| [presence of the toscana virus in majorca. prevalence and epidemiological characteristics in a hospital population]. | | 2011 | 21349605 |
| sandfly fever due to toscana virus: an emerging infection in southern france. | infections due to toscana virus (tosv) have been described in the mediterranean area, mainly in italy. we describe two cases of acute tosv infection in southern france, one aseptic meningitis and one influenza-like illness. to our knowledge, only one other case of tosv infection has been reported in this area. | 2004 | 15450990 |
| performance of various commercial assays for the detection of toscana virus antibodies. | sandfly fever virus (sfv) serotypes sandfly fever naples virus, sandfly fever sicilian virus, and sandfly fever cyprus virus cause febrile diseases, whereas toscana virus (tosv) is responsible for aseptic meningoencephalitis. diagnosis and surveillance of tosv depend heavily on virus serology, and various commercial assays utilizing various antigen sources and formats have been available. the aim of this study was to perform comparative evaluation of commercially available serological assays for ... | 2011 | 21395410 |
| seroprevalence of toscana virus in blood donors, france, 2007. | to the editor: toscana virus (tosv) is an arthropod-borne rna virus (family bunyaviridae and genus phlebovirus) transmitted by sandflies in mediterranean countries. tosv causes acute meningitis and meningoencephalitis in patients. in france, cases of tosv infections involving resident populations and cases imported by tourists traveling in tosv-endemic countries have been reported (1,2); the virus has also been isolated from local wild-caught sandflies (1). the fact that tosv has been isolated f ... | 2011 | 21529423 |
| toscana virus causing severe meningoencephalitis in an elderly traveller. | | 2005 | 16227565 |
| acute meningitis owing to phlebotomus fever toscana virus imported to france. | acute lymphocytic meningitis, seen in france in summer, is often due to enteroviruses. arboviruses as west nile and tick-borne encephalitis do exist in europe, but other viruses are rarely considered in patients unless they have had recent tropical travel. toscana virus infection, which is endemic, especially in italy,1-3 has been documented in some european travelers returning from italy,4-6 but surprisingly was not documented in france until recently.7 we report a case of meningitis caused by ... | 2005 | 16256057 |
| diagnostic tools for toscana virus infection. | toscana virus (tosv; phlebovirus, bunyaviridae) is an important etiological agent of acute meningitis and meningoencephalitis in mediterranean countries. laboratory diagnosis has been carried out in serological studies using elisa, immunofluorescence and/or neutralization tests that are not influenced by the virus viability; however, in the acute phase of the infection, nucleic acid amplification techniques are the methods of choice to diagnose viral meningitis from cerebrospinal fluid samples. ... | 2011 | 21810052 |
| toscana virus central nervous system infections in southern italy. | toscana virus was detected by reverse transcription-nested pcr in 5.6% of cerebrospinal fluid (csf) samples from patients with meningitis and encephalitis during the summer in southern italy. the central nervous system infections were associated with young adults and with a substantially benign clinical course. presenting features and csf findings are also discussed in the present report. | 2005 | 16333126 |
| prevalence of antibodies to phleboviruses and flaviviruses in peja, kosovo. | clin microbiol infect 2011; 17: 1180-1182 abstract: in order to investigate the current and past activity of phlebovirus and flavivirus in kosovo, a seroprevalence study among 200 blood donors was performed. positive results were obtained for the phleboviruses tosv and sfnv, and for a flavivirus of the japanese encephalitis group. no positive results for tbev were observed. | 2011 | 21781206 |
| immunization with toscana virus n-gc proteins protects mice against virus challenge. | toscana virus (tosv) is an emerging virus, circulating in the mediterranean area, that is responsible for aseptic meningitis, meningoencephalitis, and encephalitis. the development of a vaccine that could provide complete protection from tosv infection is needed. in this study we investigated the capacity of tosv structural proteins, nucleocapsid protein n and the two gc and gn glycoproteins, produced as recombinant proteins, in an animal model. in particular, we investigated their role in induc ... | 2008 | 18355889 |
| occupational risk associated with toscana virus infection in tuscany, italy. | sandfly fever virus serotype toscana is endemic in mediterranean countries and is a widespread public health problem as it may be associated with acute neurological diseases such as aseptic meningitis. | 2008 | 18832346 |
| meningoencephalitis due to toscana virus in a french traveler returning from central italy. | toscana virus (tosv) is an arthropod-borne virus transmitted by sand flies of phlebotomus species that has been recognized as an agent associated with acute meningitis and encephalitis around the mediterranean. we report the first imported case of meningoencephalitis due to tosv in a traveler returning from central italy to france. | 2008 | 19006512 |
| Prevalence of toscana and sicilian phlebovirus antibodies in classic Kaposi sarcoma case patients and control subjects in sicily. | To assess whether arthropod bites promote Kaposi sarcoma (KS), we determined the seroprevalence of Sicilian (SFSV) and Toscana (TOSV) phlebovirus antibodies in 30 patients with classic KS and 100 controls in Sicily. Nine (6.9%) subjects, all controls, were positive for SFSV, whereas 41 (31.5%) were positive for TOSV. Seroprevalence with immunoglobulin (Ig) M or IgG against either virus was significantly higher in controls (43% vs 13.3% in case patients; P < .01). Adjusted for age, IgG seropreval ... | 2011 | 21900487 |
| [toscana virus, west nile virus and lymphochoriomeningitis virus as causing agents of aseptic meningitis in spain]. | cases of aseptic meningitis (am) are mostly due to enterovirus (ev), herpesvirus, and mumps virus (mv). an important number of cases remains without an etiologic diagnosis. | 2009 | 19375119 |
| bayesian skyline plot inference of the toscana virus epidemic: a decline in the effective number of infections over the last 30 years. | toscana virus (tosv), a sandfly fever virus, is one of the main causes of the aseptic meningitis that occurs during the summer in some mediterranean regions, and whose epidemiology is largely unknown. we used a bayesian markov chain monte carlo approach and a relaxed molecular clock to estimate the demographic history of the tosv infection in a series of isolates sampled between 1980 and 2003. the estimated mean evolutionary rate was 2.5 x 10(-4) substitutions per site per year (95% hpd: 0.31-5. ... | 2009 | 19460322 |
| age-dependent seroprevalence of toscana virus in central italy and correlation with the clinical profile. | in order to estimate the antibody prevalence rates for toscana virus (tosv) among children and adults, we evaluated the seroprevalence of tosv in a population (n = 2,737) living in tuscany during the period of 1999 to 2006. the seroprevalence rate was 19.8% in adults and 5.8% in children, showing an age-dependent increase in tosv-specific immunity. meningitis due to tosv infection was more frequent in adults than in children. | 2009 | 19553552 |
| interaction of tomato yellow leaf curl virus with diverse betasatellites enhances symptom severity. | the complete nucleotide sequence was determined for a begomovirus isolated from tomato exhibiting leaf curling and yellowing symptoms in tochigi prefecture in japan. the genome organization of this virus was similar to those of other old world monopartite begomoviruses. neither a dna betasatellite nor a dna-b component was detected. it had the highest total nucleotide sequence identity (99%) with tomato yellow leaf curl virus-israel[japan:tosa:2005] (tylcv-il[jr:tos:05]) and tylcv-israel[japan:h ... | 2009 | 19575277 |
| [role of toscana virus in meningo-encephalitis in tunisia.] | objectives: to detect the presence of toscana virus (tosv) circulation in tunisia and to study its role in viral meningo-encephalitis. patients and methods: a total of 315 (167 sera and 178 cerobrospinal fluid [csf]) samples was investigated. these samples are colleted from tunisian patients with neurological diseases during the period between january 2003 and december 2009. all samples were tested negative for enterovirus, herpes simplex virus and west nile virus. detection for igm and igg spec ... | 2010 | 20378279 |
| seroprevalence of vector-borne pathogens and molecular detection of borrelia afzelii in military dogs from portugal. | canine vector-borne diseases (cvbds) are increasingly being reported worldwide and represent a serious threat to both animal and public health. military dogs may constitute a risk group for the agents causing these diseases, as they frequently work outdoors in different areas and are thus exposed to vector arthropods. in order to assess the risk of exposure of this type of dogs, a serological and molecular survey was conducted in military working dogs in portugal. one hundred apparently healthy ... | 2016 | 27160284 |
| bovine lactoferrin inhibits toscana virus infection by binding to heparan sulphate. | toscana virus is an emerging sandfly-borne bunyavirus in mediterranean europe responsible for neurological diseases in humans. it accounts for about 80% of paediatric meningitis cases during the summer. despite the important impact of toscana virus infection-associated disease on human health, currently approved vaccines or effective antiviral treatments are not available. in this research, we have analyzed the effect of bovine lactoferrin, a bi-globular iron-binding glycoprotein with potent ant ... | 2015 | 25643293 |
| arthropod-borne viruses transmitted by phlebotomine sandflies in europe: a review. | phlebotomine sandflies are known to transmit leishmaniases, bacteria and viruses that affect humans and animals in many countries worldwide. these sandfly-borne viruses are mainly the phlebovirus, the vesiculovirus and the orbivirus. some of these viruses are associated with outbreaks or human cases in the mediterranean europe. in this paper, the viruses transmitted by phlebotomine sandflies in europe (toscana virus, sicilian virus, sandfly fever naples virus) are reviewed and their medical impo ... | 2010 | 20403307 |
| rift valley fever virus mp-12 vaccine encoding toscana virus nss retains neuroinvasiveness in mice. | rift valley fever is a mosquito-borne zoonotic disease endemic to sub-saharan africa. rift valley fever virus (rvfv; genus phlebovirus, family bunyaviridae) causes high rates of abortion and fetal malformation in pregnant ruminants, and haemorrhagic fever, neurological disorders or blindness in humans. the mp-12 strain is a highly efficacious and safe live-attenuated vaccine candidate for both humans and ruminants. however, mp-12 lacks a marker to differentiate infected from vaccinated animals. ... | 2013 | 23515022 |
| sandfly fever virus activity in central/northern anatolia, turkey: first report of toscana virus infections. | sandfly fever viruses (sfvs) cause febrile diseases as well as aseptic meningitis/encephalitis and include serotypes sandfly fever sicilian virus (sfsv), sandfly fever naples virus (sfnv) and toscana virus (tosv). infections are endemic in the mediterranean basin and data on sfv activity in turkey are limited. in this study, sera from 1533 blood donors from the ankara, konya, eskisehir and zonguldak provinces of turkey were evaluated for sfv exposure by indirect immunofluorescence test (iift) an ... | 2011 | 20731683 |
| serosurvey study of toscana virus in domestic animals, granada, spain. | abstract toscana virus (tosv) is transmitted by infected sandflies. in mediterranean countries, tosv is one of the major viral pathogens involved in aseptic meningitis and meningoencephalitis in humans. it remains unclear if there are animal reservoirs able to maintain the virus through the cold months of the year, when the vector is not circulating. from may to october of 2006 and 2007, we conducted a serosurvey study on domestic animals from granada province (southern spain). tosv was investig ... | 2010 | 20925529 |
| prevalence of toscana virus antibodies in residents of two ionian islands, greece. | the prevalence of toscana virus (tosv) igg antibodies was determined among 128 residents of two greek islands in the ionian sea, corfu and cephalonia. in total, 47.7% of tested persons had tosv igg antibodies; 51.7% among residents of corfu and 39% among residents of cephalonia. the prevalence was higher among persons older than 60 years, who were living in the coastal areas, while no relation with occupation was observed. the high seroprevalence, combined with the high antibody titers observed, ... | 2010 | 20971440 |
| serological and molecular detection of toscana and other phleboviruses in patients and sandflies in tunisia. | our aim is to detect the infection by toscana virus (tosv) and other phleboviruses in the sera and cerebro-spinal fluid (csf) of patients with meningitis in tunisia. we examined various species of phlebotomus present in tunisia to determine whether or not a direct relationship exists between cases of meningitis and the viruses circulating in the insect vectors. | 2014 | 25398483 |
| [unusual toscana virus encephalitis in southern france]. | | 2010 | 21050685 |
| toscana virus encephalitis in a traveler returning to the united states. | in italy, toscana virus is the most common cause of meningitis from may to october. though only a few cases have been reported in u.s. travelers returning from europe, most cases are likely unrecognized due to lack of familiarity with the disease. here, we describe the case of an 82-year-old man presenting with fever, profound weakness, and hearing loss after returning to the united states following a 2-week summertime vacation in southern italy who was ultimately diagnosed with toscana virus en ... | 2015 | 25673791 |
| [sandfly fever outbreak in a province at central anatolia, turkey.] | sandfly fever virus (sfv), which is classified in phlebovirus genus, bunyaviridae family, is widely seen in the middle east and mediterranean basin. sfv has four serotypes known as sicilian (sfsv), cyprus (sfcv), naples (sfnv) and toscana virus (tosv). sandfly fever, which is transmitted to human by different species of sandflies, especially phlebotomus spp., starts with acute onset of high fever and lasts for three days. headache, anorexia and myalgia are the most common symptoms. the aim of th ... | 2010 | 21063993 |
| histological description of the lymphadenopathy related to toscana virus infection. report of a case. | toscana virus (tosv) infection is a frequent cause of meningitis in central italy during summer. the disease generally has a benign course. rarely, the infection produces a severe disease, with encephalitis and signs of systemic involvement, including lymphadenopathy. since there is no clinical necessity of performing lymph node biopsy in such cases, the histopathological feature of tosv-related lymphadenitis is not known. we herein present a case in which lymphadenopathy preceded the onset of m ... | 2010 | 21115298 |
| development of a flow-trough microarray based reverse transcriptase multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification assay for the detection of european bunyaviruses. | it is suspected that apart from tick-borne encephalitis virus several additional european arboviruses such as the sandfly borne toscana virus, sandfly fever sicilian virus and sandfly fever naples virus, mosquito-borne tahyna virus, inkoo virus, batai virus and tick-borne uukuniemi virus cause aseptic meningo-encephalitis or febrile disease in europe. currently, the microarray technology is developing rapidly and there are many efforts to apply it to infectious diseases diagnostics. in order to ... | 2011 | 21390485 |
| e1a, e1b double-restricted adenovirus enhances the cytotoxicity and antitumor activity of gemcitabine to renal cell carcinoma. | our previous studies have demonstrated potent oncolysis efficacy of the e1a, e1b double-restricted replication-competent oncolytic adenovirus axdadb-3 for treatment of bladder cancer. here, we reported the feasibility and efficacy of axdadb-3 alone, or in combination with gemcitabine for treating renal cell carcinoma. | 2011 | 21542972 |
| lethal encephalitis caused by the toscana virus in an elderly patient. | | 2011 | 21656341 |
| serological evidence of toscana virus infection in portuguese patients. | summarytoscana virus (tosv) is an emerging phlebovirus of growing interest as a human pathogen in the mediterranean basin. in portugal, however, little is known about the prevalence of tosv infection. the aim of this work was to perform a seroprevalence study in patients with requests for laboratory diagnosis of vector-borne viruses. a total of 538 patients with and without neurological signs from 2004 to 2008 were studied by in-house indirect immunofluorescence assay and commercial enzyme-linke ... | 2011 | 21798106 |
| potential animal reservoirs of toscana virus and coinfections with leishmania infantum in turkey. | toscana virus (tosv), a sandfly-borne phlebovirus, is an important agent of human meningoencephalitis in the mediterranean region, for which vertebrates acting as reservoirs have not yet been determined. this study investigates tosv and leishmania infections in dogs, cats, sheep, and goats from adana and mersin provinces in southeastern turkey. tosv neutralizing antibodies were demonstrated in 40.4% of the dog and 4% of the goat samples. tosv rna was detected in 9.9% of the 252 samples that main ... | 2015 | 25711610 |
| phlebovirus and leishmania detection in sandflies from eastern thrace and northern cyprus. | phlebotomine sandflies are vectors of several pathogens with significant impact for public health. this study was conducted to investigate and characterize phlebovirus and leishmania infections in vector sandflies collected in the eastern thrace region in turkey and northern cyprus, where previous data indicate activity of these agents. | 2014 | 25499083 |
| characterization of the sandfly fever naples species complex and description of a new karimabad species complex (genus phlebovirus, family bunyaviridae). | genomic and antigenic characterization of members of the sandfly fever naples virus (sfnv) complex reveals the presence of five clades that differ in their geographical distribution. saint floris and gordil viruses, both found in africa, form one clade; punique, granada and massilia viruses, all isolated in the western mediterranean, constitute a second; toscana virus, a third; sfnv isolates from italy, cyprus, egypt and india form a fourth; while tehran virus and a serbian isolate yu 8/76, repr ... | 2013 | 24096318 |
| reverse transcription, real-time pcr assay for detection of toscana virus. | the arthropod-borne toscana virus is a common cause of acute neurological infection in the mediterranean basin. recently, a new lineage, highly divergent from the italian prototype, has been reported in spain. | 2007 | 17584525 |
| toscana virus nss protein promotes degradation of double-stranded rna-dependent protein kinase. | toscana virus (tosv), which is transmitted by phlebotomus spp. sandflies, is a major etiologic agent of aseptic meningitis and encephalitis in the mediterranean. like other members of the genus phlebovirus of the family bunyaviridae, tosv encodes a nonstructural protein (nss) in its small rna segment. although the nss of rift valley fever virus (rvfv) has been identified as an important virulence factor, which suppresses host general transcription, inhibits transcription from the beta interferon ... | 2013 | 23325696 |
| toscana virus isolated from sandflies, tunisia. | | 0 | 23460990 |
| immunoglobulin m seropositivity for toscana virus in a random population sample in sicily. | high toscana virus (tosv) antibody seropositivity rates have been documented in the last decade, especially in the mediterranean area. it is unclear if these rates are associated with a recent or past exposure to the virus. this is of importance, as primary infection can cause neurologic complications, especially in adults. the aim of the present study was to assess the current active tosv circulation in western sicily. | 2012 | 22726418 |
| prevalence of toscana virus antibodies in volunteer blood donors and patients with central nervous system infections in southeastern france. | toscana virus (tosv) is a sandfly-borne phlebovirus causing meningitis and encephalitis during the summer period. a significant proportion of infection results in asymptomatic or pauci-symptomatic forms. although seroprevalence studies had been conducted in italy, spain, greece, and cyprus, no data were available from france at the outset of this study. we present here results of seroprevalence studies conducted in volunteer blood donors and in patients presenting with central nervous system (cn ... | 2007 | 17627448 |
| phleboviruses and the type i interferon response. | the genus phlebovirus of the family bunyaviridae contains a number of emerging virus species which pose a threat to both human and animal health. most prominent members include rift valley fever virus (rvfv), sandfly fever naples virus (sfnv), sandfly fever sicilian virus (sfsv), toscana virus (tosv), punta toro virus (ptv), and the two new members severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (sftsv) and heartland virus (hrtv). the nonstructural protein nss is well established as the main p ... | 2016 | 27338447 |
| [a case of meningitis due to toscana virus in murcia]. | | 2007 | 17876745 |
| [phleboviruses laboratory diagnosis (toscana virus)]. | viruses from the phlebovirus genus (family bunyaviridae) are arboviruses that can be transmitted to humans by mosquitoes (rift valey virus) or by sandflies. in phleboviruses group we can find the etiological agents for sandfly fever (sf) that is spread in the mediterranean basin, middle east, pakistan and india. in portugal, the importance of phleboviruses to the public health is recognized because there have been detected cases of toscana virus infection wich is responsible for severe cases of ... | 2007 | 18198078 |
| presence of sandfly-borne phleboviruses of two antigenic complexes (sandfly fever naples virus and sandfly fever sicilian virus) in two different bio-geographical regions of tunisia demonstrated by a microneutralisation-based seroprevalence study in dogs. | sandfly-borne phleboviruses are present in north africa where they can infect humans in regions where leishmania infantum, the causative agent of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis in the western mediterranean basin is present affecting both humans and dogs. we investigated the capacity of dogs to be used as sentinels for sandfly-borne phleboviruses as previously shown for leishmaniasis. | 2014 | 25306250 |
| co-circulation of toscana virus and punique virus in northern tunisia: a microneutralisation-based seroprevalence study. | in northern tunisia, the co-circulation of two related sand fly-borne phleboviruses, toscana virus (tosv) and punique virus (punv) was previously demonstrated. in contrast to tosv, a prominent human pathogen, there is no data supporting that punv is capable to infect and cause disease to humans. we studied the respective involvement of tosv and punv in human infections in northern tunisia through a seroprevalence study. | 2013 | 24069484 |
| laboratory validation of the sand fly fever virus antigen assay. | sandfly fever group viruses in the genus phlebovirus (family bunyaviridae) are widely distributed across the globe and are a cause of disease in military troops and indigenous peoples. we assessed the laboratory sensitivity and specificity of the sand fly fever virus antigen assay, a rapid dipstick assay designed to detect sandfly fever naples virus (sfnv) and toscana virus (tosv) against a panel of phleboviruses. the assay detected sfnv and tosv, as well as other phleboviruses including aguacat ... | 2015 | 26675463 |
| nucleotide variability of toscana virus m segment in strains isolated from clinical cases. | toscana virus (tosv), a member of the bunyaviridae family, is an important etiologic agent of neurologic infection transmissible to humans by bites of the phlebotomus spp. in consideration of the variations in the antigenic properties of bunyaviruses and their potential genetic variability, we analysed a large region (2500nt) of the toscana virus m segment coding for the non-structural protein (nsm) and the g(n) and g(c) glycoproteins in several strains isolated from patients with meningitis fro ... | 2008 | 18353481 |
| viral infections of the central nervous system in spain: a prospective study. | the aim of the study was to determine the incidence of viruses causing aseptic meningitis, meningoencephalitis, and encephalitis in spain. this was a prospective study, in collaboration with 17 spanish hospitals, including 581 cases (csf from all and sera from 280): meningitis (340), meningoencephalitis (91), encephalitis (76), febrile syndrome (7), other neurological disorders (32), and 35 cases without clinical information. csf were assayed by pcr for enterovirus (ev), herpesvirus (herpes simp ... | 2013 | 23239485 |
| Toscana Virus (TOSV) exposure is confirmed in blood donors from Central, North and South/Southeast Anatolia, Turkey. | Summary Toscana virus (TOSV), a sandfly fever virus serotype of medical and public health importance, is a major pathogen involved in aseptic meningtis occurring in Mediterranean countries and poses a threat to the residents as well as travellers. Limited data on TOSV activity are present from Turkey despite being located in the endemic zone. We aimed to identify TOSV exposure in 1115 healthy blood donors at the Hacettepe University Hospital Blood Bank in Ankara, Turkey, using commercial indirec ... | 2011 | 21914151 |
| [sandfly virus meningitis in a danish traveller returning from tuscany]. | we report the first case of sandfly virus meningitis in a danish traveller returning from tuscany. a 52 year-old man was admitted with headache, fever and photophobia. spinal fluid showed evidence of aseptic meningitis. indirect immuno-fluorescence assays showed presence of immunoglobulin (ig)m and igg antibodies reactive against toscana virus, and phlebovirus rna was detected in blood by real-time polymerase chain reaction. the patient recovered spontaneously. since sandfly virus is a very comm ... | 2011 | 21975188 |
| Seroprevalence of and risk factors for Toscana and Sicilian virus infection in a sample population of Sicily (Italy). | OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to assess seroprevalence of and risk factors for Toscana (TOSV) and Sicilian (SFSV) virus infections in a sample of Sicilian subjects. METHODS: A cross-sectional seroepidemiological study was conducted on 271 individuals. Each participant completed a self-administrated questionnaire and provided a serum sample which was analyzed for the presence of IgG specific anti-TOSV and anti-SFSV viruses. RESULTS: Overall, 90 subjects (33.2%) were positive for TOSV IgG, 25 ... | 2011 | 22120113 |
| [toscana virus in the portuguese population: serosurvey and clinical cases]. | toscana virus (phlebovirus genus, bunyaviridae family) is a neurotropic virus which circulates in the mediterranean basin. although portugal has been the second country where its presence was reported, the existence of this virus in our country has been referred only sporadically, and there is a lack of knowledge regarding the prevalence of antibodies in the population. thus, the objective of this study was to analyse the prevalence of antibodies anti-toscana virus in the human population in our ... | 2011 | 22849940 |
| [seroprevalence survey of toscana virus infection in oporto region]. | toscana virus (tosv) endemic in central italy, has been documented in several european countries of the mediterranean region. it is a neurotropic virus and in some of these countries studies to investigate seroprevalence have been done. in a recent etiologic study of meningitis we chose 106 of 308 samples to be tested for tosv using a nested rt-pcr assay, and found six (5.6%) cases of meningitis by toscana virus. | 2011 | 22849937 |
| [retrospective study of viral causes of central nervous system infections in tunisia (2003-2009)]. | to determine the role of enteroviruses, herpesviridae, west nile virus and sandfly toscana virus in central nervous system (cns) infections in tunisia. | 2012 | 23354155 |
| first detection of toscana virus rna from sand flies in the genus phlebotomus (diptera: phlebotomidae) naturally infected in morocco. | in total, 656 sand flies were collected in june 2008 from louata, a locality of sefrou province, morocco. testing was conducted for the presence of phlebovirus by nested reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and sequencing. we detected toscana virus in four pools of male phlebotomus perniciosus. this virus belongs to the genotype b previously recognized in france and spain. this is the first time that toscana virus has been detected in morocco. | 2012 | 23270183 |
| meningitis caused by toscana virus is associated with strong antiviral response in the cns and altered frequency of blood antigen-presenting cells. | toscana virus (tosv) is a phlebotomus-transmitted rna virus and a frequent cause of human meningitis and meningoencephalitis in southern europe during the summer season. while evidence for tosv-related central nervous system (cns) cases is increasing, little is known about the host defenses against tosv. we evaluated innate immune response to tosv by analyzing frequency and activation of blood antigen-presenting cells (apcs) and cytokine levels in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (csf) from patien ... | 2015 | 26569288 |
| phlebovirus infection in greece: a case report. | sandfly-transmitted phleboviruses cause to humans an asymptomatic or mild infection to severe meningitis or encephalitis. phleovirus infections are common in the mediterranean countries during the summertime when sandflies are active. it is estimated that several cases remain undiagnosed. | 0 | 27418773 |
| extensive recruitment of plasma blasts to the cerebrospinal fluid in toscana virus encephalitis. | an unexpectedly extensive recruitment of b cells and plasma blasts to the cerebrospinal fluid (csf) in a patient with toscana virus (tosv) encephalitis is described. acute infection by tosv was demonstrated by serological methods and by detection of tosv-specific nucleic acid in the csf by real-time polymerase chain reaction and sequencing. | 2015 | 26393235 |
| attenuation of pathogenic rift valley fever virus strain through the chimeric s-segment encoding sandfly fever phlebovirus nss or a dominant-negative pkr. | rift valley fever is a mosquito-borne zoonotic disease affecting ruminants and humans. rift valley fever virus (rvfv: family bunyaviridae, genus phlebovirus) causes abortions and fetal malformations in ruminants, and hemorrhagic fever, encephalitis, or retinitis in humans. the live-attenuated mp-12 vaccine is conditionally licensed for veterinary use in the us. however, this vaccine lacks a marker for the differentiation of vaccinated from infected animals (diva). nss gene is dispensable for rvf ... | 2016 | 27248570 |
| differential use of the c-type lectins l-sign and dc-sign for phlebovirus endocytosis. | bunyaviruses represent a growing threat to humans and livestock globally. the receptors, cellular factors and endocytic pathways used by these emerging pathogens to infect cells remain largely unidentified and poorly characterized. dc-sign is a c-type lectin highly expressed on dermal dendritic cells that has been found to act as an authentic entry receptor for many phleboviruses (bunyaviridae), including rift valley fever virus (rvfv), toscana virus (tosv) and uukuniemi virus (uukv). we found t ... | 2016 | 26990254 |
| toscana virus genome stability: data from a meningoencephalitis case in mantua, italy. | in july of 2013, samples from a patient with a neurological syndrome were collected from mantua hospital and sent to the national reference laboratory for arboviruses (national institute of health, rome). on the basis of the symptoms, serological and molecular assays were performed to diagnose either west nile virus (wnv) or toscana virus (tosv) infection. molecular and serological tests confirmed tosv infection. virus isolation was obtained from cerebrospinal fluid. a full genome sequence was d ... | 0 | 25514123 |
| severe encephalitis caused by toscana virus, greece. | | 0 | 25061909 |
| toscana meningoencephalitis: a comparison to other viral central nervous system infections. | toscana virus (tosv) is an emerging pathogen causing central nervous system (cns) infection in mediterranean countries, mostly during summer season. | 2012 | 22867730 |
| emergence of toscana virus in the mediterranean area. | toscana virus (tosv) is an arthropod-borne virus, identified in 1971, from phlebotomus perniciosus and phlebotomus perfiliewi in central italy. tosv belongs to the phlebovirus genus within the bunyaviridae family. as other bunyaviruses, the genome of tosv consists of 3 segments (s for small, m for medium, and l for large) respectively encoding non structural and capsid proteins, envelope structural proteins, and the viral rna-dependant rna-polymerase. it is transmitted by sand flies. therefore i ... | 0 | 24175218 |
| phleboviruses detection in phlebotomus perniciosus from a human leishmaniasis focus in south-west madrid region, spain. | phlebotomus-borne (phb-) viruses are distributed in large areas of the old world and are widespread throughout the mediterranean basin, where recent investigations have indicated that virus diversity is higher than initially suspected. some of these viruses are causes of meningitis, encephalitis and febrile illnesses. in order to monitor the viral presence and the infection rate of phb-viruses in a recently identified and well characterized human zoonotic leishmaniasis focus in southwestern madr ... | 2016 | 27075742 |
| complete coding sequences of three toscana virus strains isolated from sandflies in france. | toscana virus (tosv) is an arthropod-borne virus belonging to the sandfly fever naples virus species within the genus phlebovirus. we report here the complete coding sequences of three tosv strains belonging to lineage b and isolated from sandflies trapped in the southeast of france between 2009 and 2013. | 2016 | 26868387 |
| experimental evaluation of sand fly collection and storage methods for the isolation and molecular detection of phlebotomus-borne viruses. | several viruses have been recently isolated from mediterranean phlebotomine sand flies; some are known to cause human disease while some are new to science. to monitor the phlebotomus-borne viruses spreading, field studies are in progress using different sand fly collection and storage methods. two main sampling techniques consist of cdc light traps, an attraction method allowing collection of live insects in which the virus is presumed to be fairly preserved, and sticky traps, an interception m ... | 2015 | 26552444 |
| novel and emergent sandfly-borne phleboviruses in asia minor: a systematic review. | sandfly-transmitted phleboviruses are globally spread agents causing febrile diseases and central nervous system infections. the activity of pathogenic phleboviruses, as well as several novel strains, has been reported from turkey, a transboundary country connecting asia, europe, and africa with suitable habitats for sandflies. this study overviews all published data on phleboviruses from turkey and evaluates the impact from the virological, epidemiological, and public health perspectives. a sys ... | 2017 | 27531681 |
| phleboviruses associated with sand flies in arid bio-geographical areas of central tunisia. | an entomological investigation was carried out in 2014 at two sites located in central tunisia, one irrigated and another non-irrigated situated in arid bio-geographical areas. sand flies of the subgenus larroussius namely phlebotomus perfiliewi, phlebotomus perniciosus, and phlebotomus longicuspis are the most abundant sand fly species in the irrigated site. however, in the non-irrigated site, phlebotomus papatasi of the phlebotomus genus is the most abundant species. a total of 3191 sand flies ... | 2016 | 26875761 |
| seroprevalence of antibodies to sandfly fever sicilian virus in a sample population in tuscany, italy. | toscana virus is the main phlebovirus circulating in tuscany during the warm season, thus, a seroprevalence study was performed in the same area to estimate the antibody prevalence rates for sandfly fever sicilian virus (sfsv) that is endemic in the mediterranean countries. the low seroprevalence observed in this study shows that this virus does not play an important role in the etiology of febrile illness in central italy. | 2013 | 23289397 |
| toscana virus isolated from sandflies, morocco. | to investigate the transmission of phleboviruses, a total of 7,057 sandflies were collected in well-known foci of cutaneous leishmaniasis and were identified to species level according to morphological characters.collected sandflies were tested by nested pcr for the presence of phleboviruses and subsequently by viral isolation on vero cells. the corresponding products were sequenced. toscana virus was isolated, for the first time, from 5 pools of sandflies.hence, toscana virus should be consider ... | 2015 | 25886511 |
| clinic-epidemiologic study of human infection by granada virus, a new phlebovirus within the sandfly fever naples serocomplex. | granada virus (grv), a new phlebovirus within the naples serocomplex, has been recently described in phlebotomine sandflies from spain. the presence of anti-grv immunoglobulin g (igg) antibodies was investigated by indirect fluorescence assay (ifa) and neutralization test (nt) in 920 serum samples from the granada population. by ifa, an overall grv seroprevalence of 15.8% (n = 145) was observed, significantly increasing up to 65 years. nt was positive in 18% of anti-grv ifa-positive samples. igg ... | 2013 | 23419365 |
| Epidemiologic relationship between Toscana virus infection and Leishmania infantum due to common exposure to Phlebotomus perniciosus sandfly vector. | Sand flies are recognised vectors of parasites in the genus Leishmania and a number of arthropod-borne viruses, in particular viruses within the genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. In southern France, Toscana phlebovirus (TOSV) is recognized as a prominent cause of summer meningitis. Since Leishmania and TOSV have a common vector (Phlebotomus perniciosus), an epidemiologic link has been assumed for a long time. However, there is no scientific evidence of such a link between human leishmanios ... | 2011 | 21949894 |
| seroprevalence of toscana virus in dogs from corsica, france. | toscana virus (tosv) is an arbovirus belonging to the bunyaviridae, a family of negative-stranded, enveloped rna viruses. the virus can be transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected female sand fly of the genus phlebotomus. infections are usually asymptomatic but the virus is known to cause aseptic meningitis and/or meningo-encephalitis in the mediterranean countries. dogs are good sentinels for detection of viral circulation and are more easily accessible than wild animals. | 2016 | 27368162 |
| viral isolates of a novel putative phlebovirus in the marche region of italy. | thirty pools from 900 (540 females and 360 males) phlebotomus perfiliewi sandflies collected during the summer of 2012 in the fermo area (marche region, central italy) were tested for the presence of phleboviruses. a nested polymerase chain reaction was performed using degenerated primers amplifying a fragment of the polymerase gene (large segment) and a fragment of the nucleoprotein gene (small segment) of the genus phlebovirus. one pool was positive for toscana virus, as expected from results ... | 2014 | 24534812 |
| seroprevalence of sandfly-borne phleboviruses belonging to three serocomplexes (sandfly fever naples, sandfly fever sicilian and salehabad) in dogs from greece and cyprus using neutralization test. | phleboviruses transmitted by sandflies are endemic in the mediterranean area. the last decade has witnessed the description of an accumulating number of novel viruses. although, the risk of exposure of vertebrates is globally assessed, detailed geographic knowledge is poor even in greece and cyprus where sandfly fever has been recognized for a long time and repeatedly. a total of 1,250 dogs from mainland greece and greek archipelago on one hand and 422 dogs from cyprus on the other hand have bee ... | 2016 | 27783676 |
| diversity of phlebotomus perniciosus in provence, southeastern france: detection of two putative new phlebovirus sequences. | phlebotomine sand flies are known to transmit leishmania, bacteria, and viruses that affect humans and animals in many countries worldwide. sand fly-borne viruses belong mainly to the phlebovirus, vesiculovirus, and orbivirus genera, and some of them are associated with outbreaks or sporadic human cases in the mediterranean europe. up to now, toscana virus is the only phlebovirus of medical importance identified in france. to study the diversity of the sand fly population living in the southeast ... | 2013 | 23705585 |
| [acute encephalitis]. | acute encephalitis can be due to many causes, although most are viral, and is a medical emergency. a significant percentage remains without a definitive diagnosis due to the large number of etiologic agents. the single most frequent cause of sporadic encephalitis around the world is herpes simplex virus type 1, although in certain locations diverse local agents should be considered such as west nile virus or tick-borne encephalitis, among others. patients with encephalitis require intense care m ... | 2010 | 21129592 |
| [molecular epidemiology of phlebovirus in four provinces in morocco]. | sandflies are vectors of protozoa, viruses, and bacteria. to investigate the transmission of phleboviruses, a total of 8753 sandflies were collected in four foci of leishmania. a total of 16 distinct species were morphologically identified. nested-pcr and cell culture screening for phleboviruses, using an assay targeting the polymerase gene, showed positive results for 19 pools of sandflies. sequencing of the corresponding products confirmed the results and allowed identification of toscana viru ... | 2016 | 27193286 |
| toscana virus encephalitis following a holiday in sicily. | we report a case of toscana virus encephalitis. this emerging pathogen is among the three most common causes of meningoencephalitis in europe during the warm season, yet remains under-recognised. doctors should consider toscana virus infection in patients presenting with neurological symptoms who have a relevant exposure history during the summer months. | 2016 | 26647398 |
| seroprevalence of toscana virus in dogs from kabylia (algeria). | | 2016 | 26551844 |
| [acute toscana virus infection in an anti-hiv positive patient]. | sandfly fever is an infectious disease transmitted to people through sandfly bites. it usually takes three days and causes chills, high fever, headache, nausea-vomiting and myalgia. the causative agent, namely sandfly fever virus (sfv), is a member of the bunyaviridae family, phlebovirus genus. toscana virus (tosv) is a serotype of sfv, as so sicilian and naples viruses. seroprevalence studies have demonstrated that sfv infections which have mild symptoms or asymptomatic, can be overcome. studie ... | 2014 | 24506728 |
| serological association between leishmania infantum and sand fly fever sicilian (but not toscana) virus in sheltered dogs from southern portugal. | phlebotomine sand fly-borne diseases such as leishmanioses and phleboviruses are emerging threats to animal and public health. canine leishmaniosis caused by leishmania infantum is an endemic zoonosis in portugal. antibodies to toscana virus (tosv) and sand fly fever sicilian virus (sfsv) were also reported in dogs from the south of the country. the aim of this work was to evaluate a possible association between exposure to l. infantum, tosv and sfsv in sheltered dogs from the south of portugal. | 2017 | 28285587 |
| detection of leishmania infantum and a novel phlebovirus (balkan virus) from sand flies in albania. | to organize entomological campaigns to trap sand flies in selected regions of albania and to test them for the presence of existing or new phleboviruses and for leishmania dna. | 2016 | 27788062 |
| canine infections and partial s segment sequence analysis of toscana virus in turkey. | toscana virus (tosv) is a sandfly-borne bunyavirus with a significant public health impact. preliminary studies have revealed tosv exposure in dogs and they were suggested as potential reservoirs. this study was performed to characterize canine tosv infections in an endemic region. sequencing of tosv small (s) segment in several previously identified specimens was also undertaken to reveal viral genealogy. | 2016 | 27400226 |
| virus isolation, genetic characterization and seroprevalence of toscana virus in algeria. | toscana virus (tosv; bunyaviridae, phlebovirus) is transmitted by sandflies of the genus phlebotomus in the mediterranean area. one strain of tosv was isolated from a total of almost 23 000 sandflies collected in kabylia, algeria. the complete genome was sequenced, and phylogenetic studies indicated that it was most closely related with tosv strain from tunisia within lineage a, which also includes italian, french and turkish strains. a seroprevalence study performed on 370 sera collected from p ... | 2015 | 26235198 |
| a rapid and specific real time rt-pcr assay for diagnosis of toscana virus infection. | to scan a virus (tosv) belongs to the phlebovirus genus within the bunyaviridae family. tosv is an arbovirus transmitted by sandflies. in mediterranean countries, tosv is one of the major viral pathogens involved in aseptic meningitis and meningoencephalitis. | 2015 | 25866349 |
| genetic variability of the s segment of toscana virus. | toscana virus (tosv) was originally isolated in 1971 from a pool of phlebotomus perniciosus sandflies collected in grosseto province (central italy). since its first isolation, several studies have been conducted in italy and other mediterranean countries in order to identify its possible animal reservoirs, spread of infection and genetic variability. phylogenetic analysis conducted on tosv genome demonstrated the co-circulation of two major lineages in the mediterranean areas, tosv a and tosv b ... | 2015 | 25616048 |
| presence of sandflies infected with leishmania infantum and massilia virus in the marseille urban area. | leishmaniasis is considered a rural disease in europe. however, circumstantial evidence has indicated urban transmission of leishmaniasis and phleboviruses in the urban area of marseille, france. to investigate this urban transmission, sandflies were trapped in 33 locations in the urban area (horse farms, public gardens and a residential area). sandflies were always captured: 87.8% were phlebotomus perniciosus, a vector of leishmania infantum and toscana and massilia viruses. rt-pcr and cell cul ... | 2014 | 24107240 |
| phlebotomus sergenti a common vector of leishmania tropica and toscana virus in morocco. | an entomological study using cdc miniature light-traps was performed in el hanchane locality, where cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) was emerging during the summer of 2011. the aim of this study is to identify the vectors of leishmania and of phleboviruses. | 2014 | 24947214 |
| sensory polymyeloradiculopathy associated with toscana virus infection. | sandfly viruses are arthropod-borne viruses that are endemic in the mediterranean basin. the toscana virus (tosv) is the only serotype of sandfly viruses known to cause neurological symptoms in humans, usually aseptic meningitis or meningoencephalitis. we report a case of a 39-year-old man who was admitted to our department with progressive paresthesias of the lower limbs followed by dysesthesias of the upper thorax after a hiking trip to the netherlands. the patient had also been suffering from ... | 2013 | 24081884 |
| seroprevalence study of toscana virus and viruses belonging to the sandfly fever naples antigenic complex in central and southern italy. | sandfly fever viruses are transmitted by the bite of phlebotomine sandflies; serotypes sandfly fever naples virus, sandfly fever sicilian virus and sandfly fever cyprus virus cause febrile illness, whereas toscana virus (tosv) may cause neuroinvasive infections. although tosv is an important cause of aseptic meningitis in central and southern italy, in many cases the infection is asymptomatic, leading to underestimation of the actual spread of the virus. this serosurvey aimed to assess the serop ... | 2017 | 28237695 |
| complete coding sequences of six toscana virus strains isolated from human patients in france. | toscana virus (tosv) is an arthropod-borne phlebovirus belonging to the sandfly fever naples virus species (genus phlebovirus, family bunyaviridae). here, we report the complete coding sequences of six tosv strains isolated from human patients having acquired the infection in southeastern france during a 12-year period. | 2016 | 27231377 |
| toscana virus infections: a case series from france. | toscana virus (tosv) is a neglected sandfly-borne pathogen in mediterranean countries. although discovered four decades ago, articles that describe the clinical aspects are scarce and consist mostly of case reports, with few series of cases. we studied retrospectively symptomatic tosv infections in patients hospitalized in marseille (france) from 2004 to 2011. seventeen patients were classified as probable or confirmed cases. fourteen cases (82%) occurred between june and september, and 3 cases ... | 2014 | 24247068 |
| seroprevalence of toscana virus infection in tunisia. | the main objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of igg antibodies against toscana virus (tosv) by an elisa test and to determine the extent of its circulation in tunisia. | 2013 | 24103332 |
| first detection of toscana virus in corsica, france. | toscana virus (tosv) was detected for the first time from phlebotomus perniciosus sandflies in corsica, a french mediterranean island. genetic analysis showed that corsican tosv belongs to lineage a, together with italian, tunisian, turkish and other french strains. the demonstration of tosv in corsica indicates that autochthonous and tourist populations are at risk of infection. hence, physicians must consider tosv as a possible cause of aseptic meningitis and unidentified febrile illness durin ... | 2014 | 23992202 |
| [serological investigation of phlebovirus exposure in blood donors from the mediterranean province of mersin, turkey]. | phleboviruses are enveloped segmented rna viruses, capable of inducing febrile disease and/or meningoencephalitis in exposed individuals, according to the infecting strain, following transmission via arthropods. prototype medically-important phlebovirus strains responsible for sandfly fever are sandfly fever sicilian virus (sfsv) and sandfly fever naples virus (sfnv), where the sfsv variant sandfly fever cyprus virus (sfcv) is also detected in individuals with febrile disease. toscana virus (tos ... | 2015 | 26313281 |
| phlebovirus infections in greece. | sandfly fever viruses are endemic in the mediterranean region causing to humans asymptomatic or mild infections to severe neurological syndromes. in order to investigate the epidemiology of phlebovirus infections in greece, samples from 499 patients with acute febrile illness (50.2% accompanied by neurological symptoms) were tested during 2010-2014 by serological and molecular methods. phlebovirus infection was detected in 40 (8%) patients, 25 of them presenting acute neurological infection. mos ... | 2015 | 25733059 |