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platelet glycoprotein iib/iiia (hpa-1 and hpa-3) polymorphisms in patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome.this study investigated the relationship between human platelet alloantigen (hpa) polymorphisms of glycoprotein iib/iiia and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs). hpa-1 and hpa-3 genotyping was performed with allele-specific primer polymerase chain reaction in 104 patients with hfrs and 100 normal individuals as controls. the relationships between gene polymorphisms of hpas and hfrs and the disease severity were analyzed. the results indicated no significant difference in hpa-1 genotype ...200919286442
[anterior pituitary lobe atrophy as late complication of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome].hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) is acute infective multisystemic disease followed by febrility, hemorrhages and acute renal insufficiency. bleeding in the anterior pituitary lobe leading to tissue necrosis occurs in acute stage of severe clinical forms of hfrs, while atrophy of the anterior pituitary lobe with diminution of the gland function occurs after recovery stage.200919281130
andes virus antigens are shed in urine of patients with acute hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome.hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (hcps) is a highly pathogenic emerging disease (40% case fatality rate) caused by new world hantaviruses. hantavirus infections are transmitted to humans mainly by inhalation of virus-contaminated aerosol particles of rodent excreta and secretions. at present, there are no antiviral drugs or immunotherapeutic agents available for the treatment of hantaviral infection, and the survival rates for infected patients hinge largely on early virus recognition and hos ...200919279096
drug targets in infections with other emerging viruses: influenza viruses, metapneumovirus and hantaviruses.among emergent and re-emergent viral infections, influenza, hemorrhagic fevers, including hantaviruses, constitute one of the major threats to human beings. advances in immunopathogenesis of these viral infections have improved initial supportive treatments and led to recognition and adoption of several useful antiviral agents. this review focuses on therapeutic and preventive aspects of these viral infections, and evaluates old and new promising agents are in the pipeline of pharmaceutical comp ...200919275703
association between habitat and prevalence of hantavirus infections in bank voles (myodes glareolus) and wood mice (apodemus sylvaticus).in order to determine the habitat preferred by myodes (before clethrionomys) glareolus and the corresponding puumala hantavirus seroprevalence in those habitats, we captured rodents simultaneously in three significantly different habitats. we compared trapping success and presence of virus per habitat during an ongoing epidemic in order to test the hypothesis of a density-dependent seroprevalence. our study showed that bank vole population density, as well as puumala virus seroprevalence, were h ...200919271997
diagnostic aspects for epidemic hemorrhagic fever in legal medical autopsy: report of 2 cases and review.epidemic hemorrhagic fever (ehf) is known also as hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs). hantaviruses, a notorious cause of ehf is spreaded by rodents or biting insects, can cause epidemic hemorrhagic fever. this report describes two rare medico-legal autopsy cases died from epidemic hemorrhagic fever. the victims were two male individuals aged 34 years and 29 years. the medico-legal autopsies were requested for alleged medical negligence. in both cases, autopsy reveals lesions to kidneys ...200919269214
plagues in the icu: a brief history of community-acquired epidemic and endemic transmissible infections leading to intensive care admission.the ability to diagnose and treat infectious diseases and handle infectious disease outbreaks continues to improve. for the most part, the major plagues of antiquity remain historical footnotes, yet, despite many advances, there is clear evidence that major pandemic illness is always just one outbreak away. in addition to the hiv pandemic, the smaller epidemic outbreaks of legionnaire's disease, hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, and severe acute respiratory syndrome, among many others, points out t ...200919268795
ecological surveillance of small mammals at firing points 10 and 60, gyeonggi province, republic of korea, 2001-2005.throughout korea, small mammals are hosts to a number of disease-causing agents that pose a health threat to u.s. and korean military forces while they conduct field-training exercises. a seasonal rodent-borne disease surveillance program was established at two firing points (fp), fp-10, and fp-60, and conducted over five years from 2001 through 2005 in response to hantavirus cases among u.s. soldiers. the ecology of these sites consisted primarily of tall grasses associated with semi-permanent ...200819263858
[rodents and rodent associated disease vectors: the network of "rodent carrying pathogens" introduces itself]. 200919263029
hantavirus infections in europe: from virus carriers to a major public-health problem.in europe, hantavirus disease or hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome is an endemic zoonosis that affects tens of thousands of individuals each year. the causative agents are viruses of the genus hantavirus, family bunyaviridae, rodents and insectivores act as carriers. in all european countries there is a seroprevalence for hantaviruses in the general population but not all countries report cases. here, we give an overview of the hantavirus situation in europe.200919254169
acute febrile illness caused by hantavirus: serological and molecular evidence from india.study of hantavirus infections in india is in its early stages. as early symptoms of hantavirus disease can be non-specific and the diagnosis confirmed only by laboratory testing, use of appropriate diagnostic tools is important. to improve the diagnosis of hantavirus infections in india, commercial elisa systems followed by indirect immunofluorescence assays were used to detect anti-hantavirus igm and igg in samples from patients with acute febrile illness. of 347 patients tested, 5.2% showed s ...200919237179
hantaan virus triggers tlr3-dependent innate immune responses.immediately after viral infection, innate responses including expression of ifn-alpha/beta and ifn-stimulated genes (isgs) are elicited ubiquitously by recruitment of specific pathogen recognition receptors. the velocity to induce ifn-alpha/beta and isgs in response to an infection is often decisive for virulence. interestingly, in primary endothelial cells isgs are induced later by hantaviruses pathogenic to humans than those considered to be nonpathogenic or of low virulence. here we demonstra ...200919234180
hantaviruses: an emerging public health threat in india? a review.the emerging viral diseases haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) and hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (hcps) are a cause of global concern as they are increasingly reported from newer regions of the world. the hantavirus species causing hfrs include hantaan virus,seoul virus, puumala virus, and dobrava-belgrade virus while sin nombre virus was responsible for the 1993 outbreak of hcps in the four corners region of the us. humans are accidental hosts and get infected by aerosols gener ...200819208975
survey for antibody to hantaviruses in tamaulipas, mexico.wild rodents (n=248) were trapped in two ecologically distinct sites at el cielo biosphere reserve in the state of tamaulipas, mexico, during the summer of 2003. samples from 199 individuals were tested for hantavirus antibodies by an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). hantavirus antibodies to recombinant sin nombre virus nucleocapsid protein were found in seven rodents (3.5%) of a single species, peromyscus levipes. antibody-positive rodents were found only in the cloud forest ...200919204351
healthcare-associated atypical pneumonia.atypical pneumonia was first described in 1938, and over time, mycoplasma, legionella, and chlamydophila were the agents commonly linked with community-associated atypical pneumonia. however, as technology has improved, so has our understanding of this clinical entity. it is now known that there are many agents linked with atypical pneumonia in the community, and many of these agents are also major causes of healthcare-associated pneumonia. this article discusses the history, epidemiology, and p ...200919199189
barn owl (tyto alba) predation on small mammals and its role in the control of hantavirus natural reservoirs in a periurban area in southeastern brazil.the aim of this study was to inventory the species of small mammals in uberlândia, minas gerais, brazil, based on regurgitated pellets of the barn owl and to compare the frequency of rodent species in the diet and in the environment. since in the region there is a high incidence of hantavirus infection, we also evaluate the importance of the barn owl in the control of rodents that transmit the hantavirus. data on richness and relative abundance of rodents in the municipality were provided by the ...200819197490
seoul virus and hantavirus disease, shenyang, people's republic of china.an outbreak of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) occurred among students in shenyang pharmaceutical university in 2006. we conducted a study to characterize etiologic agents of the outbreaks and clarify the origin of hantaviruses causing infections in humans and laboratory animals. immunoglobulin (ig) m or igg antibodies against seoul virus (seov) were detected in the serum samples of all 8 patients. igg antibodies against hantavirus were also identified in laboratory rats, which were ...200919193263
potential renal sequelae in survivors of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome.although other hantaviruses are associated with renal manifestations, hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (hcps) has not been associated with such sequelae. the hcps survivors were prospectively evaluated for renal complications. subjects underwent yearly evaluation, laboratory studies, and 24-hour urine collection. thirty subjects were evaluated after recovery from hcps with the first follow-up at a median of 7.4 months after discharge. subjects were a wide age range (18-51) but had an equal ge ...200919190227
the hantavirus glycoprotein g1 tail contains dual cchc-type classical zinc fingers.hantaviruses are distributed worldwide and can cause a hemorrhagic fever or a cardiopulmonary syndrome in humans. mature virions consist of rna genome, nucleocapsid protein, rna polymerase, and two transmembrane glycoproteins, g1 and g2. the ectodomain of g1 is surface-exposed; however, it has a 142-residue c-terminal cytoplasmic tail that plays important roles in viral assembly and host-pathogen interaction. here we show by nmr, circular dichroism spectroscopy, and mutagenesis that a highly con ...200919179334
[the molecular epidemiologic investigation of hantavirus carried by rodent hosts in wenzhou, zhejiang province].to study the epidemiological features of hantavirus in rodents in wenzhou, zhejiang province.200819173853
relating increasing hantavirus incidences to the changing climate: the mast connection.nephropathia epidemica (ne), an emerging rodent-borne viral disease, has become the most important cause of infectious acute renal failure in belgium, with sharp increases in incidence occurring for more than a decade. bank voles are the rodent reservoir of the responsible hantavirus and are known to display cyclic population peaks. we tried to relate these peaks to the cyclic ne outbreaks observed since 1993. our hypothesis was that the ecological causal connection was the staple food source fo ...200919149870
seroepidemiological study in a puumala virus outbreak area in south-east germany.puumala virus (puuv) is the cause of the majority of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome cases in germany. in 2004, a nephropathia epidemica outbreak was recorded in lower bavaria, south-east germany. for a seroepidemiological study in this region including the resident population at four locations (n = 178) and soldiers from one location (n = 208) indirect immunoglobulin m (igm) and immunoglobulin g (igg) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) and immunoblot tests based on a yeast-expre ...200919148676
[investigation of modes of hantavirus infection transmission from rodents to humans].hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) is a focal zoonosis of viral etiology that appears in many countries of the world. investigation demonstrated that for epidemic of hfrs is necessary to have intensity of epizootic process. the increased number of mice-like rodents in enzootic foci of hfrs is the most important factor. this investigation pointed out to high risk of direct contact with rodents secrets, from visible urine and feces traces of rodents that are present in large number of pa ...200819145808
expression of l protein of hantaan virus 84fli strain and its application for recovery of minigenomes.hantaan virus (htnv) is an old world hantavirus associated with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs). to visualize the localization of the l protein of htnv strain 84fli within cells, a fusion protein composed of enhanced green fluorescent protein and l protein, egfp-l, was expressed in vero cells. the 273 kda expressed fusion protein of egfp-l localized in the perinuclear region. we also described the development of a reverse genetics system for htnv strain 84fli. the rna polymerase i ( ...200819133012
one for all? a viral protein supplants the mrna cap-binding complex. 200919129761
contact heterogeneity in deer mice: implications for sin nombre virus transmission.heterogeneities within disease hosts suggest that not all individuals have the same probability of transmitting disease or becoming infected. this heterogeneity is thought to be due to dissimilarity in susceptibility and exposure among hosts. as such, it has been proposed that many host-pathogen systems follow the general pattern whereby a small fraction of the population accounts for a large fraction of the pathogen transmission. this disparity in transmission dynamics is often referred to as ' ...200919129136
recent discoveries of new hantaviruses widen their range and question their origins.hantaviruses belong to the bunyaviridae family. while usually hosted by wild mammals, they are potentially pathogenic for humans, and several serologically distinct groups associated with different syndromes have been identified. yet, investigations have mostly been conducted where human infections by hantaviruses constitute a real and well-identified public health problem, i.e., the holarctic and neotropical areas. some hantaviruses have also been described from a suncus murinus in india and a ...200819120180
the effect of habitat fragmentation and species diversity loss on hantavirus prevalence in panama.habitat fragmentation and diversity loss due to increased conversion of natural habitats to agricultural uses influence the distribution and abundance of wildlife species and thus may change the ecology of pathogen transmission. we used hantaviruses in panama as a research model to determine whether anthropogenic environmental change is associated with changes in the dynamics of viral transmission. specifically, we wanted to determine whether hantavirus infection was correlated with spatial attr ...200819120179
ecology, genetic diversity, and phylogeographic structure of andes virus in humans and rodents in chile.andes virus (andv) is the predominant etiologic agent of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (hcps) in southern south america. in chile, serologically confirmed human hantavirus infections have occurred throughout a wide latitudinal distribution extending from the regions of valparaíso (32 to 33 degrees s) to aysén (46 degrees s) in southern patagonia. in this study, we found seropositive rodents further north in the coquimbo region (30 degrees s) in chile. rodent seroprevalence was 1.4%, with o ...200919116256
predicting high risk for human hantavirus infections, sweden.an increased risk for hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome caused by puumala hantavirus was forecast for sweden in 2007. the forecast was based on a predicted increase in the number of myodes glareolus rodents (reservoir hosts). despite raised awareness and preparedness, the number of human cases during july 2007-june 2008 was 1,483, a new high.200919116065
[molecular epidemiological study on the host and role of the hantavirus and orientia tsutsugamushi in the same epidemic area].to investigate whether hantavirus (hv) and orientia tsutsugamushi ( ot) can naturally infect and coexist in their host and role.200819115620
[detection of anti-hantavirus antibodies in forest workers in the north-east of poland].to estimate exposition to hantaviruses in a high-risk population (forest workers) in the north-east of poland.200819108515
characterization of hantaviruses circulating in central brazil.in 2004, an outbreak of hcps in brazil made hantaviruses a national threat to the rural and urban population. during this outbreak, 164 cases were reported, and 18.3% of them occurred in the federal district. in this study, hantavirus genomic sequences were amplified from seven patients who resided in central brazil and then sequenced and compared to other hantavirus sequences. the complete s segment sequence, which is 1847 bases long and potentially encodes the 428 amino acid nucleocapsid prote ...200919103306
recent approaches in hantavirus vaccine development.rodent-borne hantaviruses are associated with two main clinical disorders in humans: hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome. although hantavirus diseases can be life threatening and numerous research efforts are focused on the development of hantavirus prevention, no specific antiviral therapy is yet available and, at this time, no who-approved vaccine has gained widespread acceptance. this review will summarize the current knowledge and recent progress as ...200919093774
central nervous system complications following hanta virus cardiopulmonary syndrome. 200919089788
secretory expression and purification of recombinant escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin b subunit and its applications on intranasal vaccination of hantavirus.in order to further study the b subunit of the escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (ltb), we obtained the ltb gene from pathogenic e. coli, cloned it into the pet22b (+) prokaryotic expression vector, and expressed it as a fusion protein with his tag in e. coli bl21 (de3). the recombinant ltb was expressed and purified by ni2+ affinity chromatography. the biological activity of the purified recombinant ltb was assayed in a series of monosialotetrahexosylganglioside (gm1)-elisa experiments. ...200919089660
a newly recognized hantavirus in the asian house rat (rattus tanezumi) in indonesia.hantaviral sequences were recovered from the lung tissue of an asian house rat (rattus tanezumi) captured in serang, indonesia. phylogenetic analysis of partial l, m and s segment sequences showed that they belonged to a novel hantavirus provisionally named serang virus (serv). notably, serv is distinct from the hantaviruses associated with rodents of the species rattus: seoul virus associated with rattus norvegicus worldwide and gou virus isolated from rattus rattus in china. instead serv appea ...200919088290
[the dynamics of t lymphocyte subsets in hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome].to investigate the t cell subsets changes in hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) patients.200819080298
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in texas: 1993-2006.hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) is a rare cardiopulmonary disease that was first described after a 1993 epidemic in the southwestern united states. this study reviewed all cases reported in texas to date.200919077779
nephropathia epidemica with a 6-week incubation period after occupational exposure to puumala hantavirus.serological and molecular evidence showed that a german female student became infected by puumala hantavirus during mice trapping efforts in finland. the incubation period before exhibiting clinical signs of nephropathia epidemica was as long as 6 weeks. phylogenetic analysis of puuv nucleic acid sequences amplified from the patient demonstrate that she was infected by the puuv strain circulating at the place of her occupational exposure in finland.200919058998
storage of cellular 5' mrna caps in p bodies for viral cap-snatching.the minus strand and ambisense segmented rna viruses include multiple important human pathogens and are divided into three families, the orthomyxoviridae, the bunyaviridae, and the arenaviridae. these viruses all initiate viral transcription through the process of "cap-snatching," which involves the acquisition of capped 5' oligonucleotides from cellular mrna. hantaviruses are emerging pathogenic viruses of the bunyaviridae family that replicate in the cytoplasm of infected cells. cellular mrnas ...200819047634
sin nombre virus infection in deer mice, channel islands, california. 200819046540
immunological mechanisms mediating hantavirus persistence in rodent reservoirs.hantaviruses, similar to several emerging zoonotic viruses, persistently infect their natural reservoir hosts, without causing overt signs of disease. spillover to incidental human hosts results in morbidity and mortality mediated by excessive proinflammatory and cellular immune responses. the mechanisms mediating the persistence of hantaviruses and the absence of clinical symptoms in rodent reservoirs are only starting to be uncovered. recent studies indicate that during hantavirus infection, p ...200819043585
antiviral effect of human saliva against hantavirus.hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome are zoonotic diseases caused by rodent borne hantaviruses. transmission to humans occurs usually by inhalation of aerozolized virus-contaminated rodent excreta. although human-to-human transmission of andes hantavirus has been observed, the mode of transmission is currently not known. saliva from puumala hantavirus (puuv)-infected patients was shown recently to contain viral rna. to test if human saliva interferes wit ...200819040288
[the reactivity of sera from hemorrhagic fever in patients with renal syndromes to the recombination nucleotide proteins from european hantaviruses in hubei province].five yeast-expressed recombination nucleotide proteins of european hantaviruses were prepared as coated antigens to detect hantavirus-specific antibodies in sera from hemorrhagic fever with renal syndromes (hfrs) in hubei province, through elisa assay. the relativity among hantaviruses prevailing in different areas was investigated.200819040041
[hantavirus mucosal vaccine through different mucosal with heat-labile enterotoxin b subunit as adjuvants].to evaluation the effect of different mucosal vaccination pathway on hantavirus with the recombinant e. coli heat-labile enterotoxin b subunit (rltb) as adjuvant.200819031694
emergence of hantavirus in south germany: rodents, climate and human infections.human hantavirus (serotype puumala) infections are prevalent throughout europe. the bank vole is the main reservoir of the puumala virus (puuv). between 2001 and 2006, the annual incidences in germany ranged from 0.1 to 0.5 per 100,000 inhabitants. about half of the cases were reported from the state of baden-württemberg (bw) in southwest germany. in 2007, 1,089 puuv infections were reported from bw. this reflects an incidence of 10.1:100,000, which is more than 11 times higher than the mean inc ...200819030895
network "rodent-borne pathogens" in germany: longitudinal studies on the geographical distribution and prevalence of hantavirus infections.hantavirus infections are known in germany since the 1980s. while the overall antibody prevalence against hantaviruses in the general human population was estimated to be about 1-2%, an average of 100-200 clinical cases are recorded annually. in the years 2005 and 2007 in particular, a large increase of the number of human hantavirus infections in germany was observed. the most affected regions were located in the federal states of baden-wuerttemberg, bavaria, north rhine westphalia, and lower s ...200819030894
surveillance of vector-borne diseases in germany: trends and challenges in the view of disease emergence and climate change.the changing epidemiology of vector-borne diseases represents a growing threat to human health. contemporary surveillance systems have to adapt to these changes. we describe temporal trends and geographic origins of vector-borne diseases in germany with regard to strengths of existing disease surveillance and to areas marked for improvement. we focused on hantavirus infection (endemic in germany), chikungunya fever (recently emerging in europe) and dengue fever (imported from tropical regions), ...200819030882
hantaan virus nucleocapsid protein binds to importin alpha proteins and inhibits tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced activation of nuclear factor kappa b.hantaviruses such as hantaan virus (htnv) and andes virus cause two human diseases, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, respectively. for both, disease pathogenesis is thought to be immunologically mediated and there have been numerous reports of patients with elevated levels of proinflammatory and inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha), in their sera. multiple viruses have developed evasion strategies to circumvent the host ...200919019947
natural host relationships and genetic diversity of rodent-associated hantaviruses in southeastern brazil.hantaviruses are rodent-borne rna viruses that have caused hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome in several brazilian regions. in the present study, geographical distribution, seroprevalence, natural host range, and phylogenetic relations of rodent-associated hantaviruses collected from seven counties of southeastern brazil were evaluated.200819001829
hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome: implications for transport management and care.a 14-year-old boy with cardiorespiratory failure was referred for air medical transport. the complexity of care during air medical transport and subsequent diagnosis of hantavirus warranted a post hoc review of the literature to establish optimal transport management criteria.200818992690
hantavirus antibodies in rodents and human cases with pulmonary syndrome, rio negro, argentina.in río negro province, argentina, human cases of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) appeared in the region of subantarctic forests. the andes virus (andv) has been identified in the region both in oligoryzomys longicaudatus rodents and in humans, with the main transmission being from rodents to humans but also showing the possibility of human to human transmission. between 1996 and 2004, in 40 campaigns, 29.960 night-traps for capturing live rodents were set up. blood samples were obtained from ...200818977707
first genetic detection of tula hantavirus in wild rodents in the netherlands. 200818977537
genomic organization and phylogenetic utility of deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus) lymphotoxin-alpha and lymphotoxin-beta.deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) are among the most common mammals in north america and are important reservoirs of several human pathogens, including sin nombre hantavirus (snv). snv can establish a life-long apathogenic infection in deer mice, which can shed virus in excrement for transmission to humans. patients that die from hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (hcps) have been found to express several proinflammatory cytokines, including lymphotoxin (lt), in the lungs. it is thought that t ...200818976466
a protein that replaces the entire cellular eif4f complex.the eif4f cap-binding complex mediates the initiation of cellular mrna translation. eif4f is composed of eif4e, which binds to the mrna cap, eif4g, which indirectly links the mrna cap with the 43s pre-initiation complex, and eif4a, which is a helicase necessary for initiation. viral nucleocapsid proteins (n) function in both genome replication and rna encapsidation. surprisingly, we find that hantavirus n has multiple intrinsic activities that mimic and substitute for each of the three peptides ...200818971945
rapid and sensitive handheld biosensor for detection of hantavirus antibodies in wild mouse blood samples under field conditions.hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (hcps) is an acute, life threatening viral illness that was first recognized in the spring of 1993 during an outbreak in the four corners region of the southwest united states. the etiologic agent, sin nombre (sn) virus, is a zoonotic infection that is enzootic in deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus). both human and rodent infections lead to specific antibody responses, and detection of such antibodies is the mainstay of diagnosis of infection in both species. m ...200218968779
the role of heterogeneity in the persistence and prevalence of sin nombre virus in deer mice.many diseases persist at a relatively low prevalence, seemingly close to extinction. for a chronic disease in a homogeneous population, reducing the transmission rate by a fraction proportional to the prevalence would be sufficient to eradicate the disease. this study examines how higher prevalence of the sin nombre virus in male deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) might contribute to disease persistence. analyzing data from over 2,000 individual mice captured in 19 sites over 4 years, we found p ...200818959490
roles for the recycling endosome, rab8, and rab11 in hantavirus release from epithelial cells.hantavirus structural proteins are believed to localize to intracellular membranes often identified as golgi membranes, in virus-infected cells. after virus budding into the golgi luminal space, virus-containing vesicles are transported to the plasma membrane via trafficking pathways that are not well defined. using the new world hantavirus, andes virus, we have investigated the role of various rab proteins in the release of hantavirus particles from infected cells. rabs 8 and 11 were found to c ...200818951604
genetic immunization with hantavirus vaccine combining expression of g2 glycoprotein and fused interleukin-2.in this research, we developed a novel chimeric htnv-il-2-g2 dna vaccine plasmid by genetically linking il-2 gene to the g2 segment dna and tested whether it could be a candidate vaccine. chimeric gene was first expressed in eukaryotic expression system pcdna3.1 (+). the htnv-il-2-g2 expressed a 72 kda fusion protein in cos-7 cells. meanwhile, the fusion protein kept the activity of its parental proteins. furthermore, balb/c mice were vaccinated by the chimeric gene. elisa, cell microculture neu ...200818940009
[increased incidence of hantavirus infection in germany and austria]. 200818937155
more than half of the patients with acute puumala hantavirus infection have abnormal cardiac findings.this study was conducted to determine the frequency, severity and outcome of cardiac findings in patients with acute puumala hantavirus-induced nephropathia epidemica (ne). 70 consecutive, hospital-treated patients with serologically confirmed ne were prospectively examined using serial electrocardiograms (ecg), plasma troponin i, tumour necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha), interleukin-6 (il-6), and echocardiography (echo). examinations were repeated after 3 and 12 months. ecg changes were observe ...200918932105
corticosteroids modulate seoul virus infection, regulatory t-cell responses and matrix metalloprotease 9 expression in male, but not female, norway rats.human hantaviral disease is mediated by excessive proinflammatory and cd8+ t-cell responses, which can be alleviated by administration of corticosteroids. in contrast with humans, male rats that are infected with their species-specific hantavirus, seoul virus (seov), have reduced proinflammatory and elevated regulatory t-cell responses in tissues where virus persists. to determine the effects of glucocorticoids on seov persistence and immune responses during infection, male and female norway rat ...200818931068
hantavirus evolution in relation to its rodent and insectivore hosts: no evidence for codivergence.hantaviruses are considered one of the best examples of a long-term association between rna viruses and their hosts. based on the appearance of strong host specificity, it has been suggested that hantaviruses cospeciated with the rodents and insectivores they infect since these mammals last shared a common ancestor, approximately 100 million years ago. we tested this hypothesis of host-virus codivergence in two ways: 1) we used cophylogenetic reconciliation analysis to assess the fit of the viru ...200918922760
molecular phylogeny of a newfound hantavirus in the japanese shrew mole (urotrichus talpoides).recent molecular evidence of genetically distinct hantaviruses in shrews, captured in widely separated geographical regions, corroborates decades-old reports of hantavirus antigens in shrew tissues. apart from challenging the conventional view that rodents are the principal reservoir hosts, the recently identified soricid-borne hantaviruses raise the possibility that other soricomorphs, notably talpids, similarly harbor hantaviruses. in analyzing rna extracts from lung tissues of the japanese sh ...200818854415
[study on the molecular characteristic of natural infection of rodents with hantaviruses in shenzhen city].in order to investigate hantavirus (hv) infection of captured rodents and to understand the genotypes and the molecular characteristic of hantaviruses in shenzhen.200818844081
[study on the molecular epidemiology of hantavirus carried by rodent hosts in cixi, zhejiang province].to collect more data on the epidemiology of hantavirus in rodents in cixi, zhejiang province.200818843995
hantavirus-induced immunity in rodent reservoirs and humans.summary: hantaviruses are predominantly rodent-borne pathogens, although recently novel shrew-associated hantaviruses were found. within natural reservoir hosts, hantairuses do not cause obvious pathogenetic effects; transmission to humans, however, can lead to hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome or hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome, depending on the virus species involved. this review is focussed on the recent knowledge on hantavirus-induced immune responses in rodent reservoirs and humans ...200818837782
first detection of tula hantaviruses in microtus arvalis voles in hungary.tula hantavirus (tulv) is a member of the genus hantavirus, family bunyaviridae and is mainly carried by the european common vole (microtus arvalis). in order to detect tulv, we tested microtus arvalis (mar) and microtus subterraneus (msu) voles captured in two different locations of the southern transdanubian region of hungary. the viral genome was detectable in 37% of the tested mar voles but, interestingly, was absent in all msu. phylogenetic analysis performed with a partial coding sequence ...200818836679
a hantavirus causing hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome requires gc1qr/p32 for efficient cell binding and infection.hantaan virus (htnv) is a pathogenic hantavirus that causes hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs). htnv infection is mediated by alpha v beta3 integrin. we used protein blots of vero e6 cell homogenates to demonstrate that radiolabeled htnv virions bind to gc1qr/p32, the acidic 32-kda protein known as the receptor for the globular head domain of complement c1q. rnai-mediated suppression of gc1qr/p32 markedly reduced htnv binding and infection in human lung epithelial a549 cells. conversel ...200818834607
bovine and human-derived passive immunization could help slow a future avian influenza pandemic.an epidemic of human transmitted avian influenza could have casualties on a scale seen in the great spanish influenza pandemic of 1918. this paper proposes that should such occur before effective vaccines and antiviral drugs are available, the outbreak could be significantly slowed by consumption of raw milk produced by herds of pathogen-free lactating cows intranasally inoculated with heat-sterilized sputa pooled from avian influenza patients, supplemented by parenteral serum immune globulin fr ...200918824305
hantaviruses and tnf-alpha act synergistically to induce erk1/2 inactivation in vero e6 cells.we have previously reported that the apathogenic tula hantavirus induces apoptosis in vero e6 epithelial cells. to assess the molecular mechanisms behind the induced apoptosis we studied the effects of hantavirus infection on cellular signaling pathways which promote cell survival. we previously also observed that the tula virus-induced cell death process is augmented by external tnf-alpha. since tnf-alpha is involved in the pathogenesis of hantavirus-caused hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome ...200818822184
serological and genetic evidence for the presence of seoul hantavirus in rattus norvegicus in flanders, belgium.seoul hantavirus (seov), carried by rattus rattus (black rat) and r. norvegicus (norway, brown rat), was reported to circulate as well as cause hfrs cases in asia. as rattus sp. are present worldwide, seov has the potential to cause human disease worldwide. in europe however, only seov prevalence in rats from france was reported and no confirmed cases of seov infection were published. we here report genetic and serological evidence for the presence of seov virus in brown rat populations in belgi ...200918821445
case report: t-cell responses during clearance of andes virus from blood cells 2 months after severe hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome.hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (hcps) due to andes virus (andv) is endemic in chile and argentina and currently demonstrates a case-fatality rate of 37% in humans. by contrast to the chronically infected rodents, it is believed that andv in humans is cleared during the acute phase. moreover, to date, both magnitude and quality of human t-cell responses during andv infection and clearance are unknown. using ifn-gamma and granzyme b elispot assays as well as flow cytometry, we prospectively s ...200818814258
construction and expression of a eukaryotic expression vector containing a fusion gene of the hantaan virus s gene and hsp70 gene.hantavirus (hv) infection leads to a kind of severe systematic syndrome, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs). heat shock proteins (hsps) can be used as adjuvants assisting soluble antigens to produce specific targets which can be attacked by cytotoxic t lymphocytes. for further research on hfrs vaccine, this study aimed to express hantaan virus nucleocapsid protein (htnv np)-hsp70 fusion protein in cos-7 cells. first, an htnv s gene encoding np was amplified by pcr with a mutated termin ...200918810536
hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in montenegro.the objective of the study was to analyze the epidemiological features of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) in montenegro. the study included 169 cases of hfrs diagnosed in the period between 1995 and 2005 according to the clinical symptoms and serological confirmation. for the analysis of the demographic characteristics of the cases, as well as of the chronological and topographical features of the disease, a descriptive epidemiological method was employed. the average incidence rate ...200818806348
role of the nss protein in the zoonotic capacity of orthobunyaviruses.the family bunyaviridae contains over 350 named isolates, classified into five genera: orthobunyavirus, hantavirus, nairovirus, phlebovirus and tospovirus. the orthobunyavirus genus contains some 170 isolates that are mainly transmitted by mosquitoes and are responsible for a range of disease syndromes in humans including self-limiting febrile illness, encephalitis and haemorrhagic fever. the viruses have a tripartite, negative-sense rna genome. analyses of viruses in four serogroups (bunyamwera ...200918771514
[nephropathia epidemica as the result of a puumala virus infection in a pregnant patient].a 29-year-old woman in the early stage of pregnancy ( approximately 6 (th) week) presented in our hospital with influenza-like symptoms of fever, headache, aching limbs and tenderness over the costovertebral angle. acute oliguric renal failure occurred within a few days.200818770481
situation of hantavirus infections and haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in european countries as of december 2006.hantavirus infections are widely distributed in europe with the exception of the far north and the mediterranean regions. the underlying causes of varying epidemiological patterns differ among regions: in western and central europe epidemics of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) caused by hantavirus infections follow mast years with increased seed production by oak and beech trees followed by increased rodent reproduction. in the northern regions, hantavirus infections and hfrs epidem ...200818761927
juquitiba-like hantavirus from 2 nonrelated rodent species, uruguay.serologic and genetic analyses indicate that a juquitiba-like hantavirus circulates in maldonado, uruguay. this virus is carried by 2 rodent species, oligoryzomys nigripes and oxymycterus nasutus. the same hantavirus in 2 nonrelated species can be explained by a spillover infection or a host-switching event.200818760017
[immunogenicity of n-protein of puumala hantavirus for noninbred mice in the intramuscular administration of its gene dna].the outbreaks of hantavirus infections in some regions of the russian federation in some years involve considerable material and social losses. in this connection, the designing of the most effective types of vaccines is an urgent task. the authors have created plasmid constructions containing the gene of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome virus, with whose intramuscular injection there is a specific immune response and plasmid dna is detectable in the adjacent tissues within a month after in ...200818756816
vector-borne diseases threaten europe. 200818754168
oligomerization of hantaviral nucleocapsid protein: charged residues in the n-terminal coiled-coil domain contribute to intermolecular interactions.the nucleocapsid (n) protein of hantaviruses (family bunyaviridae) is the most abundant component of the virion; it encapsidates genomic rna segments and participates in viral genome transcription and replication, as well as in virus assembly. during rna encapsidation, the n protein forms intermediate trimers and then oligomers via 'head-to-head, tail-to-tail' interactions. in previous work, using tula hantavirus (tulv) n protein as a model, it was demonstrated that an intact coiled-coil structu ...200818753226
expression of a hantavirus n protein and its efficacy as antigen in immune assays.hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (hcps) has been recognized as an important public heath problem. five hantaviruses associated with hcps are currently known in brazil: juquitiba, araraquara, laguna negra-like, castelo dos sonhos, and anajatuba viruses. the laboratory diagnosis of hcps is routinely carried out by the detection of anti-hantavirus igm and/or igg antibodies. the present study describes the expression of the n protein of a hantavirus detected in the blood sample of an hcps patient ...200818719741
pathology of puumala hantavirus infection in macaques.hantaviruses are globally important human pathogens that cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. capillary leakage is central to hantaviral diseases, but how it develops, has remained unknown. it has been hypothesized that the pathogenesis of hantavirus infection would be a complex interplay between direct viral effects and immunopathological mechanisms. both of these were studied in the so far best model of mild hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, i.e. ...200818716663
[zoonoses transmitted by mouse and rat maintained as laboratory or pet animals].large numbers of mice (mus spp.) and rats (rattus spp.) are maintained for scientific reasons and as pet animals in germany. while laboratory animals are monitored for pathogenic agents, the hygienic status of pet animals is usually completely unknown. despite great efforts, zoonotic infections were reported even in laboratory settings, e.g. with hantavirus (seoul virus), streptobacillus moniliformis, and trichphyton mentagrophytes. however, in current reports, zoonotic infections were transmitt ...200818712260
[etiology of infectious diseases in pregnant women with symptoms of fever and lung syndrome].31 samples of blood serum of pregnant women with acute respiratory virus infection and pneumonia symptoms who had been administered into hospital were analyzed. antibacterial and antifungal treatment was ineffective. autumn-winter-spring seasonality was detected. in connection with above-mentioned, an attempt was made to find out the etiology of a disease using viroloy methods. primers of hantaviruses, crimea-and-congo hemorrhage fever, coronaviruses, sars, leptospirosis and virus hepatitis. gen ...200718712099
nmr structure of the n-terminal coiled coil domain of the andes hantavirus nucleocapsid protein.the hantaviruses are emerging infectious viruses that in humans can cause a cardiopulmonary syndrome or a hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. the nucleocapsid (n) is the most abundant viral protein, and during viral assembly, the n protein forms trimers and packages the viral rna genome. here, we report the nmr structure of the n-terminal domain (residues 1-74, called n1-74) of the andes hantavirus n protein. n1-74 forms two long helices (alpha1 and alpha2) that intertwine into a coiled coil ...200818687679
stratifying land use/land cover for spatial analysis of disease ecology and risk: an example using object-based classification techniques.landscape epidemiology has made significant strides recently, driven in part by increasing availability of land cover data derived from remotely-sensed imagery. using an example from a study of land cover effects on hantavirus dynamics at an atlantic forest site in eastern paraguay, we demonstrate how automated classification methods can be used to stratify remotely-sensed land cover for studies of infectious disease dynamics. for this application, it was necessary to develop a scheme that could ...200718686252
puumala hantavirus excretion kinetics in bank voles (myodes glareolus).puumala hantavirus is present in bank voles (myodes glareolus) and is believed to be spread mainly by contaminated excretions. in this study, we subcutaneously inoculated 10 bank voles with puumala virus and sampled excretions until day 133 postinfection. levels of shed viral rna peaked within 11-28, 14-21, and 11-28 days postinfection for saliva, urine, and feces, respectively. the latest detection of viral rna was 84, 44, and 44 days postinfection in saliva, urine, and feces, respectively. in ...200818680643
[first case of nephropathia epidemica acquired in switzerland].a 43 year healthy old man complains of fever with abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhoea, followed by the development of thrombocytopenia and acute renal failure. the laboratory tests show the presence of hantavirus specific igm and igg which is confirmed by a specific test revealing puumala serotype as responsible. the patient received a symptomatic treatment with a favourable evolution allowing discharge about ten days after the beginning of symptoms. hantavirus are transmitted by rodents, and th ...200818672548
bench-to-bedside review: rare and common viral infections in the intensive care unit--linking pathophysiology to clinical presentation.viral infections are common causes of respiratory tract disease in the outpatient setting but much less common in the intensive care unit. however, a finite number of viral agents cause respiratory tract disease in the intensive care unit. some viruses, such as influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), cytomegalovirus (cmv), and varicella-zoster virus (vzv), are relatively common. others, such as adenovirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars)-coronavirus, hantavirus, and the viral hemo ...200818671826
[the hantaviruses causing hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and pulmonary syndrome].the goal of this review is to provide basic information on hantaviruses as causative agents of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps), two zoonotic diseases widely distributed in asia/europe, and the american continent, respectively. hantaviruses are rodent-borne and transmitted to humans by direct contact with infected rodents or their secretions (urine, feces and saliva). both, hfrs and hps share some clinical aspects, however, hemorrhage and renal ...200818670726
hantavirus nephropathy.pathogenic rodent-borne hantaviruses cause in humans generalized infections that involve the peripheral vascular bed and severely affect their permeability. we describe a 30-yr-old male patient with clinical symptoms characterizing five conventional phases of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome after an uncommonly severe hantavirus infection with the puumala strain. renal biopsy in this situation typically demonstrates acute hemorrhagic interstitial nephritis, particularly pronounced in the ou ...200818650483
genetic analysis of hantaviruses carried by reed voles microtus fortis in china.to gain more insights into the epidemiology of hantaviruses in china, the hantaviral s, m and l segment sequences were recovered from two microtus fortis captured in shenyang and four m. fortis trapped in yuanjiang in china. genetic analysis revealed that shenyang sequences are closely related to the sequences of fusong strains of vladivostok virus (vlav). interestingly, the complete s segment and partial l segment sequences from yuanjiang were quite distinct from those of shenyang and fusong st ...200818644410
cross-reactive and serospecific epitopes of nucleocapsid proteins of three hantaviruses: prospects for new diagnostic tools.the diagnosis of infectious diseases is sometimes difficult because of extensive immunological cross-reactivity between related viral antigens. on the path of constructing sero-specific antigens, we have identified residues involved in sero-specific and cross-reactive recognition of the nucleocapsid proteins (nps) of puumala virus (puuv), seoul virus (seov), and sin nombre virus (snv) using serum samples from 17 nephropathia epidemica patients. the mapping was performed by enzyme-linked immunoso ...200818620010
a serosurvey for hantavirus infection in wild rodents from the states of rio de janeiro and pernambuco, brazil.sera from 269 rodents obtained during the routine surveillance operations in plague areas of rio de janeiro and pernambuco states, brazil were tested by elisa for specific igg antibodies against a recombinant nucleocapsid (n) protein of araraquara hantavirus. elisa-positive sera were submitted to reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) for amplification of the virus genome and later sequencing for identification of the viral variant. the samples from the state of pernambuco were ...200818619568
the ny-1 hantavirus gn cytoplasmic tail coprecipitates traf3 and inhibits cellular interferon responses by disrupting tbk1-traf3 complex formation.pathogenic hantaviruses replicate within human endothelial cells and cause two diseases, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. in order to replicate in endothelial cells pathogenic hantaviruses inhibit the early induction of beta interferon (ifn-beta). expression of the cytoplasmic tail of the pathogenic ny-1 hantavirus gn protein is sufficient to inhibit rig-i- and tbk1-directed ifn responses. the formation of tbk1-traf3 complexes directs irf-3 phosphorylation ...200818614628
lack of vertical transmission of hantaan virus from persistently infected dam to progeny in laboratory mice.it is unclear how the hantaviruses are transferred from infected to uninfected rodents. we studied the status of persistently infected laboratory mice and examined the frequency of viral transmission to their offspring. expression of hantaan virus nucleocapsid protein was detected in the lungs of persistently infected dams. none of the progeny displayed viral antigen, although they were strongly positive for igg antibodies against hantavirus. there was neither hantavirus rna nor virus-specific i ...200818612586
role of mixed th1 and th2 serum cytokines on pathogenesis and prognosis of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome.the hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) is an emerging syndrome in the americas. the disease results from intense immune activation and changes in vascular permeability. the aim of this study was to determine the profile of serum cytokines in hps patients looking for correlation with the clinical parameters, severity and outcome of illness. studying 21 hps patients, we found that il-6 may have an important role in the pathogenesis of hps, being associated with fatal outcome. our results also sup ...200818606242
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