | 287017 |
| highly active template-specific rna-dependent rna polymerase from barley leaves infected with brome mosaic virus. | the extraction of a template-dependent and template-specific rna-dependent rna polymerase (nucleosidetriphosphate:rna nucleotidyltransferase, ec 2.7.7.6) from a eukaryotic source is described. the enzyme, extracted from barley leaves infected with brome mosaic virus (bmv), is capable of incorporating high levels of radioactivity into trichloroacetic acid-insoluble products. the purification procedure included solubilization with nonionic detergent and precipitation with polyethylene glycol. the ... | 1979 | 291912 |
| homologous nucleotide sequences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic mrnas: the 5'-end sequence of the mrna of the lipoprotein of the escherichia coli outer membrane. | the sequence of the first 89 nucleotides at the 5' end of the mrna for the lipoprotein of the escherichia coli outer membrane is: gcuacauggagauuaacucaaucu-agaggguauuaauaaugaaagcuacuaaacugguacu-gggcgcgguaauccuggguucuacucug. the sequence of the first 72 nucleotides was established by direct sequencing methods and was extended to 89 residues on the basis of the known sequences of oligonucleotides obtained from complete digestion of the mrna by ribonuclease t1 or a and the known amino acid sequence ... | 1978 | 353808 |
| the preparation and characterization of a cell-free system from saccharomyces cerevisiae that translates natural messenger ribonucleic acid. | a cell-free protein-synthesizing system has been prepared from saccharomyces cerevisiae by differential centrifugation of lysed spheroplasts. the preparation, a modified 100,000 x g supernatant fraction, contains ribosomes and monosomes, ribosomal subunits, translation factors, and aminoacyl-trna synthetases, but no polysomes. after removal of small amounts of remaining mrna with micrococcal nuclease, protein synthesis is stringently dependent on the addition of mrna, as well as amino acids and ... | 1979 | 374404 |
| efficient ribosome binding of brome mosaic virus (bmv) rna4 contributes to its ability to outcompete the other bmv rnas for translation. | analysis of translation products synthesized in vitro in the presence of a mixture of brome mosaic virus (bmv) rnas 1, 2, 3, and 4 usually shows a predominance of coat protein, coded by rna4. the proportion of products directed by rnas 1 and 2 decreased at saturating concentrations of bmv rna and in the presence of 7-methylguanosine 5'-phosphate (m7g5'p) at nonsaturating concentrations of rna. no differences in the relative proportions of the various proteins produced were detected in the presen ... | 1979 | 429140 |
| specific inhibition of capped mrna translation in vitro by m7g5'pppp5'g and m7g5'pppp5'm7g. | a unique set of diguanosine cap analogues containing a 5'-5' tetraphosphate linkage instead of the normal triphosphate was synthesized by chemical methylation of g5'pppp5'g. both 7-methylguanosine products, m7g5'pppp5'g and m7g5'pppp5'm7g, acted as potent inhibitors of capped brome mosaic virus (bmv) rna translation in the homologous wheat germ protein synthesis system. inhibition of in vitro protein synthesis required the presence of the 7-methyl group on guanosine and was specific for capped m ... | 1979 | 493116 |
| two-step binding of eukaryotic ribosomes to brome mosaic virus rna3. | although brome mosaic virus rna3 has only one translatable cistron, it can bind two 80s ribosomes at initiation. one ribosome binds at the first aug codon (base 92-94). the other binds nearer the 5' end at an entry or holding site. disome formation is thus unrelated to a silent cistron approximately 1,000 bases downstream. | 1979 | 551276 |
| conformational states of cowpea chlorotic mottle virus ribonucleic acid components. | the conditions determining conformational changes in the four ribonucleic acid components of cowpea chlorotic mottle virus have been studied. all four components have at least two electrophoretically separable conformers, the occurrence of which can be regulated by both monovalent and polyvalent cations. this phenomenon also occurs, in a much less striking way, in the ribonucleic acids of the two other members of the bromovirus group, brome mosaic virus and broad bean mottle virus. although spec ... | 1978 | 643624 |
| translational regulation of expression of the brome-mosaic-virus rna genome in vitro. | total brome mosaic virus (bmv) rna, comprising four mrna molecules, was translated in the wheat germ system. it was shown that at a low ratio of total bmv rna to cell-free extract all four bmv genes were expressed. at a high excess of total bmv rna over the cell-free extract, the only bmv gene translated was the coat protein cistron (rna 4). the effect was due to diminished initiation of synthesis of non-coat proteins in the presence of a high excess of template over 23 000 x g extract. this lea ... | 1978 | 658054 |
| in vitro encapsidation of the four rna species of brome mosaic virus. | 1978 | 664230 | |
| mrna(nucleoside-2'-)-methyltransferase from vaccinia virus. purification and physical properties. | an s-adenosyl-l-methionine:mrna(nucleoside-2'-)-methyltransferase, one of at least three activities required for the 5'-terminal modification of mrna, has been purified from vaccinia virus particles. employing brome mosaic virus rna ending in m7g(5')pppg- as substrate, a simple deae-cellulose filter assay measuring the incorporation of methyl groups from s-adenosyl[methyl-3h]methionine to position 2' of the penultimate nucleoside was devised. starting from disrupted vaccinia virus cores, a 350-f ... | 1978 | 701281 |
| mrna(nucleoside-2'-)-methyltransferase from vaccinia virus. characteristics and substrate specificity. | an mrna(nucleoside-2'-)-methyltransferase purified from vaccinia virus was shown to methylate the penultimate nucleoside of rna ending in m7g(5')pppn-. by contrast, rnas ending in pn-, ppn-, or even g(5')pppn- are not methyl acceptors. this specificity indicates that 2'-o-methylation is the final step in the formation of the m7g(5')pppnm- cap structure. both adenosine and guanosine are methylated, in accordance with the presence of these nucleosides in the penultimate position of vaccinia virus ... | 1978 | 701282 |
| the multipartite genome of brome mosaic virus: aspects of in vitro translation and rna structure. | the multipartite nature of the brome mosaic virus genome is described. particular attention is given to the translation of the rnas in cell-free extracts, from dry wheat seed embryos and commercial wheat germ. such studies have demonstrated that the smallest rna is a monocistronic message for coat protein. this cistron is also carried on the intermediate sized rna, which also codes for a larger protein, of unknown function. translation of the larger rnas 1 and 2 is compared, incell-free extracts ... | 1976 | 776056 |
| nucleotide sequence of a viral rna fragment that binds to eukaryotic ribosomes. | the nucleotide sequence has been determined for the first 53 bases of brome mosaic virus rna4, the monocistronic messenger for brome mosaic virus coat protein. the sequence includes the binding site for wheat embryo ribosomes. the 5'-terminal base is a modified guanosine attached to the penultimate base through a 5' p-p-p 5' link. the initiating aug codon is only 10 nucleotides from the 5'-terminus. the triplets following the aug codon correspond to the known sequence of brome mosaic virus coat ... | 1975 | 807854 |
| natural fluorescence properties of brome mosaic virus protein. | some of the fluorescence properties of brome mosaic virus protein in different states of aggregation (dimer, capsid) have been studied, in particular the emission spectra, fluorescence quantum yields and lifetimes, as well as the effect of external quenchers and of temperature on the fluorescence. brome mosaic virus protein, which contains two tryptophan and five tyrosine residues per monomer, displayed an unusual fluorescence spectrum maximum of 308 nm at ph 7.4 when excited at 280 nm. the emis ... | 1977 | 880311 |
| a possible replicative form of brome mosaic virus rna 4. | 1976 | 948871 | |
| translation of the rnas of brome mosaic virus: the monocistronic nature of rna1 and rna2. | 1976 | 957426 | |
| 7-methyl-guanosine and efficiency of rna translation. | brome mosaic virus rnas 3 and 4 were chemically modified to remove the terminal 7-methyl-guanosine (m7g) structure, and the modified rnas were tested for their messenger activity in a cell-free system derived from wheat embryo. amino acid incorporation and ribosome-binding data show that removal of m7g results in reduction, but not complete abolition, of the messenger activity of the rna. this suggests that the function of m7g may be related to efficient translation of messenger rna. possible in ... | 1976 | 957483 |
| interaction of elongation factor 1 with aminoacylated brome mosaic virus and trna's. | tyrosylated brome mosaic virus rna was found to interact with a binary complex of wheat germ, elongation factor 1 and [3h]gtp. increasing amounts of the aminoacylated viral rna proportionately reduced radioactivity bound to a nitrocellulose filter, as has previously been noted by others for the charged forms of tobacco mosaic virus, turnip yellow mosaic virus, and trna's. however, sephadex chromatography of the products showed that instead of forming the ternary complex elongation factor-gtp-ami ... | 1976 | 978788 |
| structure and function of the rnas of brome mosaic virus. | 1976 | 1019357 | |
| initiation of translation directed by 42s and 26s rnas from semliki forest virus in vitro. | the proteins synthesized in vitro in response to 42s and 26s rnas from semliki forest virus were labeled with formyl-[35s]methionine from initiator trna. one protein which comigrated with viral capsid protein was labeled under the direction of 26s rna, and only one labeled peptide was detected after digestion with trypsin. further digestion with pronase gave rise to the dipeptide fmet-asn. several labeled polypeptides were found in the 42s rna directed product and these had molecular weights of ... | 1976 | 1067601 |
| radioactive labelling of borme mosaic virus. | brome mosaic virus (bmv) can be radioactively labelled by allowing virus synthesis to take place in barley leaves whose cut ends are placed in solutions of radio active precursors of bmv. when barley plants are infected by inoculation of the first emerging leaf, the rate of incorporation of both [14c]-leucine and [32p]-ortho-phosphate into virus particles was found to be maximal in the second leaf, cut and labelled 4 to 5 days after inoculation. the rate of incorporation declined when the labell ... | 1975 | 1120938 |
| translation of virus mrna: comparison of reovirus and brome mosaic virus single-stranded rnas in a wheat germ cell-free system. | 1975 | 1148014 | |
| effect of plumbous ion on messenger rna. | the effects of pb2+, a potent catalyst for the depolymerization of rna have been studied on brome mosaic virus (bmv) rna, rabbit globin m-rna and polyuridylic acid. after exposure of these natural and synthetic messengers to a sufficiently high concentration of pb2+, they all lost their ability to stimulate amino acid incorporation in cell-free protein-synthesizing systems. there were differences in the susceptibilities of the messengers; gloing the m-rna for 40 min revealed that there was a thr ... | 1975 | 1175247 |
| evaluation of the techniques used for investigating the in vitro synthesis of bromegrass mosaic virus rna. | the paper is dealing with the study of rna polymerase activity using endogenous rna templates in extracts of leaves infected with bromegrass mosaic virus (bmv). the in vitro labeling of bmv-rna in such extracts is associated with a particulate replication complex which is able to synthesize totally or partially single-stranded bmv-rna under conditions where exogenous bmv-rna (purified from the virus) is rapidly degraded. this suggests that rapidly-labeled bmv-rna is protected from endogenous nuc ... | 1976 | 1275388 |
| molecular design of a eukaryotic messenger rna and its chemical synthesis. | a designed mrna consisting of 42 ribonucleotides having the cap structure was synthesized. the capped leader sequence of the brome mosaic virus (bmv) mrna 4, m7g5'pppguauuaaua (f-1), was synthesized by the phosphotriester method and followed by the capping reaction. a 32-mer consisting of an initiation codon (aug), the coding region corresponding to a bacterial pheromone cad1 and two stop codons, was constructed by the 18-mer (f-2) and 14-mer (f-3), which were synthesized by the phosphoramidite ... | 1992 | 1374557 |
| exogenous primer-independent cdna synthesis with commercial reverse transcriptase preparations on plant virus rna templates. | upon reverse transcription and cloning manipulations with virion rnas of several plant viruses, namely beet yellows virus, brome mosaic virus, and potato virus x, we came across a significant background synthesis of cdna on the virion rna template in vitro independent of exogenous primers added. when tested with beet yellow virus rna template, several commercial preparations of avian myeloblastosis virus (amv) reverse transcriptase showed the background activity monitored by the [alpha-32p]dntp ... | 1992 | 1381874 |
| nucleotide sequence responsible for the synthesis of a truncated coat protein of brome mosaic virus strain atcc66. | the atcc66 strain of brome mosaic virus (bmv) (propagated at kyoto university) contained two types of coat protein in its virion whereas the russian strain of bmv has been known to contain a single coat protein; both strains have two initiation codons for coat protein in the same reading frame at the 5'-proximal end of the gene in rna 4. comparative studies on the nucleotide sequences of the atcc66 and russian strains of bmv demonstrated that in the atcc66 strain, two adjacent adenine residues w ... | 1992 | 1402800 |
| brome mosaic virus rna replication proteins 1a and 2a from a complex in vitro. | brome mosaic virus (bmv) is a positive-strand rna virus that encodes two rna replication proteins, the helicaselike 1a and the polymeraselike 2a. 1a and 2a share extensive sequence similarities with proteins encoded by many other members of the alphaviruslike superfamily. while further purifying enzymatically active rna-dependent rna polymerase from plants infected by bmv, we observed that 1a, 2a, and the polymerase activity all cofractionated through multiple independent purification steps. mor ... | 1992 | 1404594 |
| genetic recombination in brome mosaic virus: effect of sequence and replication of rna on accumulation of recombinants. | in order to facilitate the isolation of recombinants in brome mosaic virus, a series of duplication mutants with alterations in the rna3 3' noncoding region has been engineered. the distribution of crossovers, which was observed to be dependent on the parental rna3 sequence, supported the role of rna structure in recombination. however, a negative correlation between replication of the parental rna3 constructs and the accumulation of recombinant progeny confirmed the role of selection. | 1992 | 1404621 |
| identification of the domains required for direct interaction of the helicase-like and polymerase-like rna replication proteins of brome mosaic virus. | brome mosaic virus is a positive-strand rna virus whose rna replication requires viral protein 1a, which has putative helicase and capping functions, and 2a, which has putative polymerase function. since domains of related sequence are conserved in a wide range of plus-strand rna viruses, analysis of 1a and 2a function should have applicability to many other viruses. we have recently demonstrated that 1a and 2a form a complex in vivo and in vitro. using immune coprecipitation and mutant polypept ... | 1992 | 1433519 |
| the nucleotide sequence of rna-1 of raspberry bushy dwarf virus. | raspberry bushy dwarf virus (rbdv) has isometric, 33 nm diameter particles and a bipartite rna genome. sequencing of the larger component (rna-1) showed that it consists of 5449 nucleotides and contains one large open reading frame encoding a putative translation product with a calculated m(r) of 190,000. comparisons of this polypeptide with non-structural proteins of other plant viruses revealed significant homologies with those of alfalfa mosaic virus (almv), brome mosaic virus (bmv), cucumber ... | 1992 | 1469359 |
| the nucleotide sequence and genome organization of the rna2 and rna3 segments in broad bean mottle virus. | complete nucleotide sequences of broad bean mottle virus (bbmv) genomic rnas 2 and 3 were determined. they consist of 2811 and 2293 nucleotides, respectively. both rnas are caped and, unlike in other tricornaviruses, both initiate with an a residue. bbmv rna2 is monocistronic and encodes an 815 amino acid 2a protein, whereas rna3 is dicistronic, encoding for a 295 amino acid 3a protein and for the 190 amino acid coat protein. a central, 423 amino acid 2a protein core region is highly homologous ... | 1992 | 1546462 |
| requirement for icr-like sequences in the replication of brome mosaic virus genomic rna. | previous studies using a brome mosaic virus (bmv) rna-2 deletion mutant (prna-2 m/s) and additional derivatives as reporters established that viral sequences resembling internal control regions (icrs) 1 and 2 of trna gene promoters are vital to (+)-strand replication in protoplasts. transfer of these mutations to genomic rna-2 and functional analysis in protoplast, local lesion, and systemic infections revealed a sequence-specific requirement for bases within the icr2-like motif. despite the low ... | 1992 | 1585645 |
| a virus-particle vaccine prepared from bovine mammillitis virus against herpes genitalis. | a vaccine against herpes genitalis was prepared from the extracellular virus particles from baby hamster kidney cells infected with bovine mammillitis virus (bmv) strain "allerton". the virus was inactivated by formaldehyde followed by ultracentrifugation to concentrate the virus particles and eliminate formaldehyde to an acceptable concentration for immunisation of human subjects. the vaccine was cross antigenic and cross immunogenic with herpes simplex virus type 1. thirty-four consorts at hig ... | 1991 | 1657508 |
| analysis of rna stability and (-) strand content in viral infections using biotinylated rna probes. | non-radioactive biotinylated rna probes specific for plus (+) and minus (-) sense rnas of brome mosaic virus (bmv) were synthesized in vitro from a plasmid bearing a 200 base pair fragment complementary to the 3' terminus of each of the three genomic rnas of the virus. using virion rnas isolated from bmv infected barley plants, the sensitivity of biotinylated rnas as hybridization probes was compared with that of 32p-labeled probes in northern hybridization assays. although the sensitivity of bi ... | 1990 | 1707891 |
| expression of brome mosaic virus-encoded replicase genes in transgenic tobacco plants. | we introduced replicase genes of brome mosaic virus (bmv) to nicotiana tabacum cv. petit habana (sr1) using two different types of transformation vectors containing cdnas of bmv rna 1 and rna 2. one type (v type) contains cdna from which complete viral rnas are transcribed. these rnas can function as templates for viral replicase. the other type (m type) contains cdna from which viral rnas without their 3' non-coding regions are transcribed; these rnas can only function as mrna. viral replicase ... | 1992 | 1730938 |
| the requirement for a 5' stem-loop structure in brome mosaic virus replication supports a new model for viral positive-strand rna initiation. | sequences with strong similarity to internal control regions 1 and 2 (icr1 and -2; a and b boxes) of trna genes are found at the 5' termini of the genomic rnas of brome mosaic virus (bmv) and other plant viruses. the functionality of these motifs was studied by introducing point mutations into the icr2-like sequence of prna-2 m/s, a bmv rna-2 deletion mutant that replicates in the presence of rnas-1 and -2 but does not encode a functional viral protein. the accumulation of positive-strand progen ... | 1992 | 1731107 |
| unique nucleotide differences in the conserved 3' termini of brome mosaic virus rnas are maintained through their optimization of genome replication. | to explore the functionality and conservation of specific base differences in the 3' 200 nucleotides of brome mosaic virus (bmv) rna-1 (1t) and rna-2 (2t) with respect to the 3' end of rna-3 (3t), all possible permutations were used to exchange these regions among the genomic rnas. when all rnas bore the 1t promoter, total rna accumulation was only 15% of wild type; when the 2t or 3t promoter was present on all three rnas total rna accumulation was reduced to 30 or 35% of wild type. two major pr ... | 1992 | 1736528 |
| the interaction of wheat germ tyrosyl-trna synthetase and the trna-like end of brome mosaic virus rna has no effect on in vitro viral protein synthesis and on in vitro encapsidation. | the effect of aminoacylation of the trna-like end of brome mosaic virus rna during in vitro protein synthesis and in vitro viral encapsidation was investigated. the components of the homologous system were: bmv rna, wheat germ cell-free protein synthesizing system and pure tyrosyl-trna synthetase from wheat germ. during in vitro protein synthesis directed with tyrosylated as well as non-tyrosylated bmv rna, no differences were observed in the amount and in the class of polypeptides formed neithe ... | 1991 | 1782218 |
| artificial defective interfering rnas derived from brome mosaic virus. | naturally occurring defective interfering rnas (di-rnas) greatly reduce the accumulation of their helper virus in vivo, but are rarely associated with plant positive-strand rna viruses. deletion mutants prna-2 m/s and prna-2 e/s, derived from brome mosaic virus (bmv) genomic rna-2, replicated in a manner dependent on bmv rna-1 and -2, and effectively interfered with their accumulation in barley protoplasts. based on their mode of replication, these mutant rnas have been termed parasitic rnas (pr ... | 1991 | 1875191 |
| evolutionary relationships in the cucumoviruses: nucleotide sequence of tomato aspermy virus rna 1. | rna 1 of the v strain of tomato aspermy virus (tav) consists of 3410 nucleotides and contains one open reading frame (orf) of 2982 nucleotides, resembling rna 1 of cucumber mosaic virus (cmv) strains q and fny (68% and 66% identical, respectively) and of brome mosaic virus (bmv) (41% identical). in comparisons between amino acid sequences, three conserved regions (n-terminal, c-terminal and central) between tav and each cmv were found. the n- and c-terminal regions were also conserved with bmv, ... | 1991 | 1895056 |
| non-replicating deletion mutants of brome mosaic virus rna-2 interfere with viral replication. | naturally occurring defective interfering rnas (di-rnas) and satellite rnas greatly reduce the accumulation of their helper virus in vivo, but often modulate symptom expression in an unpredictable manner. deletion mutants nc/s, na/m and sa/nc + m/s, derived from brome mosaic virus (bmv) rna-2, failed to replicate when co-inoculated with bmv rnas-1 and -2 to barley protoplasts. however, the inoculum rna corresponding to these deletion mutants was extremely stable and could have been mistaken for ... | 1991 | 1919522 |
| interference in trans with brome mosaic virus replication by rna-2 bearing aminoacylation-deficient mutants. | the trna-like domain present at the 3' end of each of the three genomic rnas of brome mosaic virus (bmv) encompasses the (-)-strand promoter essential for replication. the replicative competence of two bmv rna-2 transcripts bearing mutations delta 5' and 5'aga in the trna-like domain (previously shown by in vitro assays to be deficient in tyrosylation) was evaluated in barley protoplasts. transfection of protoplasts with low (2 micrograms) amounts of delta 5'rna-2, together with transcripts of w ... | 1991 | 1984646 |
| tomato aspermy virus has an evolutionary relationship with other tripartite rna plant viruses. | the entire rna 3 (2214 nucleotides) of a chrysanthemum isolate of tomato aspermy virus (c-tav) has been cloned and its sequence determined. c-tav possesses two open reading frames which encode a 3a protein (277 amino acids) and a coat protein (229 amino acids). computer-assisted comparisons were made between c-tav rna 3 and its predicted protein sequences and those of two other tripartite rna viruses, cucumber mosaic virus (cmv) and brome mosaic virus (bmv). results from this study suggest that ... | 1991 | 1990057 |
| infectivity of plasmids containing brome mosaic virus cdna linked to the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s rna promoter. | full-length biologically active cdnas of brome mosaic virus genomic rnas 1, 2 and 3 were constructed by joining cdna fragments. the cdnas were constructed so that, at the 5' ends, unique snabi sites were present at the site of initiation of transcription. the cdnas were inserted between a modified cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s rna promoter and terminator regions derived from camv dna, and cloned into puc18. when a mixture of the plasmid dnas was inoculated onto chenopodium hybridum leaves, ... | 1991 | 1993867 |
| nucleotide sequence of tomato aspermy virus rna 2. | rna 2 of the v strain of tomato aspermy virus (tav) consists of 3074 nucleotides and contains one open reading frame of 2487 nucleotides. thus, it resembles rna 2 of cucumber mosaic virus (cmv) strains q and fny (62% identical to both), brome mosaic virus (42% identical) and cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (40% identical). in comparisons between amino acid sequences, three different regions of similarity could be distinguished. these were the central part (amino acids 224 to 757 for v-tav), which ... | 1991 | 2016592 |
| analysis of the protein composition of alfalfa mosaic virus rna-dependent rna polymerase. | rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) was solubilized and purified from cellular membranes isolated from alfalfa mosaic virus (aimv)-infected tobacco by employing a procedure recently described for brome mosaic virus rdrp [r. quadt and e.m.j. jaspars, 1990, virology 178, 189-194]. the purified aimv rdrp is completely dependent on added template rnas and exhibits a high degree of template specificity. analysis of the protein composition of aimv rdrp showed that aimv-encoded proteins p1 and p2 and t ... | 1991 | 2024468 |
| regulation of (+):(-)-strand asymmetry in replication of brome mosaic virus rna. | transfection of barley protoplasts with brome mosaic virus (bmv) rnas 1 + 2 in the absence of rna-3 yielded a molar ratio for (+):(-)-strand progeny at 24 hr postinoculation near unity, whereas over 100-fold more (+)- than (-)-strand progeny accumulated in its presence. the presence of rna-3 enhanced total (+)-strand rna production 205-fold and that of rnas 1 + 2 by 29-fold. in contrast, total (-)-strand rna accumulation decreased by 68% and that for (-)rnas 1 + 2 by 79% in the presence of rna-3 ... | 1991 | 2024481 |
| deletion analysis of brome mosaic virus 2a protein: effects on rna replication and systemic spread. | brome mosaic virus (bmv) genomic rna2 encodes the 94-kda 2a protein, which is one of two bmv nonstructural proteins required for rna replication and subgenomic mrna transcription. 2a contains a central polymeraselike region, which has extensive sequence similarity with the sindbis virus nsp4 and tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) 183-kda replication proteins, and also contains n- and c-terminal flanking segments without counterparts in the sindbis virus and tmv nonstructural proteins. to further investi ... | 1991 | 2033655 |
| turnip yellow mosaic virus rnas with anticodon loop substitutions that result in decreased valylation fail to replicate efficiently. | single and multiple nucleotide substitutions have been introduced into the anticodon loop of the trna-like structure of turnip yellow mosaic virus (tymv) genomic rna. we studied the effects of these mutations on in vitro valylation and on replication in chinese cabbage protoplasts and plants. only those mutants capable of efficient and complete valylation showed efficient replication in protoplasts and gave rise to systemic symptoms in whole plants. mutants that accepted valine inefficiently (in ... | 1991 | 2033666 |
| biological activities of hybrid rnas generated by 3'-end exchanges between tobacco mosaic and brome mosaic viruses. | sequences within the conserved, aminoacylatable 3' noncoding regions of brome mosaic virus (bmv) genomic rnas 1, 2, and 3 direct initiation of negative-strand synthesis by bmv polymerase extracts and, like sequences at the structurally divergent but aminoacylatable 3' end of tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) rna, are required in cis for rna replication in vivo. a series of chimeric rnas in which selected 3' segments were exchanged between the tyrosine-accepting bmv and histidine-accepting tmv rnas were ... | 1991 | 2041076 |
| use of bromovirus rna3 hybrids to study template specificity in viral rna amplification. | brome mosaic virus (bmv) and cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (ccmv) are related positive-strand rna viruses with genomes divided among rnas 1, 2, and 3. rnas 1 and 2 encode the viral rna replication factors, which share extensive conservation with proteins encoded by the animal alphaviruses and diverse plant viruses. in barley protoplasts, ccmv rnas 1 and 2 support high but distinguishable amplification of either bmv rna3 (b3) or ccmv rna3 (c3), while bmv rnas 1 and 2 show even greater discriminat ... | 1991 | 2041089 |
| generation and analysis of nonhomologous rna-rna recombinants in brome mosaic virus: sequence complementarities at crossover sites. | all three single-stranded rnas of the brome mosaic virus (bmv) genome contain a highly conserved, 193-base 3' noncoding region. to study the recombination between individual bmv rna components, barley plants were infected with a mixture of in vitro-transcribed wild-type bmv rnas 1 and 2 and an rna3 mutant that carried a deletion near the 3' end. this generated a population of both homologous and nonhomologous 3' recombinant bmv rna3 variants. sequencing revealed that these recombinants were deri ... | 1991 | 2072447 |
| frog virus 3-mediated translational shut-off: frog virus 3 messages are translationally more efficient than host and heterologous viral messages under conditions of increased translational stress. | frog virus 3 rapidly and selectively blocks host cell translation while synthesizing more than 60 virus-specific polypeptides. previous work indicated that virus infection led to activation of a kinase that phosphorylated and, as a consequence, inactivated eif-2. although phosphorylation of eif-2 could explain the rapid decline in host cell translation, it could not explain how viral protein synthesis persisted in the face of host shut-off. to explain this phenomenon, we speculated that viral me ... | 1990 | 2201134 |
| search of essential parameters for the aminoacylation of viral trna-like molecules. comparison with canonical transfer rnas. | comparative structural and functional results on the valine and tyrosine accepting trna-like molecules from turnip yellow mosaic virus (tymv) and brome mosaic virus (bmv), and the corresponding cognate yeast trnas are presented. novel experiments on tymv rna include design of variant genes of the trna-like domain and their transcription in vitro by t7 rna polymerase, analysis of their valylation catalyzed by yeast valyl-trna synthetase, and structural mapping with dimethyl sulfate and carbodiimi ... | 1990 | 2207141 |
| analysis of the role of brome mosaic virus 1a protein domains in rna replication, using linker insertion mutagenesis. | brome mosaic virus (bmv) belongs to a "superfamily" of plant and animal positive-strand rna viruses that share, among other features, three large domains of conserved sequence in nonstructural proteins involved in rna replication. two of these domains reside in the 109-kda bmv 1a protein. to examine the role of 1a, we used biologically active cdna clones of bmv rna1 to construct a series of linker insertion mutants bearing two-codon insertions dispersed throughout the 1a gene. the majority of th ... | 1990 | 2243389 |
| use of bromovirus rna2 hybrids to map cis- and trans-acting functions in a conserved rna replication gene. | brome mosaic virus (bmv) and cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (ccmv) are related positive-strand rna viruses with tripartite genomes. rna replication by either virus requires genomic rnas 1 and 2, which encode protein 1a and the polymeraselike, 94-kilodalton 2a protein, respectively. proteins 1a and 2a share extensive sequence similarity with proteins encoded by a wide range of other positive-strand rna viruses of animals and plants. heterologous combinations of bmv and ccmv rnas 1 and 2 do not sup ... | 1990 | 2293671 |
| cis-acting sequences required for in vivo amplification of genomic rna3 are organized differently in related bromoviruses. | cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (ccmv) is a positive-strand rna virus that infects dicotyledonous plants. the genome comprises three capped rnas: rna1 (3.2 kb), rna2 (2.9 kb), and rna3 (2.1 kb). cis-acting sequences required for amplification in vivo were explored for rna3, which does not contribute trans-acting factors to viral rna replication. using a ccmv cdna expression system, deletions throughout rna3 were constructed and tested for successful replication in barley protoplasts coinoculated w ... | 1990 | 2305551 |
| requirement for a viral trans-acting factor encoded by brome mosaic virus rna-2 provides strong selection in vivo for functional recombinants. | interaction of specific nucleotide sequences with trans-acting proteins is intrinsic to replication of viral as well as eucaryotic genomes. brome mosaic virus rna-2 encodes one of the two viral proteins known to be essential for replication. (r. french, m. janda, and p. ahlquist, science 231:1294-1297, 1986; p. a. kiberstis, l. s. loesch-fries, and t. c. hall, virology 112:804-808, 1981). transfection of barley protoplasts with wild-type transcripts of brome mosaic virus rna-1 and rna-3 and seri ... | 1990 | 2325208 |
| use of chenopodium hybridum facilitates isolation of brome mosaic virus rna recombinants. | three mutant brome mosaic virus (bmv) rna-2 transcripts bearing two alterations in the pseudoknot region and one in arm c of the 3' trna region, previously characterized as being deficient in trna-like functions, have been assayed for their ability to infect and replicate (in the presence of wild-type rnas-1 and -3) in chenopodium hybridum plants. although the introduced mutations have been shown to incapacitate the replication of rna-2 in barley protoplasts, c. hybridum plants inoculated with t ... | 1990 | 2351959 |
| point mutations in the icr2 motif of brome mosaic virus rnas debilitate (+)-strand replication. | sequences at the 5' termini of the genomic rnas of brome mosaic virus (bmv) and other (+)-stranded rna viruses have been shown (l.e. marsh and t.c. hall, 1987, cold spring harbor symp. quant. biol. 52, 331-341) to resemble the icrs 1 and 2 (a and b boxes) of trna genes, with the complementary sequences at the 3' termini of the (-) strands resembling the icr2 motif of methionine initiator trna genes (l.e. marsh, g.p. pogue, and t.c. hall, 1989, virology 172, 415-427). in order to examine the role ... | 1990 | 2389549 |
| purification and characterization of brome mosaic virus rna-dependent rna polymerase. | rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) was solubilized from cellular membranes of brome mosaic virus (bmv)-infected barley. the solubilized enzyme was subsequently purified by glycerol gradient centrifugation and deae ion-exchange chromatography. the purified enzyme proved to be highly stable and both dependent on and specific for bmv rnas. the enzyme is inhibited by high template rna concentrations. this inhibition indicates feedback regulation of minus-strand synthesis. the nonstructural viral pr ... | 1990 | 2389551 |
| genetic recombination between rna components of a multipartite plant virus. | genetic recombination of dna is one of the fundamental mechanisms underlying the evolution of dna-based organisms and results in their diversity and adaptability. the importance of the role of recombination is far less evident for the rna-based genomes that occur in most plant viruses and in many animal viruses. rna recombination has been shown to promote the evolutionary variation of picornaviruses, it is involved in the creation of defective interfering (di) rnas of positive- and negative-stra ... | 1986 | 2423879 |
| hemin and cyclic amp stimulate message-dependent translation in lysates from friend erythroleukemia cells. | a message-dependent, cell-free translation system was prepared from both uninduced and n,n'-hexamethylene-bis-acetamide-induced friend erythroleukemia cells following modification of standard protocols. active extracts were prepared by lysing friend erythroleukemia cells in hypotonic buffer containing 50 microm hemin and 10 mm cyclic adenosine monophosphate (camp), and assaying translation in vitro in the absence of exogenous nucleoside triphosphates. both hemin and camp were required for full a ... | 1989 | 2541008 |
| defined mutations in a small region of the brome mosaic virus 2 gene cause diverse temperature-sensitive rna replication phenotypes. | the central portion of the brome mosaic virus (bmv) 2a protein represents the most conserved element among the related rna replication components of a large group of positive-strand rna viruses of humans, animals, and plants. to characterize the functions of the 2a protein, mutations were targeted to a conserved portion of the 2a gene, resulting in substitutions between amino acids 451 and 484. after the temperature profile of wild-type bmv rna replication was defined, rna replication by nine se ... | 1989 | 2585606 |
| structural analogies between the 3' trna-like structure of brome mosaic virus rna and yeast trnatyr revealed by protection studies with yeast tyrosyl-trna synthetase. | contacts between the trna-like domain in brome mosaic virus rna and yeast tyrosyl-trna synthetase have been determined by footprinting with enzymatic probes. regions in which the synthetase caused protections indicative of direct interaction coincide with loci identified by mutational studies as being important for efficient tyrosylation [dreher, t. w. & hall, t. c. (1988) j. mol. biol. 201, 41-55]. additional extensive contacts were found upstream of the core of the trna-like structure. in para ... | 1989 | 2684668 |
| replication in vivo of mutant brome mosaic virus rnas defective in aminoacylation. | in order to understand the relationship between replication and aminoacylation of the genomic rnas of brome mosaic virus, the replication of four mutants, whose rnas were expected (on the basis of their properties in vitro) to be inefficiently tyrosylated in vivo, was studied in barley protoplasts and plants. test inocula consisted of capped transcripts of wild-type rnas 1 and 2, and of rna 3 variants with defined mutations in the 3' trna-like region. mutant 5'psk, which is defective in minus-st ... | 1989 | 2716056 |
| nucleotide sequence and translation of satellite tobacco mosaic virus rna. | satellite tobacco mosaic virus (stmv) is a plant virus with a 17-nm icosahedral particle encapsidating a 0.3 x 10(6) mr ssrna genome that depends on tobamoviruses for its replication. the complete nucleotide sequence of stmv rna deduced in the experiments described here was 1059 nucleotides in length. the efficiency of labeling viral rna with [gamma-32p]atp using t4 polynucleotide kinase was not affected by treatment with tobacco acid pyrophosphatase and/or bacterial alkaline phosphatase, indica ... | 1989 | 2718378 |
| derivation of an infectious viral rna by autolytic cleavage of in vitro transcribed viral cdnas. | an in vitro transcription system has been developed that utilizes self-processing to adjust 3' termini in transcribed viral rnas. transcription vectors were constructed by ligating a cdna "cassette" containing self-cleavage sequences from the satellite rna of tobacco ringspot virus (stobrv rna) with the 3' end of brome mosaic virus (bmv) cdna clones. transcripts were obtained either from templates linearized at positions located downstream from the cassette or from nonlinearized plasmids. in bot ... | 1989 | 2740329 |
| telomeric function of the trna-like structure of brome mosaic virus rna. | four mutant brome mosaic virus (bmv) rna3 transcripts, bearing single or double base changes in the 3'-ccaoh terminus of the trna-like structure, previously characterized as being deficient in vitro with respect to aminoacylation and replication activities, have now been assayed in vivo for their ability to replicate (in the presence of transcripts of wild-type rna1 and -2) in barley protoplasts and plants. in tests conducted with protoplasts, irrespective of the time post-infection, all four mu ... | 1989 | 2748589 |
| sequence of cowpea chlorotic mottle virus rnas 2 and 3 and evidence of a recombination event during bromovirus evolution. | the genomic sequence of cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (ccmv) was completed by sequencing biologically active cdna clones of ccmv rna2 (2774 bases) and rna3 (2173 bases). while only the central core of the encoded 94-kda ccmv 2a protein contains features conserved among known and putative rna replication proteins from many viruses, both flanking regions of ccmv 2a show substantial similarity to the corresponding protein of the related brome mosaic virus (bmv). the 3a proteins of ccmv and bmv, imp ... | 1989 | 2773323 |
| effects of deletions in the n-terminal basic arm of brome mosaic virus coat protein on rna packaging and systemic infection. | the first 25 amino acids of brome mosaic virus (bmv) coat protein include 8 basic and no acidic residues and are implicated in binding the encapsidated rna. using infectious transcripts from bmv rna3 cdna clones, we modified this region of the coat gene. a coat protein mutant with the first 25 amino acids deleted failed to direct either packaging of viral rna in protoplasts or systemic infection of whole barley plants. neither symptoms, virions, nor viral rna was detectable in plants inoculated ... | 1989 | 2795712 |
| similarities among plant virus (+) and (-) rna termini imply a common ancestry with promoters of eukaryotic trnas. | the 5' ends of brome mosaic virus (bmv) rnas contain sequences similar to the consensus internal control region (icr) of pol iii promoters in trna genes. comparison of bmv (+)rna 5' termini with bmv (-)rna termini revealed the presence of two (tandem) repeats of some 30 nucleotides, the more internal containing a region of 73% similarity to the trna consensus icr2 (downstream) region of the icr. tandem repeats containing motifs similar to the icr2 consensus were found at the 5' termini of (-)rna ... | 1989 | 2800331 |
| mutational analysis of the core and modulator sequences of the bmv rna3 subgenomic promoter. | the subgenomic promoter of a (+)-stranded rna virus, brome mosaic virus (bmv) controlling synthesis of subgenomic rna4 has been defined in vitro. truncated and mutant (-)-strand rna templates were produced by in vitro transcription of cloned rna3 cdna. subgenomic (+)-sense rna was synthesized in vitro from these templates by a replicase (rna-dependent rna polymerase) preparation extracted from infected barley leaves. the activities of templates with truncations and deletions surrounding the rna4 ... | 1988 | 2830598 |
| studies on the mechanism of translational enhancement by the 5'-leader sequence of tobacco mosaic virus rna. | translation of foreign mrnas is enhanced by a cis-acting derivative (omega') of the 5'-leader sequence (omega) of tobacco mosaic virus rna (vulgare strain). to explain this effect we have conducted several experiments in vitro. 1. the presence of various 5'-terminal sequences, including omega', did not significantly increase the half-lives of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) or neomycin phosphotransferase (nptii) mrnas in wheat-germ extract. also, a long leader sequence, unrelated to omeg ... | 1988 | 2841127 |
| [site-specific cleavage of rna 3 from brome mosaic virus in the intercistron region and restoration of the internal poly(a)-track in a progeny of religated rna]. | 1988 | 2844489 | |
| reduced tumorigenicity of rodent tumour cells and tumour explants following infection with wild type and mutant herpes simplex virus, bovine mammillitis virus and encephalomyocarditis virus. | the tumorigenicity of neoplastic hamster and mouse cell lines and tumour explants was reduced by infection with herpes simplex virus (hsv-1), a thymidine-kinaseless mutant of herpes simplex virus, namely 'mdk', encephalomyocarditis virus (emc) and bovine mammillitis virus (bmv). there was an approximate relationship between duration of virus infection in vitro and reduction in incidence and/or rate of tumour development. the rate of tumour development was also reduced by 'site inoculation' of vi ... | 1988 | 2846027 |
| hybrid brome mosaic virus rnas express and are packaged in tobacco mosaic virus coat protein in vivo. | brome mosaic virus (bmv) is an icosahedral virus with a tripartite rna genome which infects monocotyledonous plants, while the cowpea or legume strain of tobacco mosaic virus (cctmv) is a rod-shaped virus with a single component rna genome which infects dicotyledonous plants. to examine the potential for exchanging entire genes between rna viruses, biologically active cdna clones were used to replace the natural coat gene of bmv rna3 with the coat gene and encapsidation origin of cctmv. in proto ... | 1988 | 2847411 |
| partial purification and characterization of a formylmethionine deformylase from rat small intestine. | a formylmethionine deformylase from rat small-intestinal mucosa has been isolated, characterized and partially purified. the enzyme catalyses the release of equimolar amounts of formate and the free amino acid. the deformylase was active against formylmethionine (km 7.1 mm) and formylnorleucine, but showed reduced activity against formyl-leucine. it was inactive against a range of other polar and nonpolar formyl-amino acids and against formyl di- and tri-peptides. the mr of the native enzyme was ... | 1989 | 2920026 |
| a neurospora crassa heat-shocked cell lysate translates homologous and heterologous messenger rna efficiently, without preference for heat shock messages. | cell-free protein synthesis systems were prepared from normally-grown (n-lysate) and heat-shocked (hs-lysate) neurospora crassa mycelium. although both lysates translated homologous mrna, the hs-lysate was more active, yielding a higher incorporation of [35s]-methionine into hot tca-insoluble material and a vastly superior protein synthesis profile. the optimal temperature for translation by both lysates was 21 degrees c; the hs-lysate did not translate heat-shock mrna preferentially at any temp ... | 1988 | 2969781 |
| antigenic and biochemical analysis of gb of herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 and of cross-reacting glycoproteins induced by bovine mammillitis virus and equine herpesvirus type 1. | an antiserum was produced to the oligomeric form of glycoprotein b (gb) induced by herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) strain 17. this antiserum gave a single common precipitin line in agar gel immunodiffusion with hsv-1, hsv-2, bovine mammillitis virus (bmv) and equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1). it also neutralized hsv-1, hsv-2 and bmv but not ehv-1. absorption of the antiserum with excess hsv-2 or bmv antigen resulted in an hsv-1-specific neutralizing antiserum. in immunoprecipitation, two pr ... | 1985 | 2981966 |
| role of bovine mammillitis virus towards preparation of an alternative vaccine against herpes simplex virus infections of human subjects. | bovine mammillitis virus (bmv) cross-reacted in neutralization and radioimmune assay with herpes simplex virus (hsv) and pre-immunization with bmv protected against challenge by type 2 hsv. there was no evidence to suggest a pathogenic role for bmv as adjudged by a literature search or field enquiry and bmv specific antibody was not detected in 21 human sera or in four sera from personnel engaged in research with bmv; in addition there was no replication or antigen synthesis by bmv in explants o ... | 1987 | 3033927 |
| the nucleotide sequence and gene organization of red clover necrotic mosaic virus rna-2. | red clover necrotic mosaic virus, a member of the dianthovirus group, is characterized by a genome composed of two nonhomologous single-stranded rnas of approximately 4.0 (rna-1) and 1.4 kb (rna-2). the complete nucleotide sequence of the rna-2 has been determined. rna-2 is 1448 nucleotides in length with a 5' terminal m7g cap and no 3' terminal poly-a tail or 5' terminal vpg. an open reading frame beginning at the first initiation codon at nucleotide 80 and ending at nucleotide 1030 has been id ... | 1988 | 3047682 |
| a continuous cell-free translation system capable of producing polypeptides in high yield. | a cell-free translation system has been constructed that uses a continuous flow of the feeding buffer [including amino acids, adenosine triphosphate (atp), and guanosine triphosphate (gtp)] through the reaction mixture and a continuous removal of a polypeptide product. both prokaryotic (escherichia coli) and eukaryotic (wheat embryos, triticum sp.) versions of the system have been tested. in both cases the system has proven active for long times, synthesizing polypeptides at a high constant rate ... | 1988 | 3055301 |