| theiler's virus infection in mice: an unusual biphasic disease process leading to demyelination. | an unusual biphasic central nervous system disease developed in 3-week-old swiss outbred mice after intracerebral inoculation of the da strain of theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus. nine to 20 days postinfection 86% of mice became paralyzed, and approximately one-half of these animals survived. during this period neuronal necrosis and microglial proliferation were seen in thalamus, brainstem, and spinal cord. there was an initial phase of virus growth in spinal cord followed by persistent ... | 1975 | 164412 |
| cellular immunity in chronic theiler's virus central nervous system infection. | after (ic) inoculation of the da strain of tmev, sjl/j mice develop chronic cns infection with marked mononuclear cell infiltration of spinal cord leptomeninges and white matter and concomitant demyelination. in the present study the temporal course of cell-mediated and humoral immune responses to virus were measured in this infection. it was shown that chronic tmev infection is associated with the development of immunologically specific spleen cell reactivity as judged by in vitro incorporation ... | 1976 | 181490 |
| demyelinative myelopathy in mice induced by the da virus. | an attenuated tissue culture adapted strain of da virus, an agent related to the theiler murine encephalomyelitis viruses (tmev), was used to induce a chronic myelopathy in mice. spastic paraparesis first appeared 5 months after weanings were inoculated intracerebrally with the virus. none died as a direct result of the infection, and none improved once paretic. the major pathological change in these mice was demyelination of thoracic segments of spinal cord. no clinical illness or demyelinative ... | 1976 | 185333 |
| contrasting effects of immunosuppression on theiler's virus infection in mice. | in the present study, cyclophosphamide and rabbit anti-mouse thymocyte serum were used to immunosuppress sjl/j mice infected with theiler's mouse encephalomyelitis virus (tmev) in order to delineate the potential mechanism(s) of virus-induced cellular injury in this infection. whereas both immunosuppressive agents produced a significant increase in mortality, this treatment had differing effects on the pathological involvement of gray and white-matter structures in the central nervous system. th ... | 1977 | 192679 |
| serologic study on the prevalence of murine viruses in five canadian mouse colonies. | a serologic study was made of five canadian mouse colonies to determine the prevalence of antibodies to 11 murine viruses. a total of 139 sera from the five colonies were evaluated by complement fixation or hemagglutination inhibition methods. viral antibodies were present in all five colonies. antibodies to pneumonia virus of mice, minute virus of mice, theiler's encephalomyelitis virus, and reovirus type 3 were found in all five colonies. k-virus antibodies were present in four colonies. polyo ... | 1977 | 201796 |
| central nervous system immunity in mice infected with theiler's virus. i. local neutralizing antibody response. | experimental theiler's mouse encephalomyelitis virus (tmev) infection in mice is atypical of most other picornavirus infections because virus persists in the host. it was shown previously that low levels of infectious virus are readily detectable in the central nervous system (cns) despite the presence of substantial titers of serum neutralizing antibody. in this study antibody assays were performed on cns tissue homogenates, and neutralizing antibody was regularly found in the cns of tmev-infec ... | 1978 | 203636 |
| susceptibility of inbred mice to chronic central nervous system infection by theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus. | the present study demonstrated that the clinicopathological expression of the late demyelinating disease due to chronic central nervous system infection by theiler's mouse encephalomyelitis virus was dependent, at least in part, on the strain of mouse used as host. a range of involvement was observed, with late disease being most severe in the sjl strain, intermediate in the cba and c3h/he strains, and least in c57bl/6 mice. the lack of clinical signs in seven other inbred strains of mice indica ... | 1979 | 500211 |
| recurrent demyelination in chronic central nervous system infection produced by theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus. | a morphologic study of demyelination produced by theiler's encephalomyelitis virus (tmev) infection in c3h/he mice was performed. demyelination in this strain of mouse was less intense and had a milder gliomesodermal response than that observed in sjl mice. as early as 80 days after infection numerous remyelinated axons were present in c3h/he mice, and later, extensive remyelination was observed and was mainly by schwann cells. about one-third of remyelinated plaques showed recurrent demyelinati ... | 1979 | 512673 |
| a new model of persistent viral infection with primary demyelination. | theiler's encephalomyelitis virus (tmev) in mice represents one of the few existing animal models of virus-induced demyelination and may provide further information about the human disease, multiple sclerosis. an inbred strain of mice (sjl/j) employed in the present ultrastructural study, develops a life-long neurologic illness characterized by profound spasticity after intracerebral inoculation of tmev. anesthetized animals were sacrificed sequentially by total body perfusion with gluteraldehyd ... | 1977 | 616547 |
| chronic neurologic disease in theiler's virus infection of sjl/j mice. | this study demonstrates that most sjl/j mice inoculated intracerebrally (ic) with 1000 suckling mouse 50% mean lethal doses of theiler's encephalomyelitis virus (tmev) develop flaccid paralysis 10-21 days after infection when there is acute spinal cord gray matter involvement (early disease). surviving mice later develop a distinctive chronic neurologic disorder which is associated with marked mononuclear cell infiltrates and active demyelination in spinal cord white matter (late disease). moreo ... | 1976 | 978224 |
| three-dimensional structure of theiler murine encephalomyelitis virus (bean strain). | depending on the strain, theiler murine encephalomyelitis virus (tmev) may cause acute encephalitis or chronic demyelinating disease, which is associated with viral persistence in mice. persistent central nervous system infection and demyelination by the less-virulent tmev has provided a useful animal model for the human demyelinating disease multiple sclerosis. the less-virulent bean strain of tmev was crystallized and its atomic structure was determined by x-ray crystallography. the alpha-carb ... | 1992 | 1312722 |
| neuronal cell cultures as a model for assessing neurotoxicity induced by encephalitic viruses. | primary dispersed and organotypic cultures were prepared from selected brain areas and spinal cords of rat (sprague-dawley) and mouse (sjl/ola(f) ness-ziona) fetuses and neonates. following fiber regeneration, synapse formation and myelination, cultures were infected with one of the following viruses: rabies cvs-21 strain, sindbis alphavirus, west-nile flavivirus and theiler murine encephalomyelitis virus. light and electron microscopical studies showed clear differences in the target cells for ... | 1992 | 1324447 |
| the immunopathogenesis of a viral model of multiple sclerosis: theiler's virus induced demyelination. | most studies suggest that the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (ms) is based on immune mechanisms of myelin injury. in addition, a viral infection, possibly established in the first few years of the patient's life, may be crucial in setting the stage for such immune mediated injury when acting on the appropriate genetic background. of the several models of virus-induced demyelination described in the last two decades, theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (tmev) infection has emerged as one ... | 1992 | 1345736 |
| igg subclass responses to theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus infection and immunization suggest a dominant role for th1 cells in susceptible mouse strains. | inbred mouse strains differ in susceptibility to theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (tmev)-induced demyelinating disease. a strong correlation between disease susceptibility and delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth) has been previously demonstrated, but no strong correlation between disease susceptibility and total anti-tmev elisa titres was shown. since both dth and igg2a antibody production are regulated by cd4+ th1 cells, we investigated three strains of mice to determine whether antiviru ... | 1992 | 1350571 |
| identification and localization of a limited number of predominant conformation-independent antibody epitopes of theiler's murine encephalomyelitus virus. | theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (tmev)-induced demyelinating disease in mice is a well established animal model for human multiple sclerosis (ms). identification of pathogenic epitopes may be helpful in understanding the pathogenesis of this immune-mediated disease. in order to analyze the viral epitopes, we have generated approx. 150 recombinant lambda gt11 clones expressing various capsid areas of tmev. six predominant areas, ranging from 13-26 amino acid residues, (3 in vp1, 2 in vp2 ... | 1992 | 1371268 |
| the interaction of two groups of murine genes determines the persistence of theiler's virus in the central nervous system. | theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus is responsible for a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system of the mouse. the disease is associated with persistent viral infection of the spinal cord. some strains of mice are susceptible to viral infection, and other strains are resistant. the effect of the genetic background of the host on viral persistence has not been thoroughly investigated. we studied the amount of viral rna in the spinal cords of 17 inbred strains ... | 1992 | 1378508 |
| cap-independent translation by the 5' untranslated region of theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus. | the rna genome of theiler's murine encephalomyelitis viruses, a picornavirus belonging to the genus cardiovirus, is translated in infected cells to a polyprotein. unlike cellular messages, the 5' end of the rna is not capped, and the untranslated region (utr) is quite long (1,064 nucleotides in size). in poliovirus and encephalomyocarditis virus, the 5'utr is thought to mediate cap-independent translation. we report here experiments to determine the role of the theiler's murine encephalomyelitis ... | 1992 | 1404591 |
| coexpression of class i major histocompatibility antigen and viral rna in central nervous system of mice infected with theiler's virus: a model for multiple sclerosis. | chronic infection of susceptible strains of mice with theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (tmev) results in central nervous system (cns) demyelination similar to multiple sclerosis. demyelination induced by tmev is mediated, in part, by class i-restricted cd8+ t lymphocytes. for these t cells to function, they must recognize virus-infected cns targets in the presence of class i major histocompatibility complex (mhc) antigen. therefore, we studied in vivo expression of class i mhc antigen an ... | 1992 | 1434926 |
| a single base deletion in the 5' noncoding region of theiler's virus attenuates neurovirulence. | viral chimeras have been constructed through in vitro manipulations of the infectious cdna clones of two prototypes of theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus: (i) the virulent gdvii strain and (ii) the less virulent bean and vl strains. previous studies have suggested that the phenotypic differences in virulence between the bean and gdvii strains map to both the 5' noncoding and the coat protein regions of these viral genomes. it is shown here that attenuation mapped to the 5' noncoding region ... | 1992 | 1548749 |
| three-dimensional structure of theiler virus. | theiler murine encephalomyelitis virus strains are categorized into two groups, a neurovirulent group that rapidly kills the host, and a demyelinating group that causes a generally nonlethal infection of motor neurons followed by a persistent infection of the white matter with demyelinating lesions similar to those found in multiple sclerosis. the three-dimensional structure of the da strain, a member of the demyelinating group, has been determined at 2.8 a resolution. as in other picornaviruses ... | 1992 | 1549565 |
| conservation of rna-protein interactions among picornaviruses. | picornavirus genomes encode unique 5' noncoding regions (5' ncrs) which are approximately 600 to 1,300 nucleotides in length, contain multiple upstream aug codons, and display the ability to form extensive secondary structures. a number of recent reports have shown that picornavirus 5' ncrs are able to facilitate cap-independent internal initiation of translation. this mechanism of translation occurs in the absence of viral gene products, suggesting that the host cell contains the necessary comp ... | 1992 | 1602550 |
| influence of theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus 5' untranslated region on translation and neurovirulence. | the da strain of theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (tmev), a picornavirus, causes a persistent, restricted infection and demyelinating disease in mice. in contrast, the gdvii strain causes an acute, fatal, neuronal disease and is highly neurovirulent. to investigate the role of the tmev 5' untranslated region (utr) in translational efficiency and the tmev subgroup differences, we tested the translational efficiency of transcripts in vitro derived from plasmids containing da, gdvii, or da/ ... | 1992 | 1602556 |
| susceptibility to theiler's virus-induced demyelinating disease correlates with astrocyte class ii induction and antigen presentation. | theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (tmev) is a picornavirus which induces a chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (cns) in certain susceptible mouse strains. demyelination has been shown to result from immunopathological responses mediated by cd4+, major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class ii-restricted t cells. as little or no class ii is expressed in the normal mouse cns, the ability of astrocytes to express these proteins and present antigen to t cells from tmev ... | 1992 | 1628891 |
| the role of cd8+t cells in the acute and chronic phases of theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus-induced disease in mice. | the technique of in vivo depletion with t cell subset-specific monoclonal antibodies was used to study the involvement of cd8+t cells in protection/pathogenesis during the acute and chronic demyelinating phases of theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (tmev)-induced disease. mice rendered cd8-deficient prior to infection with tmev were less efficient at clearing virus from the central nervous system compared to intact animals and also suffered demyelinating disease of earlier onset and increa ... | 1992 | 1629706 |
| cytotoxic t cells isolated from the central nervous systems of mice infected with theiler's virus. | intracerebral inoculation of resistant mice (c57bl/10snj) with theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (tmev) results in acute encephalitis followed by subsequent clearance of virus from the central nervous system (cns). in contrast, infection of susceptible mice (sjl/j) results in virus persistence and chronic immune-mediated demyelination. both resistance and susceptibility to tmev-induced disease appear to be immune mediated, since immunosuppression results in enhanced encephalitis in resist ... | 1991 | 1658365 |
| class ii-restricted t cell responses in theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (tmev)-induced demyelinating disease. iii. failure of neuroantigen-specific immune tolerance to affect the clinical course of demyelination. | intracerebral inoculation of theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (tmev) into susceptible mouse strains produces a chronic demyelinating disease in which mononuclear cell-rich infiltrates in the central nervous system (cns) are prominent. current evidence strongly supports an immune-mediated basis for myelin breakdown, with an effector role proposed for tmev-specific, major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class ii-restricted delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth) responses in which lymphokine- ... | 1990 | 1688446 |
| detection of restricted predominant epitopes of theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus capsid proteins expressed in the lambda gt11 system: differential patterns of antibody reactivity among different mouse strains. | intracerebral injection of mice with theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus results in chronic demyelination in susceptible strains, and serves as a model system for the study of multiple sclerosis. the role of individual epitopes in the disease process remains to be elucidated. random fragments of dna from the viral capsid protein genome covering the coding regions from vp1, vp2, and vp3 have been expressed in the lambda gt11 vector system. fusion proteins from the clones were expressed and p ... | 1990 | 1692032 |
| monoclonal antibody to theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus defines a determinant on myelin and oligodendrocytes, and augments demyelination in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. | theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (tmev) causes a chronic demyelinating disease in mice. the mechanisms underlying the demyelination have not been fully elucidated. we have raised a mab to tmev (da strain), h8, that reacts both with tmev vp-1 and galactocerebroside (gc). in mouse brain cultures, cells positive for the mab h8 epitope were double labeled with antibody to myelin basic protein, indicating that those cells were oligodendrocytes. further, mab h8 could immunostain myelin structu ... | 1990 | 1693653 |
| direct evidence of a role for amino acid 101 of vp-1 in central nervous system disease in theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus infection. | the da virus, a member of the to subgroup of theiler's virus, invokes a chronic demyelinating disease in its natural host, the mouse, rna transcripts from a cdna clone, pdafl3, are infectious, and the resulting virus, dafl3, produces in mice a disease indistinguishable from that caused by the da virus. using oligonucleotide-directed site-specific mutagenesis, a single nucleotide, cytosine at position 3305 (viral genome), was changed in this infectious cdna to a thymine. the mutated nucleotide is ... | 1991 | 1705992 |
| class ii-restricted t cell responses in theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus-induced demyelinating disease. iv. identification of an immunodominant t cell determinant on the n-terminal end of the vp2 capsid protein in susceptible sjl/j mice. | theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (tmev)-induced demyelinating disease serves as a relevant animal model of human multiple sclerosis. myelin damage induced by tmev infection appears to be immune mediated. disease susceptibility correlates best with the temporal development of chronic, high levels of tmev-specific, mhc class ii-restricted delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth) responses. we have proposed a model wherein these responses result in cns demyelination via a macrophage-mediated ter ... | 1991 | 1706400 |
| il-1, il-2 and ifn-gamma production by theiler's virus-induced encephalomyelitic sjl/j mice. | interleukins have been postulated to exert an important modulatory and recruiting role in the theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (tmev)-induced demyelination of the central nervous system (cns) in sjl/j mice. using bio- and radioimmunoassays, we have detected and quantified some of the interleukins suspected to play a role in this immune-mediated process. the interleukins 1 and 2 (il-1, il-2) and interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) have been measured in homogenates from the cns and sera from infe ... | 1991 | 1748475 |
| hierarchy of effects of the mhc and t cell receptor beta-chain genes in susceptibility to theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus-induced demyelinating disease. | intracerebral inoculation of susceptible mice with theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus induces a demyelinating disease that is similar to human multiple sclerosis. this murine model for human multiple sclerosis is apparently immune-mediated and the genes involved in the immune response influence the outcome of disease susceptibility as observed with human multiple sclerosis. these genes include the mhc and tcr genes. however, the functional relationships among these genes on the disease sus ... | 1991 | 1836484 |
| immune regulation by tolerization in eae and in theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (tmev) infection (1). | | 1991 | 1891980 |
| predominant binding of theiler's viruses to a 34-kilodalton receptor protein on susceptible cell lines. | western immunoblots of bhk-21 cell lysates probed with the highly virulent gdvii and the less virulent bean strains of theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (tmev) revealed predominant binding to a 34-kda membrane protein and much lower levels of binding to 100- and 18-kda membrane proteins. complete inhibition of virus binding to both the 34- and 18-kda membrane species by excess unlabeled tmev demonstrated specificity of binding. virus binding was also blocked by wheat germ agglutinin, whic ... | 1991 | 1895381 |
| characterization of the specific meningeal t cell response to intracerebral inoculation of theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus. | the presence of a resident t lymphocyte population in the meninges of normal sjl/j mice has been detected by the use of the t cell-specific mitogen concanavalin a. optimal conditions for [3h]thymidine incorporation were studied. an antigen-specific meningeal t cell proliferative response in sjl/j mice, primed by intracerebral inoculation of theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus, was also detected. this response indicated that leptomeningeal mononuclear cell infiltrations are involved in the i ... | 1991 | 1995652 |
| immunoglobulins stimulate central nervous system remyelination: electron microscopic and morphometric analysis of proliferating cells. | infection with the daniel strain of theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus results in immunemediated primary demyelination in the spinal cords of susceptible sjl/j mice. treatment of chronically infected mice (3 to 7 months) with purified immunoglobulins directed against spinal cord homogenate resulted in an increase in the number and average size of lesions that were undergoing remyelination by oligodendrocytes. in vivo autoradiography with [3h]thymidine demonstrated labeling of many lymphocy ... | 1991 | 2002654 |
| proteolysis at the 2a/2b junction in theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus. | processing at the 2a/2b junction in theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (tmev) was studied using in vitro transcription and translation. a plasmid which contained only the p2 region of tmev was used. the protein products obtained after in vitro transcription/translation indicated that proteolysis at the 2a/2b junction occurs even if templates coding for only the 2a and 2b proteins are used. time-course experiments indicated that 2a/2b proteolysis was cotranslational. the plasmid described w ... | 1991 | 2014649 |
| expression of human hla-b27 transgene alters susceptibility to murine theiler's virus-induced demyelination. | infection of certain strains of mice with theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus results in persistence of virus and an immune-mediated primary demyelination in the central nervous system that resembles multiple sclerosis. because susceptibility/resistance to demyelination in b10 congeneic mice maps strongly to class i mhc genes (d region) we tested whether expression of a human class i mhc gene (hla-b27) would alter susceptibility to theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus-induced demyelinat ... | 1991 | 2016520 |
| comparison of the binding characteristics to bhk-21 cells of viruses representing the two theiler's virus neurovirulence groups. | the binding characteristics of the highly virulent gdvii and less virulent bean strains of theiler's murine encephalomyelitis viruses (tmev) to whole bhk-21 cells were determined using a direct viral binding assay. the overall rates of association and dissociation of bean and gdvii viruses were similar. using a saturation binding assay intended for multivalent ligands, such as picornaviruses, the number of binding sites per cell was calculated as 1.6 x 10(5). competitive binding assays with both ... | 1991 | 2024473 |
| alternative translation initiation site in the da strain of theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus. | polyprotein processing studies of theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (tmev), a group of mouse picornaviruses, demonstrated synthesis of a protein we have called l during in vitro translations from the rna of da, a demyelinating strain of tmev, but not gdvii, an acute neurovirulent strain. we have proposed that l is synthesized from an alternative initiation site in the da leader (l) coding area out of phase with the polyprotein reading frame (r. p. roos, w.-p. kong, b. l. semler, j. virol. ... | 1991 | 2033677 |
| evolution of the placental barrier to fetal infection by murine enteroviruses. | a murine model that demonstrated a placental barrier to fetal enterovirus infection in late pregnancy was extended to middle and early gestation. inoculation with theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (tmev) in middle and early gestation infected 73% and 90% of placentas and 7% and 78% of fetuses, respectively. in situ hybridization (ish) of tissues obtained after middle-gestation inoculation revealed tmev in the placental decidua and spongiotrophoblast layers but generally not in the labyrin ... | 1991 | 2037800 |
| pathogenesis of theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus. | | 1991 | 2038955 |
| the 5' noncoding sequences from a less virulent theiler's virus dramatically attenuate gdvii neurovirulence. | rna transcripts derived from recombinant chimeras between the highly virulent gdvii virus and the less virulent bean virus were constructed to study the molecular pathogenesis of theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus infection. the presence of the bean 5' noncoding sequences in chimera 2 (bean 5' noncoding sequences joined with the gdvii nucleotides encoding the polyprotein and present in the 3' end) resulted in dramatic attenuation of gdvii neurovirulence and development of poliomyelitis in ... | 1991 | 2072455 |
| genomic regions of neurovirulence and attenuation in theiler murine encephalomyelitis virus. | full-length cdna clones of two theiler murine encephalomyelitis virus (tmev) strains, one highly virulent and the other less virulent, were constructed in the bacterial plasmid pgemr-3. transfection of bhk-21 cells with rna transcribed from these cdnas yielded progeny viruses with the exact in vitro growth phenotype and mouse neurovirulence pattern of the respective parental virus strains. rna transcripts derived from recombinant chimeras constructed by exchanging corresponding genomic regions [ ... | 1990 | 2153981 |
| rapid biotin-avidin method for quantitation of antiviral antibody isotypes. | a rapid and efficient method is described for isotype quantitation of antiviral antibodies in mice infected with theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (tmev). serum antibodies were reacted with fluorochrome-labeled tmev in a modified fluid-phase particle concentration fluorescence immunoassay (pcfia). biotin and avidin were used to attach anti-immunoglobulin isotype antibodies to polystyrene particles by the separate incubation of biotinylated goat anti-mouse isotypes (igg1-, igg2a-, igg2b-, ... | 1990 | 2156880 |
| monocytes/macrophages isolated from the mouse central nervous system contain infectious theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (tmev). | knowledge of the cells in which theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (tmev) persists is crucial to understanding the pathogenesis of tmev-induced demyelinating disease; however, it is still uncertain whether oligodendrocytes or macrophages are the primary target for persistence. in this study, mononuclear cells (mnc) isolated directly from central nervous system (cns) inflammatory infiltrates of tmev-infected mice on discontinuous percoll gradients were found to contain infectious tmev. macr ... | 1990 | 2158691 |
| echovirus 22 is an atypical enterovirus. | although echovirus 22 (ev22) is classified as an enterovirus in the family picornaviridae, it is atypical of the enterovirus paradigm, typified by the polioviruses and the coxsackie b viruses. cdna reverse transcribed from coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3) rna does not hybridize to genomic rna of ev22, and conversely, cdna made to ev22 does not hybridize to cvb3 genomic rna or to molecular clones of cvb3 or poliovirus type 1. ev22 cdna does not hybridize to viral rna of encephalomyocarditis virus or to a ... | 1990 | 2159539 |
| virucidal effect of ozone treatment of laboratory animal viruses. | an ozonization method was used to inactivate the viral pathogens of laboratory animals. ozone at a concentration of over 100 ppm with high humidity was highly virucidal against 4 rna viruses: hvj, theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (tmev), reo type 3 virus (rv) and murine hepatitis virus (mhv). for the ozone tests, 0.1 ml of a virus suspension in deionized water or saline and was placed in 35-mm dishes. the titer of 10(6) plaque-forming units of tmev in a liquid-phase, which was highly sta ... | 1990 | 2163330 |
| influence of sex on susceptibility in the theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus model for multiple sclerosis. | multiple sclerosis (ms) is a demyelinating disease in humans which affects females more frequently than males. theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (tmev) induces demyelination similar to human ms in susceptible strains of mice after intracerebral inoculation. in this paper we report that sex influences susceptibility to tmev-induced demyelination in certain genotypes derived from c57l/j and sjl/j or swr/j mice. this is the first report of an animal model for ms that shows an association bet ... | 1990 | 2211984 |
| persistent infection of a glioma cell line generates a theiler's virus variant which fails to induce demyelinating disease in sjl/j mice. | theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (tmev) induces demyelinating disease which is associated with persistent virus infection of the central nervous system. to study the interaction between tmev and host cells, we infected the g26-20 glioma cell line in vitro, and this resulted in a lytic infection in which most, but not all, cells were killed. surviving cells divided and formed a viable monolayer in which a small proportion of cells displayed viral cytopathic effects. levels of virus produc ... | 1990 | 2212994 |
| major histocompatibility complex-conferred resistance to theiler's virus-induced demyelinating disease is inherited as a dominant trait in b10 congenic mice. | intracerebral inoculation of theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus into susceptible strains of mice produces chronic demyelinating disease in the central nervous system characterized by persistent viral infection. immunogenetic data suggest that genes from both major histocompatibility complex (mhc) and non-mhc loci are important in determining susceptibility or resistance to demyelination. the role of the mhc in determining resistance or susceptibility to disease can be interpreted either as ... | 1990 | 2214025 |
| cytotropism of theiler's murine encephalomyelitis viruses in oligodendrocyte-enriched cultures. | the cytotropism of two strains, gdvii and da, of theiler's murine encephalomyelitis viruses (tmev) was studied in the oligodendrocyte-enriched murine neural cell cultures. both gdvii and da caused cytopathic effects in the neural cell cultures, and double immunostaining for galactocerebroside (gal-cer), a marker molecule for oligodendrocyte, and viral antigens disclosed a dual expression of gal-cer and viral antigens in over 80% of cells in both cultures 24 h after infection with either gdvii or ... | 1990 | 2241579 |
| theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus--characterization of newly isolated viruses from japanese mouse colonies. | the hemagglutinating-inhibition (hi) test was used to detect antibodies for theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (tmev), and the virus was isolated from sero-positive mice derived from colonies in japan. hi antibody was detected in conventional mice (38.7%; 137/354) at titers ranging from 1:8 to 1:512, but it not in spf mice (0/90). to isolate the virus, weanling mice inoculated intracerebrally with samples obtained from sero-positive mice were sacrificed and 10% brain homogenates were subcu ... | 1990 | 2242766 |
| strains from both theiler's virus subgroups encode a determinant for demyelination. | the gdvii strain and other members of the gdvii subgroup of theiler's murine encephalomyelitis viruses (tmev) cause an acute lethal neuronal infection in mice, whereas the da strain and other members of the to subgroup of tmev cause a chronic demyelinating disease associated with a persistent virus infection. we used gdvii/da chimeric infectious cdnas to produce intratypic recombinant viruses in order to clarify reasons for the tmev subgroup-specific difference in demyelinating activity. we foun ... | 1990 | 2243399 |
| the complete nucleotide sequence of the gdvii strain of theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (tmev). | | 1990 | 2251141 |
| the relationship between viral rna, myelin-specific mrnas, and demyelination in central nervous system disease during theiler's virus infection. | the da strain of theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (dav) causes a chronic demyelinating disease in susceptible mouse strains. to elucidate the pathogenesis of dav-induced demyelination, the authors investigated the spatial and chronologic relationship between virus (antigen and rna), myelin-specific mrnas, and demyelination in dav-infected mice using immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, and slot blot hybridization analyses. in spinal cord white matter, viral rna was detected easil ... | 1990 | 2260633 |
| theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus-binding activity on neural and non-neural cell lines and tissues. | three categories of cell lines are described with respect to their activity in binding theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (tmev). high, medium and low densities of viral receptors can be detected on cell lines from different species and origins by using an immunological binding assay. nevertheless, tmev acts as a fastidious virus that only infects a few cell types productively. no correlation between virion binding and degree of permissiveness to infection could be detected. the presence o ... | 1990 | 2273388 |
| inhibition of theiler's virus-induced demyelination in vivo by tumor necrosis factor alpha. | employing a murine model of multiple sclerosis which utilizes intracranial injection of theiler's virus murine encephalomyelitis (tmev) into sjl/j mice, we tested the potential role of tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha) in ameliorating cns demyelination. infection with tmev caused early grey matter inflammation (7 days post-infection) in the brain and spinal cord followed by chronic demyelination (35 days post-infection) in the spinal cord. administration of recombinant human or mouse tnf-a ... | 1990 | 2279004 |
| identification of a locus on mouse chromosome 3 involved in differential susceptibility to theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus-induced demyelinating disease. | theiler's virus-induced demyelinating disease results from a chronic infection in the white matter of the central nervous system and provides an excellent model for human multiple sclerosis. like multiple sclerosis, there are genetic risk factors in disease development, including genes associated with the major histocompatibility complex and with those encoding the beta chain of the t-cell receptor. comparisons of the susceptible dba/2 and resistant c57bl/6 strains have indicated an important ro ... | 1990 | 2296080 |
| seromonitoring in small laboratory animal colonies. a five year survey: 1984-1988. | from 1984 to 1988 one thousand serologic investigations of laboratory animal colonies originating from 10 different european countries were performed. the most prevalent infections in mouse stocks were caused by mouse hepatitis virus (mhv), minute virus of mice (mvm), theiler's encephalomyelitis virus (temv), reovirus type 3 (reo3), sendaivirus, and pneumonia virus of mice (pvm). in mice no infections with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcm), polyomavirus, mouse adenovirus, and k-virus were ... | 1990 | 2321435 |
| theiler's virus-induced demyelination in mice immunosuppressed with anti-igm and in mice expressing the xid gene. | intracerebral infection with theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus produces chronic immune-mediated demyelination in susceptible strains of mice. we examined the role of ig in the pathogenesis of demyelination. in susceptible sjl/j mice (h-2s), suppression of b cell responses with igg fraction of goat anti-mu (anti-mu igg) from birth resulted in increased numbers and severity of demyelinating lesions in the spinal cord 35 days after infection. in contrast, treatment of resistant c57bl/10 (h-2 ... | 1990 | 2333032 |
| abrogation of resistance to theiler's virus-induced demyelination in c57bl mice by total body irradiation. | theiler's murine encephalitis virus (tmev) produces an unusual biphasic disease in susceptible mice characterized by poliomyelitis with early viral replication in neurons, followed by chronic demyelination with viral antigen expression in spinal cord white matter. in addition, infectious virus persists in the central nervous system (cns) throughout the chronic phase of disease. previous studies have indicated an important role for major histocompatibility complex (mhc)-gene products in determini ... | 1990 | 2407753 |
| immunocytochemical localization of mag, mbp and p0 protein in acute and relapsing demyelinating lesions of theiler's virus infection. | acute demyelinating and relapsing demyelinating lesions from spinal cords of mice infected with the ww strain of theiler's encephalomyelitis virus (tmev) were studied immunocytochemically with antisera to various myelin constituents. acute lesions were studied for differences in the distribution of myelin basic protein (mbp) and myelin associated glycoprotein (mag). relapsing lesions, characterized by demyelination of areas previously remyelinated by schwann cells, were studied for differences i ... | 1985 | 2415554 |
| localization of a neutralization site of theiler's murine encephalomyelitis viruses. | theiler's murine encephalomyelitis viruses (tmev) are picornaviruses that produce enteric and neurological diseases in mice. subgroup to strains of tmev cause persistent infections with demyelination, while subgroup gdvii strains neither persist nor demyelinate. we produced neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to clarify the mechanisms of persistence and demyelination. some of the neutralizing mabs reacted with isolated vp1 on western blots, while others were conformation specific. the neut ... | 1985 | 2415718 |
| characterization of theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (tmev)-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity responses in tmev-induced demyelinating disease: correlation with clinical signs. | after intracerebral inoculation of theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (tmev), certain mouse strains develop a persistent central nervous system (cns) infection and inflammatory demyelinating lesions containing infiltrates of mononuclear cells and macrophages. previous findings demonstrating a strong correlation between disease incidence, the presence of particular h-2 region genotypes, and development of high levels of tmev-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth) supported an immune-m ... | 1986 | 2416841 |
| remyelination by oligodendrocytes stimulated by antiserum to spinal cord. | the new synthesis of myelin and the proliferation of oligodendrocytes was stimulated by serum from syngeneic mice immunized with homogenized spinal cord (sch). treatment with this antiserum produced a 10-fold increase in the area of remyelination in spinal cords that had become demyelinated previously as a result of infection by theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus. inflammation was decreased in regions of white matter that showed remyelination. oligodendrocytes exposed to anti-sch in vitro ... | 1987 | 2432195 |
| chronic theiler's virus infection in mice: appearance of myelin basic protein in the cerebrospinal fluid and serum antibody directed against mbp. | myelin basic protein (mbp) appears frequently in the cerebrospinal fluid (csf) of mice with chronic demyelination following intracerebral infection with theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (tmev); antibody to mbp can frequently be found in the sera. the peaks of the immune responses to both mbp and tmev coincide with the time course of the clinical signs of disease. adsorption of mouse sera with tmev or mbp indicate the non-identity of the antigens and the specificity of the antisera as mea ... | 1987 | 2433306 |
| class ii-restricted t cell responses in theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (tmev)-induced demyelinating disease. i. cross-specificity among tmev substrains and related picornaviruses, but not myelin proteins. | following intracerebral inoculation of theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (tmev), susceptible mouse strains develop a chronic demyelinating disease characterized by mononuclear cell-rich infiltrates in the central nervous system. current evidence strongly supports an immune-mediated basis for myelin breakdown, with an effector role proposed for tmev-specific, major histocompatibility class ii-restricted delayed-type hypersensitivity, which temporally correlates with disease onset and remai ... | 1987 | 2438327 |
| synthesis of long viral complementary dna from 7.5 kb poly a+ rna templates. | the poly a+ rna of the ww and gdvii virus isolates, belonging to the theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus group, were used as templates for cdna synthesis. since several secondary structures were present along these viral rnas the reverse transcriptase was prematurely displaced from the rna templates and only short cdna molecules could be synthesized. therefore a reliable and reproducible procedure for the synthesis of long cdna transcripts, that can be directly used for cloning into respect ... | 1987 | 2447113 |
| trypsin-sensitive neutralization site on vp1 of theiler's murine encephalomyelitis viruses. | we generated theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus mutants resistant to several neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mabs) having their epitopes near a trypsin cleavage site of vp1. neutralization and western blot (immunoblot) studies suggest that two of the mabs have identical epitopes that partly overlap the epitope of a third mab. sequencing of rna of the mutants localized the epitopes to a site near the carboxyl end of vp1. the limited diversity of nucleotide changes seen in the mutants an ... | 1988 | 2457118 |
| monoclonal antibody defines determinant between theiler's virus and lipid-like structures. | theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus is known to cause a chronic demyelinating disease in mice. the contributions of immunologic factors, i.e. humoral and cellular responses to virus and/or myelin components, and direct virus-cell interactions leading to demyelination are still unclear. one important factor could be antibody initiation of myelin destruction. here we describe four monoclonal antibodies that react with theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus. three of these neutralize the vir ... | 1988 | 2460501 |
| theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus neutralization escape mutants have a change in disease phenotype. | da strain of theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus produces a persistent demyelinating infection. we previously produced escape mutant viruses that are resistant to a neutralizing monoclonal antibody and have a mutation in vp1 amino acid residue 268 in a neutralization site (y. ohara, a. senkowski, j. fu, l. klaman, j. goodall, m. toth, and r.p. roos, j. virol. 62:3527-3529, 1988). in contrast to wild-type da strain, these escape mutants produce little if any demyelinating disease after inocu ... | 1989 | 2476574 |
| lack of cross-reaction between myelin basic proteins and putative demyelinating virus envelope proteins. | no cross-reaction could be detected between purified myelin basic proteins (mbp) from mouse, rat or human origins and envelope proteins of viruses suspected of inducing demyelinating processes. in the experimental model using theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus, competition radioimmunoassay failed to detect any cross-reaction between mbp and vp1, vp2 and vp3 envelope antigens. in the human situation, antibodies against sv5 and measles viruses, both etiologically linked with multiple scleros ... | 1989 | 2476671 |
| alteration of amino acid 101 within capsid protein vp-1 changes the pathogenicity of theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus. | chronic theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus infection of susceptible mice is an animal model for human demyelinating diseases. previously we described an altered and diminished pattern of central nervous system disease in immunocompetent sjl/j mice infected with a variant virus. this variant virus h7a6-2 was selected with a neutralizing mab recognizing the capsid protein vp-1 of theiler's virus. here we characterize the variant virus by elisa and neutralization assays and by sequencing sele ... | 1989 | 2479706 |
| characterization of the inflammatory response in the central nervous system of mice susceptible or resistant to demyelination by theiler's virus. | intracerebral inoculation of mice with theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus results in an intense inflammatory response of mononuclear leukocytes which infiltrate into the central nervous system. resistant strains of mice have the ability to clear virus whereas susceptible strains become infected persistently and are associated with chronic demyelination which is proposed to be immune-mediated. in an attempt to better understand the role of the immune response during demyelination, mononucle ... | 1989 | 2495323 |
| is theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus infection of mice an autoimmune disease? | viruses can initiate disease by many different means. direct viral, immune mediated and host factors all play important parts. molecular mimicry or having cross-reacting determinants that result in immune responses which have the potential to cause damage can be incorporated into this framework. here, autoimmune responses generated by virus infection have been presented in relation to these other parameters. the cross-reacting immune response originally generated by virus would have to be direct ... | 1989 | 2536548 |
| a neutralization-resistant theiler's virus variant produces an altered disease pattern in the mouse central nervous system. | theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus infection of mice is an animal model for human demyelinating diseases. to further define the role of this virus in the disease process, we selected a virus variant resistant to neutralization by a monoclonal antibody to vp-1. this virus variant was then injected into sjl/j mice. central nervous system tissue was compared between variant virus- and wild-type virus-infected mice. within the brain, no large differences were observed between the two groups as ... | 1989 | 2538641 |
| survival of athymic (nu/nu) mice after theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus infection by passive administration of neutralizing monoclonal antibody. | little or no antiviral immune response is mounted in athymic nude mice infected with the daniels strain of theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus. in these athymic mice, increasing levels of infectious virus could be detected in the central nervous system. seventy-five percent (9 of 12) of the nude mice were moribund or dead by 4 weeks postinfection. in contrast, treatment of theiler's virus-infected nude mice with a neutralizing monoclonal antibody (h7-2) against the viral protein vp-1 result ... | 1989 | 2539504 |
| a rapid method for quantitation of antiviral antibodies. | this paper examines the parameters necessary for the efficient measurement of anti-theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (tmev) antibodies in an affinity-dependent manner using a variation of a solid-phase particle concentration fluorescence immunoassay (pcfia). by allowing antibody to react with fluorochrome-labelled virus in fluid phase and subsequently capturing the resulting virus-antibody complexes with anti-immunoglobulin coated polystyrene particles (fluid-phase pcfia), the present ass ... | 1989 | 2540240 |
| role of natural killer cells as immune effectors in encephalitis and demyelination induced by theiler's virus. | infection of susceptible mice (sjl) with theiler's murine encephalitis virus (tmev) causes a biphasic disease characterized by gray matter inflammation followed by late chronic demyelination. the role of nk cells was studied in this model by using susceptible (sjl) or resistant (c57bl/10) mice. cns tmev titer were higher in sjl compared with c57bl/10 mice, correlating with a 50% lower nk cell activity in the sjl than in the c57bl/10 mice. when resistant (c57bl/10) mice were depleted of nk cells ... | 1989 | 2543704 |
| characterization of the immune response to intracerebral inoculation of theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus: fine protein specificity of the splenic t cell and humoral antibody response. | the spleen t cell proliferative response of sjl/j mice primed by intracerebral inoculation of theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (tmev) was characterized in vitro. a dose-response [3h]thymidine incorporation was found with tmev, but not with unrelated viruses. the maximum response was obtained at doses of 5 x 10(5) cells per well with cultures of 96 h duration. viral capsid proteins vp1 and vp2 carried the antigenic determinants for the t cell response, vp3 playing no role in the in vitro ... | 1989 | 2548954 |
| evidence for a novel picornavirus in human dermatomyositis. | we prepared rna probes from cloned segments of human and murine enteroviruses (evs) for in situ hybridization of skeletal muscle biopsies from patients with dermatomyositis (dm), polymyositis, other inflammatory myopathies, and noninflammatory muscle diseases, and from normal control subjects. a probe derived from theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (tmev) detected viral rna within mononuclear cells of the interstitial connective tissue in 3 of 5 patients with adult-onset dm. none of these ... | 1989 | 2549850 |
| polyprotein processing of theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus. | to investigate polyprotein processing of theiler's murine encephalomyelitis viruses, we analyzed in vitro translation reactions programmed by in vitro-derived transcripts from an infectious full-length cdna clone of the da strain of theiler's virus. to help identify the proteinases that carried out the processing, we modified the da cdna clone transcription template by linearization with different restriction endonucleases that generate templates of different lengths or by constructing linker in ... | 1989 | 2555559 |
| infectious cdna clones of the da strain of theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus. | the da strain and other members of the to subgroup of theiler's murine encephalomyelitis viruses cause a persistent demyelinating infection, whereas the gdvii strain and other gdvii subgroup strains cause an acute lethal polioencephalomyelitis. we generated an infectious da cdna clone inserted into a transcription vector. virus derived from transfection of transcripts produced a demyelinating disease indistinguishable from that of wild-type virus. the infectious clone provides a critical reagent ... | 1989 | 2555569 |
| duration and patterns of transmission of theiler's mouse encephalomyelitis virus infection. | the duration and patterns of theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (tmev) transmission were studied in eight index mice inoculated orally. transmission was monitored by testing for seroconversion to tmev in sentinel mice in direct contact with index mice and in other sentinel mice in contact with bedding soiled by index mice. for the first 14 weeks after inoculation, two contact sentinels were housed with each index mouse for 1 week, then replaced with two new sentinels. for the remaining 16 ... | 1989 | 2761233 |
| inactivation of laboratory animal rna-viruses by physicochemical treatment. | eight commonly used chemical disinfectants and physical treatments (uv irradiation and heating) were applied to both enveloped rna viruses (sendai virus, canine distemper virus) and unenveloped rna viruses (theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus, reo virus type 3) to inactivate infectious virus particles. according to the results, alcohols (70% ethanol, 50% isopropanol), formaldehyde (2% formalin), halogen compounds (52ppm iodophor, 100ppm sodium hypochlorite), quaternary ammonium chloride (0. ... | 1989 | 2806388 |
| characterization and specificity of humoral immune responses to theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus capsid proteins. | humoral antibody responses to theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (tmev) capsid proteins were examined. rabbit antisera produced against the native bean strain of tmev and against the isolated capsid proteins (vp1, vp2 and vp3) were tested for their ability to bind or neutralize virus and to inhibit the virus-induced haemagglutination of human o+ erythrocytes. western immunoblotting analysis showed that isolated vp1, vp2 and vp3 each primed for a specific antibody response, but that native ... | 1987 | 2826657 |
| theiler's murine encephalomyelitis: a model of demyelination and persistence of virus. | theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (tmev) causes immune-mediated demyelination in susceptible mice which is similar to human demyelinating disorders such as multiple sclerosis. in addition, the picornavirus persists within the central nervous system throughout the course of the chronic demyelinating disease. this article reviews the neuropathology, virology, immunology, and molecular biology of the model system. we analyze the possible mechanisms by which this virus induces demyelination a ... | 1987 | 2827957 |
| insights into theiler's virus neurovirulence based on a genomic comparison of the neurovirulent gdvii and less virulent bean strains. | theiler's murine encephalomyelitis viruses (tmev) are naturally occurring enteric pathogens of mice which can be divided into two subgroups based primarily on their neurovirulence after intracerebral inoculation: the highly virulent gdvii group and the less virulent to strains. to begin to elucidate the molecular basis of neurovirulence of the two tmev subgroups, we have cloned and sequenced the entire 8105 nucleotide rna genome of the highly virulent gdvii virus and compared it to the less viru ... | 1988 | 2838951 |
| expression of theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus protease 3c and polymerase 3d in escherichia coli and characterization of monospecific sera. | defined dna fragments of cloned theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus genome were used to construct procaryotic recombinant plasmids expressing viral genes 3c and 3d. in these plasmids (pex-embl vectors), viral sequences are fused in-phase behind the escherichia coli lac z' gene which is under the control of the inducible lambda pr promoter. partially purified fusion proteins were used to immunize balb/c mice. sera monospecific for the viral protease 3c and polymerase 3d were obtained. these ... | 1988 | 2841804 |
| isolation and characterization of two plaque size variants of theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (da strain). | we have isolated two plaque size variants of theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (tmev) strain da. one variant, tmev-cl (cl), produced large plaques, while the other, tmev-ds (ds), produced small plaques in l-2 cells. the ds variant yielded a lower titre in bhk cells and had a significantly slower growth rate when compared to cl and da. in contrast, ds replicated to a higher titre in the central nervous system (cns) of infected mice than the large plaque counterpart and da. furthermore, the ... | 1988 | 2842440 |
| theiler's virus infection in nude mice: viral rna in vascular endothelial cells. | infection of athymic (nu/nu) mice with theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus results in an acute encephalitis which resembles poliomyelitis. immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization were used to delineate the presence of viral proteins and rna in the nervous systems of nude mice infected with the daniels strain of theiler's virus. this system permits the analysis of a viral infection in the absence of an effective immune response. by immunohistochemistry, viral antigen was found in the ... | 1988 | 2843661 |
| tumor necrosis factor and lymphotoxin secretion by human natural killer cells leads to antiviral cytotoxicity. | nk cells mediate their cytotoxicity against tumor cells through abroad array of cytotoxic and cytostatic proteins. we investigated whether specific proteins could also be identified that contributed to nk cell-mediated antiviral immunity. human cd16+/cd3- nk cells were obtained by using facs and subsequently cloned by using limiting dilution. these nk cell lines, which were cytotoxic against nk-sensitive tumor targets and virally infected cells, also generated supernatants that selectively kille ... | 1988 | 2844893 |
| relationship of p220 cleavage during picornavirus infection to 2a proteinase sequencing. | infection of hela cells by poliovirus results in an abrupt inhibition of host cell protein synthesis. it is thought that the mechanism of this inhibition involves proteolytic cleavage of the p220 component of the cap-binding protein complex, thereby causing functional inactivation of the cap-binding protein complex and preventing capped (cellular) mrnas from binding ribosomes. current data suggest that the viral proteinase 2a indirectly induces p220 cleavage via alteration or activation of a sec ... | 1988 | 2845133 |
| receptors for theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus: characterization by using rabbit antiviral antiserum. | an immunological assay was developed to characterize the binding of theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus to bhk-21 cell receptors. after absorption of the virus and formaldehyde fixation, rabbit antibodies and staphylococcus aureus protein a labeled with 125i formed a specific complex on the surfaces of the cells. the optimal multiplicity of infection in this system was 10 pfu per cell. the virus was internalized at 33 and 37 degrees c, but internalization did not take place at 25 or 4 degre ... | 1988 | 2845143 |
| theiler's virus-associated antigens on the surfaces of cultured glial cells. | infection of the central nervous system by theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (tmev), a picornavirus, produces chronic demyelinating disease in susceptible mice. in this immunoelectron microscopic study of tmev infection of neonatal mouse brain cells in culture, tmev antigen was found on the surfaces of infected oligodendrocytes and astrocytes by labeling with hyperimmune serum from tmev-infected mice or with rabbit antiserum to purified inactivated da strain tmev. brain-derived macrophage ... | 1988 | 2845658 |
| class ii-restricted t cell responses in theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (tmev)-induced demyelinating disease. ii. survey of host immune responses and central nervous system virus titers in inbred mouse strains. | previous studies using mouse strains with limited genetic differences and h-2 haplotypes demonstrated that susceptibility to theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (tmev)-induced demyelinating disease strongly correlated with chronically high levels of tmev-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth), but not with tmev-specific t cell proliferation (tprlf), serum antibody responses, or with cns virus titers. to determine if this correlation would be supported by analysis of these parameters i ... | 1987 | 2849024 |
| increases in the immune responses to theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus after neonatal treatment with anti-t-cell receptor antibody. | | 1988 | 2849912 |
| fine specificity of t-cell-mediated immune responses of susceptible and resistant strains in theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus-induced demyelinating disease. | | 1988 | 2849914 |
| the effect of l3t4 t cell depletion on the pathogenesis of theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus infection in cba mice. | theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (tmev) gives rise to a biphasic disease of the central nervous system (cns) following intracranial inoculation of susceptible strains of mice. the early phase, during the first month, resembles poliomyelitis and in the late phase the mice suffer from inflammatory demyelination reminiscent of multiple sclerosis. in order to investigate the role of helper t cells in the acute and chronic phases of the disease we depleted mice of their l3t4 t cells in vivo w ... | 1987 | 2953860 |