| a polysaccharide fraction from medicinal herb prunella vulgaris downregulates the expression of herpes simplex virus antigen in vero cells. | herpes simplex viruses (hsv) are pathogenic. with the emergence of drug-resistant strains of hsv, new antiviral agents, especially those with different modes of action, are urgently needed. prunella vulgaris l. (labiatae), a perennial plant commonly found in china and europe, has long been used as a folk medicine to cure ailments. in this study, a polysaccharide fraction was prepared from prunella vulgaris (ppv), and its effects on the expressions of hsv-1 and hsv-2 antigens in their host vero c ... | 2004 | 15182906 |
| multiplex pcr for rapid detection of pseudorabies virus, porcine parvovirus and porcine circoviruses. | a multiplex pcr (mpcr) assay was developed and subsequently evaluated for its effectiveness as a means to simultaneously detect multiple viral infections of swine. specific primers for each of four common dna viruses, namely, pseudorabies virus (prv), porcine circovirus type i (pcv1), porcine circovirus type ii (pcv2), and porcine parvovirus (ppv), were used for testing procedure. the assay was shown to be highly sensitive in that as little as 10(-4) ng of each of the respective amplicons (appro ... | 2004 | 15223125 |
| specific detection and quantification of plum pox virus by real-time fluorescent reverse transcription-pcr. | plum pox virus (ppv), a destructive and economically devastating pathogen of prunus species, was recently discovered in pennsylvania and canada. current containment efforts involve eradication of infected trees based on elisa surveys, which are laborious and less sensitive than pcr-based techniques. a real-time, fluorescent, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assay was developed for the detection of ppv in the smart cycler (cepheid). the methods developed are reproducible, ... | 2004 | 15234814 |
| comparison of the efficacy of virus inactivation methods in allogeneic avital bone tissue transplants. | several procedures for inactivating viruses are used presently in the context of bone tissue transplants. common methods used are gamma irradiation (25 kgy), treatment with moist heat (82.5 degrees c/15 min., lobator-sd2-system) as well as chemical sterilisation using peracetic acid-ethanol treatment (pes, 2% peracetic acid, 96% ethanol, aqua [2:1:1], 200 mbar, agitation, 4 hours). based on national and international guidelines, we tested the antivirucidal effectiveness of these methods in human ... | 2001 | 15256903 |
| quantification of epstein-barr virus load in argentinean transplant recipients using real-time pcr. | post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (ptld) is a frequent and severe epstein-barr virus (ebv)-associated complication in transplant recipients that is caused by suppression of t-cell function. | 2004 | 15288615 |
| analysis and comparison of the 4b core protein gene of avipoxviruses from wild birds: evidence for interspecies spatial phylogenetic variation. | avipoxviruses have been isolated from a wide variety of avian hosts, and yet little is known regarding the host-virus species variation of the genus avipoxvirus. we have investigated the variations in the viral 4b core protein gene from six different avipoxviruses based on pcr, southern blot and nucleotide sequence analysis to evaluate the suitability of this region for differentiation between avipoxvirus isolates. southern blot and nucleotide sequence analysis revealed considerable interspecies ... | 2004 | 15290371 |
| geographically and temporally distant natural recombinant isolates of plum pox virus (ppv) are genetically very similar and form a unique ppv subgroup. | natural recombinant plum pox virus (ppv) isolates were detected in albania, bulgaria, czech republic, germany, hungary and slovakia. despite different geographical origins and dates of isolation, all the recombinant isolates were closely related at the molecular level and shared the same recombination breakpoint as well as a typical signature in their n-terminal coat protein sequence, suggesting a common origin. biological assays with four recombinant isolates demonstrated their capacity to be a ... | 2004 | 15302961 |
| serum levels of hepatitis c virus core antigen as a marker of infection and response to therapy. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) core antigen is a recently developed marker of hepatitis c infection. we compared the predictive power of hcv core antigen with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and branched dna assay for hcv-rna as markers of infection and response to interferon therapy. | 2004 | 15330912 |
| inhibitory effects of cystatins on proteolytic activities of the plum pox potyvirus cysteine proteinases. | in an effort to develop new antiviral strategies effective against potyviruses, several cystatins were evaluated for their ability to inhibit the cysteine proteinases of plum pox potyvirus (ppv) using in vitro proteolytic assays. the following cystatins were purified as gst fusion proteins and shown to be active against papain:oryzacystatins i and ii (oci and ocii), corn cystatin ii (ccii), human stefin a (hsa), the domain 8 of tomato multicystatin (tmc-8) and a large 24kda tomato cystatin (ltcy ... | 2004 | 15351491 |
| p16(ink4a) expression is related to grade of cin and high-risk human papillomavirus but does not predict virus clearance after conization or disease outcome. | the role of p16(ink4a) as a marker of hr-hpv and in the diagnosis of cin has been well established, but its predictive value in the clearance of the virus after cin treatment and its use as a prognostic marker of cervical cancer has not been studied. a series of 302 archival samples, including 150 squamous cell carcinomas (sccs) and 152 cin lesions, were subjected to immunohistochemical staining for p16(ink4a) and hpv testing using pcr with three primer sets (my09/11, gp5/gp6, spf). follow-up da ... | 2004 | 15381905 |
| stability of gene silencing-based resistance to plum pox virus in transgenic plum (prunus domestica l.) under field conditions. | plum pox virus (ppv) is one of the most devastating diseases of prunus species. since few sources of resistance to ppv have been identified, transgene-based resistance offers a complementary approach to developing ppv-resistant stone fruit cultivars. c5, a transgenic clone of prunus domestica l., containing the ppv coat protein (cp) gene, has been described as highly resistant to ppv in greenhouse tests, displaying characteristics typical of post-transcriptional gene silencing (ptgs). we show in ... | 2004 | 15587267 |
| a simplified rt-pcr-based detection of recombinant plum pox virus isolates. | closely related natural plum pox virus (ppv) isolates derived from homologous rna recombination between ppv-d and ppv-m have been recently identified and shown naturally spread in several european countries. as their serological properties were identical with those of conventional ppv-m isolates, they could be detected only by combined analysis of at least two different genome parts. to simplify the detection of such recombinants primers specific to ppv-m and ppv-d sequences with binding sites l ... | 2004 | 15595211 |
| detection and differentiation of plum pox virus using real-time multiplex pcr with sybr green and melting curve analysis: a rapid method for strain typing. | a real-time multiplex pcr procedure with melting curve analysis, using the green fluorescence dye sybr green i, was developed for rapid and reliable identification of plum pox virus (ppv) isolates of strains d and m. members of the different strains were identified by their distinctive melting temperatures (t(m)s); 84.3-84.43 degrees c for d isolates, and 85.34-86.11 degrees c for m isolates. the associated amplicon sizes were 114 and 380 bp, respectively. the procedure was used for detection an ... | 2005 | 15620404 |
| simultaneous detection of six stone fruit viruses by non-isotopic molecular hybridization using a unique riboprobe or 'polyprobe'. | a new strategy for the simultaneous detection of plant viruses by molecular hybridization has been developed. two, four or six viral sequences were fused in tandem and transcribed to render unique riboprobes and designated as 'polyprobes'. the 'polyprobe four' (poly 4) covered the four ilarviruses affecting stone fruit trees including apple mosaic virus (apmv), prunus necrotic ringspot virus (pnrsv), prune dwarf virus (pdv), and american plum line pattern virus (aplpv) whereas the 'polyprobe two ... | 2004 | 15664050 |
| analogues of virus resistance genes map to qtls for resistance to sharka disease in prunus davidiana. | plum pox virus (ppv), the causative agent of sharka disease in prunoideae, is one of the most serious problems affecting stone fruit production in europe and america. resistance to ppv was previously described in a prunus davidiana clone, p1908, and introduced into peach (prunus persica) genotypes. genetic resistance to ppv displays a complex pattern of quantitative inheritance. an analysis of quantitative trait loci (qtls) for resistance was performed on an f1 interspecific peach population obt ... | 2005 | 15666162 |
| partial sequence analysis of an atypical turkish isolate provides further information on the evolutionary history of plum pox virus (ppv). | a variety of techniques, such as typing with subgroup-specific monoclonal antibodies, restriction length polymorphism (rflp) analysis or subgroup-specific rt-pcr are available for the discrimination of plum pox virus (ppv) isolates. however, the existence of ppv isolates showing abnormal typing properties has been observed in the past [candresse, t., cambra, m., dallot, s., lanneau, m., asensio, m., gorris, m.t., revers, f., macquaire, g., olmos, a., boscia, d., quiot j.b., dunez, j., 1998. comp ... | 2005 | 15681071 |
| early hepatitis c virus changes and sustained response in patients with chronic hepatitis c treated with peginterferon alpha-2b and ribavirin. | interferon-based therapy induces changes in viral dynamics in chronic hepatitis c (chc) patients. | 2005 | 15698404 |
| review of treatment of bronchiolitis related apnoea in two centres. | to determine whether the use of negative pressure ventilation (npv) was associated with a lower rate of endotracheal intubation in infants with recurrent apnoea secondary to acute bronchiolitis. | 2005 | 15723920 |
| detection of porcine circovirus type 2, porcine parvovirus and porcine pseudorabies virus from pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome by multiplex pcr. | multiplex pcr was established to detect porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2), porcine parvovirus (ppv) and porcine pseudorabies virus (prv) and applied to samples from 137 piglets exhibiting clinical signs of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). pcv-2 dna was detected from all samples. moreover, 43 samples were positive for ppv but negative for prv; 11 samples were positive for prv but negative for ppv; and 35 samples were positive both for ppv and prv. these results suggests that pcv ... | 2005 | 15736858 |
| experimental reproduction of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) in pigs in sweden and denmark with a swedish isolate of porcine circovirus type 2. | an experimental model using 3-day-old snatch-farrowed colostrum-deprived piglets co-infected with porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) and porcine parvovirus (ppv) is at present one of the best methods to study factors affecting development of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). a swedish isolate of pcv2 (s-pcv2) retrieved in 1993 from a healthy pig has been used in this model to reproduce pmws in pigs from northern ireland. this virus has been present in the swedish pig population fo ... | 2005 | 15737473 |
| properties of a virus isolated from vernonia amygdalina del. in lagos, nigeria. | a previously uncharacterized virus tentatively named vernonia green vein-banding virus (vgvbv) was isolated from vernonia amygdalina del. ("bitterleaf") from lagos, nigeria. the virus was mechanically transmissible but had a narrow host range restricted to nicotiana benthamiana, chenopodium quinoa and c. amaranticolor. it was also transmissible in a non-persistent manner by myzus persicae. the virus was purified from n. benthamiana and about 750 nm long flexuous rod-shaped particles were observe ... | 2004 | 15745049 |
| cross-priming of t cell responses by synthetic microspheres carrying a cd8+ t cell epitope requires an adjuvant signal. | controlling the cross-presentation of exogenous ags to cd8+ t cells represents a major step for designing new vaccination strategies. whereas several recombinant pseudo-viral particles have been used as delivery systems for triggering potent ctl responses to heterologous exogenous ags, the adjuvant properties of virus-like particles (vlps) themselves were little questioned. here, we analyzed the contribution of the porcine parvovirus (ppv)-vlps to the induction of protective cellular responses t ... | 2005 | 15749877 |
| predictive value of early virological response to treatment with different interferon-based regimens plus ribavirin in patients with chronic hepatitis c. | early virological response (evr) to different interferon-based regimens plus ribavirin and its ability to predict the outcome of therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis c were investigated. the study design was as follows: 64 naive patients were considered, 32/64 received pegylated interferon alpha-2b (peg-ifn-alpha2b) plus ribavirin and the remaining 32 received leucocyte interferon alpha (ifn-alpha) plus ribavirin. at week 4 of treatment, evr was present in 68.7% and 37.5% of patients treat ... | 2005 | 15782622 |
| the role of human telomerase catalytic subunit mrna expression in cervical dysplasias. | telomerase activity and human telomerase reverse transcriptase (htert) mrna expression were investigated in cervical specimens and were correlated with cytologic findings and the presence of human papilloma virus (hpv) infection. telomerase activity was evaluated by the telomeric repeat protocol assay and htert mrna expression was evaluated by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (pcr). hpv dna was detected by pcr, as well as restriction endonuclease digestion. hpv dna was detected in ... | 2005 | 15792948 |
| nucleotide sequence analysis of plum pox virus isolate w3174: evidence of a new strain. | the nucleotide sequence of plum pox virus (ppv) isolate w3174 was determined. the virus genome consists of 9788 nucleotides (nt), excluding the poly(a) tail at the 3'-terminus, with 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions (utrs) of 146 and 219 nt, respectively. the deduced polyprotein consists of 3141 amino acid (aa) residues, with the coat protein region consisting of 993 nt (331 aa). in comparisons with ppv-d, -m, -ea and -c isolates, nucleotide identity levels ranged from 79 to 80% for the entire gen ... | 2005 | 15845265 |
| identification of viral pathogens in aborted fetuses and stillborn piglets from cases of swine reproductive failure in spain. | the objective of the present study was to determine the presence of recognised abortifacient viruses such as porcine reproductive and respiratory virus (prrsv), aujeszky's disease virus (adv), porcine parvovirus (ppv) and porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), in tissues from aborted fetuses and stillborn neonates in cases of late reproductive failure in swine. a total of 293 specimens (fetuses aborted in the last third of gestation and stillborn piglets) from 100 different cases of late-term abortio ... | 2005 | 15848788 |
| determination of the six major human herpesviruses in cerebrospinal fluid and blood specimens of children. | to detect and differentiate six major human herpesviruses in the cerebrospinal fluid (csf) and blood of children by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr-rflp). | 2005 | 15858958 |
| analysis of recombinant plum pox virus (ppv) isolates from serbia confirms genetic homogeneity and supports a regional origin for the ppv-rec subgroup. | the recent observation of the frequent occurrence of natural recombinant plum pox virus (ppv) isolates has led to the identification of a distinct ppv subgroup, named ppv-rec. the diversity, origin and geographical spread of the recombinant ppv isolates belonging to this subgroup remain, however, relatively poorly known. in an effort to further our understanding of these isolates, eight ppv isolates from serbia, the country from which the first such recombinant (ppv-o6) originated, were characte ... | 2005 | 15906106 |
| evaluation of virus decontamination techniques for porcine embryos produced in vitro. | the objective of this study was to explore approaches to decontaminate embryos either contaminated naturally or under experimental conditions with different viruses. embryos were obtained from in vitro maturation and fertilisation of porcine oocytes. after 7 days of development, morula and blastocyst stages were exposed for 1 h to the following viruses: encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv), porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), porcine parvovirus (ppv), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome vir ... | 2005 | 15910918 |
| experimental infection of 3-week-old conventional colostrum-fed pigs with porcine circovirus type 2 and porcine parvovirus. | this report describes an experimental infection with porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) in combination with porcine parvovirus (ppv) in 3-week-old conventional colostrum-fed pigs with maternal antibodies to both viruses. two groups of four pigs each were inoculated with pcv2 and ppv. one of the groups received also a commercial inactivated vaccine against porcine pleuropneumonia to evaluate possible effects of the stimulation of the immune system of pigs on the infection. another group of four pig ... | 2005 | 15916871 |
| effects of lyophilization on the infectivity of enveloped and non-enveloped viruses in bone tissue. | recently reported qualitative experiments proved that retroviral infectivity is not destroyed by lyophilization performed on systemically infected bone and tendon. the now accomplished quantitative determination of residual infectivity for enveloped and non-enveloped viruses allows a validation of the production process regarding viral safety in freeze-dried bone transplants. the lyophilization effect on the infectivity of two non-enveloped viruses (maus elberfeld virus, mev; porcine parvovirus, ... | 2005 | 15946737 |
| real-time assay for quantitative detection of non-persistently transmitted plum pox virus rna targets in single aphids. | a taqman real-time rt-pcr was developed to detect and quantify rna-targets from the non-circulative, non-persistently transmitted plum pox virus (ppv) in individual fresh or aphids captured previously and squashed on paper. reliable quantitation ranged from 40 up to 4 x 10(8) copies of control transcripts. this technique was applied successfully to plant material and to individual ppv vector (myzus persicae) and non-vector of ppv (aphis nerii) aphid species demonstrating acquisition of viral tar ... | 2005 | 15964640 |
| application of gfp-tagged plum pox virus to study prunus-ppv interactions at the whole plant and cellular levels. | the sharka disease caused by the potyvirus plum pox virus (ppv) is one of the most serious viral diseases affecting stone fruit trees. the study of ppv/prunus interaction under greenhouse controlled conditions is space, time, labor consuming. while the ppv/prunus interactions are now quite well known at the whole plant level, few data however are available on the interactions between the virus and the prunus host plants at the cellular level. using a green fluorescent protein (gfp)-tagged m type ... | 2005 | 15993953 |
| prediction of the hepatitis c viremia using immunoassay data and clinical expertise. | detection of anti-hepatitis c virus (anti-hcv) antibodies may yield a high frequency of false-positive results in people at low risk. to date, no clinical rule had been developed to predict viremia in hcv-seropositive patients. therefore, we aimed to generate a prediction rule on the basis of clinical and serologic data, which can be used in outpatient care. we selected 114 seropositive patients without antiviral treatment or hepatitis b coinfection. subsequently we identified independent predic ... | 2005 | 16010243 |
| identification of secret agent as the o-glcnac transferase that participates in plum pox virus infection. | serine and threonine of many nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins are posttranslationally modified with o-linked n-acetylglucosamine (o-glcnac). this modification is made by o-linked n-acetylglucosamine transferases (ogts). genetic and biochemical data have demonstrated the existence of two ogts of arabidopsis thaliana, secret agent (sec) and spindly (spy), with at least partly overlapping functions, but there is little information on their target proteins. the n terminus of the capsid protein (cp) ... | 2005 | 16014901 |
| adenosine deaminase activity--more than a diagnostic tool in tuberculous pericarditis. | to improve the understanding of factors that influence adenosine deaminase ( ada) activity in large pericardial effusions. | 2005 | 16049586 |
| seroprevalence of six reproductive pathogens in european wild boar (sus scrofa) from spain: the effect on wild boar female reproductive performance. | we studied the seroprevalence of six reproductive pathogens in spanish hunter-harvested wild boar females. the sample was representative of the hunting harvest in the studied hunting estates. mean antibody prevalences were: 60.6+/-0.06% for aujeszky's disease virus (adv), 56.6+/-0.09% for porcine parvovirus (ppv), 51.8+/-0.06% for porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), 29.7+/-0.09% for brucella spp. and 36.3+/-0.1% for toxoplasma gondii. we did not detect antibodies against porcine reproductive and r ... | 2006 | 16076482 |
| acute respiratory failure due to pneumocystis pneumonia in patients without human immunodeficiency virus infection: outcome and associated features. | to examine outcome and associated factors of acute respiratory failure (arf) in non-hiv-related pneumocystis pneumonia (pcp) in patients admitted to a medical icu between 1995 and 2002. | 2005 | 16100140 |
| hepatitis c virus rna kinetics during the initial 12 weeks treatment with pegylated interferon-alpha 2a and ribavirin according to virological response. | summary: to optimize treatment of chronic hepatitis c early identification of patients who will not achieve a sustained virological response (svr) is desirable. we investigated hepatitis c virus (hcv) rna kinetics at day 1 (in 15 patients; genotypes 1 and non-1, 9 and 6 respectively) at weeks 1, 4 and 12 (in 53 patients; genotypes 1 and non-1, 19 and 34, respectively) during treatment with pegylated interferon alpha-2a and ribavirin. patients with svr had a significantly more pronounced mean log ... | 2005 | 16108761 |
| cirrhosis in hepatitis c virus-infected patients can be excluded using an index of standard biochemical serum markers. | assessment of liver histology is pivotal in prognostication and decision-making regarding therapeutic intervention in patients with chronic hepatitis c virus (hcv). being an invasive procedure, the liver biopsy is associated with complications, and a non-invasive alternative would be preferable. | 2005 | 16109665 |
| prediction of liver fibrosis in human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis c virus coinfected patients by simple non-invasive indexes. | liver biopsy is an invasive technique with associated major complications. there is no information on the validity of five non-invasive indexes based on routinely available parameters, estimated and validated in hepatitis c virus (hcv) monoinfected patients, in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)/hcv coinfected patients. | 2006 | 16118349 |
| accumulation of the long class of sirna is associated with resistance to plum pox virus in a transgenic woody perennial plum tree. | we investigated the hallmarks of posttranscription gene silencing (ptgs) in mature plants, embryos, and seedlings of the transgenic plum trees (prunus sp.) that are resistant to plum pox virus (ppv). we previously demonstrated that the transgene insert and resistance to ppv were mutually inherited in progeny of line c5. we show here that c5 constitutively produces a short (22 nt) and a long (25 to 26 nt) species of short interfering (si)rna from embryo to mature plant in the absence of ppv inocu ... | 2005 | 16134891 |
| is alanine aminotransferase a good marker of histologic hepatic damage in renal transplant patients with hepatitis c virus infection? | renal transplant (rtx) patients with hepatitis c frequently show normal levels of alanine aminotransferase (alt) and the significance of alt in this group has not been established. | 2005 | 16146553 |
| cost-efficacy analysis of peginterferon alfa-2b plus ribavirin compared with peginterferon alfa-2a plus ribavirin for the treatment of chronic hepatitis c. | combination therapy with pegylated interferon (peg) and ribavirin (rbv) is the standard of care for the treatment of chronic hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection. this analysis compares the cost efficacy of treatment with pegylated interferon alfa-2b plus ribavirin (peg-2b plus rbv) with pegylated interferon alfa-2a plus ribavirin (peg-2a plus rbv) in hypothetical cohorts of 100 chronic hcv patients comprised 75% of genotype 1. | 2005 | 16194133 |
| aetiology of sexually transmitted disease (std) and comparison of std syndromes and aetiological diagnosis in taipei, taiwan. | between july 2002 and july 2004, all male patients (n=307) presenting to a sexually transmitted disease (std) clinic who reported unprotected sex were enrolled in the study. of these, 63 (20.5%), 19 (6.2%) and one (0.3%) were infected with one, two and three pathogens, respectively. the prevalences of chlamydial infection, gonorrhoea, syphilis, human immunodeficiency virus infection and trichomoniasis were 14.3%, 10.1%, 6.8%, 2.2% and 0%, respectively. the sensitivities of urethral discharge syn ... | 2005 | 16216108 |
| conjugate pneumococcal vaccine in hiv-infected ugandans and the effect of past receipt of polysaccharide vaccine. | we investigated the immunogenicity of a 7-valent conjugate pneumococcal vaccine (cpv) in human immunodeficiency virus-infected ugandan adults and measured the effect of past pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (ppv) receipt given as part of a controlled trial. two doses of cpv, 4 weeks apart, were given to 54 past ppv recipients and 55 past placebo recipients (84% female; median cd4 cell count, 251 cells/ microl [range, 1-936 cells/ microl]). postvaccination anticapsular immunoglobulin g (igg) c ... | 2005 | 16235180 |
| [prevalence and association of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), porcine parvovirus (ppv) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) in aborted fetuses, mummified fetuses, stillborn and nonviable neonatal piglets]. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) seems to cause reproductive failure in sows not only in experimental studies. a retrospective study was made with a total of 252 aborted fetuses, mummified fetuses, stillborn and nonviable neonatal piglets to determine the presence of pcv2, porcine parvovirus (ppv) and porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus (prrsv) by pcr. pcv2 was found in all stages of gestation in 27.1 percent of samples examined. a statistically significant association could be s ... | 2005 | 16240914 |
| genetic analysis of the function of the plum pox virus ci rna helicase in virus movement. | the ci protein forms the cylindrical inclusions typical of potyviral infections and is involved in genome replication and virus movement. in this work, we have analyzed the effect of a series of point mutations at the n-terminal region of the ci protein of plum pox virus (ppv) on the enzymatic activities and the self-interaction ability of the protein, and on virus replication and movement. dd3,4aa mutation, which had no apparent effects on atpase and rna helicase activities in vitro, and on vir ... | 2006 | 16256236 |
| validation of a simple model for predicting liver fibrosis in hiv/hepatitis c virus-coinfected patients. | recently, several models incorporating laboratory measurements have been validated for use as surrogate markers for liver fibrosis in hepatitis c virus (hcv) mono-infection, the simplest of these being the aspartate aminotransferase (ast) to platelet ratio index (apri). we evaluated how well the apri predicts significant hepatic fibrosis in patients with hiv/hcv coinfection. | 2005 | 16268817 |
| real-time rt-pcr and sybr green i melting curve analysis for the identification of plum pox virus strains c, ea, and w: effect of amplicon size, melt rate, and dye translocation. | real-time rt-pcr and sybr green i melt curve analysis of a 74 bp amplicon enabled identification of plum pox virus strains c, ea, and w, with distinct t(m)'s associated with each strain. this test is a useful supplement to a real-time rt-pcr test described earlier that was used to distinguish ppv strains d and m. a longer fragment of 155 bp was not effective for strain identification. a simplified one-tube protocol, with dithiothreitol eliminated from the reaction, showed similar sensitivity whe ... | 2006 | 16293321 |
| herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) western blot confirmatory testing among men testing positive for hsv-2 using the focus enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in a sexually transmitted disease clinic. | the objective of this study was to define the positive predictive value (ppv) of the focus herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) in a low hsv-2 prevalence population and to develop a new test interpretation algorithm. | 2005 | 16314775 |
| hairpin rna-mediated silencing of plum pox virus p1 and hc-pro genes for efficient and predictable resistance to the virus. | we report the application of the hairpin-mediated rna silencing technology for obtaining resistance to plum pox virus (ppv) infection in nicotiana benthamiana plants. four sequences, covering the p1 and silencing suppressor hc-pro genes of an italian ppv m isolate, were introduced into n. benthamiana plants as two inverted repeats separated by an intron sequence under the transcriptional control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter. in a leaf disk infection assay, 38 out of 40 t0 transge ... | 2005 | 16315100 |
| pathological and aetiological studies of multifocal interstitial nephritis in wasted pigs at slaughter. | multifocal interstitial nephritis in pigs has been associated with several infectious agents. the objective of the present study was to investigate several different potential infectious agents associated with "white-spotted" kidneys in pigs suffering from wasting at slaughter (aged 6-8 months). twenty-nine case kidneys (with a "white-spotted" gross appearance) classified into 3 macroscopic lesional grades, and 15 control kidneys (lacking gross lesions), were obtained from a pig abattoir. labora ... | 2006 | 16332382 |
| aphid (hemiptera: aphididae) species composition and potential aphid vectors of plum pox virus in pennsylvania peach orchards. | plum pox, an invasive disease recently identified in pennsylvania stone fruit orchards, is caused by the aphid-transmitted plum pox virus (genus potyvirus, family potyviridae, ppv). to identify potential vectors, we described the aphid species communities and the seasonal dynamics of the dominant aphid species within pennsylvania peach orchards. aphids were trapped weekly in 2002 and 2003 from mid-april through mid-november within two central pennsylvania orchards by using yellow and green water ... | 2005 | 16334309 |
| clinical validation of the neuroscreen. | the neuroscreen comprises two easily administered components: the brief neurocognitive screen (bncs), designed to estimate the frequency of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-associated cognitive disorders; and the brief peripheral neuropathy screen (bpns), for distal sensory polyneuropathy (dspn) in hiv. in this study, both the neuroscreen and a more extensive standardized validation neurodiagnostic evaluation were administered to hiv-positive subjects (n = 301) enrolled in two large cohort stu ... | 2005 | 16338744 |
| noninvasive assessment of liver steatosis, fibrosis and inflammation in chronic hepatitis c virus infection. | duplex-doppler ultrasound is a noninvasive method for the assessment of hepatic hemodynamics beyond conventional gray-scale imaging. the clinical value of the method for the grading and staging of chronic hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection and the prediction of hepatic steatosis still has to be determined. this study aimed to compare duplex-doppler and ultrasound with the histologic staging and the estimation of hepatic steatosis in chronic hcv infection. | 2005 | 16343065 |
| the complete genome sequence of an el amar isolate of plum pox virus (ppv) and its phylogenetic relationship to other ppv strains. | the genomic sequence of an el amar isolate of plum pox virus (ppv) from egypt was determined by sequencing overlapping cdna fragments. this is the first complete sequence of a member of the el amar (ea) strain of ppv. the genome consists of 9791 nt, excluding a poly(a) tail at the 3' terminus. the complete nt sequence of ppv ea is 79-80%, 80%, 77%, and 77% homologous with isolates of strains d/m, rec (bor3), c, and w, respectively. the polyprotein identity ranged from 87-91%. phylogenetic analys ... | 2006 | 16397750 |
| the recombinant nonstructural polyprotein ns1 of porcine parvovirus (ppv) as diagnostic antigen in elisa to differentiate infected from vaccinated pigs. | to differentiate pigs infected with porcine parvovirus (ppv) from those vaccinated with inactivated whole-virus vaccine, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) based on detection of a nonstructural polyprotein 1 (ns1) was developed. a threshold of 0.23 optical density units was established and the assay had high specificity (100), sensitivity (88), accuracy (90) and positive predictive value (100) using haemagglutination inhibition as the standard method. a reproducibility test revealed th ... | 2006 | 16400603 |
| immune complex-based vaccine for pig protection against parvovirus. | the insoluble immune complexes (ics) were prepared under the conditions of double immunodiffusion in gel, using the suspension of the ultrasound treated pk-15 cell-line infected with porcine parvovirus (ppv) containing both viral particles and viral proteins, as well as pig or rabbit anti-ppv polyclonal immune sera. the immunodiffusion performed in an agarose gel allows only viral subunits with a molecular mass equal to or less than 1000 kda, rather than the viral particles, to diffuse through t ... | 2006 | 16460351 |
| a serological survey of selected pathogens in wild boar in slovenia. | serum samples collected from 178 shot wild boars (sus scrofa) were tested for the presence of antibodies against classical swine fever virus, aujeszky's disease virus (adv), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, porcine respiratory coronavirus (prcv), transmissible gastroenteritis virus, swine influenza virus, porcine parvovirus (ppv), swine vesicular disease virus, actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (app), mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, salmonella spp., brucella spp. and haemophilus para ... | 2006 | 16460352 |
| real-time pcr protocol for the detection of porcine parvovirus in field samples. | this report describes a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay with sybr green for detection of a broad range of porcine parvoviruses (ppv) and accurate virus quantification in porcine tissues. the assay targets the vp2 gene of ppv and the porcine genomic c-myc gene for normalization. the detection limit of the sybr green reaction was shown to be equivalent to 6 x 10(0) to 6 x 10(1) ppv copies/reaction and the overall detection limit equivalent to 0.1 tcid(50)/100 microl. the assay was linear ... | 2006 | 16472875 |
| distinct viral populations differentiate and evolve independently in a single perennial host plant. | the complex structure of virus populations has been the object of intensive study in bacteria, animals, and plants for over a decade. while it is clear that tremendous genetic diversity is rapidly generated during viral replication, the distribution of this diversity within a single host remains an obscure area in this field of science. among animal viruses, only human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis c virus populations have recently been thoroughly investigated at an intrahost level, where ... | 2006 | 16474141 |
| microrna-guided processing impairs plum pox virus replication, but the virus readily evolves to escape this silencing mechanism. | since the discovery of microrna (mirna)-guided processing, a new type of rna silencing, the possibility that such a mechanism could play a role in virus defense has been proposed. in this work, we have analyzed whether plum pox virus (ppv) chimeras bearing mirna target sequences (mir171, mir167, and mir159), which have been reported to be functional in arabidopsis, were affected by mirna function in three different host plants. some of these ppv chimeras had clearly impaired infectivity compared ... | 2006 | 16474149 |
| ppv long-distance movement is occasionally permitted in resistant apricot hosts. | the interactions between plum pox virus (ppv), a member of the potyvirus genus, and prunus host plants are, up to now, poorly understood. in the current paper, fluorescence stereomicroscopy, in situ hybridisation and immunogold detection were performed in order to evaluate the virus transport and cellular distribution. the behavior of ppv in several susceptible (cv. "moniqui" and "screara") and resistant apricot genotypes (cv. "harlayne", "henderson", "harcot", "goldrich", "stella" and "stark ea ... | 2006 | 16504333 |
| a colorimetric assay for viral agents that produce cytopathic effects. | many animal viruses produce cytopathic effects in their host cells during a productive infection. while some virus infections can be assayed by the production of plaques, many viruses, while producing cytotoxicity, do not easily form plaques, or do not form plaques at all. additionally, viruses within families such as the parvoviruses may have different preferred forms of titration making comparative virology difficult even among related groups. porcine parvovirus (ppv), canine parvovirus (cpv), ... | 2006 | 16516983 |
| plum pox virus induces differential gene expression in the partially resistant stone fruit tree prunus armeniaca cv. goldrich. | we investigated the changes in the expression profiles of the partially resistant apricot (prunus armeniaca l.) cultivar goldrich following inoculation with plum pox virus (ppv) using cdna-amplification fragment length polymorphism (aflp). altered expression patterns were detected and twenty-one differentially expressed cdna had homologies with genes in databases coding for proteins involved in metabolism, signal transduction, defense, stress and intra/intercellular connections. seven of the mod ... | 2006 | 16564142 |
| identification of a plum pox virus ci-interacting protein from chloroplast that has a negative effect in virus infection. | the cylindrical inclusion (ci) protein of potyviruses is involved in virus replication and cell-to-cell movement. these two processes should rely on multiple plant-virus interactions; however, little is known about the host factors that are involved in, or that may interfere with, ci functions. by using a yeast two-hybrid system, the ci protein from plum pox virus (ppv) was found to interact with the photosystem i psi-k protein, the product of the gene psak, of nicotiana benthamiana. coexpressio ... | 2006 | 16570664 |
| single-assay combination of epstein-barr virus (ebv) ebna1- and viral capsid antigen-p18-derived synthetic peptides for measuring anti-ebv immunoglobulin g (igg) and iga antibody levels in sera from nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients: options for field screening. | assessment of immunoglobulin a (iga) antibody responses to various epstein-barr virus (ebv) antigen complexes, usually involving multiple serological assays, is important for the early diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (npc). through combination of two synthetic peptides representing immunodominant epitopes of ebna1 and viral capsid antigen (vca)-p18 we developed a one-step sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the specific detection of ebv reactive igg and iga antibodies in ... | 2006 | 16597877 |
| prevalence of human papilloma virus infection of the uterine cervix in women with abnormal cervical cytology. | to determine the prevalence of human papillomavirus (hpv) using polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in women with abnormal cytology results. | 2006 | 16620054 |
| asian prunus viruses: new related members of the family flexiviridae in prunus germplasm of asian origin. | serological reactivity to plum pox virus (ppv) antisera has been described in several prunus sources of asian origin that are free of ppv infection. using polyvalent or specific pcr assays, the presence of three closely related agents in two of these sources, prunus mume cv. bungo and p. persica cv. ku chu'a hung, was demonstrated. similarities in genome organization and sequence comparisons indicate that these agents should be regarded as members of the genus foveavirus, their only singular tra ... | 2006 | 16621102 |
| multiple resistance traits control plum pox virus infection in arabidopsis thaliana. | twelve arabidopsis accessions were challenged with plum pox potyvirus (ppv) isolates representative of the four ppv strains. each accession supported local and systemic infection by at least some of the ppv isolates, but high variability was observed in the behavior of the five ppv isolates or the 12 arabidopsis accessions. resistance to local infection or long-distance movement occurred in about 40% of all the accession-isolate combinations analyzed. except for nd-1, all accessions showed resis ... | 2006 | 16673941 |
| assessment of the performance of a definition of a suspected measles case: implications for measles surveillance. | to assess the performance, in brazil, of the definition of a suspected measles case among patients with rash diseases that has been adopted in brazil and many other countries. | 2006 | 16723063 |
| in vitro exposure of preimplantation porcine embryos to porcine parvovirus. | early porcine embryos at the four- to eight-cell stage can be infected with either the virulent (nadl-8) or avirulent kbsh strain of porcine parvovirus (ppv) by microinjection or by incubation of embryos with virus. treatment of embryos by microinjection of virus or incubation in media with virus did not significantly inhibit in vitro development of the embryos when compared with untreated controls. rna-dna hybridization was used to identify the presence of virus associated with embryos. it was ... | 1990 | 16726750 |
| a novel recombinant virus-like particle vaccine for prevention of porcine parvovirus-induced reproductive failure. | a novel vaccine against porcine parvovirus (ppv), composed of recombinant virus-like particles (ppv-vlps) produced with the baculovirus expression vector system (bevs) at industrial scale, was tested for its immunogenicity and protective potency. a formulation of submicrogram amounts of ppv-vlps in a water-in-mineral oil adjuvant evoked high serum antibody titres in both guinea pigs, used as reference model, and target species, pigs. a single immunisation with 0.7microg of this antigen yielded c ... | 2006 | 16730104 |
| the complete nucleotide sequence of the plum pox virus el amar isolate. | | 2006 | 16732422 |
| dna microarraying on compact disc surfaces. application to the analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms in plum pox virus. | the potential of using compact discs as high throughput screening platforms for dna microarraying is discussed and applied to discriminate genetic variations of plum pox virus. | 2006 | 16733582 |
| dna ploidy compared with human papilloma virus testing (hybrid capture ii) and conventional cervical cytology as a primary screening test for cervical high-grade lesions and cancer in 1555 patients with biopsy confirmation. | because 80% of cervical cancers arise in low-resource settings, many inexpensive strategies are being tested. in that spirit, the authors are testing large-scale genomic or dna ploidy measurements as an inexpensive and semiautomated strategy. | 2006 | 16773634 |
| transfection of arabidopsis protoplasts with a plum pox virus (ppv) infectious clone for studying early molecular events associated with ppv infection. | the development of novel strategies against plant viral diseases relies on a better understanding of molecular virus-host interactions. here, we report an easy, efficient and reproducible protocol for arabidopsis protoplast isolation and transfection to study the infection and replication of a potyvirus, plum pox virus (ppv). macerozyme and cellulose were used to release protoplasts from arabidopsis leaf tissues, and polyethylene glycol-mediated dna uptake was employed for transfection of a ppv ... | 2006 | 16777241 |
| viral kinetics and early prediction of nonresponse to peg-ifn-alpha-2b plus ribavirin in hcv genotypes 1/4 according to hiv serostatus. | to evaluate, among 70 hepatitis c virus (hcv)-monoinfected and 36 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-coinfected naïve patients with genotypes 1/4 receiving weight-adjusted pegylated interferon-alpha-2b/ribavirin, viral kinetics and the feasibility to predict treatment failure measuring early hcv-rna decreases. hcv-rna was assessed at baseline, weeks 4, 12 and 24. receiver operating characteristic (roc) curves were calculated to determine the most sensitive cut-off values of viral decrease at wee ... | 2006 | 16792540 |
| oral candidosis and oral hairy leukoplakia as predictors of haart failure in brazilian hiv-infected patients. | oral candidosis (oc) and hairy leukoplakia (ohl) are important markers of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection immune status. | 2006 | 16792726 |
| use of cytokine polymorphisms and epstein-barr virus viral load to predict development of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder in paediatric liver transplant recipients. | currently there are no tests to accurately identify paediatric liver transplant patients at risk for post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (ptld). herein we describe the use of cytokine polymorphisms and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) epstein-barr virus (ebv) viral load to identify patients at risk for ptld development. | 2006 | 16824159 |
| detection of 6k1 as a mature protein of 6 kda in plum pox virus-infected nicotiana benthamiana. | the rna genome of plum pox virus (ppv) encodes one large polyprotein that is subsequently cleaved into mature viral proteins. one of the products of proteolytic processing, the 6k1 protein, has not yet been identified in vivo for any member of the genus potyvirus. in this study, 6k1-specific polyclonal antiserum was raised against ppv 6k1 expressed in escherichia coli as a translational fusion with the n terminus of avian troponin c and an unusual metal-binding cluster of troponin t-1. for detec ... | 2006 | 16847134 |
| characterization of the recombinant forms arising from a potato virus x chimeric virus infection under rna silencing pressure. | recombination is a frequent phenomenon in rna viruses whose net result is largely influenced by selective pressures. rna silencing in plants acts as a defense mechanism against viruses and can be used to engineer virus resistance. here, we have investigated the influence of rna silencing as a selective pressure to favor recombinants of pvx-hct, a chimeric potato virus x (pvx) vector carrying the helper-component proteinase (hc-pro) gene from plum pox virus (ppv). all the plants from two lines ex ... | 2006 | 16903356 |
| different viral kinetics between hepatitis c virus genotype 1 and 2 as on-treatment predictors of response to a 24-week course of high-dose interferon-alpha plus ribavirin combination therapy. | to elucidate the genotype-specific virus-host-drug interaction and the on-treatment viral kinetics in predicting sustained virologic response (svr), serial serum hepatitis c virus (hcv) ribonucleic acid (rna) levels at baseline, treatment week 2 (w2), treatment week 4 (w4), and treatment week 12 (w12) were measured in 199 chronic hcv-infected taiwanese patients receiving interferon-alpha (inf-alpha) 6 million units (mu) three times weekly plus 1000 to 1200 mg/day of ribavirin for 24 weeks. the s ... | 2006 | 16938649 |
| accurate model predicting sustained response at week 4 of therapy with pegylated interferon with ribavirin in patients with chronic hepatitis c. | current models used to predict response to peginterferon plus ribavirin treatment, based on viral decline during the first 12 weeks of therapy, have focused on creating an early stopping rule to avoid unnecessary prolongation of therapy. we developed a multivariate model that predicted sustained virological response and nonresponse at baseline and during the first 12 weeks of therapy using collected data from 186 unselected patients with chronic hepatitis c treated with peginterferon plus ribavi ... | 2006 | 16970602 |
| rna silencing suppression by a second copy of the p1 serine protease of cucumber vein yellowing ipomovirus, a member of the family potyviridae that lacks the cysteine protease hcpro. | the p1 protein of viruses of the family potyviridae is a serine proteinase, which is highly variable in length and sequence, and its role in the virus infection cycle is not clear. one of the proposed activities of p1 is to assist hcpro, the product that viruses of the genus potyvirus use to counteract antiviral defense mediated by rna silencing. indeed, an hcpro-coding region is present in all the genomes of members of the genera potyvirus, rymovirus, and tritimovirus that have been sequenced. ... | 2006 | 17005683 |
| immunogenicity, safety, and predictors of response after a pneumococcal conjugate and pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine series in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. | the immunogenicity and safety of 2 doses of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (pcv) and 1 dose of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (ppv) were evaluated in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected children receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart). | 2006 | 17006288 |
| use of reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification for the detection of plum pox virus. | a one step, accelerated reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) procedure was developed for the detection of plum pox virus (ppv). the six primers required for accelerated rt-lamp were designed using a conserved region in the c-terminus of the coat protein coding region of ppv. rt-lamp was used to detect isolates of five strains of ppv including the strains d, m, ea, c, and w. the virus was detected reliably in both infected herbaceous and woody hosts. rt-lamp was ... | 2006 | 17011051 |
| mapping of two o-glcnac modification sites in the capsid protein of the potyvirus plum pox virus. | a large number of o-linked n-acetylglucosamine (o-glcnac) residues have been mapped in vertebrate proteins, however targets of o-glcnacylation in plants still have not been characterized. we show here that o-glcnacylation of the n-terminal region of the capsid protein of plum pox virus resembles that of animal proteins in introducing o-glcnac monomers. thr-19 and thr-24 were specifically o-glcnacylated. these residues are surrounded by amino acids typical of animal o-glcnac acceptor sites, sugge ... | 2006 | 17014851 |
| salicylic acid-mediated and rna-silencing defense mechanisms cooperate in the restriction of systemic spread of plum pox virus in tobacco. | plum pox virus (ppv) is able to replicate in inoculated leaves of nicotiana tabacum, but is defective in systemic movement in this host. however, ppv produces a systemic infection in transgenic tobacco expressing the silencing suppressor p1/hc-pro from tobacco etch virus (tev). in this work we show that ppv is able to move to upper non-inoculated leaves of tobacco plants expressing bacterial salicylate hydroxylase (nahg) that degrades salicylic acid (sa). replication and accumulation of ppv is h ... | 2006 | 17018032 |
| secret agent, an arabidopsis thaliana o-glcnac transferase, modifies the plum pox virus capsid protein. | the capsid protein of plum pox virus (ppv-cp) is modified with o-linked glcnac (o-glcnac). while arabidopsis has two o-glcnac transferases, secret agent (sec) and spindly (spy), previous work suggests that sec modifies ppv-cp and that the modification plays a role in the infection process. here, we show that when co-expressed in escherichia coli sec modifies ppv-cp. deletion mapping and site-directed mutagenesis identified three threonine and a serine located near the n-terminus of ppv-cp that a ... | 2006 | 17027982 |
| production of plum pox virus hc-pro functionally active for aphid transmission in a transient-expression system. | potyviruses are non-persistently transmitted by aphid vectors with the assistance of a viral accessory factor known as helper component (hc-pro), a multifunctional protein that is also involved in many other essential processes during the virus infection cycle. a transient agrobacterium-mediated expression system was used to produce plum pox virus (ppv) hc-pro in nicotiana benthamiana leaves from constructs that incorporated the 5' region of the genome, yielding high levels of hc-pro in agroinfi ... | 2006 | 17030878 |
| upregulation of telomerase (htert) is related to the grade of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, but is not an independent predictor of high-risk human papillomavirus, virus persistence, or disease outcome in cervical cancer. | telomerase activation and telomere maintenance are essential for cell immortalization and represent a rate-limiting step in cancer progression. the e6 oncoprotein of high-risk human papillomavirus (hpv) is known to activate telomerase, but its expression in cin lesions and its prognostic value in cervical cancer (cc) are still incompletely understood. as part of our hpv-pathogeniss study, a series of 150 ccs and 152 cin lesions were examined using immunohistochemical (ihc) staining for htert (te ... | 2006 | 17041957 |
| the apoplastic antioxidant system in prunus: response to long-term plum pox virus infection. | this work describes, for the first time, the changes taking place in the antioxidative system of the leaf apoplast in response to plum pox virus (ppv) in different prunus species showing different susceptibilities to ppv. the presence of p-hydroxymercuribenzoic acid (phmb)-sensitive ascorbate peroxidase (apx) (class i apx) and phmb-insensitive apx (class iii apx), superoxide dismutase (sod), peroxidase (pox), nadh-pox, and polyphenoloxidase (ppo) was described in the apoplast from both peach and ... | 2006 | 17043083 |
| isothermal amplification coupled with rapid flow-through hybridisation for sensitive diagnosis of plum pox virus. | a nucleic acid sequence-based amplification method coupled with rapid flow-through hybridisation (nasba-fh) was developed for diagnosis of plum pox virus (ppv). the sensitivity level achieved by nasba-fh was 10 times higher than that obtained by co-pcr and 1000 times higher than the sensitivity afforded by rt-pcr. in addition, samples from 262 stone-fruit trees collected during winter and spring seasons were analysed. these samples were tested using methods recommended by the european and medite ... | 2007 | 17092572 |
| sensitivity and specificity of current diagnostic tests for gill-associated virus in penaeus monodon. | this study reports the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (ppv), negative predictive value (npv) and accuracy between a reverse transcriptase-nested polymerase chain reaction (rt-npcr) and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the detection of gill-associated virus (gav) from a sample of 120 penaeus monodon. subsequently, the same comparisons were applied to the elisa and haemagglutination (ha) assays for detection of gav from a second 120 prawns. the optical density ... | 2006 | 17169111 |
| study of the virulence and cross-neutralization capability of recent porcine parvovirus field isolates and vaccine viruses in experimentally infected pregnant gilts. | the pathogenicity of two recent german field isolates of porcine parvovirus (ppv-27a and ppv-143a) and two vaccine viruses [ppv-nadl-2 and ppv-idt (msv)], which are used for the production of inactivated vaccines, was investigated by inoculation of pregnant sows at day 40 of gestation. post-infection sera of these sows as well as antisera prepared in rabbits by immunization with the four above-mentioned ppv isolates and with the virulent strain ppv-challenge (engl.) were tested for their homolog ... | 2007 | 17251558 |
| use of pentapeptide-insertion scanning mutagenesis for functional mapping of the plum pox virus helper component proteinase suppressor of gene silencing. | helper component proteinase (hc-pro) of plum pox virus is a multifunctional potyvirus protein that has been examined intensively. in addition to its involvement in aphid transmission, genome amplification and long-distance movement, it is also one of the better-studied plant virus suppressors of rna silencing. the first systematic analysis using pentapeptide-insertion scanning mutagenesis of the silencing suppression function of a potyvirus hc-pro is presented here. sixty-three in-frame insertio ... | 2007 | 17325375 |
| immunohistochemical detection of p16ink4a in liquid-based cytology specimens on cell block sections. | colposcopy biopsy procedure is a standard recommendation for atypical squamous cell cannot exclude high-grade lesion (asc-h) in abnormal papanicolaou smears. p16 (p16ink4a), a cell cycle regulator, has been shown to be overexpressed in squamous dysplasia. to further improve the diagnostic accuracy of the asc-h papanicolaou smear and to reduce unnecessary procedures, the authors evaluated the utility of immunodetection of p16 in liquid-based cytology specimens on cell blocks. | 2007 | 17330305 |
| comparison of the "prodect bcs rv chip" assay with the combination of shell vial cell culture and immunofluorescence antibody test for the detection of respiratory viruses. | in the present study, a multiplex reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction combined with a chip hybridization assay (prodect bcs rv chip) was evaluated as an alternative to the combination of immunofluorescent antibody test and shell vial cell culture considered as gold standard for the detection of respiratory viruses. among 100 specimens, 40 were positive using the combination of immunofluorescent antibody test and shell vial cell culture assay in which 9 of them were infected by two di ... | 2007 | 17433455 |