Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| a retrospective study of spinal cord lesions in goats submitted to 3 veterinary diagnostic laboratories. | a retrospective study of spinal cord lesions in goats was conducted to identify the range of lesions and diseases recognized and to make recommendations regarding the best tissues to examine and tests to conduct in order to maximize the likelihood of arriving at a definitive etiologic diagnosis in goats with clinical signs referable to the spinal cord. twenty-seven goats with a spinal cord lesion were identified. the most common lesion recognized, in 13 of 27 goats, was degenerative myelopathy. ... | 0 | 23204583 |
| computed tomography findings in a 5-year-old australian cashmere goat (capra hircus) suffering leukoencephalomyelitis due to caprine arthritis encephalitis virus. | computed tomography was used to aid in the antemortem diagnosis of leukoencephalomyelitis in a goat infected by caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (caev). imaging results were corroborated by histologic examination. this report discusses various methods of imaging the nervous system and their potential for use in the antemortem diagnosis of caev neurologic changes. | 0 | 24155416 |
| a pathogenetic study of the early connective tissue lesions of viral caprine arthritis-encephalitis. | experiments were designed to correlate morphologic lesions with the presence of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (caev). twenty-one cesarean-derived goat kids were infected with 10(6) to 10(7) tcid50 of virus, killed sequentially, and examined for viral antigens by immunofluorescence, viral infectivity by isolation and titration, and morphologic changes by light microscopy. fluorescent viral antigens were detected from 1 to 10 days postinoculation (dpi) and only in synovial cells. virus was ... | 1980 | 6990770 |
| immune responses of goats persistently infected with caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus. | eight cesarean-derived goat kids were inoculated with caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (caev), and proliferative responses of their peripheral blood mononuclear cells to mitogens and caev antigen were monitored for 9 months. antibody specific for caev was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. five cesarean-derived noninfected goats were tested simultaneously. significant differences between the infected and control mononuclear cell proliferation reactions to caev began 14 days po ... | 1980 | 7399671 |
| the connective tissue component of the caprine arthritis-encephalitis syndrome. | the gross and microscopic connective tissue lesions in 12 goats with caprine arthritis-encephalitis (cae) are described, including those from which a virus (caev) was isolated. lesions were most often associated with synovial-lined structures including joints, tendon sheaths, and bursae, and were typified by synovial cell proliferations, subsynovial mononuclear cell infiltration, the presence of fibrin, fibrinous concretions, necrosis, and mineralization. extrasynovial lesions were located in ki ... | 1980 | 7406019 |
| morphological and immunological comparison of caprine arthritis encephalitis and ovine progressive pneumonia viruses. | caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (caev) causes a variety of pathological conditions ranging from mild to very severe and from acute to chronic, depending upon the age of initial infection and other variables. although the virus has been reported to have properties of characteristic of retroviruses and to be related to maedi-visna virus (also called progressive pneumonia virus [ppv]), relatively little information about its morphological and immunological characteristics has been reported. we ... | 1981 | 6169845 |
| caprine arthritis-encephalitis: clinical features and presence of antibody in selected goat populations. | features of caprine arthritis-encephalitis, a retrovirus disease of domestic goats, were studied in 60 goats over a 10-year period. the rate of progression and the severity of the disease process were highly variable within and among animals, but the most salient features were chronically swollen joints and bursae, lameness, weight loss, poor coat, mineralization of soft tissue, and death. of 1,160 goat serum samples from 24 states tested by the immunodiffusion technique, 81% were positive for a ... | 1981 | 6259112 |
| characterization of the infection of caprine synovial membrane cells by the retrovirus caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus. | 1981 | 7010773 | |
| characterization of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus: a retrovirus of goats. | a retrovirus isolated from synovial membrane explants of arthritic joints of goats has been characterized with respect to buoyant density. rna-dependent dna polymerase, genome structure and protein composition. | 1981 | 6165338 |
| caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus is distinct from visna and progressive pneumonia viruses as measured by genome sequence homology. | competitive inhibition of hybridization between (125)i-labeled caprine arthritis-encephalitis viral rna and homologous cdna by heterologous viral rna shows that the caprine retrovirus shares <20% genome sequence homology with visna and progressive pneumonia viruses. these viruses, however, are indistinguishable in immunodiffusion reactions involving the major structural protein (p28). | 1982 | 6183453 |
| neutralizing antibody response of rabbits and goats to caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus. | rabbits were immunized with purified caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus and examined for neutralizing activity. analysis of virus-antiserum interaction at 37 degrees c demonstrated little loss of viral infectivity after incubation with heat-inactivated rabbit antiserum for 60 min. however, sensitization of virus (as assessed by the addition of complement) occurred almost immediately and was 95% complete after 10 min. the complement-dependent neutralizing activity was associated with the immuno ... | 1982 | 6292102 |
| caprine arthritis-encephalitis: clinicopathologic study. | chronic arthritis caused by caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus was observed after the introduction of new animals into a goat herd. there were high frequency of carpal hygroma and clinical signs of stiffness. the disease was progressive and produced a debilitating lameness among 30% of the affected animals. laboratory findings were limited to alterations in synovial fluid which showed increased numbers of lymphocytes. pathologic changes were observed in the joints, bursae, and adjacent tissues ... | 1982 | 6299137 |
| ultrastructure of arthritis induced by a caprine retrovirus. | the ultrastructure of early retrovirus-induced arthritis was studied sequentially in 20 goat kids inoculated with caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus. synovial lesions began as intercellular edema and collagen fragmentation and continued as progressive mononuclear cell infiltration and lining cell hyperplasia, hypertrophy, and necrosis. at 18 through 45 days after the inoculation, lining cells contained small accumulations of virus-like particles similar to virus seen in infected tissue culture ... | 1982 | 6288054 |
| purification of retrovirus genomic rna suitable for chemical radioiodination. | an efficient method for the purification of genomic rna from the retrovirus, caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus, is described. the method utilizes proteinase k, extraction with sodium perchlorate and chromatography on oligo(dt)-cellulose and results in highly purified rna capable of being chemically iodinated with na125 i to high specific radioactivity. the iodinated rna exhibits 80-90% precipitability in 5% trichloroacetic acid and is greater than or equal to 99% sensitive to hydrolysis by ri ... | 1982 | 6290519 |
| caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus infection of caprine monocytes. | 1982 | 7142965 | |
| isolation of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus from a goat. | caprine arthritis-encephalitis-virus (caev) was isolated from the carpal joint of an anglo-nubian yearling goat with chronic progressive pneumonia and subclinical carpal arthritis. anti-caev antibody was detected in this goat and in nine of 69 goat sera tested from two herds. | 1982 | 16030824 |
| experimental infection of sheep and goats with caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus. | 1982 | 16030828 | |
| preferential immune response to virion surface glycoproteins by caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus-infected goats. | six months after inoculation with caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus, the serum and synovial fluid of virus-infected goats had antibodies to [35s]methionine-labeled viral proteins with apparent molecular weights of 125,000, 90,000, 28,000, and 15,000. the 125,000-, 90,000-, and 15,000-molecular-weight methionine-labeled proteins were identified as virion surface glycoproteins by lactoperoxidase iodination and galactose oxidase-boro[3h]hydride reduction labeling techniques. radioimmunoassay ant ... | 1983 | 6307878 |
| isolation of a syncytium-forming virus from a goat with polyarthritis. | virus particles, morphologically indistinguishable from maedi-visna virus or caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus, were detected in tissue explant cultures prepared post mortem from a goat with joint, lung and kidney lesions similar to those associated with the caprine arthritis-encephalitis complex. serum from this goat and others in its herd of origin gave positive reactions in an agar gel immunodiffusion test for maedi-visna virus antibodies. | 1983 | 6304983 |
| characterisation, experimental infection and serological response to caprine retrovirus. | a virus (151) isolated from synovial membrane explant cultures from a goat with arthritis-synovitis was characterised with respect to cytopathic effect in synovial membrane cell cultures, virus morphology, buoyant density and presence of rna dependent dna polymerase. virus 151 was shown to be a retrovirus with similar properties to caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus in the united states of america. inoculation of the virus into uninfected goats caused the development of arthritis-synovitis les ... | 1983 | 6320790 |
| augmented t lymphocyte responses and abnormal b lymphocyte numbers in goats chronically infected with the retrovirus causing caprine arthritis-encephalitis. | caprine arthritis-encephalitis is a retrovirus-induced disease resulting in lymphoproliferative lesions of the cns and joints. peripheral blood leukocytes of chronically infected goats were analyzed for the types of cells present and for their reactivity to viral antigen and polyclonal stimulants. two of 9 infected goats had abnormal numbers of b lymphocytes--one elevated and the other deficient. lymphocyte reactivity to viral antigens was transiently detectable by a lymphoblastogenic assay in 5 ... | 1983 | 6316820 |
| isolation and preliminary characterization of the jaagsiekte retrovirus (jsrv). | jaagsiekte, or ovine pulmonary adenomatosis, is caused by a recently discovered retrovirus. the virus cannot be cultivated in vitro at present, but a procedure is described for the isolation and purification of small amounts in the form of immune complexes with iga from affected lungs. the virion was shown to possess a 70s rna genome which can be transcribed by an endogenous reverse transcriptase. nine size from 94 000 to 25 000 daltons, were found in purified preparations. using neutralization ... | 1983 | 6676694 |
| activation of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus expression during maturation of monocytes to macrophages. | lentiviruses, which cause arthritis-encephalitis and maedi-visna in goats and sheep, respectively, cause persistent infections in these animals. the viruses replicate productively at low levels in macrophages in diseased organs such as the "maedi lung" and nonproductively in other cell types such as leukocytes in peripheral blood. nonproductive infections become productive during in vitro cultivation of the cells. this study showed that monocytes were the only cells in the peripheral blood leuko ... | 1983 | 6862634 |
| transmission and control of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus. | caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus was isolated from goat milk and transmitted most efficiently to kids through both milk and colostrum. in addition, it appeared that transmissions through other secretions of the doe occurred, but were less important than transmission in milk and colostrum. intrauterine infection may have occurred in 2 of 32 cesarean-derived goats, but postpartum horizontal transmission could not be ruled out. transmission by the aerosol route was not demonstrated, and even sh ... | 1983 | 6625321 |
| immune rabbit sera do not recognize antigenic variants of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus isolated during persistent infection. | isolates of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus recovered 12 to 18 months after infection of goats were tested for neutralization by using rabbit antisera directed to the original inoculum virus. only slight differences in neutralization kinetics between the long-term isolates and the original virus were detected, indicating that heterologous rabbit antisera do not detect antigenic variation of the neutralizing epitopes of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus. | 1983 | 6196294 |
| the caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus is a distinct virus within the lentivirus group. | the genetic relatedness among viral genomes of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus, visna virus, and progressive pneumonia virus, was determined. whereas the genomic rnas of two strains of visna virus are indistinguishable as reflected both by their annealing kinetics as well as by the thermal stability of the hybrids, the caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus and visna virus have only 30% of their nucleic acid sequences in common. furthermore, within the homologous regions of the two viral geno ... | 1983 | 6297154 |
| pronounced production of polyclonal immunoglobulin g1 in the synovial fluid of goats with caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus infection. | infection of goats with caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus, a lentivirus, resulted in arthritis characterized by the production of intrasynovial immunoglobulin g1 concentrations that were 2 to 5.3 times the serum concentrations in the inoculated carpi at 6 months postinoculation. the intrasynovial immunoglobulin was polyclonal, and its presence was accompanied by increased albumin leakage into the joints. synovial fluid immunoglobulin levels fluctuated temporally but remained elevated compared ... | 1983 | 6307882 |
| susceptibility of blood-derived monocytes and macrophages to caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus. | permissiveness of blood-derived caprine monocytes to infection by caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus increased during in vitro cultivation and differentiation into macrophages, as evidenced by immunofluorescence and release of extracellular infectious virus. the degree of cell susceptibility to virus infection varied among individual goats, independent of age or breed. caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus infection of macrophages in vitro resulted in no alteration of five characteristic functi ... | 1983 | 6307885 |
| experimental infection of sheep by caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus and goats by progressive pneumonia virus. | the lentiviruses, caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (caev) and progressive pneumonia virus (ppv) of sheep, cause major diseases in their respective hosts; however, the infectivity of these viruses for closely related species has not been determined. experiments were conducted to determine whether caev would infect sheep and whether ppv would infect goats. upon inoculation with caev, lambs developed a nonsuppurative arthritis and antibody to caev, and the virus was isolated up to 4 months late ... | 1983 | 6318613 |
| lack of neutralizing antibodies to caprine arthritis-encephalitis lentivirus in persistently infected goats can be overcome by immunization with inactivated mycobacterium tuberculosis. | the pathogenesis of the persistent progressive diseases of sheep (visna-maedi) and goats (arthritis-encephalitis) is dependent on continuous replication of the causative lentiviruses. one subgroup of these viruses, icelandic visna virus, accomplishes this form of replication by undergoing antigenic mutation. mutant viruses arising late in the infection escape neutralization by antibodies directed to the parental virus. in contrast, we show here that viruses obtained from persistently infected sh ... | 1984 | 6319735 |
| genetic variation among lentiviruses: homology between visna virus and caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus is confined to the 5' gag-pol region and a small portion of the env gene. | visna virus of sheep and arthritis-encephalitis virus of goats are serologically related but genetically distinct retroviruses which cause slowly progressive diseases in their natural hosts. to localize homologous regions of the dnas of these two viruses, we constructed a physical map of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus dna and aligned it with the viral rna. cloned probes of visna virus dna were then used to localize regions of homology with the caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus dna. thes ... | 1984 | 6088794 |
| a physical map of caprine arthritis-encephalitis provirus. | terminally redundant linear proviral dna of approximately 9.5 kb was the major unintegrated species recovered in the hirt supernatant fraction of caprine synovial membrane cells infected with strain 75-g63 caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus. a physical map based on the cleavage sites of 13 restriction endonucleases was deduced for this proviral dna. | 1984 | 6100580 |
| caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus isolated from michigan goats. | a syncytium-forming agent with reverse transcriptase activity was isolated in cell culture from materials collected from 19 michigan goats and 1 goat recently imported from california. syncytia formation could be maintained by subpassaging cells or filtered supernate from infected cultures with caprine fetal synovial membrane indicator cells. electron microscopy by negative staining with ammonium molybdate revealed 100-nm retrovirus-like particles morphologically identified as caprine arthritis- ... | 1984 | 6208829 |
| isolation and characterization of a novel retrovirus from sheep affected by pulmonary carcinoma. | sheep pulmonary carcinoma (spc) has been shown to be associated in nature with a retrovirus, by electron microscopic, biochemical, and epidemiological criteria and by experimental transmission. in this study, a retrovirus has been isolated from spc tumors which were experimentally induced by inoculation with a cell-free, reverse transcriptase containing fraction from a spontaneous field case of spc, and propagated in culture. this novel virus was shown to be unrelated to murine, avian, and bovin ... | 1984 | 6324472 |
| a sequential study of virus expression in retrovirus-induced arthritis of goats. | persistent infection by the retrovirus caprine arthritis--encephalitis virus (caev) induces arthritis in goats which closely resembles rheumatoid arthritis. to examine the relationship between virus expression and development of clinical disease, ten goat kids were inoculated with caev and examined at successive intervals through 18 months post-infection. virus was monitored in cell-free synovial fluid cells, serum and peripheral blood cells by titration, co-cultivation and immunofluorescent tec ... | 1984 | 6470682 |
| highly lytic and persistent lentiviruses naturally present in sheep with progressive pneumonia are genetically distinct. | ovine and caprine lentiviruses share the capacity to induce slowly progressive and inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system (leukoencephalitis or visna), lungs (progressive pneumonia or maedi), and joints (arthritis) in their natural hosts. studies on their replication indicated that ovine lentiviruses and caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (caev) recently isolated in the united states establish persistent infection in ovine and caprine fibroblasts, whereas older prototype ovine len ... | 1984 | 6092689 |
| global survey of serological evidence of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus infection. | using caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus antigen in the agar gel immunodiffusion test, 3729 serum samples from goats in over 112 locations around the world were tested for precipitating antibodies. over 90 per cent of the 1265 positive samples came from canada, france, norway, switzerland and the usa, all of which had 65 per cent reactors or greater. fiji, great britain, kenya, mexico, new zealand and peru had fewer than 10 per cent positive samples; the majority of these could be traced to im ... | 1984 | 6097015 |
| [caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (caev). short review]. | after a short history, this work shows frequency of the articular form of the disease in france, and isolation of the virus. although related to retrovirus, caev and maedi-visna have some differences: tropism of caev only for goats, low replication and expression in vitro, characteristic differences in protein composition. the virus seems to be transmitted during neonatal life; aerial transmission is still unclear. separation of affected and non-affected goats is the only eradication technique w ... | 1984 | 6091522 |
| biochemical characterisation of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus. | 1984 | 16031041 | |
| transmission of caprine arthritis encephalitis virus to sheep. | 1984 | 16031021 | |
| the development and evaluation of an elisa for the detection of antibodies to caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus in goat sera. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed for the detection of antibodies to caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (caev) in goat sera. the system was evaluated using some 1500 sera from flocks of known clinical history. from this data the interpretation limits of the system were determined. the elisa system was compared with a gel precipitin test using 5800 sera. of the positive sera, elisa detected 97.3% and agpt 61%. further evaluation was made using 60 sera of known caev reac ... | 1985 | 16031125 |
| characteristics of cell fusion induced by a caprine retrovirus. | the mechanism of cell-fusion induced by caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (caev) was investigated. following infection with concentrated caev, cell fusion occurred prior to the production of infectious progeny virus. the time of initial detection of cell fusion was dependent on the multiplicity of infection and was not detected until 5 hours after infection. the virus-induced cell fusion was only partially inhibited by ultraviolet irradiation of the virus and was not inhibited by cytosine ara ... | 1985 | 2998302 |
| infection of lambs with caprine arthritis encephalitis virus by feeding milk from infected goats. | 1985 | 2983483 | |
| molecular cloning of integrated caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus. | a full-length dna clone of the exogenous retrovirus, caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (caev), was isolated from high molecular weight dna of caev-infected himalayan tahr ovary cells. although other restriction maps of caev have been published, this is the first time that the proviral dna has been cloned. the restriction enzyme map of the clone was determined and found to be identical to that of unintegrated linear caev dna except for the presence of cellular flanking sequences. these finding ... | 1985 | 2992157 |
| nucleotide sequence evidence for relationship of aids retrovirus to lentiviruses. | lentiviruses are a subfamily of retroviruses which have been aetiologically linked to the induction of arthritis, encephalitis, progressive pneumonia and slow neurological diseases in certain species. relatively little is known about their genome structure, mechanisms of pathogenesis or evolutionary relationships with other retroviral subfamilies. in an effort to understand better the mechanisms by which these viruses induce such a variety of chronic diseases, we have molecularly cloned and phys ... | 1985 | 2995822 |
| the mammary gland as a target organ for infection with caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus. | a herd of 15 dairy goats with a previous history of neurological disease in kids was screened for caprine arthritis-encephalitis (cae) virus infection. virus was isolated from the pbl of all animals as well as milk from lactating does. all animals had antibody detected by elisa and gel immuno-diffusion. two animals from this herd were examined for responses to infection. one was an adult female with poor milk production and the other was a 3-month-old female kid which developed acute neurologica ... | 1985 | 2415560 |
| identification of caprine arthritis-encephalitis retrovirus proteins in immunodiffusion precipitin lines. | precipitin lines formed between serum from a goat infected with caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (caev) and radiolabelled viral proteins in polyethylene glycol-concentrated culture medium were excised from immunodiffusion (id) plates and analysed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. the two major precipitin lines contained the 135 000 mol. wt. glycoprotein (gp 135) and the internal 28 000 mol. wt. structural protein (p28). this method obviates the use of purified proteins or monospecific a ... | 1985 | 3923155 |
| lav/htlv-iii gag gene product p24 shares antigenic determinants with equine infectious anemia virus but not with visna virus or caprine arthritis encephalitis virus. | antigenic cross-reactivity of the human acquired immunodeficiency disease syndrome virus lav/htlv-iii with the lentiviruses visna virus, caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (caev), and equine infectious anemia virus (eiav) was determined with indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, immunoblot analysis, and virus-specific polyclonal antisera. nonreciprocal cross-reactivity was seen between the gag gene products p24 of lav/htlv-iii and p28 of eiav. reciprocal cross-reactivity was seen betwee ... | 1986 | 2438251 |
| infection of monocyte/macrophages by human t lymphotropic virus type iii. | normal blood-derived monocyte/macrophages were found to be susceptible to infection in vitro by human t lymphotropic virus type iii (htlv-iii), the etiologic agent of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. in addition, htlv-iii was recovered from monocyte/macrophages of patients infected with this virus. the above findings raise the possibility that htlv-iii-infected monocyte/macrophages may serve as a vehicle for the dissemination of virus to target organs and as a reservoir for viral persiste ... | 1986 | 2422213 |
| the effect of colostrum-derived antibody on neo-natal transmission of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus infection. | two groups of 6 newborn goat kids were artificially fed colostrum containing antibody to caprine arthritis-encephalitis (cae) virus, obtained from clinically affected does. kids in group a were fed the colostrum from birth until 7 days of age, while kids in group b were fed colostrum from 1 to 3 days after birth for 7 days. kids were fed cow's milk at all other times. serum antibody resulting from the consumption of colostrum, detected by agar gel immunodiffusion (agid) tests, lasted for up to 8 ... | 1986 | 3024612 |
| caprine retrovirus infection in new south wales: virus isolations, clinical and histopathological findings and prevalence of antibody. | caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (caev) was isolated by explant cultures of carpal synovial membranes and lung from 7 goats in new south wales. these goats were clinically affected with the arthritic, neurologic, and pneumonic forms of caev infection either singly or in combination. caev antibody was detected by the gel immunodiffusion precipitin (gdp) test in 5 of the 7 goats. serum samples from 2,708 goats, from 115 herds, were examined for caev antibody using the gdp test. approximately o ... | 1986 | 3024613 |
| human t-cell lymphotropic virus type iii shares sequence homology with a family of pathogenic lentiviruses. | the etiologic agent of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome, human t-cell lymphotropic virus type iii (htlv-iii), has recently been shown to morphologically resemble and share sequence homology with visna virus, a pathogenic lentivirus. molecular hybridization, heteroduplex mapping, and dna sequence analyses were used to compare htlv-iii to other lentiviruses of domestic animals, including visna, caprine arthritis encephalitis, and equine infectious anemia viruses. hybridization results showe ... | 1986 | 2424014 |
| isolation and identification of a south african lentivirus from jaagsiekte lungs. | in the course of attempts to grow the jaagsiekte retrovirus in cell culture, a typical lentivirus was isolated for the first time in south africa from adenomatous lungs. morphologically the virus could not be distinguished from other lentiviruses, but serologically it was shown to be more closely related to visna virus than to caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus. however, a preliminary restriction enzyme analysis of the linear proviral dna of this new lentivirus (sa-dmvv) revealed that it is si ... | 1986 | 3008059 |
| acute arthritis in caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus challenge exposure of vaccinated or persistently infected goats. | goats vaccinated with inactivated caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (caev) developed more severe arthritis after infectious caev challenge exposure than did goats vaccinated with tissue culture medium. arthritis also developed more rapidly in the group vaccinated with inactivated virus. in another experiment, goats with persistent caev infection developed acute arthritis after at least 2 injections of infectious caev at monthly intervals. in this experiment, the control group consisted of goa ... | 1986 | 3008599 |
| serological surveillance for maedi-visna virus and caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus in northern ireland. | the results of serological testing for maedi-visna virus infection in indigenous and non-indigenous sheep in northern ireland, over a five year period (1980 to 1984) are presented. in tests carried out in 1980 and 1981 on pedigree breeds, 10 reactors were identified on seven farms and maedi-visna virus was isolated on three occasions from leucocyte cultures. none of the animals showed clinical signs of maedi-visna and all the reactors were subsequently destroyed. nine of the reactors were import ... | 1986 | 3010539 |
| nucleotide sequence and transcriptional activity of the caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus long terminal repeat. | caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (caev) and visna virus are pathogenic lentiviruses of goats and sheep which share morphologic features and sequence homology with human t-cell lymphotropic virus type iii (htlv-iii), the etiologic agent of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. the nucleotide sequence of the caev long terminal repeat (ltr) was determined, and it was found to be 450 base pairs long, with u3, r, and u5 regions of 287, 85, and 78 base pairs, respectively. portions of the caev ... | 1986 | 3021973 |
| caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus infection: from recognition to eradication. | 1986 | 3024611 | |
| the gp135 of caprine arthritis encephalitis virus affords greater sensitivity than the p28 in immunodiffusion serology. | the 135,000 mw glycoprotein (gp135) and the 28,000 mw internal protein (p28) of caprine arthritis encephalitis virus are major viral constituents in precipitin lines formed between crude antigen preparations and sera from infected goats. in testing 307 goat and sheep sera, 118 samples were positive in a gp135 assay and only 82 were positive in a p28 assay. however, some goat sera were found which reacted only with the p28 and therefore testing for antibody against both proteins may be necessary ... | 1986 | 3010411 |
| sequence homology between cloned caprine arthritis encephalitis virus and visna virus, two neurotropic lentiviruses. | caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (caev) is an exogenous, nononcogenic retrovirus which causes neurological disease and crippling arthritis in goats. a complete caev genome was cloned from unintegrated viral dna in two fragments of 9.4 and 0.4 kilobases in length, respectively. the biological activity of these clones was tested by ligation of the fragments followed by transfection onto goat synovial membrane cells; infectious virus was recovered. cloned caev and visna virus, a related neurotr ... | 1986 | 3009878 |
| comparison of two gel diffusion precipitin tests in the serodiagnosis of caprine arthritis encephalitis virus infection in goats. | 1986 | 3026297 | |
| molecular cloning and physical characterization of integrated equine infectious anemia virus: molecular and immunologic evidence of its close relationship to ovine and caprine lentiviruses. | molecular clones of the integrated form of the genome of equine infectious anemia virus (eiav), the etiologic agent of a naturally occurring, worldwide disease of horses, were obtained. the restriction map of a full-length genome was determined. additional evidence for the close evolutionary relationship between eiav and a prototype lentivirus (caprine arthritis encephalitis virus) was acquired by southern blotting and immunological analyses. an interspecies radioimmunoassay was developed in whi ... | 1986 | 3750842 |
| nucleotide sequence analysis of the long terminal repeat of integrated caprine arthritis encephalitis virus. | the nucleotide sequence of the long terminal repeat (ltr) of caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (caev), a prototype lentivirus was determined. 6-bp directly repeated host cell sequences flank the 376-bp proviral ltrs. by comparison with other retroviral sequences, the caev ltr likely contains u3, r and u5 regions 207, 86 and 83 base-pairs in length, respectively. sequences conforming to consensus transcriptional promoter sites were identified in the u3 region upstream of a potential transcript ... | 1986 | 3765821 |
| caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus infection of goats in south australia. | caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (caev) infection of dairy goats was shown by virus isolation and serology to be widespread in south australia. caev was isolated at necropsy from 24 of 27 dairy goats with swollen joints from 13 herds, and from 9 of 30 liver dairy goats in 7 herds. virus was isolated most frequently from synovial membranes, and occasionally from mammary glands, mammary lymph nodes, choroid plexus, lungs, spleen, bone marrow, salivary glands, leucocytes, synovial fluid and mil ... | 1987 | 2827619 |
| [inhibitory activity of sera from infected goats on syncitia formation due to caprine arthritis and encephalitis virus (caev)]. | a very small number of goat positive for caprine arthritis encephalitis virus are also capable of in vitro inhibition of specific tissue culture lesions. this neutralizing activity for apparition of multinucleated cells is present in sera at low dilutions. we found this seric activity under natural conditions in young goats and in culled animals. under experimental conditions the inhibitory activity was shown in the serum in a goat infected during gestation and in two animals infected when treat ... | 1987 | 2827558 |
| antigenic variation of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus during persistent infection of goats. | six caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (caev)-free goats kept in strict isolation were inoculated intravenously with a cloned caev isolate (virus 020). at 78 weeks post-infection a virus (virus 095) isolated from one of the goats was shown to have the characteristics of caev, but was antigenically distinct from virus 020 and two other caev isolates by serum neutralization tests. serum from the goat that had the variant virus neutralized the inoculum virus and the variant virus but serum from o ... | 1987 | 2826652 |
| serologic prevalence of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus in california goat dairies. | fifty-three percent of goats in 13 california goat dairies had antibodies to caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (caev), as determined by agar-gel immunodiffusion. those goat dairies that reared kids on pasteurized milk had a lower seroprevalence than those that did not. age, rearing kids on unpasteurized milk, and the presence of large joints were associated with antibodies to caev. breed was associated with seroreactivity, but the association was confounded by other factors. sex was not assoc ... | 1987 | 3029000 |
| lentivirus infection augments concurrent antigen-induced arthritis. | experimental antigen-induced arthritis was compared in normal goats and goats infected with caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus. although acute arthritis was the same in infected and uninfected animals, the disease lasted 16 weeks longer in the caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus-infected goats. our findings suggest that the arthritis caused by this virus is due to events other than, or in addition to, the immune reaction to viral antigens. | 1987 | 2822053 |
| caprine arthritis-encephalitis. virus isolation and identification in goat herds in italy. | caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (caev) was isolated by explant cultures of carpal synovial membrane, udder, lymph-nodes, lung and choroid plexus from six goats in two different herds with histories of arthritis-encephalitis. the virus was also isolated from milk, heparinized blood and carpal synovial fluid, using secondary goat synovial membrane cells. virus identification was made by means of cytopathology, agar gel immunodiffusion test, immunofluorescence, in vitro host range and electron ... | 1987 | 2826971 |
| characteristics of a novel lentivirus derived from south african sheep with pulmonary adenocarcinoma (jaagsiekte). | a novel lentivirus was isolated from south african sheep with experimentally transmitted lung adenocarcinoma. similar to visna virus and caprine arthritis encephalitis virus, this new strain induced cytopathic effects on ovine plexus choroid cultures. in contrast to a recent israeli isolate from sheep with adenocarcinoma, the south african lentivirus could not transform fibroblast cultures. the antigenic relatedness between the new isolate and visna virus was assessed by immunoprecipitation of r ... | 1987 | 2437695 |
| antigenic and structural variation of the p28 core polypeptide of goat and sheep retroviruses. | the p28 core polypeptides of four isolates of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (caev) from goats was compared with those of visna virus (vv) and progressive pneumonia virus (ppv) from sheep. monoclonal antibodies recognized p28 epitopes common to all six retrovirus isolates, a p28 epitope on four caev isolates, but not vv and ppv isolates, a p28 epitope on four caev isolates and vv, but not ppv and a p28 epitope unique to the caev isolate used for immunizing the mouse spleen donor. compariso ... | 1987 | 2440985 |
| pathogenesis of visna/maedi and caprine arthritis-encephalitis: new leads on the mechanism of restricted virus replication and persistent inflammation. | lentiviruses are unique retroviruses which cause diseases with long incubation periods and prolonged clinical courses. the prototype lentiviruses, visna/maedi of sheep and arthritis-encephalitis virus of goats (caev), infect cells of the monocyte-macrophage system and replicate at a restricted level in these cells. the virus life cycle is closely associated with maturational factors in the cells; monocytes support the early stages of the replication cycle which goes to completion only when the c ... | 1987 | 3039719 |
| caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus: an efficient method for the large scale production of serological antigens. | caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (caev) was grown on a large scale in lamb corneal cell cultures. antigens for use in two different caev agar gel immuno-diffusion tests were prepared from the same culture fluid. these antigens were separated on the basis of size by membrane filtration. | 1987 | 3117827 |
| the immune response to viral antigens as a determinant of arthritis in caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus infection. | evidence is reviewed which indicates that caev persists in infected goats with variable and restricted expression. immunosuppression prevents the lesions caused by caev. arthritis is enhanced in caev-challenged goats that have been immunized with inactivated caev or are persistently infected with caev. a large part of the synovial fluid immunoglobulin is antibody against virion surface glycoproteins. these observations support the hypothesis that the immune response to viral antigens is a major ... | 1987 | 3433669 |
| a successful attempt to raise goat kids free of infection with caprine arthritis encephalitis virus in an endemically infected goat herd. | goat kids from a herd endemically infected with caprine arthritis encephalitis (cae) virus were raised according to 3 methods. one group of ten goat kids was removed from infected does at birth before suckling or licking by the doe could occur (snatch birth technique). kids were fed on goat colostrum, which had been heated to 57 degrees c for ten minutes and then held in a thermos flask for one hour. subsequently the kids were fed reconstituted spray dried cows' milk powder. they were raised apa ... | 1987 | 16031341 |
| embryo transfer from goats seropositive for caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus. | twelve attempts were made to isolate caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (caev) from the uterine flushings of serologically positive superovulated does mated to serologically positive bucks. embryos were transferred to eight serologically negative estrus-synchronized recipient does and the recipients were monitored serologically following embryo transfer. virus isolation was attempted from colostrum and placental tissues from does that kidded following embryo transfers and the surviving kid was ... | 1987 | 16726313 |
| experimental infection of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus in sheep. | 1988 | 16031453 | |
| evidence for linkage between the caprine leucocyte antigen (cla) system and susceptibility to cae virus-induced arthritis in goats. | the distribution of caprine leucocyte antigens (cla) in goats from four different breeds (n = 546) affected by caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (caev)-induced arthritis were determined and compared breed for breed with those of infected but clinically healthy controls (n = 402). differences in frequencies of some of the cla specificities between the affected and control groups were found, but after correction of the ordinary p values for number of observed alleles, only the cla be7 specifici ... | 1988 | 3169879 |
| virus-specific polypeptides of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus recognized by monoclonal antibodies to virion proteins p24 and p14. | the proteins of an isolate of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (caev) were analysed by sds-page and western blotting. monoclonal antibodies (mabs) produced to the main core protein p24 and the small structural protein p14 also recognized two major polypeptides of mr 41k and 55k in infected cell material, consistent with a precursor role for these gag polypeptides. in addition, the p24 mabs detected a 33k polypeptide in extracellular virus preparations, while the p14 mabs reacted strongly wit ... | 1988 | 3373182 |
| high levels of interferon in synovial fluid of retrovirus-infected goats. | a high level of interferon (ifn) was found in the synovial fluid of goats with naturally acquired caprine arthritis-encephalitis (cae), a disease caused by caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (caev), a nononcogenic retrovirus of the lentivirus group. intraarticular injection of caev or control inoculum in the joints of affected goats caused increased amounts of ifn production in synovial fluid. | 1988 | 2452849 |
| antigenic variation of neutralization-sensitive epitopes of caprine arthritis-encephalitis lentivirus during persistent arthritis. | caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (caev), a naturally occurring lentivirus of goats, causes disease characterized by virus persistence and recurrent arthritis. these studies demonstrate in vitro neutralization of caev infectivity by serum from goats infected with caev. serum neutralizing activity was not detectable until 10 to 36 months postinfection, and titers were relatively low (less than or equal to 1:8). serum neutralization was caused by antibody and was virus specific. antigenic varia ... | 1988 | 2457116 |
| lentivirus-host interactions: lessons from visna and caprine arthritis-encephalitis viruses. | the biological properties of the ruminant animal lentiviruses, visna and caprine arthritis-encephalitis viruses, closely resemble those of their human counterparts, the human immunodeficiency viruses (hiv). all of these viruses are morphologically identical and are disseminated from host to host in nature during exchange of body fluids. artificial conditions that favor excess exchange of such fluids precipitate epidemics by these viruses. the strategy of replication of the animal viruses in tiss ... | 1988 | 2831808 |
| sialic acids on the surface of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus define the biological properties of the virus. | the lentivirus caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (caev) is a pathogen of goats. it is transmitted in milk and causes a persistent infection in goats, which often fail to produce neutralizing antibodies to the virus. native caev particles are remarkably resistant to digestion with proteinase k and are neutralized extremely slowly by immune sera. our studies showed that the virus particles are heavily sialylated. studies with highly specific sialyltransferase enzymes identified penultimate carb ... | 1988 | 2835502 |
| chronic disease in goats orally infected with two isolates of the caprine arthritis-encephalitis lentivirus. | newborn saanen goats were orally infected with two distinct biologically cloned isolates of the caprine arthritis-encephalitis lentivirus (caev), designated caev(63) (crawford tb, adams ds, cheevers wp, cork lc: science 207:997, 1980) and caev (co) (cork lc, hadlow wj, crawford tb, gorham jr, piper rc: j infect dis 129:134, 1974; narayan o, clements je, strandberg jd, cork lc, griffin de: j gen virol 50:69, 1980). all infected goats seroconverted for antibodies to caev, and there were no serolog ... | 1988 | 2835548 |
| increased macrophage division in the synovial fluid of goats infected with caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus. | macrophages are a major component of the arthritic lesions induced by the lentivirus caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (caev). using autoradiography and the appearance of mitotic figures to detect dividing macrophages, we found that 2.1% +/- 0.2% of synovial fluid macrophages from uninfected goats are dividing and that after infection with caev the percentage increases three- to sixfold. the enhanced macrophage division was not associated with increased dividing of blood monoblasts. the amoun ... | 1988 | 2836521 |
| [caprine enzootic arthritis-encephalitis in france: epidemiological and experimental studies]. | in an epidemiological study on caev-induced caprine arthritis, the elisa carried out on mixed sera appeared to be an efficient pointer to viral articular pathology in flocks; the breed and origin of goats, the selection of flocks with high milk production proved to be factors which favour viral arthritis, the serological diagnosis of which remains a flock diagnosis. in addition, in an experimental infection, only one type ii caprine strain induced significant cases of arthritis; the disease coul ... | 1988 | 2838219 |
| development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus. | because relatively few caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (caev)-infected animals exhibit clinical signs of illness, efforts to control and eradicate this virus will depend heavily on a sensitive diagnostic test that can be easily carried out. the currently utilized tests are of limited usefulness because of relatively low sensitivity or because of incomplete cross-reactivity of goat sera with heterologous test antigens. an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) with purified caev antigen a ... | 1988 | 2838510 |
| hyaluronidase enhances cell fusion and synthesis of viral dna during infection with caprine arthritis encephalitis virus. | caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (caev) is a lentivirus which infects goats and causes chronic progressive arthritis after a prolonged incubation period. caev replicates productively in cultures of goat synovial membrane cells and causes cytopathic effects characterized by multinucleated giant cell formation. the enzyme hyaluronidase was found to accelerate this virus induced fusion of gsm cells. hyaluronidase treatment also resulted in synthesis of increased levels of unintegrated viral dna ... | 1988 | 2854188 |
| enzootic ataxia and caprine arthritis/encephalitis virus infection in a new england goat herd [corrected]. | ataxia was diagnosed in kids from a new england goat herd. concurrent infection with the caprine arthritis/encephalitis (cae) virus contributed to the development of hind limb ataxia and weakness in one of the kids. six kids from this herd had signs of hind limb ataxia and paralysis. detailed evaluation of 2 of the affected kids revealed low liver and serum copper concentrations and spinal cord demyelination. one kid also had histologic changes in the cns and lungs, compatible with a diagnosis o ... | 1988 | 2849600 |
| comparison of caprine arthritis-encephalitis viruses from goats with arthritis and goats with chronic interstitial pneumonia. | 1988 | 2847700 | |
| antiviral, anti-glycoprotein and neutralizing antibodies in foals with equine infectious anaemia virus. | equine infectious anaemia virus is related by genome sequence homology to human immunodeficiency virus, caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus and visna virus. failure of the host to mount a strong neutralizing response detectable in vitro or to eliminate persistent infection in vivo characterizes lentivirus infections in the natural host. in this study the specificities and neutralizing activity of antibodies induced during experimental infection with equine infectious anaemia virus were investig ... | 1988 | 3351480 |
| precursor polypeptides of caprine arthritis-encephalitis lentivirus structural proteins. | the synthesis of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus structural proteins was analysed in infected cells labelled with [35s]methionine and [3h]glucosamine and by translation of virion rna in vitro. viral polypeptides were isolated from infected cell lysates or from in vitro translation products by immunoprecipitation with specific antisera and resolved by sds-page. results indicated that the gag gene-encoded p28, p19 and p16 virion core proteins were formed by cleavage processing of a 55k mr pre ... | 1988 | 3351481 |
| effects of infection with caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus on milk production in goats. | a recently assembled commercial herd of alpine goats was studied. milk production criteria--305-day milk production (m), butter fat content (bf), and solids nonfat content (snf)--and somatic cell counts (linear score) were monitored by dairy herd improvement association test records. milk samples from all milking goats in the herd were obtained for bacteriologic culture for mastitis organisms on 2 occasions; the infection rate ascribed to major pathogens was 3%. in november 1985, serum specimens ... | 1988 | 2843492 |
| the pathology and aetiology of lung lesions in goats infected with caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus. | fifty dairy goats, of various ages, sexes and breeds were selected for examination on the basis of positive serological reactions to caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (caev). thirty-one had lung lesions including chronic interstitial pneumonia of caudal or cranioventral lobes, bronchopneumonia, verminous pneumonia, pulmonary cryptococcosis or combinations of these. the only infective agent recovered from all the chronic interstitial pneumonia cases examined was caev, which was also recovered ... | 1988 | 3401145 |
| retroviruses and chronic arthritis. possible significance of some recent observations. | retroviruses have been proposed as etiologic agents for the development of chronic arthritis in humans. the arthritis seen in goats infected by caprine arthritis encephalitis virus and the spontaneous arthritis of inbred mrl/l mice illustrate how retroviruses may cause the development of a disorder closely resembling human rheumatoid arthritis. several investigators have searched for evidence of retrovirus infection in patients with chronic arthritis, but in most cases the results have been disa ... | 1989 | 2559478 |
| evidence for interference, coinfections, and intertypic virus enhancement of infection by ovine-caprine lentiviruses. | the ovine-caprine lentiviruses share nucleotide homology and serological properties in their gag-pol genes and gene products but constitute two distinct biological groups represented by ovine visna virus of icelandic origin and by caprine arthritis-encephalitis and ovine progressive pneumonia viruses of u.s. origin. two members of each group, visna 1514 and its antigenic variant lv1-1 in the first group and caev/co and s93, a field isolate virus from a local arthritic sheep, in the second group, ... | 1989 | 2552145 |
| molecular cloning of feline immunodeficiency virus. | feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) is a t-lymphotropic retrovirus associated with immunodeficiency and opportunistic infections in cats. the discovery of fiv provides an opportunity for the development of a small animal model for aids. to initiate the molecular and biological characterization of fiv, cdna clones were synthesized and used to isolate a proviral clone of fiv. molecular cross-hybridization analysis of fiv with five lentiviruses revealed that nucleotide-sequence similarities exist b ... | 1989 | 2928341 |
| lentivirus-induced interferon inhibits maturation and proliferation of monocytes and restricts the replication of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus. | in this study, we investigated the effect of a lentivirus-induced interferon (lv-ifn) on the interaction of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus and its host cell, the monocyte-macrophage. lv-ifn was produced in culture supernatant 48 h after adding fresh goat lymphocytes to caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus-infected goat macrophages. the culture supernatant contained ifn activity at a titer of 1:360 as assayed by inhibition of vesicular stomatitis virus-induced lysis of fibroblasts. lv-ifn i ... | 1989 | 2470918 |
| detection of antibodies to caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus by protein g enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblotting. | sera from goats suffering from caprine arthritis-encephalitis contained antibodies to virus proteins of 15, 17, 28, 40, and 130 kilodaltons in immunoblots of maedi-visna virus. we propose to use immunoblotting as a validation test for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and demonstrate that the specificity of indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay can be improved by replacing second antibody by a protein g-avidin-biotin conjugate. | 1989 | 2541170 |
| modulation of lentivirus replication by antibodies. non-neutralizing antibodies to caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus enhance early stages of infection in macrophages, but do not cause increased production of virions. | non-neutralizing antibodies to caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (caev) enhance the early stages of the virus life cycle but do not potentiate enhanced production of virus particles by macrophages. in primary macrophages used for these studies, there was enhancement in binding, internalization and uncoating of virus pretreated with non-neutralizing sera in comparison to virus pretreated with a non-immune serum. however, this did not lead to enhanced production of virus particles. failure of n ... | 1989 | 2549189 |
| analysis of regulatory elements of the equine infectious anemia virus and caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus long terminal repeats. | we analyzed the equine infectious anemia virus (eiav) long terminal repeat (ltr) for sequences that influence its promoter activity and ability to be trans-activated by the eiav tat gene product. a series of ltr deletion mutants and recombinants between ltr and simian virus 40 (sv40) regulatory sequences were used for these studies. we were able to identify the eiav promoter region and showed that sequences within the u3 region significantly inhibited ltr-directed transcription. however, when pl ... | 1989 | 2552171 |