Publications

the vaccinia virus dna polymerase and its processivity factor.	vaccinia virus is the prototypic poxvirus. the 192 kilobase double-stranded dna viral genome encodes most if not all of the viral replication machinery. the vaccinia virus dna polymerase is encoded by the e9l gene. sequence analysis indicates that e9 is a member of the b family of replicative polymerases. the enzyme has both polymerase and 3'-5' exonuclease activities, both of which are essential to support viral replication. genetic analysis of e9 has identified residues and motifs whose altera ...	2017	28159613
logiq e9 shear wave elastrography for detection of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis c virus.	shear wave elastography (swe) is an emerging technology that assesses hepatic fibrosis. the aim of our study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of general electric (ge) healthcare's logiq e9 swe in patients with chronic hepatitis c virus using liver biopsy as the reference standard.	2016	27812720
poxvirus uracil-dna glycosylase-an unusual member of the family i uracil-dna glycosylases.	uracil-dna glycosylases are ubiquitous enzymes, which play a key role repairing damages in dna and in maintaining genomic integrity by catalyzing the first step in the base excision repair pathway. within the superfamily of uracil-dna glycosylases family i enzymes or ungs are specific for recognizing and removing uracil from dna. these enzymes feature conserved structural folds, active site residues and use common motifs for dna binding, uracil recognition and catalysis. within this family the e ...	2016	27684934
molecular identification of human enteroviruses associated with aseptic meningitis in yunnan province, southwest china.	human enteroviruses (evs) are the major causative agents of aseptic meningitis. in this study, a total of 524 children were admitted to the children kunming hospital (continental china) for aseptic meningitis manifestations in 2009 and 2010. an ev infection was diagnosed in 85/524 children (16.2 %) and the viruses detected were assigned to 16 serotypes. most serotypes belonged to the enterovirus b species. echovirus 9 was predominant (24.7 %), followed by coxsackievirus b5 (23.5 %) and then echo ...	2016	27652088
structural analysis of point mutations at the vaccinia virus a20/d4 interface.	the vaccinia virus polymerase holoenzyme is composed of three subunits: e9, the catalytic dna polymerase subunit; d4, a uracil-dna glycosylase; and a20, a protein with no known enzymatic activity. the d4/a20 heterodimer is the dna polymerase cofactor, the function of which is essential for processive dna synthesis. the recent crystal structure of d4 bound to the first 50 amino acids of a20 (d4/a201-50) revealed the importance of three residues, forming a cation-π interaction at the dimerization ...	2016	27599859
human sentinel surveillance of influenza and other respiratory viral pathogens in border areas of western cambodia.	little is known about circulation of influenza and other respiratory viruses in remote populations along the thai-cambodia border in western cambodia. we screened 586 outpatients (median age 5, range 1-77) presenting with influenza-like-illness (ili) at 4 sentinel sites in western cambodia between may 2010 and december 2012. real-time reverse transcriptase (rrt) pcr for influenza was performed on combined nasal and throat specimens followed by viral culture, antigenic analysis, antiviral suscept ...	2016	27028323
echovirus serotypes circulating in malaysia from 2002 to 2013.	to identify the circulating serotypes of human echovirus in malaysia from 2002 to 2013.	2016	26972396
carbon nanotubes supported tyrosinase in the synthesis of lipophilic hydroxytyrosol and dihydrocaffeoyl catechols with antiviral activity against dna and rna viruses.	hydroxytyrosol and dihydrocaffeoyl catechols with lipophilic properties have been synthesized in high yield using tyrosinase immobilized on multi-walled carbon nanotubes by the layer-by-layer technique. all synthesized catechols were evaluated against a large panel of dna and rna viruses, including poliovirus type 1, echovirus type 9, herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1), herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2), coxsackievirus type b3 (cox b3), adenovirus type 2 and type 5 and cytomegalovirus (cmv). ...	2015	26260341
[clinical, epidemiological and etiological studies of adult aseptic meningitis: report of 13 cases with mumps meningitis].	we experienced 13 cases (29.8 ± 7.0 years) of mumps meningitis and 365 cases of adult aseptic meningitis during 11 years from 2004 to 2014. a small epidemic of mumps occurred for 3-4 years, and the incidence rate of adult mumps meningitis coincided with the epidemic without seasonal fluctuation. parotitis was observed in 8 of the 13 mumps meningitis patients (61.5%) and orchitis in 2 of 7 male patients (28.6%). there were no differences in clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, and outcom ...	2015	26156258
a case of fulminant hepatitis due to echovirus 9 in a patient on maintenance rituximab therapy for follicular lymphoma.	rituximab is a cd20 monoclonal antibody commonly used in the treatment of haematological malignancies. it causes lymphopenia with subsequent compromised humoral immunity resulting in an increased risk of infection. a number of infections and viral reactivations have been described as complicating rituximab therapy. we report an apparently unique case of echovirus 9 (an enterovirus) infection causing an acute hepatitis and significant morbidity in an adult patient on maintenance treatment of ritu ...	2015	26106492
prevalence of coxsackievirus a6 and enterovirus 71 in hand, foot and mouth disease in nanjing, china in 2013.	although hand, foot and mouth disease (hfmd) has been strongly associated with enterovirus 71 (ev71), coxsackievirus a16 (cva16) and other enteroviruses, studies regarding coxsackievirus a6 (cva6) infection in hfmd are limited. the aim of this study was to identify the major etiological agents causing hfmd in nanjing in 2013 and explore the clinical and genetic characteristics of the prevalent enterovirus (ev) types in hfmd.	2015	26090576
crystal structure of the vaccinia virus uracil-dna glycosylase in complex with dna.	vaccinia virus polymerase holoenzyme is composed of the dna polymerase catalytic subunit e9 associated with its heterodimeric co-factor a20·d4 required for processive genome synthesis. although a20 has no known enzymatic activity, d4 is an active uracil-dna glycosylase (ung). the presence of a repair enzyme as a component of the viral replication machinery suggests that, for poxviruses, dna synthesis and base excision repair is coupled. we present the 2.7 å crystal structure of the complex forme ...	2015	26045555
acute meningoencephalitis associated with echovirus 9 infection in sri lanka, 2009.	the aetiology of acute meningoencephalitis in sri lankan children and adults is poorly understood. this study was carried out to determine pathogens responsible for meningoencephalitis in sri lanka. a hospital-based cross-sectional study was performed using cerebrospinal fluid samples (22 adult and 17 pediatric) collected from august to december 2009 from patients clinically diagnosed with acute meningoencephalitis at two tertiary care hospitals in sri lanka. routine microbiology for bacterial p ...	2015	25983131
[etiology and molecular-epidemiological characteristics of viral meningoencephalitis of zhejiang province in 2013].	to investigate pathogens and molecular-epidemiology characteristics of viral meningoencephalitis in the monitoring sites of zhejiang province, 2013.	2015	25975409
localized exanthem due to echovirus 9.		2015	25919440
dynamic constitution of the pathogens inducing encephalitis in hand, foot and mouth disease in kunming, 2009-2011.	hand, foot and mouth disease (hfmd), caused by various viral pathogens, is an emerging infectious disease in children in asia. understanding the composition of these pathogens is necessary to prevent and control this disease. in the present study, the pathogens in 436 hfmd patients (from 2009 to 2011) with concurrent clinical indications of encephalitis, meningoencephalitis, or both, were defined using the semi-nested pcr. a systematic analysis of the composition of these pathogens was performed ...	2015	25866107
sepsis and meningitis caused by pasteurella multocida and echovirus 9 in a neonate.		2014	25386969
[clinical, epidemiological, and etiological studies of aseptic meningitis in adults].	from summer to autumn, we noted the occurrence of a small epidemic of aseptic meningitis in adults. over the last 10 years, we have encountered 203 male (mean age, 34.6 ± 15.0 years) and 157 female (mean age, 35.6 ± 16.3 years) patients with aseptic meningitis. we could identify the causative virus in 17 (81%) of 21 cases during the abovementioned months in 2012. identification rates of the virus in the stool, cerebrospinal fluid, throat swab, and serum samples were 71%, 67%, 42%, and 5%, respec ...	2014	25342012
identification and characterization of unrecognized viruses in stool samples of non-polio acute flaccid paralysis children by simplified vidisca.	the use of sequence independent methods combined with next generation sequencing for identification purposes in clinical samples appears promising and exciting results have been achieved to understand unexplained infections. one sequence independent method, virus discovery based on cdna amplified fragment length polymorphism (vidisca) is capable of identifying viruses that would have remained unidentified in standard diagnostics or cell cultures.	2014	25112200
cell labeling and injection in developing embryonic mouse hearts.	testing the fate of embryonic or pluripotent stem cell-derivatives in in vitro protocols has led to controversial outcomes that do not necessarily reflect their in vivo potential. preferably, these cells should be placed in a proper embryonic environment in order to acquire their definite phenotype. furthermore, cell lineage tracing studies in the mouse after labeling cells with dyes or retroviral vectors has remained mostly limited to early stage mouse embryos with still poorly developed organs ...	2014	24797676
crystal structure of the vaccinia virus dna polymerase holoenzyme subunit d4 in complex with the a20 n-terminal domain.	vaccinia virus polymerase holoenzyme is composed of the dna polymerase e9, the uracil-dna glycosylase d4 and a20, a protein with no known enzymatic activity. the d4/a20 heterodimer is the dna polymerase co-factor whose function is essential for processive dna synthesis. genetic and biochemical data have established that residues located in the n-terminus of a20 are critical for binding to d4. however, no information regarding the residues of d4 involved in a20 binding is yet available. we expres ...	2014	24603707
rubella virus genotype 1g and echovirus 9 as etiologic agents of exanthematous diseases in brazil: insights from phylogenetic analysis.	the aim of the present study was to identify the rubella virus (rv) and enterovirus (ev) genotypes detected during the epidemiological surveillance on exanthematic febrile diseases (vigifex) study and to perform phylogenetic analysis. ten rv- and four ev-positive oropharyngeal samples isolated from cell culture were subjected to rt-pcr and sequencing. genotype 1g and echovirus 9 (e-9) was identified in rv- and ev-positive samples, respectively. the rv 1g genotype has been persisting in brazil si ...	2014	24327091
molecular characterization of enteroviruses associated with neurological infections in spain, 2008.	in order to investigate the etiology of viral neurological infections in spain, a national study was performed in 2008. the results obtained have been published. enteroviruses were the most frequent cause of the aseptic meningitis and infant febrile syndromes. the present report supplements the previous study with the genotyping of the detected enteroviruses. typing was by amplification of partial vp1 region and sequencing in 70 (53%) of the 132 available cerebrospinal fluid samples positive for ...	2013	23893817
a novel enterovirus and parechovirus multiplex one-step real-time pcr-validation and clinical experience.	as the number of new enteroviruses and human parechoviruses seems ever growing, the necessity for updated diagnostics is relevant. we have updated an enterovirus assay and combined it with a previously published assay for human parechovirus resulting in a multiplex one-step rt-pcr assay. the multiplex assay was validated by analysing the sensitivity and specificity of the assay compared to the respective monoplex assays, and a good concordance was found. furthermore, the enterovirus assay was ab ...	2013	23845901
[complete genome sequence characteristics of human echovirus 9 strain isolated in yunnan, china].	to analyze the genomic sequence characteristics of a human echovirus 9(echo-9) strain isolated from a child with hand-foot-mouth disease (hfmd) in kunming, yunnan province, in 2010. the complete genome sequence of a human echovirus 9 strain, msh-km812-2010 was determined. as other human enterovirus, its genome was 7,424 nucleotides (nts) in length and encoded for 2,203 amino acids (aas). in comparison to other human enteroviruses, msh-km812-2010 strain had the highest homology with other strains ...	2013	23757842
a single amino acid substitution in viral vp1 protein alters the lytic potential of clone-derived variants of echovirus 9 dm strain in human pancreatic islets.	in vitro studies with primary human pancreatic islets suggest that several enterovirus serotypes are able to infect and replicate in beta cells. some enterovirus strains are highly cytolytic in vitro whereas others show virus replication with no apparent islet destruction. the capability to induce islet destruction is determined only partially by the virus serotype, since strain specific differences have been detected within some serotypes including echovirus 9 (e-9). in this study, the viral ge ...	2013	23595636
endocytosis of integrin-binding human picornaviruses.	picornaviruses that infect humans form one of the largest virus groups with almost three hundred virus types. they include significant enteroviral pathogens such as rhino-, polio-, echo-, and coxsackieviruses and human parechoviruses that cause wide range of disease symptoms. despite the economic importance of picornaviruses, there are no antivirals. more than ten cellular receptors are known to participate in picornavirus infection, but experimental evidence of their role in cellular infection ...	2012	23227048
low-resolution structure of vaccinia virus dna replication machinery.	smallpox caused by the poxvirus variola virus is a highly lethal disease that marked human history and was eradicated in 1979 thanks to a worldwide mass vaccination campaign. this virus remains a significant threat for public health due to its potential use as a bioterrorism agent and requires further development of antiviral drugs. the viral genome replication machinery appears to be an ideal target, although very little is known about its structure. vaccinia virus is the prototypic virus of th ...	2013	23175373
enterovirus 71 blocks selectively type i interferon production through the 3c viral protein in mice.	type i interferons (ifns) represent an essential innate defense mechanism for controlling enterovirus 71 (ev 71) infection. mice inoculated with ev 71 produced a significantly lower amount of type i ifns than those inoculated with poly (i:c), adenovirus type v, or coxsackievirus b3 (cb3). ev 71 infection, however, mounted a proinflammatory response with a significant increase in the levels of serum and brain interleukin (il)-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, tumor necrosis factor, and ifn-γ ...	2012	22997081
a small molecule screen in yeast identifies inhibitors targeting protein-protein interactions within the vaccinia virus replication complex.	genetic and biochemical data have identified at least four viral proteins essential for vaccinia virus (vacv) dna synthesis: the dna polymerase e9, its processivity factor (the heterodimer a20/d4) and the primase/helicase d5. these proteins are part of the vacv replication complex in which a20 is a central subunit interacting with e9, d4 and d5. we hypothesised that molecules able to modulate protein-protein interactions within the replication complex may represent a new class of compounds with ...	2012	22884885
prolonged viral rna detection in the central nervous system of one-week-old swiss albino mice following coxsackievirus b4 and echovirus 9 infection.	type b coxsackieviruses (cv-b), together with echoviruses (e), are among the most common pathogens encountered in aseptic meningitis and meningoencephalitis. they frequently infect the central nervous system (cns). the mechanisms of virus spreading in the cns are poorly understood. in the present study, we investigated cv-b4 and e-9 spreading and neurotropism within intraperitoneally inoculated one-week-old swiss albino mice.	2012	22398876
[molecular genetic echovirus 9 variants identified in patients with aseptic meningitis in russia in 2007-2009].	in 2009 echovirus 9 caused a higher seasonal incidence of enterovirus infection (evi) and its several outbreaks in a number of regions of russia. analysis of the partial vp1 coding region differentiated 4 phylogenetic lineages of echoviruses 9 variants identified in patients with aseptic meningitis and evi in 2007-2009. one variant of echovirus 9 was most commonly encountered in 2009. echoviruses 9 identified in different areas, which had a high (98.2-100%) homology of nucleotide sequences of th ...	2011	22359948
the association of recombination events in the founding and emergence of subgenogroup evolutionary lineages of human enterovirus 71.	enterovirus 71 (ev71) is responsible for frequent large scale outbreaks of hand, foot and mouth disease worldwide, and represent a major aetiological agent of severe, sometime fatal neurological disease. ev71 variants have been classified into three genogroups (gga, ggb, ggc), the latter two further subdivided into subgenogroups, b1-b5 and c1-c5. to investigate the dual roles of recombination and evolution in the epidemiology and transmission of ev71 worldwide, we performed a large scale genetic ...	2011	22205739
enteroviral meningitis and concurrent peripheral motor axonal polyneuropathy.	enteroviral infections can cause acute flaccid paralysis resulting from anterior myelitis, but the occurrence of axonal polyneuropathy is not well described. we report an 8-year-old boy who presented with symmetric, ascending flaccid paralysis and was diagnosed with concurrent echovirus type 9 viral meningitis.	2011	22016083
[etiology of hand, foot and mouth disease in qingdao during 2008-2009].	an etiology study on hfmd in qingdao region during 2008-2009 was conducted. the virus rna were isolated from throat swabs of hfmd,the ev, ev71 and cva16 were detected by multiplex realtime rt-pcr. for those specimens with ev positive and both ev71 and cva16 negative,a reverese transcription-seminested polymerase chain reaction (rt-snpcr) was perfomed to amplify part sequence of the vp1 gene for sabsequent analysis to identify the serotype. the results indicated that ev71 and cva16 were the major ...	2011	21998955
Synthesis and in vitro study of antiviral and virucidal activity of novel 2-[(4-methyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)sulfanyl]acetamide derivatives.	2-[(4-Methyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)sulfanyl]acetamide derivatives were synthesized and their structures were confirmed by 1H NMR, IR, and elemental analysis. Cytotoxicity of the compounds towards HEK-293 and GMK cells was evaluated. Moreover, the antiviral and virucidal activities of these compounds against human adenovirus type 5 and ECHO-9 virus were assessed. Some of the newly synthesized derivatives have the potential to reduce the viral replication of both tested viruses.	2011	21950156
molecular typing and epidemiology of enteroviruses in cyprus, 2003-2007.	human enteroviruses (hevs) are responsible for a wide spectrum of clinical diseases. even though usually associated with non-specific febrile illness, they are the most common cause of viral meningitis, pose a serious public health problem, especially during outbreaks. rapid detection and identification of hev serotypes, in clinical specimens is important in appropriate patients management and epidemiological investigation. a 5-year study (2003-2007) of clinical specimens from patients with vira ...	2011	21596905
identification of inhibitors that block vaccinia virus infection by targeting the dna synthesis processivity factor d4.	smallpox was globally eradicated 30 years ago by vaccination. the recent threat of bioterrorism demands the development of improved vaccines and novel therapeutics to effectively preclude a reemergence of smallpox. one new therapeutic target is the vaccinia poxvirus processivity complex, comprising d4 and a20 proteins that enable the viral e9 dna polymerase to synthesize extended strands. five compounds identified from an alphascreen assay designed to disrupt a20:d4 binding were shown to be effe ...	2011	21438571
comparison of human parechovirus and enterovirus detection frequencies in cerebrospinal fluid samples collected over a 5-year period in edinburgh: hpev type 3 identified as the most common picornavirus type.	human enteroviruses (evs) and more recently parechoviruses (hpevs) have been identified as the principal viral causes of neonatal sepsis-like disease and meningitis. the relative frequencies of specific ev and hpev types were determined over a 5-year surveillance period using highly sensitive ev and hpev pcr assays for screening 4,168 cerebrospinal fluid (csf) specimens collected from hospitalized individuals between 2005 and 2010 in edinburgh. positive csf samples were typed by sequencing of vp ...	2011	21412796
nonpolio enterovirus and human parechovirus surveillance --- united states, 2006-2008.	enteroviruses, members of the picornaviridae family, are common viruses associated with clinical manifestations ranging from mild respiratory symptoms to serious conditions, including aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, neonatal sepsis, and acute flaccid paralysis. approximately 100 serotypes of nonpolio enteroviruses have been recognized, and some viruses previously classified as enteroviruses, namely echovirus 22 and 23, recently have been reclassified as human parechoviruses (hpevs), a differen ...	2010	21150865
vaccinia virus d4 mutants defective in processive dna synthesis retain binding to a20 and dna.	genome replication is inefficient without processivity factors, which tether dna polymerases to their templates. the vaccinia virus dna polymerase e9 requires two viral proteins, a20 and d4, for processive dna synthesis, yet the mechanism of how this tricomplex functions is unknown. this study confirms that these three proteins are necessary and sufficient for processivity, and it focuses on the role of d4, which also functions as a uracil dna glycosylase (udg) repair enzyme. a series of d4 muta ...	2010	20861259
echoviruses are a major cause of aseptic meningitis in infants and young children in kuwait.	the etiologic agents of aseptic meningitis (am) often include human enteroviruses. the role of enteroviruses causing am in young children was investigated during a 3-year period in kuwait.	2010	20846386
clinical features of echovirus 6 and 9 infections in children.	clinical features of echovirus 6 and 9 infections in children have not been comprehensively evaluated, particularly for sporadic cases.	2010	20729140
evolutionary dynamics and temporal/geographical correlates of recombination in the human enterovirus echovirus types 9, 11, and 30.	the relationship between virus evolution and recombination in species b human enteroviruses was investigated through large-scale genetic analysis of echovirus type 9 (e9) and e11 isolates (n = 85 and 116) from 16 european, african, and asian countries between 1995 and 2008. cluster 1 e9 isolates and genotype d5 and a e11 isolates showed evidence of frequent recombination between the vp1 and 3dpol regions, the latter falling into 23 (e9) and 43 (e11) clades interspersed phylogenetically with 46 3 ...	2010	20610722
[etiology of hand, foot and mouth disease in guangzhou in 2008].	to understand the etiology of hand, foot and mouth disease (hfmd) in guangzhou area in 2008.	2010	20426938
epidemiologic features and virus isolation of enteroviruses in northern taiwan during 2000-2008.	the susceptibility of five cell lines, rd, mrc-5, mk-2, hep-2 and a549, for various serotypes of human enteroviruses was evaluated. rd cells were susceptible to most serotypes of enteroviruses, especially for human enterovirus a. consequently, a high prevalence of human enterovirus a in taiwan may reflect the relative importance of rd cells in the clinical virology laboratory. however, susceptibilities of rd cells to coxsackievirus a9 and a24, and echovirus 9 and 11 were exceptionally low. alter ...	2010	20214926
pyrazole compound bpr1p0034 with potent and selective anti-influenza virus activity.	influenza viruses are a major cause of morbidity and mortality around the world. more recently, a swine-origin influenza a (h1n1) virus that is spreading via human-to-human transmission has become a serious public concern. although vaccination is the primary strategy for preventing infections, influenza antiviral drugs play an important role in a comprehensive approach to controlling illness and transmission. in addition, a search for influenza-inhibiting drugs is particularly important in the f ...	2010	20178582
enteroviruses in spain over the decade 1998-2007: virological and epidemiological studies.	human enteroviruses (hev) are the commonest cause of viral meningitis as well as other pathologies, therefore hev characterization is important both in patient management and epidemiological investigation.	2010	20007023
molecular identification of enteroviruses including two new types (ev-98 and ev-107) isolated from japanese travellers from asian countries.	of 58 enterovirus strains isolated from japanese travellers returning from asian countries, eight were non-serotypable with existing antisera. by sequencing a part of the vp1 region, six of these strains were typed as echovirus 9, enterovirus (ev)-73, ev-79 or ev-97. the nucleotide identity of the vp1 region of isolate t92-1499 to all enterovirus prototypes was <70 %. the vp1 sequence of isolate tn94-0349 was closely related to coxsackievirus (cv)-a9 (73.3 % nucleotide identity), but the virus c ...	2010	19955564
9-arylpurines as a novel class of enterovirus inhibitors.	here we report on a novel class of enterovirus inhibitors that can be structurally described as 9-arylpurines. these compounds elicit activity against a variety of enteroviruses in the low microm range including coxsackie virus a16, a21, a24, coxsackie virus b3, and echovirus 9. structure-activity relationship (sar) studies indicate that a chlorine or bromine atom is required at position 6 of the purine ring for antiviral activity. the most selective compounds in this series inhibited coxsackie ...	2010	19924996
vitronectin receptors, alpha v integrins, are recognized by several non-rgd-containing echoviruses in a continuous laboratory cell line and also in primary human langerhans' islets and endothelial cells.	previously published data suggest that the rgd-recognizing integrin, alphavbeta3, known as the vitronectin receptor, acts as a cellular receptor for rgd-containing enteroviruses, coxsackievirus a9 (cav-9) and echovirus 9 (e-9), in several continuous cell lines as well as in primary human langerhans' islets. as this receptor is also capable of binding the ligands by a non-rgd-dependent mechanism, we investigated whether vitronectin receptors, alpha v integrins, might act as receptors for other ec ...	2010	19776235
abnormal expression of myelination genes and alterations in white matter fractional anisotropy following prenatal viral influenza infection at e16 in mice.	prenatal viral infection has been associated with the development of schizophrenia and autism. our laboratory has previously shown that viral infection causes deleterious effects on brain structure and function in mouse offspring following late first trimester (e9) and late second trimester (e18) administration of influenza virus. we hypothesized that middle second trimester infection (e16) in mice may lead to a different pattern of brain gene expression and structural defects in the developing ...	2009	19487109
[aseptic meningitis season caused by enteroviruses in 2007: molecular-epidemiological aspects].	analysis of manifestation of epidemic process of aseptic meningitis and causes of its activation using molecular genetic methods.	2009	19459473
inhibition of vaccinia virus replication by peptide aptamers.	a20 protein is a major component of the vaccinia virus replication complex. it binds to the dna polymerase e9, the uracil dna glycosylase d4 and the primase/helicase d5, three proteins that are essential for viral dna synthesis. the identification of molecules able to interact with the replication complex and inhibit its activity is a promising strategy for the design of new anti-orthopoxvirus drugs. in this study, we used a yeast genetic approach to select, from combinatorial libraries, 8-mers ...	2009	19428604
development and validation of an immunogold chromatographic test for on-farm detection of prrsv.	an immunochromatographic test strip was developed to detect porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv). the test uses two gold-labeled monoclonal antibodies: d5 against recombinant nucleocapsid protein (rn) and e9 against recombinant m protein (rm). in the test, prrsv binds to a mixture of d5 and e9 labeled with colloidal gold; the complexes move through a membrane and are captured by rabbit anti-rm and anti-rn antibodies at a test line, producing a reddish-purple band because o ...	2009	19427332
abnormal differentiation, hyperplasia and embryonic/perinatal lethality in bk5-t/t transgenic mice.	the cell-of-origin has a great impact on the types of tumors that develop and the stem/progenitor cells have long been considered main targets of malignant transformation. the sv40 (sv40-simian virus 40) large t and small t antigens (t/t), have been targeted to multiple-differentiated cellular compartments in transgenic mice. in most of these studies, transgenic animals develop tumors without apparent defects in animal development. in this study, we used the bovine keratin 5 (bk5) promoter to ta ...	2009	19272531
anti-enterovirus 71 activity screening of chinese herbs with anti-infection and inflammation activities.	antipyretic and toxin-eliminating traditional chinese herbs are believed to possess antiviral activity. in this study, we screened extracts of 22 herbs for activity against enterovirus 71 (ev71). we found that only extracts of houttuynia cordata thunb. could neutralize ev71-induced cytopathic effects in vero cells. the 50% inhibitory concentration of h. cordata extract for ev71 was 125.92 +/- 27.84 mug/ml. antiviral screening of herb extracts was also conducted on 3 genotypes of ev71, coxsackiev ...	2009	19222118
echovirus type 9 is an important cause of viral encephalitis among infants and young children in kuwait.	the role of enteroviruses in encephalitis is not fully established.	2009	19081296
activation of the maternal immune system alters cerebellar development in the offspring.	a common pathological finding in autism is a localized deficit in purkinje cells (pcs). cerebellar abnormalities have also been reported in schizophrenia. using a mouse model that exploits a known risk factor for these disorders, maternal infection, we asked if the offspring of pregnant mice given a mid-gestation respiratory infection have cerebellar pathology resembling that seen in these disorders. we also tested the effects of maternal immune activation in the absence of virus by injection of ...	2009	18755264
dopamine and serotonin levels following prenatal viral infection in mouse--implications for psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and autism.	prenatal viral infection has been associated with neurodevelopmental disorders such as schizophrenia and autism. it has previously been demonstrated that viral infection causes deleterious effects on brain structure and function in mouse offspring following late first trimester (e9) and middle-late second trimester (e18) administration of influenza virus. neurochemical analysis following infection on e18 using this model has revealed significantly altered levels of serotonin, 5-hydroxyindoleacet ...	2008	18693086
identification of polymerase and processivity inhibitors of vaccinia dna synthesis using a stepwise screening approach.	nearly all dna polymerases require processivity factors to ensure continuous incorporation of nucleotides. processivity factors are specific for their cognate dna polymerases. for this reason, the vaccinia dna polymerase (e9) and the proteins associated with processivity (a20 and d4) are excellent therapeutic targets. in this study, we show the utility of stepwise rapid plate assays that (i) screen for compounds that block vaccinia dna synthesis, (ii) eliminate trivial inhibitors, e.g. dna inter ...	2008	18621425
maternal infection leads to abnormal gene regulation and brain atrophy in mouse offspring: implications for genesis of neurodevelopmental disorders.	prenatal viral infection has been associated with development of schizophrenia and autism. our laboratory has previously shown that viral infection causes deleterious effects on brain structure and function in mouse offspring following late first trimester (e9) administration of influenza virus. we hypothesized that late second trimester infection (e18) in mice may lead to a different pattern of brain gene expression and structural defects in the developing offspring. c57bl6j mice were infected ...	2008	18248790
isothiazole derivatives as antiviral agents.	we recently described the synthesis and antiviral activity of the compounds 5-phenyl-3-(4-cyano-5-phenylisothiazol-3-yl) disulphanyl-4-isothiazolecarbonitrile and s-(4-cyano-5-phenylisothiazol -3-yl)-o-ethyl thiocarbonate, which were found to be effective against both hiv-1 (iiib) and hiv-2 (rod). we have now evaluated these compounds against both rna and dna viruses, obtaining high selectivity indexes for poliovirus 1 (si: 223 and 828, respectively) and echovirus 9 (si: 334 and 200, respectivel ...	2007	18046960
echovirus 15 and autumn meningitis outbreak among children, patras, greece, 2005.	enteroviruses are the most common cause of aseptic meningitis, presenting in epidemic or endemic form.	2007	17662647
identification of antibacterial and antiviral activities of novel fused 1,2,4-triazine esters.	the in vitro biological activities of novel derivatives of methyl and ethyl 2-(4-oxo-8-aryl-2h-3,4,6,7-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-c][1,2,4]triazin-3-yl)acetates (3a, 3d-j) have been evaluated and are reported. the final heterobicycles (3a-j) were obtained from monocyclic 1-aryl-2-hydrazonoimidazolidines (2a-f) by addition and cyclization reaction with fumaric acid esters. in particular, compounds 3d and 3e were found to exhibit comparable antibacterial potencies in vitro as that of ampicillin. hetero ...	2007	17572093
downregulated expression of metallothionein and its clinicopathological significance in hepatocellular carcinoma.	aim: metallothionein (mt) protein is related to different stages of development and progression of various tumors in humans. the aim of the present study was to investigate expression and localization of mt and their association with clinicopathological characteristics in hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc). methods: histological specimens of 400 hcc with corresponding non-cancerous liver tissues were stained for mt (e9), p53 and ki-67 by immunohistochemical staining using tissue microarrays. rna exp ...	2007	17517078
genetic and phenotypic diversity of echovirus 30 strains and pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes.	several enterovirus serotypes should be considered as potentially diabetogenic. the capacity of an enterovirus to kill or impair the functions of human beta-cells can vary among the strains within a given serotype as shown previously for echovirus 9 and 30 (e-30). the evolution of e-30 has also shown patterns correlating with the global increase of type 1 diabetes incidence. in the present study, antigenic properties of a set of e-30 isolates were investigated and the results correlated with the ...	2007	17516516
molecular characterization of enteroviruses isolated from patients with aseptic meningitis in korea, 2005.	enteroviruses are the most common causative agents of aseptic meningitis. in 2005, an outbreak of aseptic meningitis occurred in seoul, korea, which appeared to be caused by certain enterovirus strains. this study analyzed the clinical isolates from 24 different aseptic meningitis patients at our center from january to september 2005. serotyping using type-specific antisera, rt-pcr, and direct sequencing of the 5' noncoding and vp1 regions were carried out. the serotyping study identified 15 cox ...	2007	17238012
anti-enterovirus activity and structure-activity relationship of a series of 2,6-dihalophenyl-substituted 1h,3h-thiazolo[3,4-a]benzimidazoles.	despite the fact that enteroviruses are implicated in a variety of human diseases, there is no approved therapy for the treatment of enteroviral infections. here, a series of 2,6-dihalophenyl-substituted 1h,3h-thiazolo[3,4-a]benzimidazoles with anti-enterovirus activity is reported. the compounds elicit potent activity against coxsackievirus a9, echovirus 9 and 11 and all six strains of coxsackievirus b. a structure-activity relationship analysis revealed that the presence of substituents at pos ...	2007	17194441
molecular and epidemiologic analysis of enterovirus b neurological infection in argentine children.	human enteroviruses are one of the major causes of central nervous system (cns) infections in pediatrics.	2006	16982209
enterovirus meningitis in greece from 2003-2005: diagnosis, csf laboratory findings, and clinical manifestations.	enteroviruses (evs) are the most commonly identified cause of aseptic meningitis. rapid detection and characterization of ev meningitis is essential in making decisions for patient management and treatment. a total of 52 cases of acute aseptic meningitis that occurred from march 2003 to april 2005 were investigated for evs using viral culture and/or molecular methods directly in the cerebrospinal fluid (csf). evs were detected in 21 out of 52 (40.4%) patients using reverse transcription-pcr (rt- ...	2006	16960900
comparison of multiple shell vial cell lines for isolation of enteroviruses: a national perspective.	isolation of enterovirus in cell culture is still utilized by clinical laboratories, for vaccine research, and for identifying serotypes for disease surveillance. use of a combination of cell lines is recommended yet this practice has not been rigorously examined for shell vials.	2006	16884950
molecular typing of enteroviruses associated with viral meningitis in cyprus, 2000-2002.	human enteroviruses are responsible for a wide spectrum of clinical diseases affecting many different organ systems. although infection is usually asymptomatic, infections of the central nervous system manifested as meningitis or encephalitis can pose a serious public health problem, especially during outbreaks. in this study, samples from 218 patients diagnosed with enteroviral meningitis between january 2000 and december 2002 were analysed in order to assess the epidemiology of human enterovir ...	2006	16849723
[cloning of f gene of newcastle disease virus heb02 isolate and the study of its dna vaccine].	in order to amplify f gene of ndv heb02 strain, one pair of primers was designed according to the genbank sequence, and a 1.66 kb f gene fragment was obtained by rt-pcr. sequence analysis indicated that the homologies of the nucleotide sequence of heb02 strain to those of f48 e9, la sota and clone30 strains were 88.1%, 84.9% and 83.8% respectively. the expression plasmid psv-f was constructed by inserting the f gene into the pvax1 vector, and transfected into the cultured cos 7 cell line via lip ...	2006	16755925
polioviruses and other enteroviruses isolated from faecal samples of patients with acute flaccid paralysis in australia, 1996-2004.	acute flaccid paralysis (afp) is the most common clinical presentation of acute poliovirus infection, occurring in 0.1-1% of infected cases. afp surveillance has been used world-wide to monitor the control and eradication of circulating wild poliovirus. this study aims to review the significance of all enteroviruses, including polioviruses, isolated from patients with afp in australia between 1996 and 2004.	2006	16737480
enterovirus surveillance--united states, 2002-2004.	enteroviruses are common viruses associated with diverse clinical syndromes, ranging from minor febrile illness to severe, potentially fatal conditions (e.g., aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, paralysis, myocarditis, and neonatal enteroviral sepsis). a total of 68 enterovirus serotypes are recognized, including 65 nonpolio enteroviruses. individual serotypes have different temporal patterns of circulation and can be associated with different clinical manifestations. this report describes trends ...	2006	16484979
vaccinia virus uracil dna glycosylase interacts with the a20 protein to form a heterodimeric processivity factor for the viral dna polymerase.	the vaccinia virus e9 protein, the catalytic subunit of the dna polymerase holoenzyme, is inherently distributive under physiological conditions, although infected cells contain a highly processive form of the enzyme. the viral a20 protein was previously characterized as a stoichiometric component of the processivity factor, and an interaction between a20 and e9 was documented in vivo. a20 has been shown to interact with d4, the virally encoded uracil dna glycosylase (udg), by yeast-two hybrid a ...	2006	16326701
[safety, stability and immunogenicity of an oral dna vaccine against newcastle disease].	mice and 3-day-old chickens were orally inoculated with the recombinant attenuated salmonella typhimurium strain zj111 carrying pcdna3-f expression plasmid encoding the fusion protein of newcastle disease virus (ndv). the results showed that zj111/pcdna3-f was relatively safe. the recombinant plasmid pcdna3-f was stable within the host stain zj111 in vitro and in vivo as shown by restriction enzyme analysis and pcr identification of the f gene. in an experimental vaccination study, 3-day-old chi ...	2003	15969031
characterization of nonpolio enteroviruses recovered from patients with aseptic meningitis in korea.	we attempted to characterize nonpolio enteroviruses recovered from korean patients with aseptic meningitis.	2005	15812181
detection of enterovirus, cytomegalovirus, and chlamydia pneumoniae in atheromas.	to investigate the presence of infectious agents in human atherosclerotic arterial tissues. atherosclerotic plaques were removed from 128 patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy or other bypass procedures for occlusive disease, and from twenty normal arterial wall samples, obtained from transplant donors with no history of diabetes, hypertension, smoking, or hyperlipidemia. using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) or reverse transcription-pcr, these samples were analyzed for the presence of ...	2004	15650686
aseptic meningitis outbreak associated with echovirus 9 among recreational vehicle campers--connecticut, 2003.	aseptic meningitis is an inflammation of the tissues covering the brain and spinal cord and caused by a virus, most frequently an enterovirus. in august 2003, the connecticut department of public health (cdph) received a report of three viral meningitis cases among recreational vehicle (rv) campers staying at a campground in northeastern connecticut. cdph, assisted by cdc, conducted an investigation, which 1) identified a total of 12 cases of aseptic meningitis and 24 cases of enterovirus-like i ...	2004	15306755
buthionine sulfoximine inhibits cytopathic effect and apoptosis induced by infection with human echovirus 9.	we studied the effect of buthionine sulfoximine (bso) on the replication of an isolate of human echovirus 9 (ev9) and the apoptosis induced by it in gmk cells. one hundred microm bso markedly inhibited the cytopathic effect (cpe) induced by ev9. bso also significantly inhibited apoptosis induced by ev9. bso did not influence replication of ev9 genome, but inhibited virion formation. these results suggest that the inhibition by bso of cpe and apoptosis induced by ev9 may be associated with the im ...	2004	15168199
echo 9 virus infection and congenital abnormalities: a negative report.		1962	14456823
a serological survey of antibodies to selected enteroviruses.	sera from various population groups in liberia, colombia, peru and southern louisiana, usa, have been studied for the presence of neutralizing antibodies to the following enteroviruses: poliovirus type 1, coxsackie viruses b5 and a9, and echo viruses e6 and e9. the results obtained indicate that these viruses are world-wide in distribution and that infection (though not necessarily disease) occurs at an early age. variations in antibody patterns occur, most notably with coxsackie b5 virus. envir ...	1962	14453374
an outbreak of disease believed to have been caused by echo 9 virus.		1959	14419127
experimental variation in mouse virulence of echo 9 virus.		1959	14416622
[on the frequency of antibody fixing complement for adenovirus and for echo 9 virus among the personnel of a hospital complex].		1964	14308969
[familial epidemic of exanthematc disease due to echo 9 virus].		1964	14257464
factors affecting echo-9 virus recovery from cerebrospinal fluid.		1964	14224771
kindergarten outbreak of an exanthematous disease caused by echovirus type 9.		1964	14206732
echo 9 virus infection and congenital malformations.		1964	14198229
echo 9 virus infection or galactosemia.		1964	14169654
poliomyelitis-like disease in 1960: mumps and echo 9 virus infections. a combined scottish study.		1964	14143394
a description of echo-9 virus infection in cultured cells. ii. cytochemical observations.		1964	14119168
a description of echo-9 virus infection in cultured cells. i. the cytopathic effect.		1964	14103199
relationship of cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis to recovery of echo 9 virus.		1962	14020082
enterovirus infections in toronto during 1962.	of 37 children from toronto and surrounding districts who developed aseptic meningitis during summer 1962, 17 excreted echo 9 virus in feces and/or cerebrospinal fluid, 12 of whom showed rising or elevated echo 9 antibody levels in paired sera. a further two patients yielded echo 14 virus from cerebrospinal fluid, one of whose feces also contained this virus, and both patients showed rising echo 14 antibody titres. morbilliform rashes without rhinitis or conjunctivitis were encountered in three ...	1963	13932159
[study on echo virus 9 infections].	at ste. justine hospital, montreal, during the period 1957-61, echo 9 virus was isolated in 27 cases, in 20 of these during the summer of 1961. all had evidence of meningeal irritation, accompanied by fever and headache. four of the 20 patients diagnosed during the summer of 1961 had convulsions; 12 presented with a rash; and two simulated meningococcemia. of the 27 patients, two were paralyzed and one case was diagnosed as transverse myelitis. echo 9 virus was isolated from stools and from thro ...	1962	13928026
clinical, epidemiological, and virological aspects of echovirus type 9 infection in sheffield, 1960.		1962	13907890
multiplication of echo 9 virus in suspensions of human leucocytes.		1961	13867594