Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
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| mgmt enrichment and second gene co-expression in hematopoietic progenitor cells using separate or dual-gene lentiviral vectors. | the dna repair gene o(6)-methylguanine-dna methyltransferase (mgmt) allows efficient in vivo enrichment of transduced hematopoietic stem cells (hsc). thus, linking this selection strategy to therapeutic gene expression offers the potential to reconstitute diseased hematopoietic tissue with gene-corrected cells. however, different dual-gene expression vector strategies are limited by poor expression of one or both transgenes. to evaluate different co-expression strategies in the context of mgmt-m ... | 2015 | 25479595 |
| vaccination of cattle only is sufficient to stop fmdv transmission in mixed populations of sheep and cattle. | we quantified the transmission of foot-and-mouth disease virus in mixed cattle-sheep populations and the effect of different vaccination strategies. the (partial) reproduction ratios (r) in groups of non-vaccinated and vaccinated cattle and/or sheep were estimated from (published) transmission experiments. a 4 × 4 next-generation matrix (ngm) was constructed using these estimates. the dominant eigenvalue of the ngm, the r for a mixed population, was determined for populations with different prop ... | 2015 | 25464822 |
| indirect elisa using recombinant nonstructural protein 3d to detect foot and mouth disease virus infection associated antibodies. | foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) is a highly infectious disease of transboundary importance. routine biannual vaccination along with surveillance activities is seen as the principal to control fmd in india. non-structural protein (nsp) based immunoassays are the test of choice for the differentiation between infected and vaccinated population. in this study, 3d protein of fmd virus was expressed in escherichia coli and an indirect elisa (i-elisa) was developed to detect 3d-antibodies in the infected ... | 2015 | 25458472 |
| swine leukocyte antigen (sla) class i allele typing of danish swine herds and identification of commonly occurring haplotypes using sequence specific low and high resolution primers. | the swine major histocompatibility complex (mhc) genomic region (sla) is extremely polymorphic comprising high numbers of different alleles, many encoding a distinct mhc class i molecule, which binds and presents endogenous peptides to circulating t cells of the immune system. upon recognition of such peptide-mhc complexes (pmhc) naïve t cells can become activated and respond to a given pathogen leading to its elimination and the generation of memory cells. hence sla plays a crucial role in main ... | 2014 | 25457547 |
| evolutionary analysis and prediction of peptide vaccine candidates for foot-and-mouth-disease virus types a and o in bangladesh. | foot-and-mouth disease (fmd), an endemic disease of cloven-hoofed animals, causes an annual economic loss of us$60-150 million in bangladesh. there is no cross-protection among the foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) serotypes and vaccination escape mutation may happen. peptide vaccine is a safer alternative. the aim of this study is to predict and map the b and t cell epitopes of vp1 proteins of fmdv serotypes o and a that were circulating in bangladesh from 2011 to 2013. using evolutionary and ... | 2014 | 25452681 |
| a thiazepino[4,5-a]benzimidazole derivative hampers the rna replication of eurasian serotypes of foot-and-mouth disease virus. | the stamping-out policy for the control of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) in countries that are free from fmd without vaccination has a dramatic socio-economic impact, huge animal welfare issues and may result in the loss of farm animal genetic resources. as an alternative to pre-emptive culling or emergency vaccination we further explore the possibility to use antiviral drugs in the event of an fmd outbreak. in the present study, we tested the in vitro cytotoxicity and anti-fmdv activity o ... | 2014 | 25446115 |
| [validation of a real time rt-pcr assay to detect foot-and-mouth disease virus and assessment of its performance in acute infection]. | a specific real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcrrt) for the detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus was validated using the lightcycler thermocycler 2.0 and its reagents as recommended by the world organization for animal health and was assessed for the detection of the virus in acute infection of cattle experimentally vaccinated and challenged with virus a argentina/2001 or a24 cruzeiro. the technique proved to be robust, showing coefficients of variation lower tha ... | 2014 | 25444126 |
| production and characterization of single-chain antibody (scfv) against 3abc non-structural protein in escherichia coli for sero-diagnosis of foot and mouth disease virus. | differentiation of foot-and-mouth disease infected from vaccinated animals is essential for effective implementation of vaccination based control programme. detection of antibodies against 3abc non-structural protein of fmd virus by immunodiagnostic assays provides reliable indication of fmd infection. sero-monitoring of fmd in the large country like india is a big task where thousands of serum samples are annually screened. currently, monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies are widely used in these ... | 2014 | 25439091 |
| a positively charged lysine residue at vp2 131 position allows for the enhanced adaptability of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype a in bhk-21 cells. | field outbreak strains of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) infect host cells through certain arg-gly-asp (rgd) dependent integrin family of cellular receptors. in contrast, fmdv adapted in non-host cell cultures are reported to acquire the ability to infect cells via heparin sulphate (hs) or other unidentified cell surface molecules. it has been reported that during the serial passage of fmdv serotype a in bhk-21 cell culture, vp2 e131k (e2131k) substitution was fixed within the heparin sulph ... | 2015 | 25439090 |
| a virus that can take the heat. | foot-and-mouth disease virus shows remarkable thermal lability, a property that is a particular problem for vaccine preparations. in this issue of structure, rincón and colleagues show that electrostatic repulsion within the capsid is responsible for this lability, and they present rationally designed mutants with increased thermostability. | 2014 | 25438667 |
| evolutionary non-linear modelling for selecting vaccines against antigenically variable viruses. | in vitro and in vivo selection of vaccines is time consuming, expensive and the selected vaccines may not be able to provide protection against broad-spectrum viruses because of emerging antigenically novel disease strains. a powerful computational model that incorporates these protein/dna or rna level fluctuations can effectively predict antigenically variant strains, and can minimize the amount of resources spent on exclusive serological testing of vaccines and make wide spectrum vaccines poss ... | 2015 | 25414361 |
| viquas: an improved reconstruction pipeline for viral quasispecies spectra generated by next-generation sequencing. | the combined effect of a high replication rate and the low fidelity of the viral polymerase in most rna viruses and some dna viruses results in the formation of a viral quasispecies. uncovering information about quasispecies populations significantly benefits the study of disease progression, antiviral drug design, vaccine design and viral pathogenesis. we present a new analysis pipeline called viquas for viral quasispecies spectrum reconstruction using short next-generation sequencing reads. vi ... | 2015 | 25398613 |
| modification of a salmonid alphavirus replicon vector for enhanced expression of heterologous antigens. | a salmonid alphavirus (sav) replicon has been developed to express heterologous antigens but protein production was low to modest compared with terrestrial alphavirus replicons. in this study, we have compared several modifications to a sav replicon construct and analysed their influence on foreign gene expression. we found that an insertion of a translational enhancer consisting of the n-terminal 102 nt of the capsid gene, together with a nucleotide sequence encoding the foot-and-mouth disease ... | 2015 | 25395591 |
| in vitro evolution and affinity-maturation with coliphage qβ display. | the escherichia coli bacteriophage, qβ (coliphage qβ), offers a favorable alternative to m13 for in vitro evolution of displayed peptides and proteins due to high mutagenesis rates in qβ rna replication that better simulate the affinity maturation processes of the immune response. we describe a benchtop in vitro evolution system using qβ display of the vp1 g-h loop peptide of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv). dna encoding the g-h loop was fused to the a1 minor coat protein of qβ resulting in ... | 2014 | 25393763 |
| genomic changes in an attenuated zb strain of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype asia1 and comparison with its virulent parental strain. | the molecular basis of attenuation of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) serotype asia1 zb strain remains unknown. to understand the genetic changes of attenuation, we compared the entire genomes of three different rabbit-passaged attenuated zb strains (zb/cha/58(att), zbrf168, and zbrf188) and their virulent parental strains (zbcf22 and ynbs/58). the results showed that attenuation may be brought about by 28 common amino acid substitutions in the coding region, with one nucleotide point mutati ... | 2014 | 25386556 |
| efficacy of synthetic peptide candidate vaccines against serotype-a foot-and-mouth disease virus in cattle. | foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) remains a major threat to livestock worldwide, especially in developing countries. to improve the efficacy of vaccination against fmd, various types of vaccines have been developed, including synthetic peptide vaccines. we designed three synthetic peptide vaccines, 59 to 87 aa in size, based on immunogenic epitopes in the vp1, 3a, and 3d proteins of the a/hubwh/cha/2009 strain of the foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv), corresponding to amino acid positions 129 to 16 ... | 2015 | 25381487 |
| cell culture adaptation mutations in foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype a capsid proteins: implications for receptor interactions. | in this study we describe the adaptive changes fixed on the capsid of several foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype a strains during propagation in cell monolayers. viruses passaged extensively in three cell lines (bhk-21, lfbk and ib-rs-2) consistently gained positively charged amino acids in the putative heparin-sulfate-binding pocket (vp2 βe-βf loop, vp1 c-terminus and vp3 β-b knob) surrounding the fivefold symmetry axis (vp1 βf-βg loop) and at other discrete sites on the capsid (vp3 βg-βh lo ... | 2015 | 25381054 |
| three-dimensional structure of foot-and-mouth disease virus and its biological functions. | foot-and-mouth disease (fmd), an acute, violent, infectious disease of cloven-hoofed animals, remains widespread in most parts of the world. it can lead to a major plague of livestock and an economical catastrophe. structural studies of fmd virus (fmdv) have greatly contributed to our understanding of the virus life cycle and provided new horizons for the control and eradication of fmdv. to examine host-fmdv interactions and viral pathogenesis from a structural perspective, the structures of vir ... | 2015 | 25377637 |
| [enhancement of mouse immune response by recombinant adenovirus co-expressing vp1-2a of foot-and-mouth disease virus and porcine ifn-α]. | to construct the recombinant adenovirus co-expressing foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) viral structural protein1-2a (vp1-2a) and porcine interferon-α (poifn-α), and study its impact on mouse adaptive immune responses. | 2014 | 25374073 |
| re-emergence of circulatory foot-and-mouth disease virus serotypes asia1 in bangladesh and vp1 protein heterogeneity with vaccine strain ind 63/72. | foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) serotypes o, a and asia1 are responsible for significant number of disease outbreaks in bangladesh; however serotype asia1 has not been reported in circulation since 1996. the present investigation reports the detection of serotype fmdv asia1 from local farms in 2012 and 2013 outbreaks. the farms were located in jessore and gazipur districts, and one of these farms was under vaccine control programme. phylogenetic analysis of the complete vp1 gene revealed tha ... | 2015 | 25370946 |
| development of a blocking elisa based on a monoclonal antibody against a predominant epitope in non-structural protein 3b2 of foot-and-mouth disease virus for differentiating infected from vaccinated animals. | a monoclonal antibody (mcab) against non-structural protein (nsp) 3b of foot-mouth-disease virus (fmdv) (3b4b1) was generated and shown to recognize a conserved epitope spanning amino acids 24-32 of 3b (gpyagpmer) by peptide screening elisa. this epitope was further shown to be a unique and predominant b cell epitope in 3b2, as sera from animals infected with different serotypes of fmdv blocked the ability of mcab 3b4b1 to bind to nsp 2c3ab. also, a polyclonal antibody against nsp 2c was produce ... | 2014 | 25369323 |
| all-atom molecular dynamics calculation study of entire poliovirus empty capsids in solution. | small viruses that belong, for example, to the picornaviridae, such as poliovirus and foot-and-mouth disease virus, consist simply of capsid proteins and a single-stranded rna (ssrna) genome. the capsids are quite stable in solution to protect the genome from the environment. here, based on long-time and large-scale 6.5 × 10(6) all-atom molecular dynamics calculations for the mahoney strain of poliovirus, we show microscopic properties of the viral capsids at a molecular level. first, we found e ... | 2014 | 25362342 |
| expression of cry1ab and cry2ab by a polycistronic transgene with a self-cleavage peptide in rice. | insect resistance to bacillus thuringiensis (bt) crystal protein is a major threat to the long-term use of transgenic bt crops. gene stacking is a readily deployable strategy to delay the development of insect resistance while it may also broaden insecticidal spectrum. here, we report the creation of transgenic rice expressing discrete cry1ab and cry2ab simultaneously from a single expression cassette using 2a self-cleaving peptides, which are autonomous elements from virus guiding the polycistr ... | 2014 | 25333312 |
| effect of amino acid mutation at position 127 in 3a of a rabbit-attenuated foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype asia1 on viral replication and infection. | an amino acid mutation (r127→i) in the 3a non-structural protein of an fmdv serotype asia1 rabbit-attenuated zb strain was previously found after attenuation of the virus. to explore the effects of this mutation on viral replication and infection, the amino acid residue isoleucine (i) was changed to arginine (r) in the infectious cdna clone of the rabbit-attenuated zb strain by sitedirected mutagenesis, and the r127-mutated virus was rescued. bhk monolayer cells and suckling mice were inoculated ... | 2014 | 25326348 |
| recovery of viral rna and infectious foot-and-mouth disease virus from positive lateral-flow devices. | foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) is an economically important, highly contagious picornavirus that affects both wild and domesticated cloven hooved animals. in developing countries, the effective laboratory diagnosis of foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) is often hindered by inadequate sample preservation due to difficulties in the transportation and storage of clinical material. these factors can compromise the ability to detect and characterise fmd virus in countries where the disease is endemic. ... | 2014 | 25313787 |
| identification of the structural basis of thermal lability of a virus provides a rationale for improved vaccines. | virus stability and dynamics play critical roles during infection. some viruses, including foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv), are surprisingly prone to thermal dissociation outside the cell. the structural bases and functional implications of this distinctive trait were essentially unknown. this study (1) uncovers the structural determinants of fmdv thermolability, (2) investigates the relationship between virus thermolability and infectivity, and (3) provides a structure-based rationale for e ... | 2014 | 25308865 |
| rapid isolation of antibody from a synthetic human antibody library by repeated fluorescence-activated cell sorting (facs). | antibodies and their derivatives are the most important agents in therapeutics and diagnostics. even after the significant progress in the technology for antibody screening from huge libraries, it takes a long time to isolate an antibody, which prevents a prompt action against the spread of a disease. here, we report a new strategy for isolating desired antibodies from a combinatorial library in one day by repeated fluorescence-activated cell sorting (facs). first, we constructed a library of sy ... | 2014 | 25303314 |
| dose-dependent responses of pigs infected with foot-and-mouth disease virus o/jpn/2010 by the intranasal and intraoral routes. | foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) infection was successfully initiated in pigs by intraoral inoculation of both 10(6) and 10(3) tcid50 of fmdv o/jpn/2010 isolated from the 2010 epidemic in japan. by intranasal inoculation, infection was established in pigs with 10(6) tcid50 of the isolate, but not with 10(3) tcid50 of the isolate. in the pigs inoculated with 10(6) tcid50 of the isolate, viruses and viral rnas were obtained earlier from the pigs inoculated by the intraoral route than from the p ... | 2015 | 25281431 |
| membrane topology and cellular dynamics of foot-and-mouth disease virus 3a protein. | foot-and-mouth disease virus non-structural protein 3a plays important roles in virus replication, virulence and host-range; nevertheless little is known on the interactions that this protein can establish with different cell components. in this work, we have performed in vivo dynamic studies from cells transiently expressing the green fluorescent protein (gfp) fused to the complete 3a (gfp3a) and versions including different 3a mutations. the results revealed the presence of a mobile fraction o ... | 2014 | 25275544 |
| a universal protocol to generate consensus level genome sequences for foot-and-mouth disease virus and other positive-sense polyadenylated rna viruses using the illumina miseq. | next-generation sequencing (ngs) is revolutionizing molecular epidemiology by providing new approaches to undertake whole genome sequencing (wgs) in diagnostic settings for a variety of human and veterinary pathogens. previous sequencing protocols have been subject to biases such as those encountered during pcr amplification and cell culture, or are restricted by the need for large quantities of starting material. we describe here a simple and robust methodology for the generation of whole genom ... | 2014 | 25269623 |
| l protease from foot and mouth disease virus confers eif2-independent translation for mrnas bearing picornavirus ires. | the leader protease (l(pro)) from foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) has the ability to cleave eif4g, leading to a blockade of cellular protein synthesis. in contrast to previous reports, our present findings demonstrate that fmdv l(pro) is able to increase translation driven by fmdv ires. additionally, inactivation of eif2 subsequent to phosphorylation induced by arsenite or thapsigargin in bhk cells blocks protein synthesis directed by fmdv ires, whereas in the presence of l(pro), significant ... | 2014 | 25268112 |
| within herd transmission and evaluation of the performance of clinical and serological diagnosis of foot-and-mouth disease in partially immune cattle herds. | the control of foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) in vaccinated populations relies upon surveillance activities such as clinical inspections (ci) and serological monitoring. new evidence to refine current surveillance guidelines has been provided by evaluating (1) the diagnostic performance of ci and serological tests for detection of fmd virus (fmdv) non-structural proteins (nsp), and (2) the within-herd transmission of the virus in partially immune cattle. data came from 23 affected herds during an ... | 2014 | 25261377 |
| foot-and-mouth disease virus leader proteinase: structural insights into the mechanism of intermolecular cleavage. | translation of foot-and-mouth disease virus rna initiates at one of two start codons leading to the synthesis of two forms of leader proteinase l(pro) (lab(pro) and lb(pro)). these forms free themselves from the viral polyprotein by intra- and intermolecular self-processing and subsequently cleave the cellular eukaryotic initiation factor (eif) 4 g. during infection, lb(pro) removes six residues from its own c-terminus, generating slb(pro). we present the structure of slb(pro) bound to the inhib ... | 2014 | 25240326 |
| adjuvants for foot-and-mouth disease virus vaccines: recent progress. | foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) is a highly contagious and rapidly spreading disease of cloven-hoofed animals. in most countries, animals are immunized with inactivated whole virus vaccines to control the spread of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv); however, there are safety and efficacy (especially, cell-mediated immunity) concerns. many efforts are currently devoted to the development of effective vaccines by combining the application of protective antigens together with the search for specific ... | 2014 | 25234962 |
| poly iclc increases the potency of a replication-defective human adenovirus vectored foot-and-mouth disease vaccine. | foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) causes a highly contagious disease of cloven-hoofed animals. we have previously demonstrated that a replication-defective human adenovirus 5 vector carrying the fmdv capsid coding region of serotype a24 cruzeiro (ad5-ci-a24-2b) protects swine and cattle against fmdv challenge by 7 days post-vaccination. however, since relatively large amounts of ad5-ci-a24-2b are required to induce protection this strategy could be costly for livestock production. poly iclc is ... | 2014 | 25216089 |
| virus-host interactions in persistently fmdv-infected cells derived from bovine pharynx. | foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) produces a disease in cattle characterized by vesicular lesions and a persistent infection with asymptomatic low-level production of virus in pharyngeal tissues. here we describe the establishment of a persistently infected primary cell culture derived from bovine pharynx tissue (pbpt) infected with fmdv serotype o1 manisa, where surviving cells were serially passed until a persistently infected culture was generated. characterization of the persistent virus d ... | 2014 | 25216088 |
| picornavirus infection leading to immunosuppression. | viruses, such as hiv, hepatitis a, poliovirus, coxsackievirus b3 and foot-and-mouth disease virus, use a variety of mechanisms to suppress the human immune system in order to evade clearance by the host. therefore, investigating how a few changes in the viral genome of a nonlethal virus can lead to an alteration in disease, from survivable to immunosuppression and death, would provide valuable information into viral pathogenesis. in addition, we propose that gaining a better insight into how the ... | 2014 | 25214881 |
| phylodynamic reconstruction of o cathay topotype foot-and-mouth disease virus epidemics in the philippines. | reconstructing the evolutionary history, demographic signal and dispersal processes from viral genome sequences contributes to our understanding of the epidemiological dynamics underlying epizootic events. in this study, a bayesian phylogenetic framework was used to explore the phylodynamics and spatio-temporal dispersion of the o cathay topotype of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) that caused epidemics in the philippines between 1994 and 2005. sequences of the fmdv genome encoding the vp1 sh ... | 2014 | 25209700 |
| molecular investigation of foot-and-mouth disease virus in domestic bovids from gharbia, egypt. | an outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) affecting cattle and water buffalo (bubalus bubalis) occurred in egypt during 2012/2013. the present study was undertaken to determine the current strains of the fmd virus (fmdv) and the prevalence of fmd among cattle and buffalo in gharbia, egypt. the diagnostic sensitivity of two rt-pcr assays for the detection of fmdv was evaluated. the results revealed that sat2 was the causative agent. the percentage of infected of animals varied with the detectio ... | 2014 | 25187028 |
| early events in the pathogenesis of foot-and-mouth disease in pigs; identification of oropharyngeal tonsils as sites of primary and sustained viral replication. | a time-course study was performed to elucidate the early events of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) infection in pigs subsequent to simulated natural, intra-oropharyngeal, inoculation. the earliest detectable event was primary infection in the lingual and paraepiglottic tonsils at 6 hours post inoculation (hpi) characterized by regional localization of viral rna, viral antigen, and infectious virus. at this time fmdv antigen was localized in cytokeratin-positive epithelial cells and cd172a-ex ... | 2014 | 25184288 |
| genetic and antigenic characterisation of serotype a fmd viruses from east africa to select new vaccine strains. | vaccine strain selection for emerging foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) outbreaks in enzootic countries can be addressed through antigenic and genetic characterisation of recently circulating viruses. a total of 56 serotype a fmdvs isolated between 1998 and 2012, from central, east and north african countries were characterised antigenically by virus neutralisation test using antisera to three existing and four candidate vaccine strains and, genetically by characterising the full capsid sequen ... | 2014 | 25171846 |
| preliminary validation of direct detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus within clinical samples using reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification coupled with a simple lateral flow device for detection. | rapid, field-based diagnostic assays are desirable tools for the control of foot-and-mouth disease (fmd). current approaches involve either; 1) detection of fmd virus (fmdv) with immuochromatographic antigen lateral flow devices (lfd), which have relatively low analytical sensitivity, or 2) portable rt-qpcr that has high analytical sensitivity but is expensive. loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) may provide a platform upon which to develop field based assays without these drawbacks. t ... | 2014 | 25165973 |
| a refined guinea pig model of foot-and-mouth disease virus infection for assessing the efficacy of antiviral compounds. | an antiviral containment strategy for foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) outbreaks could support or replace current contingency plans in case of an outbreak in europe and could spare many healthy animals from being pre-emptively culled. recently, substantial progress has been made towards the development of small molecule drugs that inhibit fmd virus (fmdv) replication in vitro. for the initial in vivo evaluation of antiviral lead molecules, a refined fmdv-infection model in guinea pigs (gp) is herewi ... | 2016 | 25164494 |
| both foot-and-mouth disease virus and bovine viral diarrhea virus replication are inhibited by mx1 protein originated from porcine. | mx1 protein is i type interferons (ifns)-induced 76-kda guanosine triphosphatases (gtpases) that belong to the dynamin superfamily of large gtpases. mx1 proteins have attracted attention because some display antiviral activity against pathogenic rna and dna viruses. meanwhile, mx1 gene generally exists in organisms or cells of mammalian, fish and chicken. blocking a wide range of rna virus replication by inhibiting nuclear viral mrna synthesis is a unique property of mx1 protein. in order to inv ... | 2015 | 25153459 |
| the silent point mutations at the cleavage site of 2a/2b have no effect on the self-cleavage activity of 2a of foot-and-mouth disease virus. | the 2a region of the foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) polyprotein is 18 amino acids in length, and 2a self-cleavage site (2a/2b) contains a conserved amino acid motif g2a/p2b. to investigate the synonymous codon usage for glycine at the 2a/2b cleavage site of fmdv, 66 2a/2b1 nucleotide sequences were aligned and found that the synonymous codon usage of g2a is conserved and ggg was the most frequently used. to examine the role of synonymous codons for g2a in self-cleavage efficiency of 2a/2b, ... | 2014 | 25152485 |
| infection with foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) induces a natural killer (nk) cell response in cattle that is lacking following vaccination. | natural killer (nk) cells play a role in innate antiviral immunity by directly lysing virus-infected cells and producing antiviral cytokines such as interferon gamma (ifn-γ). we developed a system for characterizing the bovine nk response to foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv), which causes a disease of cloven-hoofed animals and remains a threat to livestock industries throughout the world. il-2 stimulation of pbmc resulted in poor killing of human k562 cells, which are often used as nk target c ... | 2014 | 25150134 |
| forensic interpretation of molecular variation on networks of disease transmission and genetic inheritance. | this paper describes the inference-on-networks (ion) framework for forensic interpretat ion of molecular typing data in cases involving allegations of infectious microbial transmission, association of disease outbreaks with alleged sources, and identifying familial relationships using mitochondrial or y chromosomal dna. the framework is applicable to molecular typing data obtained using any technique, including those based on electrophoretic separations. a key insight is that the networks associ ... | 2014 | 25137141 |
| foot-and-mouth disease in asiatic black bears (ursus thibetanus). | foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) is a highly contagious, debilitating, and globally significant viral disease typically affecting cloven-hoofed hosts. the diagnosis of fmd in bears in vietnam is described. the current study describes a confirmed case of fmd in a bear species, and the clinical signs compatible with fmd in a malayan sun bear. thirteen asiatic black bears (ursus thibetanus) and 1 malayan sun bear (helarctos malayanus) were apparently affected. in august 2011, an adult bear became letha ... | 2014 | 25135011 |
| investigation of foot-and-mouth disease outbreaks in the mbala and kazungula districts of zambia. | foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) is an acute, highly contagious viral infection of domestic and wild cloven-hoofed animals. it is known to be endemic in zambia, with periodic outbreaks occurring in different geographical areas of the country. this study was conducted to investigate the presence of fmd virus (fmdv) in reported fmd-suspected cases in cattle from the kazungula and mbala districts of zambia. sixty epithelial tissues or oesophageal-pharyngeal (op) scrapings (probang samples) were collect ... | 2014 | 25134173 |
| adjuvant effects of l. acidophilus lw1 on immune responses to the foot-and-mouth disease virus dna vaccine in mice. | the adjuvant effects of lactobacillus acidophilus on dna vaccination are not fully understood. it has been hypothesized that swine-derived lactobacillus acidophilus sw1 (lasw1) could function as an immune adjuvant to enhance antigen-specific immune responses after foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) dna vaccination in mice. to evaluate the effect of oral lasw1 on the immune response to a dna vaccine (prc/cmv-vp1) harboring fmd vp1 gene, anti-fmdv antibody and its isotypes, t-cell proliferation, and cyt ... | 2014 | 25119375 |
| a recombinant porcine circovirus type 2 expressing the vp1 epitope of the type o foot-and-mouth disease virus is infectious and induce both pcv2 and vp1 epitope antibodies. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the etiological agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome, a disease that causes huge economic damage in swine industry. a recombinant pcv2 expressing the neutralizing vp1 epitope (aa 141-160) of the foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) was rescued using an infectious cloning technique. the pcv2 antigen and fmdv-vp1 antigenic epitope of the cloned strain recpcv2-cl-vp1 were confirmed by an immunoperoxidase monolayer assay (ipma) and a capture enzyme-l ... | 2014 | 25117547 |
| sequences outside that of residues 93-102 of 3a protein can contribute to the ability of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) to replicate in bovine-derived cells. | foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) is a highly contagious and economically devastating disease of cloven-hoofed animals. during 2010 and 2011, there was an epidemic of the mya-98 lineage of the southeast asia (sea) topotype in east asia, including china. changes in the fmdv 3a protein have been previously reported to be associated with the inability of fmdv to grow in bovine cells and cause disease in cattle. in this paper, we report the generation of a full-length infectious cdna clone of fmdv o/sea/ ... | 2014 | 25116389 |
| capsid protein vp4 of human rhinovirus induces membrane permeability by the formation of a size-selective multimeric pore. | non-enveloped viruses must deliver their viral genome across a cell membrane without the advantage of membrane fusion. the mechanisms used to achieve this remain poorly understood. human rhinovirus, a frequent cause of the common cold, is a non-enveloped virus of the picornavirus family, which includes other significant pathogens such as poliovirus and foot-and-mouth disease virus. during picornavirus cell entry, the small myristoylated capsid protein vp4 is released from the virus, interacts wi ... | 2014 | 25102288 |
| inhibition of the foot-and-mouth disease virus subgenomic replicon by rna aptamers. | we have previously documented the inhibitory activity of rna aptamers to the rna-dependent rna polymerase of foot-and-mouth disease virus (3d(pol)). here we report their modification and use with a subgenomic replicon incorporating gfp (pgfp-pac replicon), allowing replication to be monitored and quantified in real-time. gfp expression in transfected bhk-21 cells reached a maximum at approximately 8 h post-transfection, at which time change in morphology of the cells was consistent with a virus- ... | 2014 | 25096816 |
| no significant differences in the breadth of the foot-and-mouth disease serotype a vaccine induced antibody responses in cattle, using different adjuvants, mixed antigens and different routes of administration. | inactivated whole virus foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) vaccines are used worldwide for protection against fmd, but not all vaccines induce protection against all genetic variants of the same fmd virus serotype. the aim of this study is to investigate whether the "breadth" of the antibody response against different strains of the same fmd virus serotype in cattle could be improved by using a different adjuvant, a mix of antigens and/or different routes of administration. to this end, six groups of ... | 2014 | 25092634 |
| induction and suppression of innate antiviral responses by picornaviruses. | the family picornaviridae comprises of small, non-enveloped, positive-strand rna viruses and contains many human and animal pathogens including enteroviruses (e.g. poliovirus, coxsackievirus, enterovirus 71 and rhinovirus), cardioviruses (e.g. encephalomyocarditis virus), hepatitis a virus and foot-and-mouth disease virus. picornavirus infections activate a cytosolic rna sensor, mda5, which in turn, induces a type i interferon response, a crucial component of antiviral immunity. moreover, picorn ... | 2014 | 25086453 |
| a critical role of interferon-induced protein ifp35 in the type i interferon response in cells induced by foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) protein 2c. | foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) protein 2c is one of the most highly conserved viral proteins among the serotypes of fmdv. however, its effect on host cell response is not very clear. in our previous report, we showed that fmdv protein 2c interacts with cellular protein n-myc and stat interactor (nmi), inducing moderate apoptosis in cells. here, we show that transfection of hek293t cells with pegfp-n1-2c or pegfp-n1-nmi induces activation of type i interferon promoters, leading to delayed ve ... | 2014 | 25085622 |
| characterization of monoclonal antibodies against foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype o and application in identification of antigenic variation in relation to vaccine strain selection. | foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) has severe implications for animal farming which leads to considerable financial losses because of its rapid spread, high morbidity and loss of productivity. for these reasons, the use of vaccine is often favoured to prevent and control fmd. selection of the proper vaccine is extremely difficult because of the antigenic variation within fmdv serotypes. the aim of the current study was to produce a panel of mabs and use it for the characterization of new isolates of f ... | 2014 | 25085313 |
| development of a multiplex luminex assay for detecting swine antibodies to structural and nonstructural proteins of foot-and-mouth disease virus in taiwan. | foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) and swine vesicular disease (svd) are serious vesicular diseases that have devastated swine populations throughout the world. the aim of this study was to develop a multianalyte profiling (xmap) luminex assay for the differential detection of antibodies to the fmd virus of structural proteins (sp) and nonstructural proteins (nsp). | 2016 | 25074628 |
| effects of germanium biotite supplement on immune responses of vaccinated mini-pigs to foot-and-mouth disease virus challenge. | since the outbreaks of foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) in south korea in 2010-2011, a trivalent vaccine has been used as a routine vaccination. despite the high efficacy of the trivalent vaccine, low antibody formation was reported in the pig industry and there is considerable concern about the ability of the vaccine to protect against the andong strain responsible for recent outbreaks in south korea. to overcome these problems, immunostimulators have been widely used to improve vaccine efficacy in ... | 2015 | 25058651 |
| presentation of epitope sequences from foreign viruses on the surface of apple latent spherical virus particles. | apple latent spherical virus (alsv) has small isometric particles that are comprised of two single-stranded rna species (rna1 and rna2) and three capsid proteins (vp25, vp20, and vp24). we constructed alsv vectors for presenting foreign peptides on the surface of virus particles. in these vectors, peptides can be fused to either of two c-terminal regions of vp20 (amino acid positions between g171 and p172 or between p172 and l173) or the c-terminus (t192) of vp24. an alsv vector presenting the e ... | 2014 | 25058477 |
| first finding of southeast asia topotype of foot-and-mouth disease virus in kinmen, taiwan, in the 2012 outbreak. | foot-and-mouth disease virus, a member of genus aphthovirus within the family picornaviridae, affects cloven-hoofed animals, causing foot-and-mouth disease characterized by vesicle development. the southeast asia topotype, one of the topotypes within serotype o of the virus, is prevalent in some asian countries, but had not previously been found in taiwan. the topotype was first found in pigs in kinmen island, taiwan, in 2012 and identified by nucleotide sequence comparison and phylogenetic anal ... | 2014 | 25056674 |
| effects of two amino acid substitutions in the capsid proteins on the interaction of two cell-adapted panasia-1 strains of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype o with heparan sulfate receptor. | some cell-adapted strains of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) can utilize heparan sulfate (hs) as a receptor to facilitate viral infection in cultured cells. a number of independent sites on the capsid that might be involved in fmdv-hs interaction have been studied. however, the previously reported residues do not adequately explain hs-dependent infection of two cell-adapted panasia-1 strains (o/tibet/cha/6/99tc and o/fujian/cha/9/99tc) of fmdv serotype o. to identify the molecular determinan ... | 2014 | 25056022 |
| expression of porcine fusion protein irf7/3(5d) efficiently controls foot-and-mouth disease virus replication. | several studies have demonstrated that the delivery of type i, ii, or iii interferons (ifns) by inoculation of a replication-defective human adenovirus 5 (ad5) vector expressing ifns can effectively control foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) in cattle and swine during experimental infections. however, relatively high doses are required to achieve protection. in this study, we identified the functional properties of a porcine fusion protein, poirf7/3(5d), as a biotherapeutic and enhancer of ifn activit ... | 2014 | 25031341 |
| induction of protection against foot-and-mouth disease virus in cell culture and transgenic suckling mice by mirna targeting integrin αv receptor. | foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) is an rna virus that causes a highly contagious disease in domestic and wild cloven-hoofed animals. although vaccination has been used to protect animals against fmdv, there are shortcomings in the efficacy of the available vaccines. rna interference (rnai) is triggered by small rna molecules, including short interfering rnas and micrornas (mirnas), and the use of rnai-based methods have demonstrated promise as an alternative method of controlling the transmis ... | 2014 | 25016204 |
| development of tailored real-time rt-pcr assays for the detection and differentiation of serotype o, a and asia-1 foot-and-mouth disease virus lineages circulating in the middle east. | rapid and accurate diagnosis is essential for effective control of foot-and-mouth disease (fmd). in countries where fmd is endemic, identification of the serotypes of the causative virus strains is important for vaccine selection and tracing the source of outbreaks. in this study, real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rrt-pcr) assays using primer/probe sets designed from the vp1 coding region of the virus genomes were developed for the specific detection of serotype o, a and ... | 2014 | 25016065 |
| morphologic and phenotypic characteristics of myocarditis in two pigs infected by foot-and mouth disease virus strains of serotypes o or a. | myocarditis is often cited as the cause of fatalities associated with foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) infection. however, the pathogenesis of fmdv-associated myocarditis has not been described in detail. the current report describes substantial quantities of fmdv in association with a marked mononuclear inflammatory reaction, interstitial edema and cardiomyocyte degeneration in the myocardium of two pigs that died during acute infection with either of two different strains of fmdv. despite s ... | 2014 | 25015718 |
| serosurveillance of foot-and-mouth disease virus in selected livestock-wildlife interface areas of tanzania. | foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) is caused by a virus of the genus aphthorvirus of the family picornaviridae. there is great scientific need for determining the transmission dynamics of fmd virus (fmdv) by drawing more attention to the livestock-wildlife interface areas. a variety of literature suggests that buffalo could serve as reservoir of fmdv in wildlife and cattle. however, many fmdv research studies conducted on experimentally infected cattle as carriers and groups of animal highly susceptib ... | 2014 | 25005680 |
| rapid, sensitive and effective diagnostic tools for foot-and-mouth disease virus in africa. | speed is paramount in the diagnosis of highly infectious diseases, such as foot-and-mouth disease (fmd), as well as for emerging diseases; however, simplicity is required if a test is to be deployed in the field. recent developments in molecular biology have enabled the specific detection of fmd virus (fmdv) by reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp), real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-qpcr) and sequencing. rt-lamp enables amplification o ... | 2014 | 25005362 |
| molecular survey for foot-and-mouth disease virus in livestock in tanzania, 2008-2013. | phylogeography data are of paramount importance in studying the molecular epidemiology dynamics of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv). in this study, epithelial samples and oesophageal-pharyngeal fluids were collected from 361 convalescent animals (cattle and buffaloes) in the field throughout tanzania between 2009 and 2013. the single plex real-time rt-pcr (qrt-pcr) assay for rapid and accurate diagnosis of fmdv employing the callahan 3df-2, 3df-r primers and callahan 3dp-1 probe were used. pr ... | 2014 | 25005022 |
| spatial and temporal distribution of foot-and-mouth disease virus in the lake zone of tanzania. | this study was conducted to determine the spatiotemporal distribution of foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) virus (fmdv) serotypes and evaluate the awareness of livestock keepers about fmd in tanzania. an observational prospective study involving serological analysis, fmdv antigen detection and questionnaire survey was carried out in the lake zone of tanzania. seroprevalence of antibodies to the nonstructural protein 3abc of fmdv and serotype-specific antigen detection were investigated by using svano ... | 2014 | 25005020 |
| recombinant viral capsid protein vp1 suppresses lung cancer metastasis by inhibiting cox-2/pge2 and mig-7. | recombinant capsid protein vp1 (rvp1) of foot-and-mouth disease virus binds to integrins to modulate akt/gsk3-β signaling and suppress migration/invasion and metastasis of cancer cells, but the underlying molecular mechanism is unclear. here, we showed that the rvp1-mediated inhibition of akt/gsk3-β signaling and cell migration/invasion was accompanied by downregulation in phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-triphosphate (pip3), integrin-linked kinase (ilk) and ikk/nf-κb signaling as well as suppressio ... | 2014 | 25004182 |
| laboratory animal models to study foot-and-mouth disease: a review with emphasis on natural and vaccine-induced immunity. | laboratory animal models have provided valuable insight into foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) pathogenesis in epidemiologically important target species. while not perfect, these models have delivered an accelerated time frame to characterize the immune responses in natural hosts and a platform to evaluate therapeutics and vaccine candidates at a reduced cost. further expansion of these models in mice has allowed access to genetic mutations not available for target species, providing a powerf ... | 2014 | 25000962 |
| sequence adaptations affecting cleavage of the vp1/2a junction by the 3c protease in foot-and-mouth disease virus-infected cells. | the foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) capsid protein precursor p1-2a is cleaved by the virus-encoded 3c protease to vp0, vp3, vp1 and 2a. it was shown previously that modification of a single amino acid residue (k210e) within the vp1 protein and close to the vp1/2a cleavage site, inhibited cleavage of this junction and produced 'self-tagged' virus particles. a second site substitution (e83k) within vp1 was also observed within the rescued virus [gullberg et al. (2013). j virol 87: , 11591-1160 ... | 2014 | 25000961 |
| comparative evaluation of non-structural protein-antibody detecting elisas for foot-and-mouth disease sero-surveillance under intensive vaccination. | foot-and-mouth disease is a highly infectious and contagious disease of livestock animals with transboundary and economical importance. animals in the endemic settings are regularly vaccinated in addition to intensive surveillance for control of the disease. under intensive vaccination, detection of infected animals among the vaccinated population is essential to monitor the infection and to track down the virus movement. sero-surveillance and retrospective disease diagnosis is performed primari ... | 2014 | 24996132 |
| swine interferon-induced transmembrane protein, sifitm3, inhibits foot-and-mouth disease virus infection in vitro and in vivo. | the interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (ifitm3) is a widely expressed potent antiviral effector of the host innate immune system. it restricts a diverse group of pathogenic, enveloped viruses, by interfering with endosomal fusion. in this report, the swine ifitm3 (sifitm3) gene was cloned. it shares the functionally conserved cd225 domain and multiple critical amino acid residues (y19, f74, f77, r86 and y98) with its human ortholog, which are essential for antiviral activity. ectopic exp ... | 2014 | 24973762 |
| protection against rift valley fever virus infection in mice upon administration of interferon-inducing rna transcripts from the fmdv genome. | in this work we have addressed the effect of synthetic, non-infectious, rna transcripts, mimicking structural domains of the non-coding regions (ncrs) of the foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) genome on the infection of mice with rift valley fever virus (rvfv). groups of 5 mice were inoculated intraperitoneally (i.p.) with 200 μg of synthetic rna resembling the 5'-terminal s region, the internal ribosome entry site (ires) or the 3'-ncr of the fmdv genome. rna inoculation was performed 24h befor ... | 2014 | 24973761 |
| influence of antibodies transferred by colostrum in the immune responses of calves to current foot-and-mouth disease vaccines. | immunity to currently used oil-adjuvanted inactivated vaccines against foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) has been studied in detail in adult animals; however, the influence of maternally derived antibodies transferred through colostrum (mat-abs) in the immune responses of vaccinated calves is less clear. here, we report the anti-fmdv humoral responses elicited in calves with or without mat-abs that received one or two doses of the current tetravalent oil-adjuvanted commercial vaccine used in a ... | 2014 | 24968156 |
| magnesium-dependent folding of a picornavirus ires element modulates rna conformation and eif4g interaction. | internal ribosome entry site (ires) elements are high-order rna structures that promote internal initiation of translation to allow protein synthesis under situations that compromise the general cap-dependent translation mechanism. picornavirus ires elements are highly efficient elements with a modular rna structure organization. here we investigated the effect of mg(2+) concentration on the local flexibility and solvent accessibility of the foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) ires element measu ... | 2014 | 24961997 |
| a pig tonsil cell culture model for evaluating oral, low-dose ifn-α treatments. | oral, low-dose ifn-α treatments proved effective in several models of viral infections and immunopathological conditions. also, they do not give rise to the serious side effects observed after parenteral inoculation of high doses (10(5)u/kg b.w. and higher). there is convincing evidence that such treatments work through an early, effective interaction with oral lymphoid tissues before the ifn-α molecules are rapidly destroyed by gut enzymes. yet, the paucity of detailed information about these c ... | 2014 | 24951265 |
| [progress in insertion sites for foreign sequence of foot and mouth disease virus]. | with the progess in studying gene structure and function of foot and mouth disease virus (fmdv), fmdv can express exogenous genes in different sites. through transforming and modifying fmdv can achieve different application purposes such as improving virus titer, introducing tag, improving immune responses, and reducing pathogenicity. from the perspective of fmdv receiving inserted exogenous gene, this paper mainly describes the latest relevant developments of fmdv's expression to exogenous gene ... | 2014 | 24945052 |
| detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus rna and capsid protein in lymphoid tissues of convalescent pigs does not indicate existence of a carrier state. | a systematic study was performed to investigate the potential of pigs to establish and maintain persistent foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) infection. infectious virus could not be recovered from sera, oral, nasal or oropharyngeal fluids obtained after resolution of clinical infection with any of five fmdv strains within serotypes a, o and asia-1. furthermore, there was no isolation of live virus from tissue samples harvested at 28-100 days post-infection from convalescent pigs recovered from ... | 2016 | 24943477 |
| experimental infection of cattle and goats with a foot-and-mouth disease virus isolate from the 2010 epidemic in japan. | in this study, we carried out experimental infections in cattle and goats using a foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) isolate from the 2010 epidemic in japan to analyze clinical manifestations, virus-shedding patterns and antibody responses in the animals. we found that the fmdv o/jpn/2010 isolate is virulent in cattle and goats, produces clinical signs, is spread efficiently by direct contact within the same species, and is persistently infectious in cattle. quantitative analysis of levels of v ... | 2014 | 24938483 |
| proof of principle: non-invasive sampling for early detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus infection in wild boar using a rope-in-a-bait sampling technique. | in this study we describe the use of a rope-in-a-bait sampling method ("pswab": pathogen sampling wild animals with baits) for non-invasive saliva sampling aimed at the detection of foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) viral genome in wild boar. the pswabs are produced in the form of a standardized product by embedding a 10 cm long cotton rope in a cereal-based bait matrix. to assess the general suitability of this novel sampling technique an animal experiment was conducted to detect fmd viral genome in ... | 2014 | 24930983 |
| complete genome sequence of foot-and-mouth disease virus type a circulating in bangladesh. | the complete genome sequence of a foot-and-and mouth disease virus (fmdv) type a strain (ban/ga/sa-197/2013), isolated from gazipur in bangladesh, revealed an 84-nucleotide insertion within the 5'-untranslated region (utr), a lengthened poly(c) tract, and amino acid substitutions at the vp1 region compared to the available genome sequence of the vaccine strain (genbank accession no. hm854025). | 2014 | 24926048 |
| [advances in reverse genetics-based vaccines of foot and mouth disease]. | reverse-genetic engineering of foot and mouth disease virus (fmdv) can improve the productivity, antigen matching, antigen stability, immune response ability, and biological safety of vaccines, so vaccine candidates with anticipated biological characteristics can be promptly achieved. negative influence in taming of virulent strains can also be decreased or avoided. reverse genetics not only make up for deficiencies like limitation of viral nature, low success rate, and time and energy consuming ... | 2014 | 24923178 |
| cellular micrornas and picornaviral infections. | micrornas (mirnas) are a subtype of short, endogenous, and non-coding rnas, which post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression. the mirna-mediated gene silencing mechanism is involved in a wide spectrum of biological processes, such as cellular proliferation, differentiation, and immune responses. picornaviridae is a large family of rna viruses, which includes a number of causative agents of many human and animal diseases viz., poliovirus, foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv), and coxsackievir ... | 2014 | 24921242 |
| rapeseed oil and ginseng saponins work synergistically to enhance th1 and th2 immune responses induced by the foot-and-mouth disease vaccine. | previous investigations demonstrated that saponins isolated from the root of panax ginseng c. a. meyer (i.e., ginseng root saponin [gs-r]) had adjuvant activity. in the present study, the combined effects of rapeseed oil (ro) and gs-r on the immune responses elicited by foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) vaccine were investigated by measuring fmd virus (fmdv)-specific antibody levels, cytokine levels, lymphocyte proliferation, and long-lived igg-secreting plasma cells from bone marrow in a mouse model ... | 2014 | 24920601 |
| complex assembly, crystallization and preliminary x-ray crystallographic analysis of the bovine cd8αα-bola-2*02201 complex. | in order to clarify the structural characteristics of the bovine mhc class i molecule (bola-i) complexed with cd8αα (cd8αα-bola-i), bovine cd8αα, bola-i (bola-2*02201) and β2m were expressed and purified, and were then assembled with a peptide derived from foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv-vp1yy9) and crystallized. the crystal diffracted to 1.7 å resolution and belonged to space group p21, with unit-cell parameters a=53.9, b=103.8, c=61.8 å, α=γ=90, β=96°. the asymmetric unit contained one comp ... | 2014 | 24915083 |
| intratypic heterologous vaccination of calves can induce an antibody response in presence of maternal antibodies against foot-and-mouth disease virus. | maternal antibodies can interfere with foot-and-mouth disease vaccination. in this study we determined whether intratypic heterologous vaccination could help to improve herd immunity. | 2014 | 24906852 |
| assessing the potential spread and maintenance of foot-and-mouth disease virus infection in wild ungulates: general principles and application to a specific scenario in thrace. | foot-and-mouth disease (fmd), due to infection with serotype o virus, occurred in wild boar and within eleven outbreaks in domestic livestock in the south-east of bulgaria, thrace region, in 2011. hence, the issue of the potential for the spread and maintenance of fmd virus (fmdv) infection in a population of wild ungulates became important. this assessment focused on the spread and maintenance of fmdv infection within a hypothetical wild boar and deer population in an environment, which is char ... | 2016 | 24903641 |
| induction of protective immune response against both pprv and fmdv by a novel recombinant pprv expressing fmdv vp1. | peste des petits ruminants (ppr) and foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) are both highly contagious diseases of small domestic and wild ruminants caused by the ppr virus (pprv) and the fmd virus (fmdv). in this study, a recombinant pprv expressing the fmdv vp1 gene (rpprv/vp1) was generated and fmdv vp1 expression did not impair replication of the recombinant virus in vitro and immunogenicity in inducing neutralizing antibody against ppr in goats. vaccination with one dose of rpprv/vp1 induced fmdv neu ... | 2014 | 24898430 |
| foot-and-mouth disease virus low-fidelity polymerase mutants are attenuated. | previous studies have shown that rna viruses can be attenuated by either increased or decreased viral polymerase replication fidelity. although foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) high-fidelity rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) variants with an attenuated phenotype have been isolated using mutagens, no fmdv mutant with a low-fidelity polymerase has been documented to date. here, we describe the generation of several fmdv rdrp mutants using site-directed mutagenesis via a reverse genetic system ... | 2014 | 24888311 |
| estimation of the transmission of foot-and-mouth disease virus from infected sheep to cattle. | the quantitative role of sheep in the transmission of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) is not well known. to estimate the role of sheep in the transmission of fmdv, a direct contact transmission experiment with 10 groups of animals each consisting of 2 infected lambs and 1 contact calf was performed. secretions and excretions (oral swabs, blood, urine, faeces and probang samples) from all animals were tested for the presence of fmdv by virus isolation (vi) and/or rt-pcr. serum was tested for ... | 2014 | 24886222 |
| evaluation of a 3a-truncated foot-and-mouth disease virus in pigs for its potential as a marker vaccine. | foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) is a highly contagious and economically devastating disease of cloven-hoofed animals in the world. the disease can be effectively controlled by vaccination of susceptible animals with the conventional inactivated vaccine. however, one major concern of the inactivated fmd virus (fmdv) vaccine is that it does not allow serological discrimination between infected and vaccinated animals, and therefore interferes with serologic surveillance and the epidemiology of disease ... | 2014 | 24885414 |
| the use of an adeno-associated viral vector for efficient bicistronic expression of two genes in the central nervous system. | recombinant adeno-associated viral (aav) vectors are one of the most promising therapeutic delivery systems for gene therapy to the central nervous system (cns). preclinical testing of novel gene therapies requires the careful design and production of aav vectors and their successful application in a model of cns injury. one major limitation of aav vectors is their limited packaging capacity (<5 kb) making the co-expression of two genes (e.g., from two promoters) difficult. an internal ribosomal ... | 2014 | 24838969 |
| transmission of foot-and-mouth disease virus from experimentally infected indian buffalo (bubalus bubalis) to in-contact naïve and vaccinated indian buffalo and cattle. | this study investigated the transmission of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) from experimentally infected indian buffalo to in-contact naïve and vaccinated cattle and buffalo. in each of six rooms, two donor buffalo that had been inoculated with fmdv were housed for five days with four recipient animals, comprising one vaccinated buffalo, one vaccinated calf, one unvaccinated buffalo and one unvaccinated calf. vaccination was carried out with current indian vaccine strain (o/ind/r2/75) and ch ... | 2014 | 24837776 |
| determining the epitope dominance on the capsid of a serotype sat2 foot-and-mouth disease virus by mutational analyses. | monoclonal-antibody (mab)-resistant mutants were used to map antigenic sites on foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv), which resulted in the identification of neutralizing epitopes in the flexible βg-βh loop in vp1. for fmdv sat2 viruses, studies have shown that at least two antigenic sites exist. by use of an infectious sat2 cdna clone, 10 structurally exposed and highly variable loops were identified as putative antigenic sites on the vp1, vp2, and vp3 capsid proteins of sat2/zimbabwe (zim)/7/83 ... | 2014 | 24829347 |
| potential applications for antiviral therapy and prophylaxis in bovine medicine. | viral disease is one of the major causes of financial loss and animal suffering in today's cattle industry. increases in global commerce and average herd size, urbanization, vertical integration within the industry and alterations in global climate patterns have allowed the spread of pathogenic viruses, or the introduction of new viral species, into regions previously free of such pathogens, creating the potential for widespread morbidity and mortality in naïve cattle populations. despite this, ... | 2014 | 24810855 |
| cpg odn nanorings induce ifnα from plasmacytoid dendritic cells and demonstrate potent vaccine adjuvant activity. | cpg oligodeoxynucleotides (odn) are short single-stranded synthetic dna molecules that activate the immune system and have been found to be effective for preventing and treating infectious diseases, allergies, and cancers. structurally distinct classes of synthetic odn expressing cpg motifs differentially activate human immune cells. k-type odn (k-odn), which have progressed into human clinical trials as vaccine adjuvants and immunotherapeutic agents, are strong activators of b cells and trigger ... | 2014 | 24807558 |