| growth hormone interacts with the marek's disease virus sorf2 protein and is associated with disease resistance in chicken. | marek's disease (md) is a lymphoproliferative disease of chickens induced by a herpesvirus, the md virus (mdv). because md is a significant economic problem to the poultry industry, there is great interest in enhancing genetic resistance, which is controlled by multiple genes. the influence of the mhc has been clearly demonstrated, and several relevant quantitative trait loci have been mapped; however, no single gene influencing md resistance has been identified. transcription of sorf2 is pertur ... | 2001 | 11470922 |
| efficient gene transfer in mouse neural precursors with a bicistronic retroviral vector. | gene transfer into neural precursors is a powerful approach to study the function of specific gene products during nervous system development. here we describe a retrovirus-based methodology to transduce foreign genes into mouse neural precursors. we used a high-titer bicistronic retroviral vector that encodes a marker gene, placental alkaline phosphatase (plap), and a selection gene, neomycin phosphotransferase ii (neor), under the translational control of two retroviral internal ribosome entry ... | 2001 | 11494355 |
| reticuloendotheliosis virus integration in the fowl poxvirus genome: not a recent event. | integration of reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) into the genome of fowl poxvirus (fpv) has been reported recently. with a view to determine whether this event had occurred in the past, we screened by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the presence of rev provirus in the dnas of nine avian poxviruses, some of which had been lyophilized 50 yr ago. for rev, 5' long terminal repeat (ltr) and rev envelope sequences were amplified, whereas for fpv, the major envelope antigen gene and the region flan ... | 2001 | 11569741 |
| reticuloendotheliosis in hungarian partridge. | a large commercial flock of hungarian partridge (perdix perdix) experienced elevated mortality associated with a wasting disease in may 1998. postmortem examination of females consistently revealed a distended crop and abnormal gray-white tissue infiltrating the wall of the crop and thoracic esophagus. neoplasia in male partridge was observed in the liver. microscopic examination of the crop and thoracic esophagus revealed transmural masses of immature lymphocytes with frequent mitotic figures. ... | 2002 | 12038145 |
| characterization of t-cell lymphomas associated with an outbreak of reticuloendotheliosis in turkeys. | increased mortality and decreased egg production associated with disseminated lymphoma were observed in a turkey breeding flock for more than 20 weeks. a few unrelated meat turkey flocks, from the same integrator, experienced increased condemnation due to neoplasia in a few organs. lymphoma was characterized by a uniform population of large lymphocytes with large vesicular nuclei containing one or two nucleoli and with little, faintly staining, basophilic cytoplasm. neoplastic cells replaced nor ... | 2002 | 12396336 |
| differential regulation of the inhibitor of apoptosis ch-iap1 by v-rel and the proto-oncogene c-rel. | the v-rel oncogene encoded by reticuloendotheliosis virus is the acutely transforming member of the rel/nf-kappab family of transcription factors. v-rel is a truncated and mutated form of c-rel and transforms cells by inducing the aberrant expression of genes regulated by rel/nf-kappab proteins. the expression of ch-iap1, a member of the inhibitor-of-apoptosis family, is highly elevated in cells expressing v-rel and contributes to the immortalization of cells transformed by this oncoprotein. in ... | 2002 | 12414938 |
| isolation and characterization of chicken interleukin-17 cdna. | interleukin-17 (il-17) is a proinflammatory cytokine produced by activated t cells. a 917-bp cdna encoding the il-17 gene was isolated from our est cdna library prepared from intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (iels) of eimeria-infected chickens. it contained a 507-bp open reading frame (orf) predicted to encode a protein of 169 amino acids (aa) with a molecular mass of 18.9 kda, a 27-residue nh(2)-terminal signal peptide, a single potential n-linked glycosylation site, and 6 cysteine residu ... | 2002 | 12513911 |
| reticuloendotheliosis virus sequences within the genomes of field strains of fowlpox virus display variability. | nine field strains of fowlpox virus (fpv) isolated during a 24-year span from geographically diverse outbreaks of fowlpox in the united states were screened for the presence of reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) sequences in their genomes by pcr. each isolate appeared to be heterogeneous in that either a nearly intact provirus or just a 248- or 508-nucleotide fusion of portions of the integrated rev 5' and 3' long terminal repeats (ltrs) was exclusively present at the same genomic site. in contra ... | 2003 | 12719579 |
| detection of specific reticuloendotheliosis virus sequence and protein from rev-integrated fowlpox virus strains. | the detection is described of reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) protein in tissue culture of chicken embryonated cells (cefs) infected with field isolates of fowl poxvirus (fpv). by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr), five out of the six field isolates, but two out of the seven vaccine strains of fpv, were found to have had a 291 bp repeat sequence of rev-ltr integrated in their genomic dna. an immunofluorescence (if) method was employed using a monoclonal antibody (mab) known to specify strain ... | 2003 | 12757926 |
| a novel method to analyze viral antigen-specific cytolytic activity in the chicken utilizing flow cytometry. | in order to overcome some of the main drawbacks that have emerged in the conventional assays for cytotoxic t-lymphocytes (ctls) in the chicken, a novel approach to analyze viral antigen-specific cytolytic activity utilizing flow cytometry was developed. in this method, the target cells were distinguished from the effector cells by pre-labelling them with a fluorescent dye pkh67. cell death was detected with propidium iodide which labels the dna of damaged cells. flow cytometric assay also enable ... | 2003 | 12969631 |
| cell-type-specific gene delivery into neuronal cells in vitro and in vivo. | the avian retroviruses reticuloendotheliosis virus strain a (rev-a) and spleen necrosis virus (snv) are not naturally infectious in human cells. however, rev-a-derived viral vectors efficiently infect human cells when they are pseudotyped with envelope proteins displaying targeting ligands specific for human cell-surface receptors. here we report that vectors containing the gag region of rev-a and pol of snv can be pseudotyped with the envelope protein of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) and the ... | 2003 | 14517061 |
| spliced spleen necrosis virus vector rna is not encapsidated: implications for retroviral replication and vector design. | rna splicing is a complex event in the retroviral life cycle and can involve multiple steps, as well as cis-acting sequences, to maintain a proper balance of spliced and unspliced viral rna for translation and encapsidation. the retroviral rna can be processed by cellular machinery and enables the removal of intronic sequences. we aimed to utilize the removal of a synthetic intron for targeted gene expression. to analyze intron removal and gene expression, we have constructed a novel self-inacti ... | 2004 | 15093186 |
| chicken primary enterocytes: inhibition of eimeria tenella replication after activation with crude interferon-gamma supernatants. | a reproducible and original method for the preparation of chicken intestine epithelial cells from 18-day-old embryos for long-term culture was obtained by using a mechanical isolation procedure, as opposed to previous isolation methods using relatively high concentrations of trypsin, collagenase, or edta. chicken intestine epithelial cells typically expressed keratin and chicken e-cadherin, in contrast to chicken embryo fibroblasts, and they increased cell surface mhc ii after activation with cr ... | 2004 | 15529984 |
| insect contribution to horizontal transmission of reticuloendotheliosis virus. | the involvement of insects in reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) transmission was examined by testing insects trapped at commercial farms and by controlled feeding experiments using mosquitoes, culex pipiens l. and house flies, musca domestica l. we established sensitive methods of rev detection, including reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for rev-ltr and rev-gag genes, rev antigenemia measurements by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and virus isolation in tissue cultures. a ... | 2005 | 15799521 |
| isolation of recombinant field strains of marek's disease virus integrated with reticuloendotheliosis virus genome fragments. | two marek's disease virus (mdv) field strains were isolated from chickens with tumors independently from guangdong and guangxi provinces, and it was confirmed that there were no co-infections with reticuloendotheliosis viruses (rev) in chicken embryo fibroblast cells (cef) in indirect fluorescence antibody test (ifa) with rev-specific monoclonal antibodies. by dot blot hybridization and pcr of genomic dna of mdv-infected cef, it was indicated that ltr fragments of rev genome were integrated into ... | 2005 | 15844360 |
| serological investigations of infectious bursal disease virus and reticuloendotheliosis virus infections in new zealand chickens. | | 1982 | 16030899 |
| distinct roles for the nf-kappab1 and c-rel transcription factors in the differentiation and survival of plasmacytoid and conventional dendritic cells activated by tlr-9 signals. | reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog/nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in b cells 1 (rel/nf-kappab) activation is a ubiquitous outcome of engaging toll-like receptors (tlrs), yet the cell-type-specific functions of this pathway in response to particular microbial signals remain poorly defined. here we show that nf-kappab1 and c-rel, rel/nf-kappab proteins induced in conventional dendritic cells (cdcs) and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pdcs) by cytosine-phosphate-gua ... | 2005 | 16037393 |
| novel criteria for the diagnosis of marek's disease virus-induced lymphomas. | several novel criteria have been tested to assist in the differential diagnosis of tumours induced by marek's disease virus (mdv) from those induced by avian leukosis virus (alv) and reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev). a collection of tumours induced by inoculation of specific strains of mdv, alv and rev, alone or in combination, were tested for quantification of mdv dna by real-time polymerase chain reaction, expression of the mdv oncogene meq, expression of several cell markers associated with ... | 2005 | 16147570 |
| [immunogenicity of envelope glycoprotein gene of reticuloendotheliosis virus expressed in insect cell]. | a recombinant baculovirus expressing reticuloendotheliosis virus env gene was constructed with bac-to-bac baculovirus expression systems. after transfecting the recombinant virus into sf9 cells for 3 days, rev env can be detected by indirect immunofluorescence antibody assay (ifa) and western blot with specific monoclonal antibodies of rev. the oil-water emulsion vaccine was then produced using this infected sf9 cells lycates and inoculated spf chickens to validate the immunogenicity for rev. th ... | 2005 | 16245878 |
| construction and characterization of a fowlpox virus field isolate whose genome lacks reticuloendotheliosis provirus nucleotide sequences. | fowlpox virus (fwpv) has been isolated from vaccinated chicken flocks during subsequent fowlpox outbreaks that were characterized by a high degree of mortality and significant economic losses. this inability of current vaccines to induce adequate immunity in poultry could be reflective of an antigenic and/or biologic distinctiveness of fwpv field isolates. in this regard, whereas an infectious reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) provirus is present in the majority of the field viruses' genomes, on ... | 2005 | 16252496 |
| phylogenetic analyses indicate little variation among reticuloendotheliosis viruses infecting avian species, including the endangered attwater's prairie chicken. | reticuloendotheliosis virus infection, which typically causes systemic lymphomas and high mortality in the endangered attwater's prairie chicken, has been described as a major obstacle in repopulation efforts of captive breeding facilities in texas. although antigenic relationships among reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) strains have been previously determined, phylogenetic relationships have not been reported. the pol and env of rev proviral dna from prairie chickens (pc-r92 and pc-2404), from ... | 2006 | 16497405 |
| antigenic and genetic characterization of an avian poxvirus isolated from an endangered hawaiian goose (branta sandvicensis). | an avian poxvirus from cutaneous lesions in a hawaiian goose (branta sandvicensis) was characterized in this study. the virus was isolated by inoculation onto the chorioallantoic membranes (cams) of developing chicken embryos. cytoplasmic inclusion bodies were observed on histopathological examination of cam lesions. western blotting analysis using polyclonal antiserum against fowl poxvirus (fwpv) showed differences from fwpv, but a similar antigenic profile between hawaiian goosepox (hgp) isola ... | 2006 | 16617975 |
| evaluation of immune effects of fowlpox vaccine strains and field isolates. | the immune effects of fowlpox virus (fpv) field isolates and vaccine strains were evaluated in chickens infected at the age of 1 day and 6 weeks. the field isolates and the obsolete vaccine strain (fpv s) contained integrated reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) provirus, while the current vaccine strain (fpvst) carries only rev ltr sequences. an indirect antibody elisa was used to measure the fpv-specific antibody response. the non-specific humoral response was evaluated by injection of two t-cell ... | 2006 | 16650660 |
| sequence analysis for the complete proviral genome of reticuloendotheliosis virus chinese strain ha9901. | the genomic dna extracted from chicken embryo fibroblast (cef) infected with a chinese field isolate ha9901 of reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) was used as the template to amplify the rev proviral genomic cdna by pcr with 6 pairs of primers according to published sequences. six overlapping fragments were amplified, cloned into the ta vector and sequenced, including a fragment which was amplified from the circular proviral cdna and covering both 5'- and 3'-ends. the complete sequence of the whol ... | 2006 | 16704118 |
| sarcomas and myelocytomas induced by a retrovirus related to myeloblastosis-associated virus type 1 in white leghorn egg layer chickens. | an outbreak of subcutaneous sarcomas in commercial white leghorn egg layers was observed in the northeastern united states during late 2004. subcutaneous tumors were confined to three flocks distributed in two locations and belonging to the same company. the tumors were first observed grossly by farm personnel at approximately 7 wk of age and persisted throughout the economic life of the flocks. most of the tumors observed during the growing period were present on the facial region or around the ... | 2006 | 16863068 |
| chicken major histocompatibility complex class ii molecules of the b haplotype present self and foreign peptides. | the chicken major histocompatibility complex (mhc), or b-complex, mediates genetic resistance and susceptibility to infectious disease. for example, the b19 haplotype is associated with susceptibility to marek's disease. here, we describe the sequencing and analysis of peptides presented by b19 mhc class ii molecules. a b19/b19 b-cell line was used for the immunoaffinity purification of mhc class ii molecules, which was followed by acid elution of the bound peptides. the eluted peptides were the ... | 2006 | 16879355 |
| [sequence analysis of integration sites of reticuloendotheliosis virus ltr in fowlpox vaccine virus genomes]. | by use of genomic dna prepared from 5 fowlpox virus (fpv) vaccines made in china (from shandong, beijing, liaoning, zhejing and shanghai respectively) as the templates, reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) ltr was amplified in pcr with a pair of primers synthesized according to the sequences flanking the integrated rev-5'ltr in fpv genomes published in us and australia. sequence analysis indicated that the rev-5'ltr integration sites in genomes of all 5 chinese pfv vaccine products were identical t ... | 2006 | 17037075 |
| isolation and molecular biological investigations of avian poxviruses from chickens, a turkey, and a pigeon in croatia. | in the last 3 yr, several outbreaks of avian poxviruses (apvs) have been observed in different parts of croatia. four strains of apvs, from chickens, a pigeon, and a turkey, were isolated from cutaneous lesions by inoculation onto the chorioallantoic membranes (cam) of 12-day-old specific-pathogen-free chicken embryos. the resulting proliferative cam lesions contained eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies. the characteristic viral particles of poxvirus were detected in the infected cam and a ... | 2006 | 17039847 |
| detection of reticuloendotheliosis virus in live virus vaccines of poultry. | in vitro and in vivo assays have been used for the detection of reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) in live virus vaccines of poultry. the presence of rev is confirmed by the demonstration of viral antigen or provirus in chicken embryo fibroblasts (cefs) or in specific-pathogen-free chickens inoculated with vaccine. using rev polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies, cefs inoculated with vaccines can be examined for rev by immunofluorescence or immunoperoxidase staining methods. cell lysates from such ... | 2006 | 17058506 |
| full genome sequence and some biological properties of reticuloendotheliosis virus strain apc-566 isolated from endangered attwater's prairie chickens. | reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) causes runting, high mortality, immunosuppression, and chronic neoplasia associated with t and/or b cell lymphomas in a variety of domestic and wild birds, including attwater's prairie chickens (apc) (tympanuchus cupido attwateri). the complete proviral sequence of a recent rev isolate from apc (rev apc-566) was determined. this virus was isolated from an apc maintained in captivity in a reproduction program intended to avoid its extinction. rev apc-566 was dete ... | 2007 | 17098316 |
| serological and virological surveys of reticuloendotheliosis in chickens in taiwan. | reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) is widespread in the world. no related data has been reported in taiwan. to determine the rev infection status, antibody determination and virus isolation were performed on chickens in taiwan. the results revealed that serological flock prevalence for the rev antibody reached 92.8% (39/42) amongst breeders (> 16 weeks old). two different rev isolates were identified by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, electron microscopic, immunofluorescent, and ... | 2006 | 17213700 |
| enzootic reticuloendotheliosis in the endangered attwater's and greater prairie chickens. | reticuloendotheliosis (re) in captive greater prairie chickens (gpc, tympanuchus cupido pinnatus) and attwater's prairie chickens (apc, tympanuchus cupido attwateri) was first reported in 1998. re is caused by avian reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev), an oncogenic and immunosuppressive retrovirus infecting multiple species of wild and domestic birds. during august 2004 through may 2006 a captive population of prairie chickens was affected simultaneously with a neoplastic condition and also avian ... | 2006 | 17274288 |
| experimental infection of attwater's/greater prairie chicken hybrids with the reticuloendotheliosis virus. | reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev), a common pathogen of poultry, has been associated with runting and neoplasia in an endangered subspecies of grouse, the attwater's prairie chicken. the pathogenesis of rev infection was examined in experimentally infected prairie chickens. three groups of four attwater's/greater prairie chicken hybrids were infected intravenously with varying doses (tissue culture infective dose [tcid50], 200, 1000, and 5000) of a prairie chicken-isolated rev. a fourth group of ... | 2006 | 17274303 |
| effects of reticuloendotheliosis virus and marek's disease virus infection and co-infection on ifn-gamma production in spf chickens. | two experiments were used to examine the potential role of ifn-gamma in chickens infected with reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) and marek's disease virus (mdv). first, chickens were infected with rev and/or mdv at 5 days of age and examined from 3 to 50 days post-infection (dpi). in rev+mdv co-infection chickens, ifn-gamma elisa demonstrated a 3-fold increase at 7 dpi compared to the controls, while rev alone caused a 5-fold increase, the ifn-gamma levels peaked, and then gradually decreased. i ... | 2007 | 17339769 |
| rna helicase a interacts with divergent lymphotropic retroviruses and promotes translation of human t-cell leukemia virus type 1. | the 5' untranslated region (utr) of retroviruses contain structured replication motifs that impose barriers to efficient ribosome scanning. two rna structural motifs that facilitate efficient translation initiation despite a complex 5' utr are internal ribosome entry site (ires) and 5' proximal post-transcriptional control element (pce). here, stringent rna and protein analyses determined the 5' utr of spleen necrosis virus (snv), reticuloendotheliosis virus a (rev-a) and human t-cell leukemia v ... | 2007 | 17426138 |
| pathogenicity and transmission of reticuloendotheliosis virus isolated from endangered prairie chickens. | the pathogenicity and transmission of a field isolate of reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) was studied using an experimental model in japanese quail. oncogenicity was also evaluated after inoculations in chickens and turkeys. the original rev (designated apc-566) was isolated from attwater's prairie chickens (tympanuchus cupido attwateri), an endangered wild avian species of the southern united states. the transmissibility of the rev isolate was studied in young naive japanese quail in contact w ... | 2007 | 17461264 |
| epidemiological and pathological studies of subgroup j avian leukosis virus infections in chinese local "yellow" chickens. | epidemiological, pathological and molecular studies indicate that subgroup j avian leukosis virus (alv-j) infections are widely spread in "yellow chickens" of local breeds in china. alv-j induced tumour mortality and the serological conversion rates to alv-j were very high in some breeder flocks. typical myelocytomatosis was demonstrated not only in livers, spleens, kidneys, and sternums, as in white meat-type chickens, but also in thymuses and the bursa of fabricius. especially, severe myeloid ... | 2007 | 17497335 |
| detection and differentiation of re-emerging fowlpox virus (fwpv) strains carrying integrated reticuloendotheliosis virus (fwpv-rev) by real-time pcr. | current strains of fowlpox virus (fwpv) carrying circulating reticuloendotheliosis virus (fwpv-rev) sequence are becoming more pathogenic to poultry. this is evidenced by the fact that vaccination with current available fwpv vaccines provides limited protection against them. to characterize rev insertions in a collection of both older and more recent field isolates, we developed three different types of adjacent oligoprobes and primer sets from specific genomic locations of fwpv and rev: rev-env ... | 2008 | 17913400 |
| [pathogenicity and genomic sequence comparison of a chicken infectious anemia virus field isolate]. | a field strain c14 of chicken infectious anemia virus (cav) was isolated from a 14 day-old broiler flock with growth runting syndromes. antibody reactions to inactivated vaccines to avian influenza viruses (aiv) were suppressed in spf chickens inoculated with c14 strain cav at 1 day-old. also c14 strain cav and reticuloendotheliosis virus demonstrated a synergism in immunosuppression when chickens were infected with both virus. the viral genomic dna was amplified by pcr in 3 overlapped fragments ... | 2007 | 18062269 |
| occurrence of reticuloendotheliosis in chinese partridge. | two commercial flocks of chinese partridge experienced increased mortality associated with a wasting disease at 120-day old in june 2006. postmortem examination of dead chickens consistently showed visceral tissues mainly proventriculus, liver and spleen were diffuse enlargement. microscopic examination revealed masses of immature lymphocytes with frequent mitotic figures were seen in various tissues including proventriculus, liver, spleen, kidney, heart, lung, thymus and intestine. reticuloendo ... | 2007 | 18176029 |
| replication of non-defective reticuloendotheliosis viruses in the avian embryo assayed by pcr and immunofluorescence. | congenital transmission of reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) is known to occur when one of the parents in either tolerantly infected or viraemic; however little attention has been paid to replication of the virus within the embryo itself. in this study five non-defective and one replication-defective strain of rev were inoculated into the yolk sac of 6-day-old embryonated eggs. with the exception of one non-defective strain, the others induced embryonic deformation or lesions that were apparent ... | 1997 | 18483929 |
| field isolates of fowlpox virus contaminated with reticuloendotheliosis virus. | the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method was used to examine samples from field cases of fowlpox for the presence of reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev). the s-strain fowlpox vaccine, known to be contaminated with rev, served as a positive control. fowlpox virus was grown from field samples and vaccines by inoculation of embryonated hen eggs by the chorioallantoic membrane (cam) route. dna was extracted from the cam lesions and examined for rev proviral sequences using primers specific for the l ... | 1998 | 18483965 |
| [reticuloendotheliosis virus infection in ducks--an epidemiological studies]. | to study the epidemiological status of reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) infection in ducks. | 2008 | 18590239 |
| detection of reticuloendotheliosis virus by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization in experimentally infected japanese quail embryos and archived formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tumours. | reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) infection can result in immunosuppression, a runting syndrome, high mortality, acute reticulum cell neoplasia, or t-cell and/or b-cell lymphomas, in a variety of domestic and wild birds. histopathological changes in rev infection are not sufficient to differentiate it from avian lymphoid leukosis and marek's disease, and currently there are no available in situ diagnostic methods for detection of active rev presence in pathologic specimens. to develop immunohist ... | 2008 | 18622864 |
| use of the polymerase chain reaction for the diagnosis of natural infection of chickens and turkeys with marek's disease virus and reticuloendotheliosis virus. | marek's disease (md) is a highly contagious lymphoproliferative disease of chickens caused by a herpesvirus, while reticuloendotheliosis (rev) virus is an avian c-type retrovirus that causes bursal and nonbursal lymphomas which often closely resemble mdv lymphomas. to provide a rapid and sensitive means of diagnosing and differentiating between these two neoplastic conditions, we have applied the pcr. the primers chosen to detect mdv sequences flank the 132 bp tandem repeat of the bamhi-h fragme ... | 1995 | 18645767 |
| an outbreak of lymphomas in commercial broiler breeder chickens vaccinated with a fowlpox vaccine contaminated with reticuloendotheliosis virus. | gross and microscopic examinations of affected tissues from chickens of two commercial broiler breeder flocks aged 27 and 31 weeks revealed lesions of visceral lymphomas with bursal involvement in some chickens. reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev), but not avian leukosis virus (alv), was isolated from blood of affected chickens. furthermore, dna extracted from tumours tested positive for rev, but not for alv or marek's disease virus by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) test. attempts to determine th ... | 1996 | 18645835 |
| enhancement of reticuloendotheliosis virus-induced bursal lymphomas by serotype 2 marek's disease virus. | the effect of serotype 2 and 3 marek's disease virus (mdv) vaccines on the pathogenesis of reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev)-induced bursal and non-bursal lymphomas was examined in chickens of rprl lines 15i(5) x 7(1) and 6(3) x 0, respectively. at hatch, chickens were vaccinated with strain 301b/1 of serotype 2 mdv or strain fc126 of turkey herpesvirus (hvt), a serotype 3 mdv and inoculated with spleen necrosis virus (snv), a non-defective strain of rev. in another experiment, bursas from 14-we ... | 1996 | 18645839 |
| some observations on naturally occurring neoplasms of domestic fowls in the state of victoria, australia (1977-87). | in the 10 years to november 1987, 33 different types of naturally occurring neoplasms were diagnosed in 2281 domestic fowls submitted for necropsy examination. the most prevalent type was lymphoma (1825/2281 = 80%) including two cases in chickens from a flock free from marek's disease virus, exogenous avian leukosis viruses and reticuloendotheliosis virus; the remaining lymphomas were diagnosed on gross and/or histological criteria as marek's disease (1069) or lymphoid leukosis (754). of the non ... | 1996 | 18645870 |
| protection against reticuloendotheliosis virus-strain t tumours is associated with jmv-1 culture supernatant-enhanced natural killer cell activity. | one-day-old chicks were inoculated intraperitoneally with cell-free jmv-1 culture supernatant and were subsequently challenged with a lethal dose of recc-cu60 tumour cells at either 7 or 12 days of age. a significant reduction in mortality was evidenced in chicks that had been inoculated with jmv-1 culture supernatant prior to recc-cu60 tumour cell challenge at 12 days of age, compared with all other treatment groups. reducing the serum content of jmv-1 culture medium or changing the base medium ... | 1992 | 18670954 |
| preparation and characterization of chicken intraepithelial leukocytes. | intraepithelial leukocytes (iels) form an important component of the intestinal immune system. several methods of preparing chicken iels were compared for cell yield, cell populations, and functional activity against a natural killer (nk)-susceptible lymphoblastoid cell line (lscc-rp9). in addition, an attempt was made to immortalize iels by infection with reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) for use in cell-trafficking studies. intestinal fragments were incubated in 5 mm dl-dithiothreitol at 41 de ... | 1993 | 18671036 |
| detection of reticuloendotheliosis virus infection using the polymerase chain reaction. | the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was shown to be a sensitive and useful method for detection of infection by members of the group of avian reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev). genomic dna extracted from chick embryo fibroblasts (cefs), blood and tumours of chickens experimentally infected with the spleen necrosis virus (snv) strain of rev was used as the target for chain elongation. deoxyoligonucleotide primers that encompass a portion of the unique 3', repeat and unique 5' region of the long t ... | 1993 | 18671039 |
| effect of reticuloendotheliosis virus and infectious bursal disease virus on marek's disease herpesvirus latency. | birds infected with reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) were exposed to marek's disease virus (mdv) to determine if the establishment of mdv latency was affected by rev-induced immunosuppression, while other chickens, already latently infected with mdv, were challenged with rev or infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) to determine if the consequent immunosuppression caused a return to cytolytic infection. immunosuppression was assessed by in vitro mitogen stimulation assays with spleen cells. lat ... | 1989 | 18679859 |
| characterisation of cell lines transformed in vivo and in vitro by reticuloendotheliosis virus-t strain. | a total of 39 cell lines were established from the spleen, liver, bone marrow and thymus of chick embryos and young chickens into which reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev)-t strain was inoculated, which were incubated in vitro. forty-six sublines were obtained from these cell lines by cloning. for establishment of three in vitro-transformed cell lines, the spleen and bone marrow cells from chickens were exposed to the culture fluids of some cell lines. these established cell lines were designated ... | 1989 | 18679862 |
| propagation of reticuloendotheliosis virus strain t in cell lines derived from avian lymphoid leukosis lymphoma and marek's disease tumour. | propagation of reticuloendotheliosis virus strain t (rev-t) was studied in avian lymphoid leukosis lymphoma-derived cell lines (lscc-1104x5 and bk 3) and marek's disease tumour-derived cell lines (mdcc-msb1 and rp 1). these four cell lines showed cellular growth for a long time even after they were infected with rev-t. production of non-oncogenic rev-t, replication non-defective virus, in these cell lines continued for 3 to 7 months. when culture fluids from 1104x5, msb1 and rp 1, which were inf ... | 1989 | 18679890 |
| isolation of marek's disease virus from japanese quail with lymphoproliferative disease. | sixty-one japanese quail from eight flocks with problems of recurring outbreaks of lymphoproliferative diseases resembling marek's disease (md), were examined aetiologically. gross lymphomatous lesions were seen in 17 of the quail and 11 out of 56 quail had md virus (mdv) feather tips antigens. mdv antibody was detectable in only one of 22 quail. none of 9 quail had antibodies against reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev). no mdv was isolated from the total 42 materials of quail using cell culture t ... | 1990 | 18679919 |
| caperalpha is a novel rel-tad-interacting factor that inhibits lymphocyte transformation by the potent rel/nf-kappab oncoprotein v-rel. | the rel/nf-kappab transcription factors are constitutively activated in many human cancers. the rel proteins in this family are implicated in leukemia/lymphomagenesis, but the mechanism is not completely understood. previous studies showed that the transcription activation domains (tads) of the viral oncoprotein v-rel and its cellular rel/nf-kappab homologues c-rel and rela are key determinants of their different transforming activities in primary lymphocytes. substitution of a rel tad for that ... | 2008 | 18753212 |
| nonbursal lymphomas induced by nondefective reticuloendotheliosis virus. | in previous studies we described bursal lymphomas similar to those of lymphoid leukosis in line 15x7 chickens inoculated with nondefective reticuloendotheliosis (re) virus. a different type of neoplastic disease syndrome induced by nondefective re virus is described in the present study. the tumours were characterised as lymphomas and most commonly involved the thymus, heart, liver, and spleen; the bursa invariably appeared normal or atrophied. mortality from nonbursal lymphomas occurred as earl ... | 1986 | 18766547 |
| vertical transmission of reticuloendotheliosis virus in chickens. | in this study, the vertical transmission of reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) in chickens was examined using 6-month-old birds with viraemia which had persisted since birth. eggs collected from such hens were incubated within 24 hours of lay and it was found that 18 of 35 of the progeny were infected with rev. seventeen of the 18 died before they were 28 days of age, due to a nervous syndrome. some of the eggs laid by viraemic hens were stored at room temperature between 1 and 10 days and were t ... | 1987 | 18766598 |
| outbreak of atypical fowlpox in chickens with persistent reticuloendotheliosis viraemia. | during the autumn in s/eastern australia, eight chickens of 7 months of age with an experimentally-induced reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) viraemia developed cutaneous manifestations similar to fowlpox. ten hatchmates housed in a separate pen nearby, and known to be free of rev infection, remained clinically normal. fowlpox virus was isolated from the affected birds and histologically the lesions were characteristic of fowlpox. unsuccessful application of fowlpox vaccine by wing web 'stab', 2 ... | 1987 | 18766601 |
| diagnosis of lymphoproliferative disease virus infection of turkeys by an indirect immunofluorescence test. | an indirect immunofluorescence (iif) test for the detection of lympho-proliferative disease virus (lpdv) is described. results presented show that smears of buffy coat cells and frozen sections of spleen, but not thymus, form suitable test materials for a rapid and specific diagnosis of lpdv infection of turkeys. between 0.1 and 0.6% of buffy coat cells from infected birds were antigen positive, and spleens from 18/18 and thymuses from 11/18 birds respectively, tested 16 months after viral inocu ... | 1987 | 18766626 |
| an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of reticuloendotheliosis virus infection in chickens. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the detection of reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) is described. the assay is based on antiserum produced in rabbits against the group-specific (gs) antigen of rev which has a molecular weight of 30 kda (p30). the p30 for immunisation was obtained by electro-elution from polyacrylamide gels after separation of purified rev by electrophoresis. western blotting indicated that the antiserum produced was specific for p30 of rev. the double antibody sa ... | 1987 | 18766649 |
| isolation of a reticuloendotheliosis-like virus from naturally occurring lymphoreticular tumours of domestic goose. | naturally occurring lymphoreticular tumours were found in an adult goose flock. diffuse and/or nodular lymphoma-like tumours occurred in the spleen, liver, pancreas, intestines and rarely in other internal organs. osteopetrosis-like lesions and signs of other diseases such as amidostomosis, enteritis, arthritis and air sacculitis were also observed. the tumourous lesions consisted of proliferations of undifferentiated lymphoblasts and slightly differentiated plasmablasts of the bursal system of ... | 1988 | 18766685 |
| lymphoreticular tumour in pen-raised pheasants associated with a reticuloendotheliosis like virus infection. | an outbreak of a lymphoproliferative disease in pheasants is described. nodular or diffuse tumours were found on the head and in various internal organs. the lesions consisted of undifferentiated lymphoreticular cells. a typical c-type virus, similar to reticuloendotheliosis virus was isolated in tissue culture. however, this virus particle could not be seen in the tumours. the isolate is antigenically related to the reticuloendotheliosis group of viruses. typical reticuloendotheliosis was induc ... | 1983 | 18766763 |
| effects of avian viruses on cultured chicken bone-marrow-derived macrophages. | cultured chicken bone-marrow-derived macrophages have been assayed for their susceptibility to infection with various avian viruses. three criteria of infection were employed: (1) virus-induced alterations in cell morphology ; (2) presence of intracellular viral antigens detectable by immunofluorescence; (3) kinetics of virus release by infected macrophages. macrophages proved to be resistant to marek's disease virus (mdv), herpesvirus of turkeys (hvt-fc126), infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) an ... | 1983 | 18766776 |
| distribution of virus and tumour formation in ducks experimentally infected with reticuloendotheliosis virus. | the effect of reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) was investigated in ducks. ducks experimentally infected at 1 day and 8 weeks of age, and ducks in-contact with these, weighed less than unaffected controls. nine of 14 ducks inoculated at 1 day old died at a mean age of 22 weeks and seven of them had tumours. rev was isolated from almost all the organs from ducks with persistent viraemia. ducks inoculated neonatally began laying 3 weeks later than the controls and produced a significantly lower pr ... | 1984 | 18766846 |
| continuous cell culture from chick embryos inoculated with rev strain t. | oncogenic reticuloendotheliosis virus strain t (rev-t) was inoculated into 9-day-old embryonated eggs of specific pathogen free chickens. a continuous cell line was established from the liver cells of one embryo harvested the day before hatching which had the following properties: it formed loose aggregates and propagated floating in the medium. the cell doubling time was about 24 hours. viral antigen was demonstrated in the cytoplasm by the direct immunofluorescent antibody technique. c-type pa ... | 1981 | 18770134 |
| further studies on vertical transmission of reticuloendotheliosis virus in turkeys. | turkey hens were inseminated with infected semen from rev tolerant turkey stags at weekly intervals for 6 weeks, and subsequently with semen from uninfected control stags for a further 6 weeks. cell cultures prepared from eggs produced during the experimental period were assayed for rev by an indirect fluorescent antibody test. poults hatched from such eggs were also assayed for rev at 1 day of age or maintained to 28 weeks of age to study lateral spread of virus to uninfected hatch mates. rev w ... | 1981 | 18770135 |
| experimental infection of chickens with an australian strain of reticuloendotheliosis virus 3. persistent infection and transmission by the adult hen. | vertical transmission of reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) infection was demonstrated in embryonated eggs from an adult hen with persistent rev viraemia but no serum antibody. pooling of infected embryos from this hen with those from antibody-positive hens appeared to inhibit the infectivity of congenitally-transmitted rev. rev was detected in vaginal swabs from this hen on 11 occasions over a period of 26 weeks of adult life and infectious rev was shed from the eye, mouth and in the droppings. ... | 1981 | 18770151 |
| effects of reticuloendotheliosis virus on the response of chickens to infectious laryngotracheitis virus. | effects of reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) on the response to infectious laryngotracheitis virus (iltv) were investigated in young chickens with and without maternally derived antibody (mab) to rev. in the first experiment a group of 1-day-old chickens without rev mab were inoculated at 1 day of age with rev whilst another group of similar chickens were left uninoculated. all chickens were vaccinated with iltv at 7 days of age. there was a significantly higher proportion of infectious laryngot ... | 1982 | 18770210 |
| effects of infectious bursal disease virus and reticuloendotheliosis virus infection of chickens on the incidence of marek's disease and on local tumour development of the non-producer jmv transplant. | dual infection of chickens with the hprs-16 or hprs-b14 strains of marek's disease (md) virus and non-transforming reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev-c) was shown not to affect significantly the incidence of md or the incidence of md lymphomas. simultaneous infection of chickens with a pathogenic strain of infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) and the hprs-b 14 strain of md virus resulted in a consistently reduced incidence of md and lengthening of the latent period, but the incidence of md lymph ... | 1980 | 18770244 |
| the relationship between feathering abnormalities ("nakanuke") and tumour production in chickens inoculated with reticuloendotheliosis virus. | high concentrations of t strain reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev), which had been maintained by passage in 1-day-old chicks, produced reticuloendotheliosis tumours and deaths 8 to 13 days after inoculation. at lower concentrations fo virus inoculum, deaths did not occur but feathering abnormalities ("nakanuke") was regularly produced. these results indicate that the oncogenic t strain of rev may also produce abnormal feathering. the oncogenic potential was decreased when rev-t strain maintained ... | 1980 | 18770271 |
| experimental infection and vertical transmission of reticuloendotheliosis virus in the turkey. | groups of turkey poults were infected with reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) at 1 day of age, 4 weeks of age and by contact exposure from 1 day of age. mortality from reticuloendotheliosis occurred in all three groups, but was at a lower level and later in life in turkeys inoculated at 4 weeks of age. using a plaque neutralisation test, antibody to rev was detected in birds inoculated when 4 weeks old and in contact exposed birds, but not in turkeys inoculated at 1 day of age. neutralising antib ... | 1980 | 18770282 |
| reticuloendotheliosis antigen for the agar gel precipitation test. | an antigen for gel precipitation was prepared from chick embryo fibroblast cultures inoculated with the reticuloendotheliosis virus. the specificity of the reaction was confirmed with reference reticuloendotheliosis and spleen necrosis sera. no precipitation reactions occurred between this antigen and marek's disease, newcastle disease, infectious bronchitis, pasteurella multocida and haemorrhagic enteritis antisera. | 1977 | 18770334 |
| cross-protection between jmv marek's disease-derived tumour transplant, marek's disease and turkey herpesviruses. | cross-protection tests were conducted using attenuated jmv (jmv-a) marek's disease-derived lymphoblasts, glutaraldehyde-treated jmv tumour cells, attenuated marek's disease virus (mdv, strain hprs-16/att) and turkey herpesvirus (hvt, strain fc126) as vaccines, and virulent jmv and mdv (hprs-16) for challenge. the jmv and jmv-a preparations were free of mdv, leukosis and reticuloendotheliosis viruses. vaccination of chickens with attenuated mdv or with hvt provided good protection against both jm ... | 1977 | 18770345 |
| immunological effects of reticuloendotheliosis virus as potential contaminant of marek's disease vaccines. | certain properties of four strains of reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev), namely rev-f, rev-s, rev-c and chick syncytial virus (csv) were studied in vivo and in vitro. in chicken embryo fibroblast (cef) cultures these viruses caused a chronic infection which could be detected by indirect immunofluorescence (fa) tests. precipitating antigens were present in infected cultured cells as well as in culture supernatants. antibodies in sera of rev-inoculated chickens were demonstrated by fa tests and ag ... | 1977 | 18770347 |
| lymphoproliferative disease of turkeys. ii. experimental transmission and aetiology. | the clinical and pathological features of a previously reported lympho-proliferative disease of turkeys were reproduced by inoculation of 4-week-old poults, and spread to in contact turkeys was demonstrated. from studies on the development of the lesions in inoculated turkeys, it was possible to assay the causative agent based on microscopic examination of early lesions. poults were more susceptible to inoculation when 4 weeks old than to inoculation at 1 day old, and different strains of turkey ... | 1978 | 18770366 |
| persistent viraemia in chickens subsequent to in ovo inoculation of reticuloendotheliosis virus. | embryonated chicken eggs were inoculated with reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev), and the hatched chicks were reared until the age of 6 months. these birds were found to be viraemic and remained so for the entire duration of the experiment. in agar gel precipitation tests (agpt) their sera reacted as rev antigen. infective rev was demonstrated in these sera by inoculation of cell cultures or chickens. the viraemic birds responded poorly to newcastle disease vaccine. using the agpt, a number of bi ... | 1978 | 18770376 |
| a leukosis in turkeys associated with infection with reticuloendotheliosis virus. | the clinical features and lesions are described for an outbreak of a leukosis in an integrated turkey breeding organisation. turkeys had diarrhoea between 8 and 12 weeks of age and from 15 weeks onwards leukosis lesions appeared. a greater than 20% mortality occurred in most affected flocks. the disease was characterised clinically by enlargement of the liver and to a lesser degree other organs. microscopically the lesions consisted of proliferations of lymphoblastoid cells. reticuloendotheliosi ... | 1978 | 18770410 |
| experimental infection of chickens with an australian strain of reticuloendotheliosis virus. i. clinical, pathological and haematological effects. | a wide range of clinical, pathological and haematological effects were found over a 40-week period in chickens inoculated at 1-day-old with a low-passage, cell-culture preparation of an australian strain of reticuloendotheliosis virus. feathering defects and statistically significant depression of body weights occurred in chickens up to 8 weeks of age. other findings in birds that died or were culled during the 40-week experimental period included mild anaemia, leucopenia, heterophilia, hypoplas ... | 1979 | 18770427 |
| experimental infection of chickens with an australian strain of reticuloendotheliosis virus. 2. serological responses and pathogenesis. | fifteen spf chickens were inoculated with an australian strain of reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) at 1 day of age and five uninoculated chickens were readily infected by horizontal spread from this group. antibody detectable by the immunofluorescent antibody (ifa) test developed 3 to 6 weeks after infection, and usually persisted for 20-35 weeks, with maximum titres (40-1280) at 8 to 13 weeks. agar gel precipitin (agp) reactions developed more slowly and were variable in duration, the highest ... | 1979 | 18770465 |
| integration of the reticuloendotheliosis virus envelope gene into the poultry fowlpox virus genome is not universal. | fowlpox virus (fwpv) is found worldwide in poultry and wild birds. fwpv is a natural example of recombination between viruses, as reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) fragments have been found in all poultry fwpvs and these are implicated in virulence alteration. we aimed to determine the commonality of this phenomenon and analysed fwpvs collected from 128 poultry flocks and birds over the last 10 years. various fragments of both viruses were amplified and sequenced at the fwpv integration site, lo ... | 2008 | 18796713 |
| molecular characterization of a poxvirus isolated from an american flamingo (phoeniconais ruber rubber). | an avian poxvirus from the beak scab of an american flamingo (phoeniconais ruber rubber) was isolated by inoculation on the chorioallantoic membrane (cam) of specific-pathogen-free (spf) chicken embryos. the virus produced multifocal areas of epithelial hyperplasia along with foci of inflammation in the cam, and rare cells contained small eosinophilic intracytoplasmic bodies. chickens inoculated with the isolated virus in the feather follicle of the leg did not develop significant lesions. nucle ... | 2008 | 18939646 |
| isolation, identification, and complete genome sequence of an avian reticuloendotheliosis virus isolated from geese. | naturally occurring lymphoreticular tumors in geese have been found from time to time in taiwan, but their etiology has not been determined except through morphological descriptions. this study observed a reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) infection occurring in a white roman goose (anser anser) farm in yunlin, taiwan in 2006. these geese showed growth-retarded and nodular lymphoma-like tumors in the liver, lung, kidney, and pancreas. thirty blood samples were taken for rev detection and 21 (70%) ... | 2009 | 19131189 |
| protective efficacy of vaccination against highly pathogenic avian influenza is dramatically suppressed by early infection of chickens with reticuloendotheliosis virus. | the present study was conducted to understand epidemiological factors that depress the protective efficacy of vaccination against highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai). specific pathogen free chickens were infected at different ages with immunosuppressive reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev), then vaccinated with inactivated vaccine h5n2 and challenged with hpai h5n1. compared with control birds, early rev infection significantly inhibited antibody response to h5n2 vaccine and dramatically decre ... | 2009 | 19145513 |
| re-emerging fowlpox: evaluation of isolates from vaccinated flocks. | vaccines of fowlpox or pigeonpox virus origin have been routinely used for more than half a century to prevent fowlpox in commercial poultry in areas where the disease is endemic. however, in recent years, outbreaks of fowlpox have occurred in previously vaccinated flocks. one possible explanation for this problem is the emergence of variant strains of fowlpox virus (fpv). a second, not mutually exclusive, postulate is that the novel fpv exhibit enhanced virulence due to the integration of avian ... | 2000 | 19184837 |
| an avian, oncogenic retrovirus replicates in vivo in more than 50% of cd4+ and cd8+ t lymphocytes from an endangered grouse. | reoccurring infection of reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev), an avian oncogenic retrovirus, has been a major obstacle in attempts to breed and release an endangered grouse, the attwater's prairie chicken (tympanicus cupido attwateri). rev infection of these birds in breeding facilities was found to result in significant decreases in the cd4(+) and increases in the cd8(+) lymphocyte populations, although experimental infection of birds resulted in only increases in the cd8(+) lymphocytes. because ... | 2009 | 19237181 |
| [comparision of pathogenicity and horizontal transmission ability between recombinant marek's disease virus field strain with rev-ltr and a very virulent reference strain]. | gx0101 is a recombinant field strain of marek's disease virus (mdv) with a long terminal repeat (ltr) insert from reticuloendotheliosis virus, a chicken retrovirus. in this study, gx0101 strain was compared to a very virulent reference strain md5 for their pathogenicity and transmission ability. | 2009 | 19621645 |
| latency of marek's disease virus (mdv) in a reticuloendotheliosis virus-transformed t-cell line. i: uptake and structure of the latent mdv genome. | marek's disease virus (mdv) is an acute transforming alphaherpesvirus of chickens that causes marek's disease. during the infection of chickens, mdv establishes latency in cd4+ (t-helper) cells, which are also the target of transformation. the study of mdv latency has been limited to the use of mdv tumor-derived cell lines or blood cells isolated from chickens during presumed periods of latent infection. in 1992 pratt et al. described the uptake of the mdv genome by a reticuloendotheliosis-trans ... | 2009 | 19630217 |
| latency of marek's disease virus (mdv) in a reticuloendotheliosis virus-transformed t-cell line. ii: expression of the latent mdv genome. | marek's disease virus (mdv) is an alphaherpesvirus of chickens that causes the paralysis and rapid lymphoma formation known as marek's disease. mdv establishes latent infection in activated cd4+ t-cells, and these cells are also the target for transformation. mdv latency has been studied using mdv lymphoma-derived cell lines and t-cells isolated from infected chickens. each of these models has limitations because mdv-transformed cell lines require the use of oncogenic viruses; conversely, pools ... | 2009 | 19630218 |
| serologic response against fowl poxvirus and reticuloendotheliosis virus after experimental and natural infections of chickens with fowl poxvirus. | two infection studies in chickens were done to investigate the humoral immune response against fowl poxvirus (fpv) and reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) after intradermal infection with different passages of a field isolate and with the vaccine strain hp b. the field isolate in a low passage carried the near-full-length rev provirus and induced antibodies to rev, but not to fpv. the vaccine strain carried only remnants of the long terminal repeat and induced antibodies against fpv, but not again ... | 2009 | 19630225 |
| quantitative pcr as a tool to determine the reticuloendotheliosis virus-proviral load of fowl poxvirus. | sequences of the reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev), an avian retrovirus, are integrated into the genome of fowl poxvirus (fpv). we developed and evaluated a quantitative multiplex real-time pcr (multiplex qpcr) assay to determine the rev-proviral load of fpv strains. amplification efficiencies were 98.7% for the amplification of the fpv dna and 88.7% for the amplification of rev-proviral dna. the ratio between fpv dna and rev-proviral dna was calculated from the pcr efficiencies and the threshol ... | 2009 | 19630226 |
| reticuloendotheliosis virus strain t induces mir-155, which targets jarid2 and promotes cell survival. | the oncogenic microrna mir-155 is upregulated by several oncogenic viruses. the precursor of mir-155, termed bic, was first observed to cooperate with myc in chicken b-cell lymphomas induced by avian leukosis proviral integrations. we identified another oncogenic retrovirus, reticuloendotheliosis virus strain t (rev-t), that upregulates mir-155 in chicken embryo fibroblasts. we also observed very high levels of mir-155 in rev-t-induced b-cell lymphomas. to study the role of mir-155 in these tumo ... | 2009 | 19759154 |
| full genome sequences of two reticuloendotheliosis viruses contaminating commercial vaccines. | reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) fragments are a common contaminant in some commercial vaccines such as fowl poxvirus (fpv) and marek's disease virus. however, only those strains integrating or containing a near-intact rev provirus are more likely to cause problems in the field. we confirm here, by pcr assays and animal experiments, that vaccines against fpv and herpes virus of turkeys were contaminated with full genome sequences of rev. further, we determined the complete proviral sequence of ... | 2009 | 19848070 |
| analysis of immunological enhancement of immunosuppressed chickens by chinese herbal extracts. | radix astragali, radix codonopis, herba epimedii and radix glycyrrizae are 4 plants commonly used in chinese traditional medicine or veterinary medicine to improve immune functions against chronic diseases in humans and animals. | 2010 | 19914368 |
| simultaneous endemic infections with subgroup j avian leukosis virus and reticuloendotheliosis virus in commercial and local breeds of chickens. | epidemiological studies of subgroup j avian leukosis virus (alv-j) and reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) infections were conducted during 1999 to 2009 on 29 chicken flocks of various commercial and local breeds located in six provinces in china. samples were typically from chickens with myelocytomas or proventricular lesions. alv-j was isolated from 25 flocks including seven out of seven flocks containing "yellow chickens" or other local breeds and several flocks of layer chickens. rev was isola ... | 2009 | 19937533 |
| functional evaluation of the role of reticuloendotheliosis virus long terminal repeat (ltr) integrated into the genome of a field strain of marek's disease virus. | mdv-gx0101 is a field strain of marek's disease virus with a naturally occurring insertion of the reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) ltr fragment. in order to study the biological properties of rev-ltr insertion in the mdv genome, we constructed a full-length infectious bac clone of mdv-gx0101 strain and deleted the ltr sequences by bac mutagenesis. the pathogenic properties of the ltr-deleted virus were evaluated in infected spf birds. the study demonstrated that the ltr-deleted virus had a stro ... | 2010 | 19962172 |
| molecular and biological characterization of a marek's disease virus field strain with reticuloendotheliosis virus ltr insert. | a marek's disease virus (mdv) field strain designated gx0101 was isolated from a layer flock and confirmed to be a recombinant virus with an insert of a long terminal repeat (ltr) from the reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev). a chimeric molecule containing an rev-ltr insert of 539 bp and its flanking sequences from mdv was amplified and sequenced. an rev-ltr downstream from the internal repeat short (irs) region has 77.4-98.6% homology to seven rev field strains isolated from different avian speci ... | 2010 | 20043197 |
| [prokaryotic expression, purification and identification of the recombinant gp90 protein of reticuloendotheliosis virus]. | to obtain the recombinant gp90 protein of reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) and the anti-gp90 serum with high titer. | 2009 | 20069886 |
| [receptors for animal retroviruses]. | diseases caused by animal retroviruses have been recognized since 19th century in veterinary field. most livestock and companion animals have own retroviruses. to disclose the receptors for these retroviruses will be useful for understanding retroviral pathogenesis, developments of anti-retroviral drugs and vectors for human and animal gene therapies. of retroviruses in veterinary field, receptors for the following viruses have been identified; equine infectious anemia virus, feline immunodefici ... | 2009 | 20218331 |
| diagnosis of a naturally occurring dual infection of layer chickens with fowlpox virus and gallid herpesvirus 1 (infectious laryngotracheitis virus). | an outbreak of acute respiratory disease in layers was diagnosed as being of dual nature due to fowlpox and infectious laryngotracheitis using a multidisciplinary approach including virus isolation, histopathology, electron microscopy and polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the diagnosis was based on virus isolation of gallid herpesvirus 1 (gahv-1) in chicken kidney cells and fowlpox virus (fwpv) in 9-day-old chicken embryonated eggs inoculated via the chorioallantoic membrane. the histopathology o ... | 2010 | 20390533 |