Publications

[studies on the experimental transmission of rattus-borne hantavirus by ornithonyssus bacoti].	to demonstrate the role of rat mite (ornithonyssus bacoti) in the transmission of rattus-borne hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs).	1998	12078291
[changes in the epidemiology of infectious diseases in chile from 1990 to 2000].	in the last decade in chile, there was a large reduction in the rate of communicable diseases, especially typhoid fever, and those preventable through the universal vaccination programs. exceptions were hepatitis a and pertussis. the reduction in tuberculosis, has lead the country to a threshold in which the elimination of tuberculosis as a public health problem is reachable. the hiv epidemic is still expanding, at higher rate among women and heterosexual men, keeping drug addiction as a low ran ...	2002	12090099
first human isolate of hantavirus (andes virus) in the americas.	we isolated andes virus (formal name: andes virus [andv], a species in the genus hantavirus), from serum of an asymptomatic 10-year-old chilean boy who died 6 days later of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps). the serum was obtained 12 days after his grandmother died from hps and 2 days before he became febrile. no hantavirus immunoglobulin (ig) g or igm antibodies were detected in the serum sample. after three blind passages, andv antigens were detected in vero e6 cells by immunofluorescence as ...	2002	12095430
shedding and intracage transmission of sin nombre hantavirus in the deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus) model.	the mechanism(s) by which sin nombre (sn) hantavirus is maintained in deer mouse populations is unclear. field studies indicate that transmission occurs primarily if not exclusively via a horizontal mechanism. using an experimental deer mouse infection model in an outdoor laboratory, we tested whether infected rodents shed sn virus in urine, feces, and saliva, whether infected mice transmit infection to naïve cage mates, and whether infected dams are able to vertically transmit virus or antibody ...	2002	12097572
the probability of severe disease in zoonotic and commensal infections.	cross-species transfers of pathogens (zoonoses) cause some of the most virulent diseases, including anthrax, hantavirus and q fever. zoonotic infections occur when a pathogen moves from its reservoir host species into a secondary host species. similarly, commensal infections often have a primary reservoir location within their hosts' bodies from which they rarely cause disease symptoms, but commensals such as neisseria meningitidis cause severe disease when they cross into a different body compa ...	2001	12123298
elevated generation of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species in hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome.	hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (hcps) is a life-threatening respiratory disease characterized by profound pulmonary edema and myocardial depression. most cases of hcps in north america are caused by sin nombre virus (snv), which is carried asymptomatically by deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus). the underlying pathophysiology of hcps is poorly understood. we hypothesized that pathogenic snv infection results in increased generation of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (rons), which contribute ...	2002	12134039
genetic characterization of hantaviruses transmitted by the korean field mouse (apodemus peninsulae), far east russia.	in an epizootiologic survey of 122 rodents captured in vladivostok, russia, antibodies positive for hantavirus were found in apodemus peninsulae (4/70), a. agrarius (1/39), and clethrionomys rufocanus (1/8). the hantavirus sequences identified in two seropositive a. peninsulae and two patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) from the primorye region of far east russia were designated as solovey and primorye, respectively. the nucleotide sequences of the solovey, primorye, and a ...	2002	12141960
hantaan virus infection causes an acute neurological disease that is fatal in adult laboratory mice.	hantaan virus, the etiological agent of korean hemorrhagic fever, is transmitted to humans from persistently infected mice (apodemus agrarius), which serve as the primary reservoir. here we demonstrate that several strains of adult mus musculus domesticus (c57bl/6, balb/c, akr/j, and sjl/j) were susceptible to hantaan virus infection when infected intraperitoneally. first clinical signs were loss of weight, ruffled fur, and reduced activity, which were followed by neurological symptoms, such as ...	2002	12163608
[epidemic nephropathy. an important differential diagnosis of acute renal failure in reutlingen, an endemic area].	hantavirus ("epidemic") nephropathy (hn), or hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (who nomenclature), is an infection caused by strains (e.g. puumala) of hantavirus, which is often accompanied by acute renal failure. although its typical symptomatology has been fully reported, it is rarely included in the differential diagnosis of renal nephropathy. this study investigated whether, in the presence of typical symptoms, specific search for a certain constellation of laboratory values in associati ...	2002	12183800
complete nucleotide sequence of the m rna segment of andes virus and analysis of the variability of the termini of the virus s, m and l rna segments.	hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) has been recognized increasingly as a significant public health problem in south america since andes virus was first discovered in argentina. here, the isolation of andes virus is reported from an infected rodent captured in argentina in close vicinity to the place of the first hps case, ah1. the complete nucleotide sequences of the virus m segment, partial l segment and the termini of the s, m and l segment genome rnas were determined. the andes virus m rna s ...	2002	12185264
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome--united states: updated recommendations for risk reduction. centers for disease control and prevention.	this report provides updated recommendations for prevention and control of hantavirus infections associated with rodents in the united states. it supersedes the previous report (cdc. hantavirus infection--southwestern united states: interim recommendations for risk reduction. mmwr 1993; 42[no. rr-11]: 1-13). these recommendations are based on principles of rodent and infection control, and accumulating evidence that most infections result from exposure, in closed spaces, to active infestations o ...	2002	12194506
demographic factors associated with hantavirus infection in bank voles (clethrionomys glareolus).	the bank vole (clethrionomys glareolus) is the natural reservoir of puumala virus (puuv), a species in the genus hantavirus. puuv is the etiologic agent of nephropathia epidemica, a mild form of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. factors that influence hantavirus transmission within host populations are not well understood. we evaluated a number of factors influencing on the association of increased puuv infection in bank voles captured in a region in northern sweden endemic for the virus. l ...	2002	12194768
behavioral, physiologic, and habitat influences on the dynamics of puumala virus infection in bank voles (clethrionomys glareolus).	populations of bank voles (clethrionomys glareolus) were monitored during a 4-year study in southern belgium to assess the influence of agonistic behavior, reproductive status, mobility, and distribution of the rodents on the dynamics of puumala virus (abbreviation: puuv; genus: hantavirus) infection. concordance was high between data from serologic testing and results of viral rna detection. wounds resulting from biting or scratching were observed mainly in adult rodents. hantavirus infection i ...	2002	12194769
human leukocyte antigen-b8-dr3 is a more important risk factor for severe puumala hantavirus infection than the tumor necrosis factor-alpha(-308) g/a polymorphism.	the tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha(-308) g/a polymorphism (tnf-2) is in linkage disequilibrium with the human leukocyte antigen (hla)-b8-dr3 haplotype. both factors have been associated with severe puumala hantavirus-induced nephropathia epidemica (ne). to examine which part of this extended haplotype might show the strongest association with the outcome of ne, the hla-b, hla-drb1, and tnf-alpha(-308) alleles in 116 hospital-treated patients with ne were analyzed. the findings pointing to cli ...	2002	12198621
golgi localization of hantaan virus glycoproteins requires coexpression of g1 and g2.	the membrane glycoproteins g1 and g2 of hantaan virus (htnv; family bunyaviridae) are encoded on the m rna genome segment as a precursor polypeptide that is cotranslationally cleaved by host proteases. g1 and g2 accumulate in the golgi complex in cells following either virus infection or transfection with m segment cdna. however, there are conflicting reports in the literature concerning the golgi targeting of separately expressed g1. to resolve these differences, a series of m segment and g1 co ...	2002	12202203
long-lived memory t lymphocyte responses after hantavirus infection.	puumala virus (puuv) is a hantavirus that causes hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs), which is an important public health problem in large parts of europe. we examined the memory cytolytic t lymphocyte (ctl) responses in 13 finnish individuals who had hfrs between 1984 and 1995. in seven of these donors, we detected virus-specific ctl responses against the puuv nucleocapsid (n) protein after in vitro stimulation with puuv. six novel cd8(+) ctl epitopes were defined on the n protein and ...	2002	12208874
pcr-generated linear dna fragments utilized as a hantavirus dna vaccine.	the field of dna vaccines has grown rapidly, and since most such vaccines involve the inoculation of large circular dna molecules previously propagated in bacteria, several inconveniences (e.g. the presence of antibiotic resistance genes, impurities from bacterial cultures or inefficient uptake of the large and bulky plasmid dna molecules to the nucleus) are debated. in this study, we have explored the possibility of using smaller and more flexible pcr-generated linear dna fragments instead. pho ...	2002	12213408
[results of study of a combined focus of leptospirosis and hantavirus infection in the primor'e territory].	survey of the circulation and spread of causative agents of the infection among wild rodents may predict the activation of an epizootic process and the aggravation of an epidemic situation. the status of a combined focus of leptospirosis and hantavirus infection in the primorye territory was studied. it was found that mixed infection may run in pocket mice (phascogalinae) under natural conditions.	2002	12214522
serological evidence of hantavirus in humans and rodents in barbados.		2002	12217714
encephalitis due to a hantavirus infection.		2002	12217734
andes virus associated with hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in northern argentina and determination of the precise site of infection.	hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) has been documented in the salta and jujuy provinces of northern argentina since 1991 and 1997, respectively, accounting for almost 50% of the cases of hps reported in this country. andes (and) virus, specifically the and virus nort lineage, was previously associated with human disease in this region. genetic analysis of viral medium rna segments obtained from 18 hps cases showed the existence of three and virus nort sublineages co-circulating in these two pro ...	2002	12224579
hantavirus infections in latvia.	in order to investigate the presence of hantavirus infections in latvia, 333 randomly selected human serum samples were screened using an enzyme-linked immunoassay. fifteen samples were positive for hantavirus-specific igg and were subsequently serotyped using a focus reduction neutralization test. fourteen of these samples neutralized at least one of the hantaviruses included in the test, indicating a 4.2% overall seroprevalence in latvia. among 14 focus reduction neutralization test-positive s ...	2002	12226698
[bunyavirus--virus and host relationship: the coevolution between hantavirus and rodent].		2002	12227181
spatiotemporal patterns in the hantavirus infection.	we present a model of the infection of hantavirus in deer mouse, peromyscus maniculatus, based on biological observations of the system in the north american southwest. the results of the analysis shed light on relevant observations of the biological system, such as the sporadical disappearance of the infection, and the existence of foci or "refugia" that perform as reservoirs of the virus when environmental conditions are less than optimal.	2002	12241389
detection of hantavirus infection in hemolyzed mouse blood using alkaline phosphatase conjugate.	conventional methods such as elisa and culture require a long time for the determination of viral infections. fast and reliable instrumentation suitable for operation under field conditions that allows rapid detection of hantavirus in rodent populations in the wild, would be a substantial improvement over these methods. in response to this challenge, a prototype amperometric immunosensor based on highly dispersed immunoelectrode for rapid, sensitive and quantitative assay of hantavirus in mice b ...	2002	12243909
yeast-expressed puumala hantavirus nucleocapsid protein induces protection in a bank vole model.	hantaviruses are rodent-borne agents that cause severe human diseases. the coding sequences for the authentic and a his-tagged puumala hantavirus (puuv) nucleocapsid (n) protein were expressed in yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae). n-specific monoclonal antibodies demonstrated native antigenicity of the two proteins. all bank voles vaccinated with the his-tagged n protein in freund's adjuvant (n=12) were defined as completely protected against subsequent virus challenge, based on the absence of vi ...	2002	12297397
[infections always present at the dawn of the 21st century].	despite the many scientific achievements realized in recent years, infectious diseases still remain the main cause of premature mortality worldwide. it is also growing increasingly difficult to fight infections. tuberculosis and malaria are making a comeback, cholera and yellow fever are making new inroads into countries where they¿ve never been before, other diseases are developing resistance to antibiotics and have in some cases become incurable, and new diseases such as ebola-induced hemorrh ...	1997	12322621
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome: a zebra worth knowing.	hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) is a severe cardiopulmonary illness most often caused by the sin nombre virus, which is transmitted to humans by inhalation of aerosolized particles of rodent excreta or direct rodent contact. although hps is more common in the western united states, cases have been identified in 31 states. the illness begins as a nonspecific febrile prodrome, sharing many of its initial symptoms with other more common viral infections. patients then quickly develop noncardiog ...	2002	12358213
hantaan virus antibody prevalence in rodent populations of several provinces of northeastern thailand.	we conducted a serological survey of 632 rodents from the northeast region of thailand in order to assess the presence of hantaan-like viruses that may be a risk to the human population. rodents were collected from rice fields, houses and domestic gardens in five northeastern provinces and tested for igg reacting sera to hantaan antigen using enzyme-linked immunoassays. the overall prevalence of hantavirus infection in rodents was 2.1% (13/632). species that tested positive included bandicota in ...	2002	12358618
experimental infection of the sigmodon alstoni cotton rat with caño delgadito virus, a south american hantavirus.	forty-eight sigmodon alstoni (alston's cotton rat) were inoculated with caño delgadito (cdg) virus to extend our knowledge and understanding of the natural host relationships of the hantaviruses indigenous to the americas. infectious cdg virus was recovered from oropharyngeal secretions, urine, or solid tissues of nine of 12 animals killed on day 9 post-inoculation (pi), 14 of 24 animals killed on day 18 or 27 pi, and none of 12 animals killed on day 54 pi. in addition, virus-specific rna was de ...	2002	12363052
complete nucleotide sequence of a chilean hantavirus.	we have determined the genomic sequence of an andes virus (andv) strain isolated from an infected oligoryzomys longicaudatus rodent trapped in chile in 1997. this strain, for which we propose the designation chile r123, reproduces essential attributes of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) when injected intramuscularly into laboratory hamsters (hooper et al., virology 289 (2001) 6-14). the l, m, and s segment sequences of chile r123 are 6562, 3671, and 1871 nt long, respectively, with an overall ...	2002	12367756
hantavirus infection of dendritic cells.	dendritic cells (dcs) play a pivotal role as antigen-presenting cells in the antiviral immune response. here we show that hantaan virus (htnv), which belongs to the bunyaviridae family (genus hantavirus) and causes hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, productively infects human dcs in vitro. in the course of htnv infection, dcs did not show any cytopathic effect and viral replication did not induce cell lysis or apoptosis. furthermore, htnv did not affect apoptosis-inducing signals that are im ...	2002	12368315
pathogenic and nonpathogenic hantaviruses differentially regulate endothelial cell responses.	hantaviruses cause two human diseases: hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps). hantaviruses infect human endothelial cells but cause little or no damage to the infected endothelium. we analyzed with affymetrix dna arrays (santa clara, ca) the endothelial cell transcriptional responses directed by hantaviruses associated with hps [new york-1 virus (ny-1v)], hfrs [hantaan virus (htnv)], or by a hantavirus not associated with human disease [prospect hil ...	2002	12368479
viral pneumonias in adults: radiologic and pathologic findings.	numerous viruses, including influenza virus, measles virus, hantavirus, adenovirus, herpesviruses, varicella-zoster virus, cytomegalovirus, and epstein-barr virus, can cause lower respiratory tract infection in adults. viral pneumonia in adults can be classified into two clinical groups: so-called atypical pneumonia in otherwise healthy hosts and viral pneumonia in immunocompromised hosts. influenza virus types a and b cause most cases of viral pneumonia in immunocompetent adults. immunocompromi ...	2002	12376607
pathogenic hantaviruses selectively inhibit beta3 integrin directed endothelial cell migration.	hantaviruses cause two diseases of man, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps). pathogenic and non-pathogenic hantaviruses use beta3 and beta1 integrins, respectively, to enter endothelial cells. beta3 integrins were recently reported to bind receptors that regulate vascular permeability suggesting that hantavirus beta3 integrin interactions may regulate endothelial cell function and contribute to viral pathogenesis. in this study we investigated the ...	2002	12376753
rodent host specificity of european hantaviruses: evidence of puumala virus interspecific spillover.	in order to investigate rodent host specificity of european hantaviruses, experimental infection of colonized and wild-trapped rodents was performed. in addition to the natural rodent reservoir, clethrionomys glareolus, puumala hantavirus (puuv) could infect colonized microtus agrestis and lemmus sibiricus, but not syrian hamsters or balb/c mice. neither c. glareolus, nor m. agrestis, could be readily infected by tula hantavirus (tulv). wild-trapped apodemus flavicollis and a. agrarius, the natu ...	2002	12376967
hantaviruses in estonia.	human serum samples collected from healthy individuals in 14 counties were screened by elisa in order to investigate the presence of hantavirus infections in estonia. out of 1,234 serum samples, 124 were found positive for hantavirus-specific igg and were subsequently serotyped by a focus reduction neutralization test. a total of 112 samples neutralized at least one of the examined hantaviruses-puumala (puuv), saaremaa (saav), dobrava (dobv), hantaan, and seoul viruses-and thereby, the focus red ...	2002	12376968
serological evidence of human hantavirus infections in indonesia.		2002	12382098
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in uberaba, minas gerais, brazil.	this report describes the epidemiological and clinical-evolutive characteristics of eight patients with hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) in uberaba, minas gerais, brazil. a positive history of contact with rodents was present in 100% of the cases. the time between the onset of symptoms and hospital care was, on average, 3.6 days. all patients showed clinical and laboratory findings suggestive of hps. elevated urea and creatinine levels were observed in 6 (75%) cases, po2 was < 60 mmhg in 100% ...	2002	12386696
exposure to rodents and rodent-borne viruses among persons with elevated occupational risk.	persons who have frequent contact with rodents as part of their occupation may be at increased risk of exposure to rodent-borne viruses such as sin nombre virus (snv), the agent of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, and whitewater arroyo virus (wwa), a new world arenavirus. eighty-one persons with possible occupational exposure to rodents completed questionnaires and provided specimens for serologic testing. seventy-two participants reported handling rodents as part of their job. the mean total numb ...	2002	12391776
dinara - new natural focus of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in croatia.	to investigate the characteristics and determine risk factors for hantanvirus infection in natural focus of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) on the dinara mountain, where outbreak of disease emerged among croatian soldiers in 1995, and to describe the features of hfrs acquired on the dinara mountain and determine the scale of the largest hfrs epidemic so far in croatia.	2002	12402400
epidemiologic characteristics and military implications of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in croatia.	to analyze epidemiologic characteristics of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in croatia, including military implications of the disease and measures for its prevention.	2002	12402401
maporal viral infection in the syrian golden hamster: a model of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome.	hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) is a severe and often fatal rodent-borne zoonosis. maporal (map) virus is a newly discovered hantavirus that originally was isolated from an arboreal rice rat captured in central venezuela. the results of this study indicate that map virus in the syrian golden hamster (mesocricetus auratus) can cause a disease that is clinically and pathologically remarkably similar to hps. the similarities include the time course of clinical disease, presence of virus-specifi ...	2002	12404153
novel and challenging infections of man. a brief overview.	the greatest challenge to human health of recent times is the pandemic caused by the retroviruses known as hiv1 and hiv2. these have unleashed a plethora of opportunistic infections with organisms ranging from other viruses to helminths, some of which are newly recognised taxa or organisms never before identified as serious pathogens of man. animal and bird migration as well as human travel and international trade have extended, to an alarming degree, the dissemination of other viral infections. ...	2002	12404808
the in vitro and in vivo protective activity of monoclonal antibodies directed against hantaan virus: potential application for immunotherapy and passive immunization.	hantaan virus (htnv), a member of the genus hantavirus, family bunyaviridae, is an etiologic agent causing a serious human disease, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs), with a mortality as high as 15% and is also a potential bioterrorism agent. it is urgently needed to develop anti-htnv-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mabs) for treatment and prevention of htnv infection. in the present study, 18 murine mabs directed against htnv strain chen were generated and characterized. among th ...	2002	12408987
emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases.	in human history, numerous infectious diseases have emerged and re-emerged. aside from many others, the so-called 'exotic' agents in particular are a threat to our public health systems due to limited experience in case management and lack of appropriate resources. many of these agents are zoonotic in origin and transmitted from animals to man either directly or via vectors. the reservoirs are often infected subclinically or asymptomatically and the distribution of the diseases basically reflect ...	2002	12410344
[contemporary problems with respiratory tract infections with special regard to viral infections].		2001	12412261
nm judgment raises red flag. state law mandates nationwide action by nps.		2001	12420460
serological study of hantavirus in man in the autonomous community of madrid, spain.	data relating to hantavirus infection in spain are scarce and limited to rural areas. the aim of this work was to study the seroprevalence of hantavirus infection in the autonomous community of madrid (acm), a region containing both rural and urban populations in different ecological settings. sera from 3852 individuals (1849 male, 2003 female) were screened by indirect inmunofluorescence, with vero e6 cells infected with puumala, hantaan and seoul viruses as antigens. screen-positive results we ...	2002	12435066
generation of an hfrs patient-derived neutralizing recombinant antibody to hantaan virus g1 protein and definition of the neutralizing domain.	hantaan virus (htnv) in the hantavirus genus, family bunyaviridae, is the major cause of severe hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs). we prepared a combinatorial phage display library of human fabs to htnv from rna extracted from the blood lymphocytes of a convalescent hfrs patient. we selected two g1 glycoprotein-specific clones and one nucleocapsid protein (n)-specific clone from the fab library for further studies. the human fab antibodies were converted to igg form in baculovirus/ins ...	2003	12436484
simulations in the mathematical modeling of the spread of the hantavirus.	the range of validity of a recently proposed deterministic (mean field) model of the spread of the hantavirus infection is studied with the help of monte carlo simulations for the evolution of mice populations. the simulation is found to reproduce earlier results on the average but to display additional behavior stemming from discreteness in mice number and from fluctuations of the finite size system. it is shown that mice diffusion affects those additional features of the simulation in a physic ...	2002	12443236
distribution of hantavirus foci in belgium.	during 1999 and 2000, we performed rodent captures on 15 sites all over belgium to evaluate the presence of hantaviruses in local rodent populations. viral antibody and rna detection was performed by elisa/focus reduction neutralisation test and rt-pcr, respectively. we found hantavirus-positive rodents on 13 out of 15 trapping sites and 3 rodent species were found positive for hantavirus infection. apart from puumala virus that was carried by clethrionomys glareolus, 2 additional rodent species ...	2002	12443796
andes virus infection of cynomolgus macaques.	andes virus (andv), a member of the genus hantavirus, is a causative agent of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) and is the only hantavirus known to be transmissible from person to person. hps is found in north and south america and is often fatal. to test the virulence of andv in nonhuman primates, we exposed cynomolgus macaques to andes virus, either intravenously or by aerosol. the monkeys did not manifest clinical disease but showed significant lymphocyte decreases between days 8 and 11 pos ...	2002	12447754
phylogenetic evidence for host switching in the evolution of hantaviruses carried by apodemus mice.	phylogenetic analysis of three hantaviruses: hantaan (htnv), dobrava (dobv), and the newly designated serotype/genotype saaremaa (saav) and their respective hosts, rodents of genus apodemus, reveals a discrepancy in the virus-host relationships. while all apodemus agrarius sequences from europe and the far east are monophyletic, saav (carried by the western subspecies of a. agrarius) shared the most recent ancestor with a. flavicollis-associated dobv virus, but not with htnv (carried by the east ...	2002	12457975
ribavirin causes error catastrophe during hantaan virus replication.	except for ribavirin, no other antiviral drugs for treating hantaviral diseases have been identified. it is well established that ribavirin will inhibit the production of infectious hantaan virus (htnv); however, its mechanism of action is unknown. to characterize the inhibitory effect of ribavirin on htnv, the levels of viral rnas, proteins, and infectious particles were measured for 3 days posttreatment of htnv-infected vero e6 cells. htnv-infected cells treated with ribavirin showed a slight ...	2003	12477853
genetic interaction between distinct dobrava hantavirus subtypes in apodemus agrarius and a. flavicollis in nature.	dobrava virus (dobv) occurs in two different rodent species, apodemus flavicollis (dobv-af) and a. agrarius (dobv-aa). we sequenced the s and m genomic segments from sympatric dobv-af and dobv-aa strains which fell into two distinct genetic lineages. molecular phylogenetic analyses gave evidence for genetic reassortment between s and m segments of dobv-af and dobv-aa and indicated homologous recombination events in dobv evolution. dobv-af and dobv-aa are distinct but also subject to genetic exch ...	2003	12477889
neonatal sex steroids affect responses to seoul virus infection in male but not female norway rats.	previous studies illustrate that after inoculation with seoul virus (i.e., the naturally occurring hantavirus found in norway rats), adult male rats produce higher antibody responses, exhibit higher th1 responses (i.e., igg2a, il-2, and ifn gamma), and shed virus longer than females, but these difference are not altered by manipulation of sex steroids in adulthood. to determine whether sex steroid hormones organize adult responses to hantavirus infection, at 2-4 days of age, male rats were gonad ...	2002	12480503
[hantaviruses--"exotic" viruses in germany].		2002	12487105
viral hemorrhagic fevers including hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in the americas.	the term viral hemorrhagic fever refers to an acute systemic illness with a propensity for bleeding and shock. the viral hemorrhagic fevers endemic in the americas include yellow fever, dengue hemorrhagic fever, the south american hemorrhagic fevers, hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. because these diseases are primarily zoonotic, the distribution of any given virus is generally restricted by the distribution of its natural reservoir or arthropod vector. a ...	2002	12489291
[changes in the epidemiology of infectious disease in chile: 1990-2000].		2002	12491839
puumala hantavirus infection in humans and in the reservoir host, ardennes region, france.	we compared the occurrence of nephropathia epidemica cases, over a multi-annual population cycle, in northeastern france with the hantavirus serology for bank voles captured in the same area. we discuss hypotheses to explain the pattern of infection in both humans and rodents and their synchrony.	2002	12498675
the multimerization of hantavirus nucleocapsid protein depends on type-specific epitopes.	multimerization of the hantaan virus nucleocapsid protein (np) in hantaan virus-infected vero e6 cells was observed in a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). recombinant and truncated nps of hantaan, seoul, and dobrava viruses lacking the n-terminal 49 amino acids were also detected as multimers. although truncated nps of hantaan virus lacking the n-terminal 154 amino acids existed as a monomer, those of seoul and dobrava formed multimers. the multimerized truncated np antigens ...	2003	12502810
persistent sin nombre virus infection in the deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus) model: sites of replication and strand-specific expression.	to address sin nombre (sn) virus persistence in deer mice, we sacrificed experimentally infected deer mice at eight time points from day 21 to day 217 postinoculation (p.i.) and examined their tissues for viral nucleocapsid (n) antigen expression and both negative-strand (genomic) and positive-strand (replicative/mrna) viral s segment rna titers. all the animals that we inoculated developed persistent infections, and sn virus could be isolated from tissues throughout the course of infection. the ...	2003	12502867
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome-associated hantaviruses contain conserved and functional itam signaling elements.	hantaviruses infect human endothelial and immune cells, causing two human diseases, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps). we have identified key signaling elements termed immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (itams) within the g1 cytoplasmic tail of all hps-causing hantaviruses. itams direct receptor signaling within immune and endothelial cells and the presence of itams in all hps-causing hantaviruses provides a means for altering norma ...	2003	12502882
chilean research throws light on hantavirus transmission.		2003	12505021
hantavirus immunology.	two clinical syndromes are associated with hantavirus infection in humans: hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps). autopsy findings typically reveal a common feature of increased permeability in microvascular beds, suggesting vascular endothelium is a prime target for virus infection. endothelial cells are susceptible to hantavirus infection; however, virus does not cause cytopathic effects, to explain increased endothelium permeability. therefore, i ...	2002	12513931
hantaviruses. a short review.	hantaviruses are rodent viruses that have been identified as etiologic agents of 2 diseases of humans: hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps). this article presents a concise review of hantavirus biology, the medical features of hfrs and hps, and tests for the detection of hantavirus infections in humans.	2003	12521363
use of vesicular stomatitis virus pseudotypes bearing hantaan or seoul virus envelope proteins in a rapid and safe neutralization test.	a vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) pseudotype bearing hantavirus envelope glycoproteins was produced and used in a neutralization test as a substitute for native hantavirus. the recombinant vsv, in which the enveloped protein gene (g) was replaced by the green fluorescent protein gene and complemented with g protein expressed in trans (vsvdeltag*g), was kindly provided by m. a. whitt. 293t cells were transfected with plasmids for the expression of envelope glycoproteins (g1 and g2) of htnv or se ...	2003	12522053
[efficacy of amixine in experimental hantavirus infection].	the experimental studies conducted on 2-week suckling mice infected with hantaan virus, strain 76-118) treated with oral and subcutaneous amoxine showed its prophylactic, therapeutical-and-prophylactic, and therapeutical efficiencies. oral amoxine exhibited the highest efficiency when used in a dose of 10 mg/kg-1 96 hours before infection and throughout the incubation period. the protective efficiency was 61%. subcutaneously, the agent was effective when three schemes for injection in a dose of ...	2002	12522965
genetic characterization of new dobrava hantavirus isolate from greece.	the first complete genome sequence of dobrava hantavirus isolated from yellow-necked mouse apodemus flavicollis trapped in the northeastern greece is described. the s, m, and l segments of the greek isolate of dobrava virus are 1673, 3635, and 6532 nucleotides (nt) long, respectively, and encode the nucleocapsid (n) protein of 429 amino acids (aa), glycoprotein precursor of 1135 aa, and the l protein of 2151 aa. n protein contains three cysteine residues conserved in all known hantaviruses, as w ...	2003	12526053
examining unmet needs in infectious disease.	in the past 30 years, more than 30 new aetiological agents of infectious disease have been identified. some of these are responsible for entirely novel and life-threatening disorders, such as aids, ebola fever, hantavirus pulmonary syndrome and nipah virus encephalitis. during the same period, some longstanding infectious diseases (such as tuberculosis) have became resurgent, as a result of a combination of complacency, increased travel and social dislocation, and also increasing drug resistance ...	2003	12546988
hantaviruses: etiologic agents of rare, but potentially life-threatening zoonotic diseases.		2003	12555978
diagnostic rapid tests for acute hantavirus infections: specific tests for hantaan, dobrava and puumala viruses versus a hantavirus combination test.	hantaviruses infecting humans in eurasia include hantaan, seoul, puumala and the closely related dobrava and saaremaa viruses. these viruses are causative agents of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs), which is recognized as a severe health care problem in several countries. diagnostics of hantavirus infections relies on serology, performed principally with enzyme immunoassay (eia) or immunofluorescence assay (ifa). we developed four 5-min immunochromatographic igm-antibody tests for di ...	2003	12565162
hantavirus.	sin nombre virus (snv), an emerging pathogen in the united states, was identified in 1993. this hantavirus, a member of the bunyaviridae family of rna viruses, is transmitted by its reservoir host peromyscus maniculatus, the deer mouse. transmission is by inhalation of aerosolized feces, urine, or saliva from the infected mice. the illness that pursues, hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps), is characterized initially by mild flu-like symptoms, followed by rapid progression to respiratory distress ...	2003	12587657
multifactorial determination of hypertensive nephroangiosclerosis.	essential hypertension causes renal injury. hypertensive nephroangiosclerosis (hn) or hypertensive nephropathy are terms most commonly used to describe this renal pathology. although specific histological lesions occurring in affected kidneys are well known, pathogenesis of hypertension-related renal scarring is not completely understood. evidence exists to support the theory that other factors such as aging, black race or smoking, beside blood pressure, contribute to the development and progres ...	2002	12590197
emerging viruses: the case 'hantavirus'.	this review briefly summarises the recent knowledge about hantavirus infections and raises particular problems in hantavirus research that need further investigation. the following questions are addressed: (i) are hantaviruses distributed worldwide and what leads to new outbreaks, (ii) what is known about hantavirus evolution, (iii) how can hantavirus species be defined, (iv) what are the determinants of hantavirus pathogenesis in humans, and (v) what problems are associated with the development ...	2002	12602350
review of an inactivated vaccine against hantaviruses.	hantaviruses cause haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and result in severe morbidity and mortality in humans. safe and effective vaccines are needed to reduce the incidence of human illness. in this study, the immune response to an inactivated hantavirus vaccine was measured in 64 human volunteers for hantavax and 10 human volunteers for a hantaan-puumala virus combination vaccine at high risk of infection by virtue of their residence and occupation.	2002	12602351
characterization of expression of puumala virus nucleocapsid protein in transgenic plants.	transgenic plants expressing a foreign gene are a suitable system for the production of relevant immunogens in high amounts that can be used for the development of a new generation of vaccines against a variety of infectious diseases. in the present study, the expression of the nucleocapsid (n) protein of hantavirus serotype puumala in tobacco and potato plants was investigated. transgenic tobacco and potato plants were generated and established. these transgenic plants expressed the n protein o ...	2002	12602352
stop codon insertion restores the particle formation ability of hepatitis b virus core-hantavirus nucleocapsid protein fusions.	in recent years, epitopes of various origin have been inserted into the core protein of hepatitis b virus (hbc), allowing the formation of chimeric hbc particles. although the c-terminus of a c-terminally truncated hbc (hbc) tolerates the insertion of extended foreign sequences, the insertion capacity is still a limiting factor for the construction of multivalent vaccines. previously, we described a new system to generate hbc mosaic particles based on a read-through mechanism in an escherichia c ...	2002	12602354
non-covalent interaction between nucleocapsid protein of tula hantavirus and small ubiquitin-related modifier-1, sumo-1.	to find cellular binding counterparts for the nucleocapsid protein (n) of tula hantavirus (tulv), two cdna libraries were screened using yeast two-hybrid systems based on lexa and gal4 transcription factors. five cdna clones encoding sumo-1 (small ubiquitin-related modifier, also known as sentrin) were selected in the lexa system. confocal microscopy revealed that, in infected cells, tulv n protein and sumo-1 colocalize at the perinuclear area providing further evidence for interaction between t ...	2003	12606074
hantavirus.	when hantaviruses hit the headlines with the advent in may 1993 of a new disease in the usa, and later in the new world from canada to south argentina, called "hantavirus pulmonary syndrome" (hps), speculations in the lay press rose from the very beginning around the possibilities of a biological warfare (bw) weapon. indeed, the responsible agent of hps, hantavirus, was almost unknown at that moment in the new world, was airborne, seemed to target preferentially young adults, and induced a devas ...	2003	12615308
hantavirus infections in finland.	hantaviruses cause haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) and hantaviruspulmonary syndrome (hps), and occur throughout the world. the viruses aretransmitted to humans in aerosols of rodent secretions. about 200 000 people,mainly in eurasia, develop	1995	12631750
patterns of puumala virus infection in finland.	puumala hantavirus infection is prevalent throughout most of europe, and in endemic areas it may be the most common cause of acute renal failure. to evaluate trends in incidence of puumala virus infections in finland, we analysed national surveillance data in 12-month periods from march 1995 to february 2002. during this time, 8184 laboratory-confirmed cases were notified to the national infectious disease register. three epidemic periods were identified, for which the number of cases was more t ...	2003	12631978
the potential role of viral pathogens as agents of bioterrorism.		2003	12632851
establishment of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of hantavirus antibody of rats using a recombinant of nucleocapsid protein expressed in escherichia coli.	a recombinant nucleocapsid protein of hantaan virus (htn) 76-118 strain expressed in e. coli was applied as a serodiagnostic antigen in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (rhtn-elisa) for detection of hantavirus antibody in rat sera. the sensitivity and specificity of the rhtn-elisa were compared with those of the indirect immunofluoresent assay (ifa) using virus-infected cells. the sensitivity of rhtn-elisa was similar to that of the ifa both in experimentally sr-11 infected rat and naturally ...	2003	12638233
rescue of hantaan virus minigenomes.	hantavirus infections are a major public health concern worldwide. their widespread geographical distribution and their ability to produce serious, often fatal, human disease underline the need for a system that allows manipulation of these viruses. we describe here the first successful establishment of a reverse genetics technology for hantaan virus, the prototype of the genus hantavirus. the system offers a unique opportunity to study the biology of hantaviruses, the pathogenesis of the diseas ...	2003	12642095
removing deer mice from buildings and the risk for human exposure to sin nombre virus.	trapping and removing deer mice from ranch buildings resulted in an increased number of mice, including sin nombre virus antibody-positive mice, entering ranch buildings. mouse removal without mouse proofing will not reduce and may even increase human exposure to sin nombre hantavirus.	2003	12643840
[detection of hantavirus antigen in rodents in the czech republic].	the work is based on the hitherto implemented examinations of lungs of rodents from the territory of the czech republic for the presence of hantavirus antigen. for detection of a species specific antigen the elisa set hantagnost from the poliomyelitis institute in moscow was used. a total of 1494 micromammalia of 15 species caught in 1991-2001 were examined. the hantavirus antigen was detected in the lungs of 101 individuals (6.8%) whereby representatives of the species microtus arvalis predomin ...	2003	12647557
hantavirus transmission: potential role of ectoparasites.	hantavirus pulmonary syndrome is an often-fatal disease thought to be transmitted exclusively by rodents. we report the first evidence of hantavirus-specific rna (bayou) from two trombiculid mites (chiggers) and an ixodid tick parasitizing wild-caught rodents at a field site in texas and also from a trombiculid mite in the free-living predatory stage of the chigger life cycle collected from the same site.	2001	12653138
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in the state of são paulo, brazil, 1993-1998.	between 1993 and 1998, 10 cases of clinical hantavirus infection were diagnosed in brazil. hantavirus-specific igm, or positive immunohistochemical analysis for hantavirus antigen, or positive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction results for hantavirus rna were used to confirm nine of these cases; eight were hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps), and one was mild hantavirus disease. the remaining clinical case of hantavirus infection was fatal, and no tissue was available to confirm the ...	2001	12653146
experimental evaluation of rodent exclusion methods to reduce hantavirus transmission to residents in a native american community in new mexico.	we conducted a pilot study to evaluate the efficacy of rodent proofing continuously occupied homes as a method for lowering the risk for hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) among residents of a native american community in northwestern new mexico. rodent proofing of dwellings was paired with culturally appropriate health education. seventy homes were randomly assigned to treatment or control categories. treatment homes were rodent-proofed by sealing openings around foundations, doors, roofs, and ...	2002	12653299
zoonoses--an interview with james emory childs, sc.d.		2002	12653306
genetic evidence for tula virus in microtus arvalis and microtus agrestis populations in croatia.	to determine the threat of hantavirus infection to u.s. forces, small mammals were sampled from training areas within croatia. of the 152 samples, 20 were positive for tula virus (tul), 12 common voles (microtus arvalis) and eight field voles (microtus agrestis). sequences from m. agrestis were found in five and sequences from m. arvalis were found in six of seven sequence groups. the high percentage of the same tul sequences in m. agrestis and m. arvalis suggests the co-occurrence of this virus ...	2002	12656127
distribution of puumala hantavirus in denmark: analysis of bank voles (clethrionomys glareolus) from fyn and jutland.	the majority of hantaviral infections in denmark since 1957 have occurred on the island of fyn. we have recently shown the presence of puumala hantavirus (puuv) in bank voles (clethrionomys glareolus) on fyn. to learn more about the distribution and prevalence of puuv in denmark, 310 small mammals, belonging to six rodent and two insectivore species, were trapped in four localities on fyn and three localities on the jutland peninsula (mainland denmark), where only a few cases of nephropathia epi ...	2002	12656129
the seroprevalences of anti-hantavirus igg antibodies among selected venezuelan populations.	in venezuela, the isolation of hantaviruses from rodents and the detection, in 1999, of a clinically confirmed human case of hantavirus infection led to increased interest in these viruses. in an attempt to estimate the problem posed by such viruses in venezuela, elisa based on purified, recombinant, nucleoprotein were used to check 1380 human serum samples for the presence of igg antibodies to hantavirus. the elisa results, as confirmed by indirect immunofluorescence and western-blot assays, in ...	2003	12662423
hantaviruses: a tale of two hemispheres.	infectious febrile nephropathies, initially described as epidemics during military campaigns in europe and asia at the turn of the 20(th) century, were eventually all unified under the rubric of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) and ascribed to infection from rodent-borne hantaviruses. at the end of the century, hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) was described throughout the americas as a consequence of infection with the new world hantaviruses. the epidemiology and clinical manifest ...	2003	12682619
viral zoonoses - a threat under control?	despite intensive research and considerable effort to eradicate infectious diseases, modern medicine has failed to control many infectious diseases which have been thought to be easy to overcome with advances in medical science and technology. in fact, infectious diseases remain a dominant feature in public health considerations for the 21st century. some infectious agents already known to be pathogenic have gained increasing importance in recent decades due to changes in disease patterns. furth ...	2003	12684545
hantavirus infection in an active duty u.s. army soldier stationed in seoul, korea.	hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome has been described among the u.s. and the u.n. troops assigned to the republic of korea since the korean war. however, this appears to be the first case in which infection was acquired during garrison duty in an urban environment.	2003	12685690
[new data for the public health importance of hantaviruses in hungary].	the authors present recent results in the hungarian hantavirus ecology and epidemiology. most of the research was done between 1992-2000.	2003	12687796
sin nombre virus glycoprotein trafficking.	sin nombre virus (snv) is a major representative of the new world hantaviruses and the most common cause of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) with high mortality in north america. unlike other members of the family bunyaviridae which mature in the golgi complex, new world hantaviruses have been previously reported to mature at the cell surface. for family bunyaviridae viruses, retention of the viral glycoproteins at the golgi complex is thought to be responsible for their golgi maturation. in ...	2003	12706089