| virus specific syngeneic killing of reticuloendotheliosis virus transformed cell line target cells by spleen cells. | | 1987 | 3496613 |
| c-myc activation in an unusual retrovirus-induced avian t-lymphoma resembling marek's disease: proviral insertion 5' of exon one enhances the expression of an intron promoter. | characterization of nonacute retrovirus-induced neoplasms have greatly facilitated our understanding of the mechanisms by which host protooncogenes are activated. here we report the molecular characterization of a newly identified chicken lymphoma, which does not involve the bursa of fabricius. this lymphoma, specifically induced by reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev), is similar in tumor location and t-cell origin to marek's disease, a herpesvirus-induced t-lymphoma. we show the c-myc is the spec ... | 1987 | 3505666 |
| analysis of structural polypeptides of the lymphoproliferative disease virus (lpdv) of turkeys. | the polypeptide composition of the lymphoproliferative disease virus (lpdv) of turkeys was shown to comprise several polypeptides with apparent molecular weights of 76, 31, 28, 20 and 15 kda. this polypeptide pattern is distinctly different from the protein profiles of avian leukosis viruses, reticuloendotheliosis virus, or murine leukemia viruses. moreover, lpd virions contain 2 major structural proteins (p31 and p28), in contrast to only one major internal protein present in most other retrovi ... | 1986 | 3510987 |
| replication of reticuloendotheliosis viruses in cell culture: acute infection. | replication of reticuloendotheliosis viruses (rev) in cultures of chicken and duck fibroblasts leads to some cell death soon after infection. this cell killing was used to develop a plaque assay for trager duck spleen necrosis virus (tdsnv) on duck embryo fibroblasts. a normal replicative cell cycle was required for normal virus production and the development of cytopathic effects in chicken cells exposed to tdsnv. the latent period was about two days. stationary chicken embryo fibroblasts could ... | 1974 | 4855738 |
| peripheral nerve lesions similar to those of marek's disease in chickens inoculated with reticuloendotheliosis virus. | | 1970 | 5002007 |
| reticuloendotheliosis virus and disturbance in immune regulation. | reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev-t) is a replication-defective retrovirus which induces a rapidly-fatal lymphoma. the helper virus, reticuloendotheliosis-associated virus (rev-a), induces a splenic suppressor cell population which cytostatically inhibits the proliferation of cytotoxic cells capable of lysing rev-t tumour cells. | 1984 | 6101110 |
| mitochondrial alterations associated with avian reticuloendotheliosis virus (strain t) pathogenicity. | | 1972 | 5047690 |
| radioimmunological comparison of the dna polymerases of avian retroviruses. | 125i-labeled dna polymerases of avian myeloblastosis virus and spleen necrosis virus were used in a radioimmunological characterization of avian retrovirus dna polymerases. it was shown that avian leukosis virus and reticuloendotheliosis virus dna polymerases do not cross-react in radioimmunoassays. within the avian leukosis virus species, species-specific and type-specific antigenic determinants of the dna polymerase were defined. the previous finding of genus-specific antigenic determinants in ... | 1980 | 6154153 |
| nucleic acid sequences of the oncogene v-rel in reticuloendotheliosis virus strain t and its cellular homolog, the proto-oncogene c-rel. | reticuloendotheliosis virus strain t (rev-t) is a highly oncogenic replication-defective retrovirus which contains the oncogene v-rel. it is thought that rev-t arose when a virus similar to rev-a, the helper virus of rev-t, infected a turkey and recombined with c-rel from that turkey. there is one large c-rel locus in the turkey genome which contains all of the sequences homologous to v-rel (k. c. wilhelmsen and h. m. temin, j. virol. 49:521-529, 1984). we have sequenced v-rel and its flanking s ... | 1984 | 6090694 |
| reticuloendotheliosis in breeder turkeys. | reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) was isolated at 21 weeks from a flock of breeder turkeys with lymphoid neoplasms. except for about 2% mortality due to tumors mainly between 20 and 30 weeks of age, the livability and egg production of the flock were normal. egg transmission as a source of infection seemed unlikely, because no rev antibodies or production problems were observed in two sister flocks (hatchmates) and in three progeny flocks, and because eggs obtained from the breeder flock at 45 w ... | 1984 | 6091607 |
| identification of the v-rel protein in rev-t transformed chicken bone marrow cells and expression in cos1 cells. | the product of the v-rel oncogene has been identified as a 55,000 dalton protein using antiserum prepared against a synthetic polypeptide whose sequence was deduced from the dna sequence of v-rel. this antiserum was used in a western blot assay to identify the product of v-rel in chicken bone marrow cells transformed with reticuloendotheliosis virus, strain t (rev-t), and in cos1 cells transfected with an expression vector containing the v-rel gene. transient expression of v-rel under the transc ... | 1986 | 3947347 |
| chemical and immunological characterization of the major structural protein (p28) of mmc-1, a rhesus monkey endogenous type c virus: homology with the major structural protein of avian reticuloendotheliosis virus. | the major core protein (p28) of mmc-1, an endogenous type c virus of the rhesus monkey (macaca mulatta), was purified and subjected to structural and immunological analyses. the nh2-terminal amino acid sequence of mmc-1 p28 showed extensive homology to the sequences of the major structural proteins (p30) of known mammalian type c viruses. similarly, interspecies antigenic determinants shared by all the above viral proteins were detected in mmc-1 p28. competition radioimmunoassays together with t ... | 1981 | 6169843 |
| avian reticuloendotheliosis virus (strain t). 3. ultrastructure studies. | | 1971 | 4110517 |
| serological analysis of the deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase of avian oncornaviruses. ii. comparison of avian deoxyribonucleic acid polymerases. | monospecific antiserum prepared against the isolated deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) polymerase of avian myeloblastosis virus (amv) neutralized the endogenous ribonucleic acid-instructed dna polymerase activity of detergent-disrupted virus. the viral polymerase was serologically unrelated to the seven major structural polypeptides of amv. furthermore, the viral enzyme was distinguished from normal cellular dna polymerases by serological criteria; thus, antiserum against the viral enzyme neutralized ... | 1972 | 4117966 |
| lack of serological relationship among dna polymerases of avian leukosis-sarcoma viruses, reticuloendotheliosis viruses, and chicken cells. | antibodies against a large and a small dna polymerase isolated from chicken embryos and against avian myeloblastosis virus dna polymerase were used to study the serological relationships of the dna polymerase activities of three avian systems with rna and a dna polymerase-avian leukosis-sarcoma viruses, reticuloendotheliosis viruses, and a fraction from uninfected chicken cells. the dna polymerase activity of disrupted virions of all avian leukosis-sarcoma viruses tested was neutralized to the s ... | 1973 | 4127028 |
| lack of sequence homology among rnas of avian leukosis-sarcoma viruses, reticuloendotheliosis viruses, and chicken endogenous rna-directed dna polymerase activity. | the relatedness of the rnas of the three avian systems, including six avian leukosis-sarcoma viruses, four reticuloendotheliosis viruses, and the microsome fraction of normal uninfected chicken embryo cells, containing rna and a dna polymerase have been studied by nucleic acid hybridization. all six avian leukosis-sarcoma viruses have closely related nucleotide sequences; and all four reticuloendotheliosis viruses have closely related nucleotide sequences. but, almost no similarities were detect ... | 1973 | 4128378 |
| specific serological relationships among partially purified dna polymerases of avian leukosis-sarcoma viruses, reticuloendotheliosis viruses, and avian cells. | specific serological relationships were found among the partially purified dna polymerases of the two groups of avian viruses whose virions contain rna and a dna polymerase-the avian leukosis-sarcoma viruses and the reticuloendotheliosis viruses-and three avian species which are natural hosts for these viruses: chickens, turkeys, and pekin ducks. no relationships were found to dna polymerases of hela cells or escherichia coli. these results are consistent with the hypothesis that rna viruses wit ... | 1974 | 4132917 |
| on the origin of rna tumor viruses. | | 1973 | 4142634 |
| avian reticuloendotheliosis virus (strain t): v. dna polymerase. | | 1972 | 4333573 |
| avian reticuloendotheliosis virus (strain t). i. virological characterization. | | 1971 | 4334076 |
| avian reticuloendotheliosis virus (strain t). ii. biochemical and biophysical properties. | | 1971 | 4334077 |
| avian reticuloendotheliosis virus (strain t). iv. infectivity and transmissibility in day-old cockerels. | | 1971 | 4334078 |
| relationship of reticuloendotheliosis virus to the avian tumor viruses: nucleic acid and polypeptide composition. | the rna content and polypeptide composition of reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) was compared to that of c-type rna tumor viruses. two rna species with approximate sedimentation values of 64s and 4s were observed after sucrose gradient centrifugation of rna extracted from purified rev. the high-molecular-weight rna species of rev sedimented slightly faster than that of the bryan strain of rous sarcoma virus (rsv). although these characteristics were consistent with those of other c-type rna tumo ... | 1973 | 4350718 |
| a study of the relationship of reticuloendotheliosis virus to the avian leukosis-sarcoma complex of viruses. | | 1973 | 4351341 |
| infectious rous sarcoma virus and reticuloendotheliosis virus dnas. | an efficient and quantitative assay for infectious rous sarcoma virus and reticuloendotheliosis virus dnas is described. the specific infectivities of viral dna corresponded to one infectious unit per 10(5) to 10(6) viral dna molecules. infection with viral dna followed one-hit kinetics. the minimal size of infectious rous sarcoma virus dna was approximately 6 million daltons, whereas the minimal size of infectious reticuloendotheliosis virus dna was larger, 10 to 20 million daltons. | 1974 | 4372391 |
| reticuloendotheliosis virus nucleic acid sequences in cellular dna. | reticuloendotheliosis virus 60s rna labeled with (125)i, or reticuloendotheliosis virus complementary dna labeled with (3)h, were hybridized to dnas from infected chicken and pheasant cells. most of the sequences of the viral rna were found in the infected cell dnas. the reticuloendotheliosis viruses, therefore, replicate through a dna intermediate. the same labeled nucleic acids were hybridized to dna of uninfected chicken, pheasant, quail, turkey, and duck. about 10% of the sequences of reticu ... | 1974 | 4372393 |
| quantitative infectivity studies of avian reticuloendotheliosis virus (strain t) in certain hematophagous arthropods. | | 1971 | 4400753 |
| development of systemic and local tumors induced by avian reticuloendotheliosis virus after thymectomy or bursectomy. | | 1974 | 4412788 |
| isolation and characterization of reticuloendotheliosis virus transformed bone marrow cells. | | 1974 | 4443191 |
| avian reticuloendotheliosis virus contains a new class of oncogene of turkey origin. | | 1981 | 6263007 |
| the location of v-src in a retrovirus vector determines whether the virus is toxic or transforming. | we prepared infectious stocks of an avian retrovirus, a modified spleen necrosis virus, containing the herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase gene and the avian sarcoma virus v-src gene. viruses were recovered after cotransfection of chicken cells with dna of recombinants between cloned spleen necrosis virus thymidine kinase and v-src and with dna of cloned reticuloendotheliosis virus strain a. when v-src was inserted near the 5'end of the viral genome, only low titers of recombinant virus ... | 1984 | 6098817 |
| tolerance, viral shedding, and neoplasia in chickens infected with non-defective reticuloendotheliosis viruses. | chickens inoculated as embryos with non-defective reticuloendotheliosis viruses (ndrevs) generally developed a "tolerant" infection characterized by lack of immunofluorescent antibody and by a viremia that persisted through 93 weeks. chickens inoculated at hatching generally developed a "non-tolerant" infection characterized by antibody development that gradually waned as the chickens aged and by a transient or intermittent viremia. although chickens tolerantly infected with ndrev strain t were ... | 1981 | 6266388 |
| immunological relationships of omc-1, an endogenous virus of owl monkeys, with mammalian and avian type c viruses. | the relationships between omc-1, an endogenous oncovirus of owl monkey, and representatives of the three oncoviral genera have been investigated by radioimmunological techniques. the major structural protein of omc-1 was shown to share antigenic determinants with the corresponding proteins of certain type c viruses of rodent, feline, and cervine origin. it was not possible to demonstrate antigenic cross-reactivity between omc-1 and endogenous type c viruses of baboons. these findings argue that ... | 1980 | 6154152 |
| specific antigenic relationships between the rna-dependent dna polymerases of avian reticuloendotheliosis viruses and mammalian type c retroviruses. | immunoglobulin g directed against the dna polymerase of rauscher murine leukemia virus (r-mulv) could bind to 125i-labeled dna polymerase of spleen necrosis virus (snv), a member of the reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) species. competition radioimmunoassays showed the specificity of this cross-reaction. the antigenic determinants common to snv and r-mulv dna polymerases were shared completely by the dna polymerases of gross mulv, moloney mulv, rd 114 virus, rev-t, and duck infectious anemia vir ... | 1980 | 6154804 |
| a survey of non-specific cross-protective immunities induced by avian retroviruses. | reticuloendotheliosis virus strain t (rev-t) induced immunity in chicks to challenge by representative subgroup members of the avian leukosis-sarcoma virus (alsv) complex. immunity levels were compared to determine the extent of antigenic relation between rev-t and the alsv complex. reciprocal studies using alsv subgroup members and pheasant viruses as immunogens and rev-t as challenge were also performed. it was concluded that reciprocity of immunity is not equal between the viruses studied, no ... | 1980 | 6268039 |
| low-molecular-weight rnas and initiation of rna-directed dna synthesis in avian reticuloendotheliosis virus. | the small rnas of avian reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) were analyzed by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and compared with those of murine leukemia virus and avian sarcoma virus. although there were some similarities among the three virus types, the patterns of small rnas were distinct. by characterizing the small rna which is most tightly associated with rev genome rna and which can be labeled in limited dna synthesis reactions, the primer for rev reverse transcription was ... | 1980 | 6157836 |
| antigenic determinants shared by the dna polymerases of reticuloendotheliosis virus and mammalian type c retroviruses. | | 1980 | 6158162 |
| specific integration of rev proviruses in avian bursal lymphomas. | | 1981 | 6273749 |
| the avian reticuloendotheliosis virus, strain t (rev). | | 1983 | 6094120 |
| some evidence of mechanical transmission of reticuloendotheliosis virus by mosquitoes. | the possible role of mosquitoes in the mechanical transmission of reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) in chickens was examined. a carbon-dioxide-baited trap was used to capture mosquitoes in poultry pens for one year to determine the seasonal occurrence and the species of mosquitoes prevalent in the area. homogenates of captured mosquitoes were used for rev isolation in chicken embryo fibroblast cultures. sera from sentinel chickens were also examined for rev antibodies. population peaks of mosqui ... | 1984 | 6098251 |
| monoclonal antibodies with specificity for three different serotypes of marek's disease viruses in chickens. | a total of 50 antibody-secreting hybridoma cells against marek's disease virus (mdv) and turkey herpesvirus (hvt) have been produced. eleven hybridomas were used for serotyping a panel of 15 pathogenic and nonpathogenic strains of mdv and hvt, representing three serotypes. the antibodies from the culture medium have fluorescence antibody (fa) titers of up to 100 and those from mouse ascitic fluid have titers ranging from 10(4) to 10(6). monoclonal antibody t81 is type-common, i.e., it reacts at ... | 1983 | 6184394 |
| serologic evidence in commercial chicken and turkey flocks of infection with reticuloendotheliosis virus. | a serologic survey has documented probable infection with reticuloendotheliosis (re) virus in 21.0% of 101 layer flocks, 23.5% of 85 broiler and broiler-breeder flocks, 2.3% of 43 backyard chicken flocks, and 4.8% of 125 turkey production and breeder flocks. however, no infection was detected in 72 grandparent lines of chicken breeding stocks representing meat-type and layer strains. the existence of natural infection was further supported by isolation of re virus from one experimental chicken f ... | 1982 | 6186237 |
| specificity in the immunosuppression induced by avian reticuloendotheliosis virus. | several parameters of the cellular and humoral immune responses of chickens infected with reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev-t), an avian defective acute leukemia virus, or with its helper virus, reticuloendotheliosis-associated virus (rev-a), were evaluated. spleen cells from chickens infected with rev-t (rev-a) or rev-a exhibited depressed mixed lymphocyte and mitogen responses in vitro. allograft rejection was delayed by 6 to 14 days in birds infected with rev-a. the specific antitumor cell imm ... | 1983 | 6187691 |
| the genomic rna of avian reticuloendotheliosis virus rev. | | 1980 | 6243435 |
| hematopoietic cell transformation by reticuloendotheliosis virus: characterization of the genetic defect. | | 1980 | 6243436 |
| helper viruses associated with avian acute leukemia viruses inhibit the cellular immune response. | | 1982 | 6278717 |
| attenuation of avian reticuloendotheliosis virus: loss of the defective transforming component during serial passage of oncogenic virus in fibroblasts. | | 1980 | 6243829 |
| analysis of the nucleic acid components in reticuloendotheliosis virus. | reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) is known to be capable of transforming chicken bone marrow cells in vivo and embryo fibroblasts in vitro. as with spleen necrosis virus, we have found that sequences related to rev are found in dna of several uninfected avian species. for example, about 15% of the [3h]cdna synthesized in the endogenous reverse transcriptase reaction reassociated with dna of uninfected chickens. kinetic analysis revealed only a few (less than five) such sequences per haploid geno ... | 1980 | 6245235 |
| assembly of avian reticuloendotheliosis virus: association of the core precursor polypeptide with the intracellular ribonucleoprotein complex. | a virus-specific ribonucleoprotein complex is present in the cytoplasm of reticuloendotheliosis virus-transformed chicken bone marrow cells. this ribonucleoprotein complex contains viral reverse transcriptase activity and may represent a precursor to the budding virion. the major viral polypeptide associated with the ribonucleoprotein complex was a polypeptide with a molecular weight of 63,000. this protein exhibited a precursor-product relationship with the major reticuloendotheliosis virus str ... | 1980 | 6246276 |
| avian reticuloendotheliosis virus: characterization of the high-molecular-weight viral rna in transforming and helper virus populations. | reticuloendotheliosis virus strain t (rev-t) is a type c retrovirus known to transform avian fibroblasts, spleen cells, and bone marrow cells and to produce virulent reticuloendotheliosis in young chicks. analysis of rev-t high-molecular-weight rna by electrophoresis in denaturing gels and by electron microscopy revealed the presence of at least two classes of molecules. one class appeared in ch3hgoh gels to have a monomer length of 9.3 kilobases (kb); in electron microscopic spreads under mildl ... | 1980 | 6247509 |
| infectious and noninfectious recombinant clones of the provirus of snv differ in cellular dna and are apparently the same in viral dna. | ten clones of charon 4a containing proviruses of spleen necrosis virus, an avian retrovirus, and flanking chicken dna sequences were isolated and characterized. some clones gave rise to progeny with viral dna sequences deleted or duplicated, probably as a result of crossing-over in the 600 bp terminal redundancy in viral dna. the cellular sequences are different in each clone, indicating that all the proviruses are integrated in different sites in cellular dna. six clones are infectious and four ... | 1980 | 6248244 |
| a transmissible chicken tumour associated with reticuloendotheliosis virus infection. | histiocytic lymphosarcomas of the intestine, liver, spleen and sciatic nerve were found at necropsy in a 36-week-old laying hen that was culled from a flock of 1800 birds because of emaciation. type c particles were observed in ultrathin sections of liver and spleen. the serum of the hen contained reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) antigen, and antibody against rev, but lacked antibodies reactive with marek's disease virus or subgroups a and b of rous sarcoma virus. the tumour was transmitted to ... | 1980 | 6250524 |
| establishment of a chicken lymphoblastoid cell line infected with reticuloendotheliosis virus. | | 1982 | 6296206 |
| correlation of transient accumulation of linear unintegrated viral dna and transient cell killing by avian leukosis and reticuloendotheliosis viruses. | | 1980 | 6253212 |
| performance of 3 successive generations of specified-pathogenfree chickens maintained as a closed flock. | no antibodies against salmonella pullorum, mycoplasma gallisepticum, mycoplasma synoviae, haemophilus gallinarum, fowl pox virus, marek's disease virus, herpes virus of turkey, infectious laryngotracheitis virus, avian adenovirus, avian reovirus, infectious bursal disease virus, reticuloendotheliosis virus, avian leukosis virus, avian encephalomyelitis virus and newcastle disease virus were detectable in the sera obtained from these chickens in 3 generations at various ages. antibodies against i ... | 1980 | 6253742 |
| partial phosphorylation in vivo of the avian retrovirus pp32 dna endonuclease. | avian retrovirus pp32, a dna endonuclease which is structurally related to the avian retrovirus dna polymerase beta polypeptide, has been demonstrated to be partially phosphorylated in vivo. unlabeled or [35s]methionine-labeled pp32 from avian sarcoma virus or avian myeloblastosis virus migrated as an electrophoretic doublet on discontinuous sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide slab gels. however, pp32 immunoprecipitated from avian sarcoma virus labeled in vivo with [32p]orthophosphoric acid mi ... | 1980 | 6257933 |
| detection of antibodies against reticuloendotheliosis viruses by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | a microplate indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for antibodies against reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) was consistently more sensitive than indirect immunofluorescent-antibody tests. limits of antibody detection were comparable to those obtained in virus neutralizations. detection of rev-infected chickens long after infection and after immunofluorescent antibody has waned makes elisa especially suitable for screening chicken flocks. | 1983 | 6303290 |
| [serological survey on the status of infection with reticuloendotheliosis virus in northern germany with regard to epidemiological aspects (author's transl)]. | | 1981 | 6260453 |
| secretion of a virus-regulated factor by clonal variants of reticuloendotheliosis virus-transformed hematopoietic cells. | | 1981 | 6267788 |
| characterization of transformation- and replication-specific sequences of reticuloendotheliosis virus. | | 1981 | 6267804 |
| effect of reticuloendotheliosis virus on the response of chickens to salmonella typhimurium infection. | groups of 25 chickens free of maternal antibody to reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) were inoculated with either third or seventh passage rev at either one or seven days of age. some of the birds inoculated at day 1 with rev were inoculated with salmonella typhimurium either concurrently or six or 13 days later while some of those inoculated with rev at day 7 were inoculated concurrently with s typhimurium. at day old, infection with s typhimurium alone caused the death of 12 of 25 chicks wherea ... | 1983 | 6304835 |
| the organization of c-rel in chicken and turkey dnas. | the process of transduction of a proto-oncogene involves the loss of intervening sequences, the loss of 3' mrna terminal sequences, and possible base changes. it is not possible to know how similar the c-rel sequences we studied are to sequences from which v-rel arose. if one of the alleles we studied is identical to progenitor sequences of v-rel, then base changes must have occurred during the process of transduction. alternatively, there may exist an allele of c-rel which did not need to under ... | 1983 | 6306690 |
| nucleic acid homology between avian and mammalian type c viruses: relatedness of reticuloendotheliosis virus cdna to cloned proviral dna of the endogenous colobus virus cpc-1. | | 1981 | 6269291 |
| avian reticuloendotheliosis virus: identification of the hematopoietic target cell for transformation. | non-virus-producing hematopoietic cells transformed in vitro by reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev-t) induce lethal "reticuloendotheliosis" when inoculated into histocompatible chickens. this is the first direct demonstration that an in vivo target cell of an avian acute leukemia virus can be transformed in vitro. the tumorigenic, rev-t-transformed non-virus-producing cells fail to express helper-virus-coded proteins. rev-t transformed tumorigenic cells therefore do not require helper-virus functi ... | 1981 | 6269747 |
| hematopoietic cells transformed in vitro by revt avian reticuloendotheliosis virus express characteristics of very immature lymphoid cells. | | 1981 | 6274086 |
| staphylococcal protein-a agglutination assay for avian viruses. | protein-a rich staphylococci were used to develop an agglutination assay for the detection and quantitation of avian reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) and herpes virus of turkeys (hvt). rabbit anti-rev or anti-hvt were used to coat the staphylococci and these reagents were mixed with rev or various other viral antigen preparations. an agglutination titer was determined for antigen preparations of varying purity and the results indicated that in addition to being rapid, this assay allows the dete ... | 1981 | 6274147 |
| characterization of reticuloendotheliosis virus strain t dna and isolation of a novel variant of reticuloendotheliosis virus strain t by molecular cloning. | reticuloendotheliosis virus strain t (rev-t) is a highly oncogenic avian retrovirus which causes a rapid neoplastic disease of the lymphoreticular system. upon infection, this virus gives rise to two species of unintegrated linear viral dna, which are 8.3 and 5.5 kilobase pairs long and represent the helper virus (rev-a) and the oncogenic component (rev-t), respectively. restriction endonuclease cleavage maps of these two dna components indicate that rev-t dna has a large portion of the genome d ... | 1981 | 6275117 |
| formation of infectious progeny virus after insertion of herpes simplex thymidine kinase gene into dna of an avian retrovirus. | we have prepared several infectious stocks of an avian retrovirus, spleen necrosis virus, containing the herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase (tk) gene. the viruses were produced after cotransfection of chicken cells with dna from recombinants between cloned spleen necrosis virus and tk dnas and dna of cloned reticuloendotheliosis virus strain a. removal of sequences in the tk gene for the end of tk mrna increased a thousand fold the yield of infectious recombinant virus. infection of ch ... | 1981 | 6276009 |
| in vitro and in vivo investigations on reticuloendotheliosis virus infection. | experimental transmission of reticuloendotheliosis (re) in 1-day-old spf chickens was achieved by intraperitoneal inoculation of cell-associated and cell-free re virus (rev). rev-inoculated chickens exhibited an immune response throughout the entire observation period. viremia persisted for 5--6 months in chickens hatched from rev-inoculated spf embryonated eggs. the natural occurrence of re was detected in turkey flocks of farms bc. | 1981 | 6277083 |
| establishment of b-lymphoblastoid cell lines from marek's disease virus-induced tumors in turkeys. | four lymphoblastoid cell lines were established from tumours of turkeys inoculated with high doses of the ga strain of marek's disease virus (mdv). unlike other md lymphoblastoid cell lines of chicken origin, these mdv transformed turkey line appear to be b lymphocytes and produce immunoglobulin. growth characteristics of these cell lines are slightly different; however, they all produce low levels of mdv-specific antigen and carry the complete genome of the virus as determined by virus rescue i ... | 1982 | 6277804 |
| an igm-producing b lymphoblastoid cell line established from lymphomas induced by a non-defective reticuloendotheliosis virus. | chick syncytial virus (csv), a strain of avian reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) causes lymphoid tumours in chickens after a prolonged incubation period. a number of csv-induced tumours were examined for cell surface antigen and were found to be of the b cell type and to produce immunoglobulin. attempts were made to grow in vitro cell lines from csv-induced tumours and a lymphoblastoid cell line was established from a liver tumour of a chicken that was inoculated with csv via the yolk sac in emb ... | 1982 | 6278061 |
| morphological, immunological, and biochemical analyses of chicken spleen cells transformed in vitro by reticuloendotheliosis virus strain t. | reticuloendotheliosis virus strain t (rev-t) is a highly oncogenic avian retrovirus which causes a rapid neoplastic disease of the lymphoreticular system. we derived six cell lines (1-3, 1-5, 2-10, 2-14, 2-16, and 2-20) from chicken spleen cells infected with rev-t. these cells can produce both the rev-t and its associated reticuloendotheliosis helper virus, rev-a. histochemical analyses of these cells indicate that, while they are not stained by benzidine, peroxidase, beta-glucuronidase or acid ... | 1982 | 6282448 |
| genome of reticuloendotheliosis virus: characterization by use of cloned proviral dna. | reticuloendotheliosis virus is an avian type c retrovirus that is capable of transforming fibroblasts and hematopoietic cells both in vivo and in vitro. this virus is highly related to the three other members of the reticuloendotheliosis virus group, including spleen necrosis virus, but it is apparently unrelated to the avian leukosis-sarcoma virus family. previous studies have shown that it consists of a replication-competent helper virus (designated rev-a) and a defective component (designated ... | 1982 | 6283142 |
| dna sequence relationship of the baboon endogenous virus genome to the genomes of other type c and type d retroviruses. | baboon endogenous virus (baev) is a type c retrovirus present in multiple proviral copies in the dna of baboons. although interspecies antigenic determinants present on reverse transcriptase and gag proteins are shared among all mammalian type c viruses, no nucleic acid homology between baev and other type c viruses (except rd-114) has been found in conventional liquid hybridization experiments. in this study, we used restriction fragments of cloned baev dna immobilized on nitrocellulose to test ... | 1982 | 6284972 |
| effect of endogenous leukosis virus genes on response to infection with avian leukosis and reticuloendotheliosis viruses. | we examined the effect of the presence or absence of endogenous viral gene (ev) 3, which controls expression of group-specific viral and envelope antigens (gs+chf+ phenotype), and ev2, which controls the production of a complete subgroup e virus (v-e+ phenotype), on the response of chickens to rav-1, an exogenous avian leukosis virus (alv) with an antigenic relationship to endogenous virus. after inoculation at one day of age, the chickens lacking either ev gene expression had a lower frequency ... | 1982 | 6285878 |
| in situ hybridization: general infectivity assay for retroviruses. | we have devised a general infectivity assay for retroviruses. a virus-specific [32p]dna probe is hybridized in situ to a monolayer culture, and foci of infected cells in the monolayer are detected by exposure of the hybridized culture to x-ray films. the method is quantitative, in that it gives the same titer for moloney murine leukemia virus as does the standard uv-xc test. the specificity of the assay is indicated by the fact that murine leukemia virus and baboon endogenous virus do not cross ... | 1982 | 6292448 |
| a monoclonal antibody reactive with marek's disease tumor-associated surface antigen. | an antibody-secreting hybridoma, rph-6, to marek's disease tumor-associated surface antigen (matsa) was produced by somatic-cell hybridization between the mouse myeloma sp2/o-ag/14 and spleen cells from msb1 immunized mice. the antibody reacted with 95 to 100% of the cells from eight of 10 chicken md cell lines and one of two turkey md cell lines. it did not react with chicken md cell lines rp1 and sk3, turkey md cell line rp19, lymphoid leukosis (ll) cell lines, rp9 and rp12, and reticuloendoth ... | 1983 | 6294177 |
| structure and expression of c-rel, the cellular homolog to the oncogene of reticuloendotheliosis virus strain t. | the cellular homolog of the onc sequences in the avian retrovirus reticuloendotheliosis virus strain t (v-rel) was studied by molecular cloning and nucleic acid hybridization. in contrast to v-rel sequences, which are 1.4 kilobase pairs long, the cellular homolog, c-rel, from line 15b chickens is at least 25 kilobase pairs long, with multiple apparent introns. a 4.0-kilobase polyadenylic acid-containing rna transcript is the primary species of c-rel rna present in uninfected chicken cells. seque ... | 1983 | 6296425 |
| substitution of 5' helper virus sequences into non-rel portion of reticuloendotheliosis virus strain t suppresses transformation of chicken spleen cells. | the genome of the highly oncogenic avian retrovirus reticuloendotheliosis virus strain t (rev-t) differs from that of the helper virus reticuloendotheliosis virus strain a by a substitution (rel and a large deletion. further deletions, constructed in vitro, within the helper-virus-related sequences of rev-t have little effect on the ability of the virus to transform chicken spleen cells in vitro. however, deletions that extend into rel abolish transformation. substitution of helper-virus-related ... | 1982 | 6297744 |
| reticuloendotheliosis viruses and derived vectors. | in most human gene therapy trials, the tools of gene delivery are retroviral vectors. all current vectors are derived from murine leukemia virus (mlv). although this system is suitable for delivering a large variety of genes into different tissues, it also has its limitations and is not adequate for all potential applications of human gene therapy. thus, attempts are underway in many laboratories to develop other gene delivery tools. potential agents range from non-viral based gene delivery syst ... | 1995 | 7671105 |
| no apparent nucleotide sequence specificity in cellular dna juxtaposed to retrovirus proviruses. | the sequences of the virus-cell junctions of seven dna clones of spleen necrosis virus provirus were analyzed to determine the nucleotide sequence specificity of the cellular integration sites. as previously reported for one provirus, all clones contain a 5-base-pair direct repeat of cellular dna at the cell-virus junctions and a 3-base-pair inverted repeat at both ends of the provirus dna. the sequences of the 5-base-pair direct repeats are different in each clone and have no apparent homology ... | 1980 | 6261252 |
| avian reticuloendotheliosis virus: characterization of genome structure by heteroduplex mapping. | the genome structure of defective, oncogenic avian reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) was studied by heteroduplex mapping between the full-length complementary dna of the helper virus rev-t1 and the 30s rev rna. the rev genome (5.5 kilobases) had a deletion of 3.69 kilobases in the gag-pol region, confirming the genetic defectiveness of rev. in addition, rev lacked the sequences corresponding to the env gene but contained, instead, a contiguous stretch (1.6 to 1.9 kilobases) of the specific seque ... | 1981 | 6262534 |
| modification of low virulent newcastle disease virus infection in chickens infected with reticuloendotheliosis virus. | one-day-old spf chicks were inoculated with reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) which had been isolated from contaminated marek's disease vaccine. then they were subjected to super infection with the b1 or tcnd strain of newcastle disease virus (ndv) and examined for virus recovery, antibody response and the appearance of symptoms. regardless of the time, from 0 to 8 weeks, of inoculation with the ndv-b1 strain after the rev infection, the antibody response was suppressed and the duration of the n ... | 1981 | 6264326 |
| reticuloendotheliosis virus-transformed cells contain infectious and noninfectious proviral sequences in different chromosomes. | the integration site of reticuloendotheliosis virus proviral dna in the dna from a cloned reticuloendotheliosis virus-transformed bone marrow cell line was studied. these reticuloendotheliosis virus-transformed bone marrow cells produce a replication-defective transforming virus (rev-t) and a nontransforming helper virus, designated reticuloendotheliosis-associated virus (rev-at). the dna from this rev-t transformed bone marrow cell line was hybridized with 3h-labeled in vitro synthesized dna co ... | 1983 | 6303538 |
| isolation and characterization of genomic mouse dna clones containing sequences homologous to trnas and 5s rrna. | we have cloned and characterized three fragments of balb/c mouse dna which hybridize to mouse cell trnas. fractionation of the trnas which hybridize to these clones reveals that two of the clones, lambda mt-4a and lambda mt-6a hybridize to only one or two trnas, while one clone, lambda mt-4b, hybridizes to at least seven trnas. two of the trnas were identified as trnaproccg and trnaglygga, and others have been identified as trnas which are selectively encapsidated into virions of murine leukemia ... | 1983 | 6308561 |
| mutations of conserved cysteine residues in the cwlc motif of the oncoretrovirus su protein affect maturation and translocation. | the envelope glycoprotein complex is composed of two polypeptides, an external heavily glycosylated polypeptide (su) and a membrane-spanning protein (tm). together they form a heterodimer on the surface of the virion. these proteins are synthesized in the form of a polyprotein precursor which is glycosylated and proteolytically processed during its maturation in the secretory pathway. a highly conserved stretch of four amino acids, cwlc, has been identified in most known oncoretroviral su protei ... | 1995 | 7856101 |
| relative efficiency of techniques for detecting avian reticuloendotheliosis virus as a vaccine contaminant. | three techniques were compared for sensitivity in detecting reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) in a deliberately contaminated marek's disease vaccine. the most sensitive and rapid test was the indirect fluorescent antibody test (fat). the indirect immunoperoxidase test, although simple to perform and only marginally less sensitive than the fat, was difficult to interpret at low levels of rev. using immunoelectron microscopy, virions were seen only after three subcultures and then not to the same ... | 1983 | 6308736 |
| nucleotide sequence of v-rel: the oncogene of reticuloendotheliosis virus. | the nucleotide sequence of v-rel, the oncogene carried by reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev), has been determined. the defective transforming genome rev arose through the insertion of v-rel (1,415 nucleotides) into the env gene of the helper virus rev-a. the predicted rel protein (503 amino acids) employs the rev-a env initiator and terminates within the p20e region of env. because there are no natural antisera that detect the rev transforming protein, this nucleotide sequence provides the first ... | 1983 | 6312449 |
| the pathogenesis of oncogenic avian retroviruses. | | 1983 | 6312780 |
| avian lymphoproliferative diseases and their virus associations. | | 1983 | 6316767 |
| pathogenesis of reticuloendotheliosis virus infection in ducks. | a new isolate of reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) from ducks, ru-1, was used to experimentally infect white pekin ducks. embryonal or neonatal infection usually resulted in persistent viremias, no rev antibody development, and inability to mount antibody responses against bovine serum albumin (bsa) or sheep red blood cells (srbc). in contrast, infection at 21 days of age resulted in transient viremias, which terminated coincident with rev antibody development. these ducks remained persistently ... | 1983 | 6316895 |
| construction of a helper cell line for avian reticuloendotheliosis virus cloning vectors. | we wished to construct cell lines that supply the gene products of gag, pol, and env for the growth of replication-defective reticuloendotheliosis retrovirus vectors without production of the helper virus. to do this, first we located by s1 mapping the donor and acceptor splice sites of reticuloendotheliosis virus strain a. the donor splice site is ca. 850 base pairs from the 5' end of proviral dna. it is close to or overlaps the encapsidation sequences for viral rna. the splice acceptor site is ... | 1983 | 6318091 |
| structure and dimorphism of c-rel (turkey), the cellular homolog to the oncogene of reticuloendotheliosis virus strain t. | a locus has been identified in turkey dna that contains nucleotide sequences homologous to the oncogene (v-rel) in the avian retrovirus, reticuloendotheliosis virus strain t. this locus, c-rel, has been molecularly cloned from an apparently heterozygous turkey. c-rel is approximately 23 kilobase pairs in length, with at least seven apparent introns, and contains sequences sufficient to account for all of v-rel. nucleic acid sequence differences exist between v-rel and homologous regions of c-rel ... | 1984 | 6319751 |
| influence of reticuloendotheliosis on the severity of eimeria tenella infection in broiler chickens. | broiler chickens free of maternal immunity to reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) were used in the experiment. two groups of 25 chickens were inoculated with rev at one day of age. one of these groups and another group of 25 chickens were inoculated with eimeria tenella sporulated oocysts at 7 days of age. chickens inoculated with e. tenella showed bloody diarrhoea from 12 to 14 days of age. six out of 25 chickens died (p less than 0.05) at 13 and 14 days of age in the dual infected group. at 14 d ... | 1984 | 6328737 |
| basolateral maturation of retroviruses in polarized epithelial cells. | we have investigated the maturation sites of avian and mammalian c-type retroviruses in polarized epithelial cells. examination of thin sections of madin darby canine kidney cells infected with rd114 or avian reticuloendotheliosis virus revealed that these viruses mature from the basolateral membrane domains. similar results were obtained with a continuous line of mouse mammary epithelial cells infected with friend, moloney, rauscher, or kirsten murine leukemia viruses, or friend virus-related o ... | 1983 | 6339737 |
| a survey of disease in five commercial flocks of meat breeder chickens. | causes of sickness and death in approximately 30,000 chickens in 5 meat breeder flocks were investigated between may 1979 and april 1980. approximately 23% of disease was due to neoplasms; 81% of these were marek's disease despite vaccination against this infection. other frequent diagnoses included cellulitis (15%), respiratory disease (14%), lesions of the reproductive tract (11%) and tenosynovitis/arthritis (9%). antibodies to mycoplasma gallisepticium, avian adenovirus, infectious bursal dis ... | 1984 | 6704066 |
| improved focus assay of reticuloendotheliosis virus in a quail fibroblast cell line (qt35). | reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) strains t and cs consistently induced focus formation in a quail fibroblast cell line designated qt35 that was maintained under agarose overlay following inoculation of rev. the foci were more distinct and better circumscribed than those that developed in qt35 cultures under fluid medium. the focus formation in qt35 cultures under agarose overlay was inhibited by rev antiserum, and there were a highly significant correlation (r = 0.966, p less than 0.005) and a ... | 1984 | 6721800 |
| flow cytometric analysis of the neutralizing immune response against infectious bursal disease virus using reticuloendotheliosis virus-transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines. | infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) is a lymphotropic virus with cytocidal effect on b lymphocytes of the bursa of fabricius. we investigated the susceptibility of clonal populations of reticuloendotheliosis virus-transformed chicken b lymphocytes of both spleen and bursal origin to ibdv infection. the infected cells were metabolically-labelled and the viral polypeptides were analyzed by immunoprecipitation using monoclonal antibodies (mabs). virus adsorption and the effects of neutralizing c ... | 1993 | 8263113 |
| monoclonal antibody to chicken fetal antigens on normal erythroid cells and hematopoietic-lymphoid tumor cell lines. | hybridoma cell lines secreting antibodies to chicken fetal antigens (cfas) were generated by the fusion of mouse p3x63ag8 myeloma cells with spleen cells from a mouse immunized with intact sc chicken strain one-day-hatched red blood cells. immunodepletion studies show monoclonal anti-cfa to be detecting a subset of the mr 50,000 cfa molecules recognized by polyclonal anti-cfa. monoclonal anti-cfa is erythroid specific against in vivo-derived hematopoietic-lymphoid cells. exceptions to the erythr ... | 1982 | 6751524 |
| spontaneous changes in nucleotide sequence in proviruses of spleen necrosis virus, an avian retrovirus. | we determined the nucleotide sequence of about 1 kilobase of dna 3' to the 5' long terminal repeat of three noninfectious ad one infectious proviral dna clones of spleen necrosis virus, an avian retrovirus, to determine if the types of nucleic acid changes involved in retrovirus mutation shed light on special features of retrovirus replication. an open reading frame was found starting 411 base pairs from the end of the long terminal repeat. it contained sequences coding for the 36 amino acids at ... | 1982 | 6951170 |