| transmembrane signaling by interferon alpha involves diacylglycerol production and activation of the epsilon isoform of protein kinase c in daudi cells. | the early events that occur after treatment of the highly interferon alpha (ifn-alpha)-sensitive human lymphoblastoid daudi cell line with human leukocyte ifn-alpha have been examined. ifn-alpha treatment of daudi cells results in a rapid and transient increase in the cellular content of diacylglycerol, which occurs in the absence of inositol phospholipid turnover, or an increase in intracellular calcium concentration. furthermore, ifn-alpha treatment results in a selective, time-dependent activ ... | 1991 | 1832772 |
| a subclass of cell surface carbohydrates revealed by a cho mutant with two glycosylation mutations. | a novel lectin-resistance phenotype was displayed by a lec10 chinese hamster ovary (cho) cell mutant that was selected for resistance to the erythroagglutinin, e-pha. biochemical and genetic analyses revealed that the phenotype results from the expression of two glycosylation mutations, lec10 and lec8. the lec10 mutation causes the appearance of n-acetylglucosaminyltransferase iii (glcnac-tiii) activity and the production of n-linked carbohydrates with a bisecting glcnac residue. the lec8 mutati ... | 1991 | 1838951 |
| nucleotide sequences of the 3' leader and 5' trailer regions of human respiratory syncytial virus genomic rna. | the nucleotide sequences of the 3' extracistronic (leader) and 5' extracistronic (trailer) regions were determined for genomic rna (vrna) of human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) strain a2. to sequence the 3' leader region, vrna was extracted from purified virions, size-selected, polyadenylated, copied into cdna, amplified by the polymerase chain reaction, cloned, and sequenced. the 3' leader sequence is 44 nt, which is somewhat shorter than its counterparts (50 to 70 nt) in other nonsegmented ... | 1991 | 1840712 |
| gamma interferon expression and major histocompatibility complex induction during measles and vesicular stomatitis virus infections of the brain. | lymphocytic interferon gamma (ifn-gamma) production and major histocompatibility complex (mhc) antigen induction were studied in experimental measles and vesicular stomatitis virus infections in the brain. fifteen-day-old sprague-dawley rats injected intracerebrally with the hnt strain of measles virus showed already within 1 day after infection an increased number of cells producing ifn-gamma in the spleen, cervical lymph nodes and leptomeninges. these rats recovered after a transient neuronal ... | 1991 | 1845767 |
| stable antiviral expression in balb/c 3t3 cells carrying a beta interferon sequence behind a major histocompatibility complex promoter fragment. | we are exploring the use of interferon (ifn) genes for somatic cell gene therapy and have investigated the possibility of transforming cells into low constitutive ifn producers over prolonged periods of time without impeding cell survival or replication. here we report the possibility of conferring a permanent antiviral state to cells by introducing an ifn-beta gene with a modified transcriptional control. this was achieved by placing the murine ifn-beta-coding sequence behind the ifn-inducible ... | 1991 | 1846190 |
| intracellular formation of two soluble glycoproteins in bhk cells infected with vesicular stomatitis virus serotype new jersey. | infection of bhk 21 cells with vsv serotype new jersey gave rise to three intracellular viral glycoproteins: the membrane-integrated g protein and the two soluble glycoproteins gs and gss which lacked the cytoplasmic and transmembrane domains as was deduced from limited chemical cleavage of the glycoproteins by hydroxylamine. both soluble glycoproteins were completely protected by the microsomal membrane against proteolytic digestion. the soluble glycoproteins were formed in the endoplasmic reti ... | 1991 | 1846493 |
| sequences of the vesicular stomatitis virus matrix protein involved in binding to nucleocapsids. | the purpose of these experiments was to study the physical structure of the nucleocapsid-m protein complex of vesicular stomatitis virus by analysis of nucleocapsid binding by wild-type and mutant m proteins and by limited proteolysis. we used the temperature-sensitive m protein mutant tso23 and six temperature-stable revertants of tso23 to test the effect of sequence changes on m protein binding to the nucleocapsid as a function of nacl concentration. the results showed that m proteins from wil ... | 1991 | 1847435 |
| pseudotype formation of murine leukemia virus with the g protein of vesicular stomatitis virus. | mixed infection of a cell by vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) and retroviruses results in the production of progeny virions bearing the genome of one virus encapsidated by the envelope proteins of the other. the mechanism for the phenomenon of pseudotype formation is not clear, although specific recognition of a viral envelope protein by the nucleocapsid of an unrelated virus is presumably involved. in this study, we used moloney murine leukemia virus (momlv)-based retroviral vectors encoding th ... | 1991 | 1847450 |
| association of a major transcriptional regulatory protein, icp4, of herpes simplex virus type 1 with the plasma membrane of virus-infected cells. | a major transcriptional regulatory protein, icp4, of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) is localized primarily within the nucleus soon after its synthesis. recent studies have shown that approximately 100 to 200 molecules of icp4 are located in the tegument region of purified virions (f. yao and r. j. courtney, j. virol. 63:3338-3344, 1989). as an extension to these studies, we present data suggesting that icp4 may also associate with the plasma membrane of hsv-1-infected cells. the experimenta ... | 1991 | 1847468 |
| cells that express all five proteins of vesicular stomatitis virus from cloned cdnas support replication, assembly, and budding of defective interfering particles. | an alternative approach to structure-function analysis of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) gene products and their interactions with one another during each phase of the viral life cycle is described. we showed previously by using the vaccinia virus-t7 rna polymerase expression system that when cells expressing the nucleocapsid protein (n), the phosphoprotein (ns), and the large polymerase protein (l) of vsv were superinfected with defective interfering (di) particles, rapid and efficient replic ... | 1991 | 1847519 |
| inactivation of viruses in blood with aluminum phthalocyanine derivatives. | the inactivation of viruses added to whole blood and a red cell concentrate with aluminum phthalocyanine and its sulfonated derivatives was studied. a cell-free form of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv), used as a model, was completely inactivated (greater than 10(4) infectious units; tcid50) on treatment of whole blood with 10 microm (10 mumol/l) aluminum phthalocyanine chloride (aips) and visible light dosage of 88 to 176 j per cm2. at 44 j per cm2, complete vsv inactivation was achieved on rai ... | 1991 | 1847558 |
| chemically induced viral resistance in single preimplantation bovine embryos. | viral mrna encoding vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein sequences was detected and quantitated using a dna-hybridization dot-blot technique. this assay was employed to determine if the synthetic double-stranded polynucleotide complex of polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid would elicit viral resistance in vitro in single day 9 bovine embryos. the levels of viral mrna were assayed in 4 groups of bovine embryos: unexposed, virus-exposed, polynucleotide-treated, and virus plus polynucleotide ... | 1991 | 1847800 |
| cloning and expression of the vesicular stomatitis virus phosphoprotein gene in escherichia coli: analysis of phosphorylation status versus transcriptional activity. | the phosphoprotein (p, previously known as ns) genes of vesicular stomatitis virus serotypes new jersey and indiana have been cloned in the escherichia coli expression vector pet-3a. transcription of p genes in these clones initiated from a phage t7 rna polymerase promoter, whereas translation was driven by the shine-dalgarno sequence and the initiator aug codon of the t7 gene 10 message. the clones were introduced into an appropriate e. coli strain in which t7 rna polymerase was expressed under ... | 1991 | 1848304 |
| dissociation and reassociation of oligomeric viral glycoprotein subunits in the endoplasmic reticulum. | the vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) glycoprotein (g) forms noncovalently linked trimers in the endoplasmic reticulum (er) prior to transport to the cell surface. here we examined the formation of heterotrimers between wild-type and mutant subunits that were retained in the er by c-terminal retention signals. when g protein was coexpressed with mutant subunits that formed trimers at the wild-type rate and were transported from the er at the wild-type rate, heterotrimers were readily detected. in ... | 1991 | 1848313 |
| sequence of the major nucleocapsid protein gene of pneumonia virus of mice: sequence comparisons suggest structural homology between nucleocapsid proteins of pneumoviruses, paramyxoviruses, rhabdoviruses and filoviruses. | the complete nucleotide sequence of gene 3 of pneumonia virus of mice has been determined, and the 5' end of the mrna mapped using a modification of the polymerase chain reaction technique. the gene contains a single open reading frame, beginning with a 5'-proximal aug initiation codon, encoding a polypeptide with a predicted mr of 43141. expression of the gene 3 protein in escherichia coli and in vitro showed that it reacted with virus-specific antiserum and comigrated with the major nucleocaps ... | 1991 | 1848602 |
| cerulenin, an inhibitor of lipid synthesis, blocks vesicular stomatitis virus rna replication. | the replication of genomes of animal viruses in the cytoplasm of susceptible cells is usually coupled to specialized membrane structures. the inhibitor of lipid synthesis cerulenin blocks the formation of vesicular stomatitis virus polypeptides when added to cells soon after virus entry, but has much less effect on viral translation, or the acylation of the glycoprotein g, when cerulenin is added later during infection. by contrast, cerulenin powerfully blocks viral rna synthesis or the incorpor ... | 1991 | 1849089 |
| membrane-anchored form of v-sis/pdgf-b induces mitogenesis without detectable pdgf receptor autophosphorylation. | the v-sis protein is structurally and functionally related to pdgf. forms of the v-sis protein which are anchored to the cell membrane via the transmembrane domain of the vesicular stomatitis virus g protein have been previously described (hannink, m., and d.j. donoghue. 1986. j. cell biol. 103:2311-2322). several of these fusion proteins were shown to interact productively with the pdgf receptor (pdgfr) based on their ability to transform nih 3t3 cells. in this report, we further characterized ... | 1991 | 1849139 |
| autoantigenicity of ro/ssa antigen is related to a nucleocapsid protein of vesicular stomatitis virus. | the fine specificity of a reference human anti-ro/ssa autoantibody-containing serum has been analyzed by using sequential overlapping octapeptides from the human 60-kda ro/ssa antigen. from preliminary data, the most antigenic octapeptide in the carboxyl-terminal 120 amino acid residues of ro/ssa shares seven of eight amino acids with the nucleocapsid (n) protein from the indiana serotype of vesicular stomatitis virus. a sequence comparison of ro/ssa and n has unexpectedly revealed six small pep ... | 1991 | 1849652 |
| assembly and transcription of synthetic vesicular stomatitis virus nucleocapsids. | the functional template for transcription of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) rna is a ribonucleoprotein particle (nucleocapsid) consisting of the negative-strand sense genomic rna completely encapsidated by the viral nucleocapsid (n) protein. as an approach to create nucleocapsids in vitro, we demonstrate here the specific encapsidation by purified n protein of in vitro-synthesized rna sequences representing the 5' end of both the negative- and positive-strand vsv genome-length rnas. as few as ... | 1991 | 1850004 |
| intracellular distribution of input vesicular stomatitis virus proteins after uncoating. | we have examined the fate of input viral proteins following the uncoating of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) by immunofluorescence microscopy, immunoelectron microscopy, and cell fractionation. vsv was adsorbed to bhk cells and allowed to become internalized in the presence of 100 mm nh4cl; the nh4cl was then removed to initiate synchronized uncoating. the three major structural proteins of vsv, the matrix protein (m), the nucleocapsid protein (n), and the glycoprotein (g), were each distribute ... | 1991 | 1850035 |
| lateral diffusion of membrane-spanning and glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked proteins: toward establishing rules governing the lateral mobility of membrane proteins. | in the plasma membrane of animal cells, many membrane-spanning proteins exhibit lower lateral mobilities than glycosylphosphatidylinositol (gpi)-linked proteins. to determine if the gpi linkage was a major determinant of the high lateral mobility of these proteins, we measured the lateral diffusion of chimeric membrane proteins composed of normally transmembrane proteins that were converted to gpi-linked proteins, or gpi-linked proteins that were converted to membrane-spanning proteins. these st ... | 1991 | 1680869 |
| multiple preprosomatostatin sorting signals mediate secretion via discrete camp- and tetradecanoylphorbolacetate-responsive pathways. | we have previously detected a sorting signal in the amino-terminal 78 residues of rat preprosomatostatin (rppss) that targets the precursor into a regulated secretory pathway or pathways allowing proteolytic maturation (sevarino, k. a., stork, p., ventimiglia, r., mandel, g., and goodman, r. h. (1989) cell 57, 11-19). to further localize this signal, we constructed three rppss expression vectors that code for substitutions or mutations spanning that portion of rppss implicated in sorting, and th ... | 1991 | 1680862 |
| production of two species of interferon by large white and meishan pig conceptuses during the peri-attachment period. | antiviral activities present in uterine flushings from pregnant large white, large white 'hyperprolific', and prolific meishan gilts, between days 8 and 20 of gestation were compared. flushings (20 ml) from all gilts between days 14 and 20 were positive in an in-vitro interferon (ifn) assay using vesicular stomatitis virus as a challenge infection. highest antiviral activities (of up to 400,000-1,200,000 total units/flushing) were obtained at day 16 of gestation, i.e. clearly after the beginning ... | 1991 | 1707458 |
| natural killer-mediated lysis of some but not all hsv-1- or vsv-infected targets requires the participation of hla-dr-positive accessory cells. | natural killer (nk)-mediated lysis of herpes simplex virus type 1-infected fibroblasts (hsv-fs) has been previously shown to require the co-operation of cd16-positive nk cells and an hla-dr-positive accessory cell population. in contrast, lysis of k562 tumour cells requires the presence of only the leu-11-positive cells. in the current study, targets of different morphologies, both virally infected and non-infected, were tested in an attempt to dissect out which target characteristics determine ... | 1991 | 1851136 |
| impaired interferon-alpha production in whole-blood cultures from bladder cancer patients. | interferon-alpha (ifn-alpha) production was investigated in whole-blood cultures of 66 bladder cancer patients and 65 control subjects. ifn synthesis was induced with sendai virus, and ifn activity was assayed in fl cells challenged with vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv). the mean levels of the ifn-alpha produced were 5,724 +/- 2,288 iu/ml in the control subjects and 4,800 +/- 2,353 iu/ml in the bladder cancer patients. ifn-alpha production was significantly suppressed in the bladder cancer patie ... | 1991 | 1851348 |
| inactivation of viruses in platelet suspensions that retain their in vitro characteristics: comparison of psoralen-ultraviolet a and merocyanine 540-visible light methods. | the ability of two fundamentally different photochemical procedures to inactivate model viruses in platelet suspensions was compared. merocyanine 540 (mc 540) with visible light was used as an example of an oxygen-dependent chemical-directed at the viral membrane, and aminomethyl trimethyl psoralen (amt) with ultraviolet a light (uva) was used as an example of a nucleic acid-directed system. antiviral conditions in petri dishes were identified and the effects of these procedures on platelet susp ... | 1991 | 1853439 |
| inhibition of influenza virus formation by a peptide that corresponds to sequences in the cytoplasmic domain of the hemagglutinin. | a decapeptide with a sequence corresponding to the cytoplasmic domain of the influenza virus hemagglutinin inhibited the release of virus particles and infectious virions when added to infected cultured cells for a 2-hr period during a one-cycle growth. inhibition was dose-dependent in the range of 50 to 250 micrograms/ml. the peptide did not affect formation of intracellular virus-specific proteins or assembly of nucleocapsids and did not inhibit replication of two unrelated enveloped rna virus ... | 1991 | 1853575 |
| membrane-anchored forms of egf stimulate focus formation and intercellular communication. | epidermal growth factor (egf) is the prototype for a small family of soluble proteins that bind to and activate the egf receptor. these proteins are derived from larger propeptides that are anchored to the plasma membrane. although the signalling properties of soluble egf are well-characterized, the signalling potential of the membrane-anchored form had not been determined. we therefore investigated whether membrane-anchored egf can stimulate the egf receptor. an egf mini-gene expression system ... | 1991 | 1861865 |
| analysis of protein transport through the golgi in a reconstituted cell-free system. | the processes which transport membrane proteins between compartments of the golgi apparatus have been reconstituted in vitro using isolated golgi fractions. this cell-free system allows a detailed analysis of protein transport not possible in intact cells. transport of the membrane glycoprotein (g protein) of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) is measured from a "donor" to an "acceptor" golgi fraction. the donor golgi fraction is prepared from vsv-infected chinese hamster ovary (cho) mutant cells ... | 1991 | 1901603 |
| characteristics of fusion of respiratory syncytial virus with hep-2 cells as measured by r18 fluorescence dequenching assay. | the characteristics of fusion of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) with hep-2 cells were studied by the r18 fluorescence dequenching assay of membrane fusion. a gradual increase in fluorescence intensity indicative of virion-cell fusion was observed when r18-labeled rsv was incubated with hep-2 cells. approximately 35% dequenching of the probe fluorescence was observed in 1 h at 37 degrees c. fusion showed a temperature dependence, with significant dequenching occurring above 18 degrees c. the d ... | 1991 | 1906550 |
| biophysical studies of the complexes of polyriboguanylic acid with brominated and chlorinated polyribocytidylic acids. | conformation of double-stranded complexes of polyriboguanylic acid with halogenated polyribocytidylic acid [poly(c)] was studied with the aid of differential pulse polarography, terbium fluorescence and circular dichroism spectrometry. it was shown that halogenation at c(5) of cytosine residues in poly(c) disturbed the ordered structure of the double-helical complex. in addition, this halogenation does not improve antiviral activity of the polynucleotide complex studied in the system of vesicula ... | 1991 | 1912288 |
| virucidal levels of ozone induce hemolysis and hemoglobin degradation. | the animal virus, vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv), and the bacterial virus, phi 6, were inactivated by greater than 4 log10 in response to incubation with 13 to 14 ml of 1.4 mmol per l (65 micrograms/ml) to 1.6 mmol per l (75 micrograms/ml) of overlaid ozone in virus-spiked, dilute, red cell suspensions. virus inactivation was greatly inhibited when ozone was overlaid in the presence of high-hematocrit red cells or, to a lesser degree, high levels of plasma. at hematocrits at which 5 to 6 log10 ... | 1991 | 1926321 |
| the expression and regulation of class ii antigens in normal and inflammatory bowel disease peripheral blood monocytes and intestinal epithelium. | elevated constitutive expression of major histocompatibility (mhc) class ii antigens occurs in the enterocytes of patients with ibd. it has been suggested that this aberrant expression of class ii molecules may play a role in the pathogenesis of ibd. we examined two possible reasons for such a finding. 1) heightened sensitivity of ibd enterocytes to endogenous gamma interferon (gamma ifn) and 2) enhanced endogenous secretion of gamma interferon by intestinal cells in close proximity to the enter ... | 1991 | 1932520 |
| [plants as a source of research in antiviral activity. example of the haemanthus albiflos bulb]. | the antiviral potency of an hydroalcoholic extract from haemanthus albiflos (amaryllidaceae) bulb was investigated. experimentations were conducted on continuous cell lines (bgm, ma 104, hep 2) seeded in microplates. three viruses from the rna group (poliovirus type i, vesicular stomatitis virus type 11 and simian rotavirus sa 11) and two from the dna group (adenovirus type 5, herpes simplex virus type 1) were tested. important reduction in yield of viral infectivity was observed with the rna gr ... | 1991 | 1933468 |
| identification of an intermediate compartment involved in protein transport from endoplasmic reticulum to golgi apparatus. | we have studied the role of a previously described tubulovesicular compartment near the cis-golgi apparatus in endoplasmic reticulum (er)-to-golgi protein transport by light and immunoelectron microscopy in vero cells. the compartment is defined by a 53-kda transmembrane protein designated p53. when transport of the vesicular stomatitis virus strain ts045 g protein was arrested at 39.5 degrees c, the g protein accumulated in the er but had access to the p53 compartment. at 15 degrees c, the g pr ... | 1990 | 1964413 |
| potentiation of the antiviral activity of poly r(a-u) by xanthene dyes. | ten xanthene dyes (xan) are evaluated for their ability to potentiate the antiviral activity of poly r(a-u) using a human foreskin fibroblast-vesicular stomatitis virus bioassay in which the xan is combined with 0.2 mm poly r(a-u) to produce a xan/ribonucleotide ratio of 1/4. four of the ten xans tested in this study, rhodamine 123, rhodamine b, rhodamine 6g and sulforhodamine b, enhance the antiviral activity of poly r(a-u) 8- to 15-fold. the interferon-inducing activity of the four active xan/ ... | 1990 | 1964628 |
| the priming effect of human interferon-alpha is mediated by protein kinase c. | human embryo fibroblasts (hef) were primed when treated with a synthetic diacylglycerol, oag, or the phorbol esters tpa or dbp. these primed hef produce more interferon-beta (ifn-beta) in response to poly(ri).poly(rc), or poly(ra).poly(ru), added 1 h or 18 h later. these priming agents are activators of protein kinase c (pkc). a pkc inhibitor, h-7, blocked their priming effects and also those of human ifn-alpha. two phorbol esters, 4pdd and 4p, that did not activate pkc did not prime hef cells. ... | 1990 | 1964949 |
| d2d, a d-end class i gene: tissue expression and alternative processing of the pre-mrna. | the h-2d region in the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) of the balb/c mouse includes at least five class i genes: dd, d2d, d3d, d4d, and ld. the pattern of expression and functions of the d2d, d3d, and d4d genes are not known. to examine the expression of d2d we obtained mouse l cells transfected with a wildtype d2d gene or an exon shufled d2d/d2d/dd gene that contained exons encoding the alpha 1 and alpha 2 domains of d2d and the alpha 3 domain of h-2dd. analysis of the mrna in transfecte ... | 1990 | 1965142 |
| biological activity of oligonucleotide-poly(l-lysine) conjugates: mechanism of cell uptake. | we have previously shown that antisense oligomers linked to poly(l-lysine) (pll) exhibit antiviral properties against vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) at concentrations lower than 1 microm. the conjugation to pll provides an interesting alternative to natural or neutral oligomers to increase the biological effects of antisense oligomers. the internalization pathway of oligomer-pll conjugates as compared to unconjugated oligomers has been studied in l929 cells. in parallel to their enhanced antiv ... | 1990 | 1965625 |
| structure and in vitro antiviral activity of sesquiterpene glycosides from calendula arvensis. | previous research on the aerial parts of calendula arvensis led to the isolation of the epicubebol glycoside 1 and of the sesquiterpene glycosides 2-5 based on the alloaromadendrane skeleton. a further investigation has revealed two new glycosides, 6 and 7, derived from the same sesquiterpene, the structures of which were elucidated by spectral studies. furthermore a series of antiviral tests has been performed on glycosides 1-7 by examining their ability to interfere with rhinovirus 1b and vesi ... | 1990 | 1965654 |
| host cell-dependent lateral mobility of viral glycoproteins. | the lateral mobility of viral envelope proteins on the plasma membranes of infected cells is an important factor in both virus assembly and pathogenesis. the envelope glycoproteins of measles and human parainfluenza virus are mobile on the surfaces of infected hela cells and undergo lateral redistribution in the presence of specific antibody, forming unipolar caps. in contrast, no such redistribution was observed with influenza virus hemagglutinin (ha) or vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) g glyco ... | 1990 | 1965847 |
| photosensitization of cultured cells and viruses by pyrene lipids. | administration of pyrene-linked fatty acids and lipids to cultured cells or an enveloped (vesicular stomatitis) virus induced photosensitization which, following irradiation with a long ultra-violet light (luv), resulted in killing of the cells and loss of the infectivity of the virus with the following specific effects. (i) luv illumination of the pyrene-sphingomyelin administered cultured skin fibroblasts derived from normal individuals and patients with niemann-pick disease permitted selectiv ... | 1990 | 1966337 |
| isolation of vesicular stomatitis virus new jersey serotype from phlebotomine sand flies in georgia. | vesicular stomatitis virus new jersey serotype (vsnj virus) was isolated from 6 of 610 pools of phlebotomine sand flies (lutzomyia shannoni) collected on ossabaw island, ga. all isolates were from non-blooded females. infected sand flies were collected at 6 sites at 5 separate times from 3 june through 25 july 1988. thirty-five pools of culicoides ssp. and 48 pools of mosquitoes obtained in conjunction with the infected sand flies also were evaluated for vsnj virus; all were negative. concomitan ... | 1990 | 1971158 |
| microtubule perturbation inhibits intracellular transport of an apical membrane glycoprotein in a substrate-dependent manner in polarized madin-darby canine kidney epithelial cells. | the effects of microtubule perturbation on the transport of two different viral glycoproteins were examined in infected madin-darby canine kidney (mdck) cells grown on both permeable and solid substrata. quantitative biochemical analysis showed that the microtubule-depolymerizing drug nocodazole inhibited arrival of influenza hemagglutinin on the apical plasma membrane in mdck cells grown on both substrata. in contrast, the microtubule-stabilizing drug taxol inhibited apical appearance of hemagg ... | 1990 | 1983109 |
| reconstitution of constitutive secretion using semi-intact cells: regulation by gtp but not calcium. | regulated exocytosis in many permeabilized cells can be triggered by calcium and nonhydrolyzable gtp analogues. here we examine the role of these effectors in exocytosis of constitutive vesicles using a system that reconstitutes transport between the trans-golgi region and the plasma membrane. transport is assayed by two independent methods: the movement of a transmembrane glycoprotein (vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein [vsv g protein]) to the cell surface; and the release of a soluble mar ... | 1991 | 1986006 |
| avian cells expressing the murine mx1 protein are resistant to influenza virus infection. | the cdna encoding the murine mx1 protein, a mediator of resistance to influenza virus, was inserted into a replication-competent avian retroviral vector in either the sense (referred to as mx+) or the antisense (referred to as mx-) orientation relative to the viral structural genes. both vectors produced virus retaining the mx insert (mx recombinant viruses referred to as mx+ and mx-) following transfection into chicken embryo fibroblasts (cef). mx protein of the appropriate size and nuclear loc ... | 1991 | 1989389 |
| effects of hypertonic and sodium-free medium on transport of a membrane glycoprotein along the secretory pathway in cultured mammalian cells. | incubation of cultured cells in hypertonic medium and sodium-free medium have been shown to block transport at two different stages along the endocytic pathway. to determine the effects of these treatments on the exocytic pathway, we studied the transport of the membrane glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv-g) in cells infected with tso45 mutant virus. this mutant synthesizes a vsv-g that accumulates in the endoplasmic reticulum (er) when cells are incubated at 39.5 degrees c. in addi ... | 1991 | 1990018 |
| characterization of feline conceptus proteins during pregnancy. | this study characterized proteins secreted de novo by feline conceptuses collected on days 10, 12, and 15 (n = 22, preimplantation blastocysts); days 15, 16, 17, 19, 21, and 25 (n = 6, postimplantation zonary girdle [zg] i.e. trophoblast and endometrium); and days 30, 36, 39, and 50 (n = 5, postimplantation zg and free chorioallantois [ca]) and cultured in minimal essential medium. de novo secretion was shown by incorporation of 3h-leucine into proteins detected in culture media by 2d-page and f ... | 1991 | 2015342 |
| inactivation of lipid-enveloped viruses in proteins by caprylate. | the use of caprylate for the inactivation of lipid-enveloped viruses in biologically active proteins both plasma derived and produced by cell culture was evaluated. viruses consisted of herpes simplex virus type i, vesicular stomatitis virus, vaccinia virus, and sindbis virus. utilizing the dissociation reaction and varying the concentration of the ionized form of caprylate, a specific amount of the nonionized form of caprylate was maintained over a wide ph range. virus-spiked protein solutions ... | 1991 | 2031341 |
| quantitation of relative fitness and great adaptability of clonal populations of rna viruses. | we describe a sensitive, internally controlled method for comparing the genetic adaptability and relative fitness of virus populations in constant or changing host environments. certain monoclonal antibody-resistant mutants of vesicular stomatitis virus can compete equally during serial passages in mixtures with the parental wild-type clone from which they were derived. these genetically marked "surrogate wild-type" neutral mutants, when mixed with wild-type virus, allow reliable measurement of ... | 1991 | 2033662 |
| mechanism of antiviral and cytotoxic action of (+/-)-6' beta-fluoroaristeromycin, a potent inhibitor of s-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase. | (+/-)-6' beta-fluoroaristeromycin (f-c-ado) is a potent and competitive inhibitor of purified s-adenosylhomocysteine (adohcy) hydrolase isolated from murine l929 cells (ki = 3.1 nm). it also inhibits vaccinia virus and vesicular stomatitis virus replication in l929 cells, at a 90% inhibitory dose (id90) of 3.5 and 13 microm, respectively. considering the close correlation that has been found between ki and id90 for other adohcy hydrolase inhibitors [biochem. pharmacol. 38:1061-1067 (1989)], f-c- ... | 1991 | 2051990 |
| sequence analysis of the polymerase l gene of human respiratory syncytial virus and predicted phylogeny of nonsegmented negative-strand viruses. | the complete nucleotide sequence of the large (l) polymerase gene of human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) strain a2 was determined by analysis of cloned-cdnas representing the entire gene and confirmed in part by dideoxy sequencing of genomic rna. the rsv l gene is 6578 nucleotides in length and contains a single major open reading frame that encodes a protein of 2165 amino acids. the molecular weight (250,226) and amino acid composition of the deduced rsv l protein are similar to those of ot ... | 1991 | 2053282 |
| membrane traffic between secretory compartments is differentially affected during mitosis. | membrane traffic has been shown to be regulated during cell division. in particular, with the use of viral membrane proteins as markers, endoplasmic reticulum (er)-to-golgi transport in mitotic cells has been shown to be essentially blocked. however, the effect of mitosis on other steps in the secretory pathway is less clear, because an early block makes examination of following steps difficult. here, we report studies on the functional characteristics of secretory pathways in mitotic mammalian ... | 1990 | 2099191 |
| comparison of the replication of distinct strains of human coronavirus oc43 in organotypic human colon cells (caco-2) and mouse intestine. | three strains of human coronavirus (hcv) oc43 were compared for their ability to cause enteric infections and to induce interferon alpha (ifn alpha) using the caco-2 human colon carcinoma cell line which exhibits spontaneous epithelial differentiation in vitro. mrc-5 cell culture grown stocks were prepared from: 1. cv paris, a strain of oc43 recovered from an outbreak of necrotizing enterocolitis in newborns. 2. cv mb, a neurotropic strain of oc43 which exhibits strict neuronal specificity in mu ... | 1990 | 2103102 |
| brefeldin a arrests the intracellular transport of viral envelope proteins in primary cultured rat hepatocytes and hepg2 cells. | we have studied the effect of brefeldin a (bfa) on the intracellular transport of the envelope proteins of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) and sindbis virus in primary cultured rat hepatocytes. bfa (2.5 micrograms/ml) inhibited not only the secretion of plasma proteins into the medium, but also the assembly of both g protein of vsv and e1 and e2 proteins (envelope proteins) of sindbis virus into respective virions. concomitantly, both the acquisition of endo-beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase h resis ... | 1990 | 2105715 |
| comparison of persistence of seven bovine viruses on bovine embryos following in vitro exposure. | the ability of seven cytopathic strains of bovine viruses to adhere to the zona pellucida of six-to-eight day-old bovine embryos were compared. embryos were exposed to virus by placing them either in virus suspensions or by culturing them on infected bovine turbinate cultures for 18-24 h. after exposure to bovine virus diarrhea virus (bvdv), infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (ibv), bluetongue virus (btv), pseudorabies virus (prv), vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv), parainfluenza 3 virus (pi ... | 1990 | 2107070 |
| antiviral and antiproliferative properties of liposome-associated human interferon-gamma. | recombinant human interferon-gamma (rhuifn-gamma) was associated with liposomes in an attempt to improve its therapeutic efficiency. it was associated with liposomes composed of phosphatidylserine (ps) and phosphatidylcholine (pc) at a ratio of 3:7, and of ps:pc and cholesterol (chol) at a ratio of 1:4:5 with efficiencies of 13% and 21%, respectively. the lipid composition influenced the antiviral activity of the liposome-complexed ifn-gamma tested against vesicular stomatitis virus. ifn associa ... | 1990 | 2111353 |
| interferon-alpha/beta and rickettsia prowazekii: induction and sensitivity. | rickettsia prowazekii madrid e established persistent infections in cultures of growing l-929 cells. although some l-929 cells died, the cultures survived, remained infected with rickettsiae, and continued to grow. r. prowazekii madrid e also induced interferon in l-929 cell cultures, and this interferon modulated rickettsial growth. production of interferon (anti-viral activity) by cultures of r. prowazekii-infected l-929 cells was directly related to the initial rickettsial infection and was b ... | 1990 | 2116101 |
| sequential intermediates in the transport of protein between the endoplasmic reticulum and the golgi. | semi-intact cells, a cell population in which the plasma membrane is perforated to expose intact intracellular organelles (beckers, c. j. m., keller, d. s., and balch, w. e. (1987) cell 50, 523-534), efficiently reconstitute vesicular trafficking of protein from the endoplasmic reticulum (er) to the cis golgi compartment. we now extend these studies to biochemically dissect transport of protein between the er and the golgi into a series of sequential intermediate steps involved in the budding an ... | 1990 | 2120230 |
| immunomodulatory characteristics of a novel antiproliferative protein, suppressin. | we investigated the immunoregulatory properties of a recently described inhibitor of lymphocyte proliferation, suppressin (spn). it was determined that preincubation of murine leukocytes with spn enhances natural killer cell (nk) activity. in addition, spn potentiates interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) augmentation of nk activity. furthermore, preincubation of murine leukocytes with spn induces the production of ifn-alpha/beta. the ifn-alpha/beta produced is active in nk assays as well as vesicular st ... | 1990 | 2121798 |
| interferon-gamma gene and protein are spontaneously expressed by the porcine trophectoderm early in gestation. | the nature and the source of the antiviral activity found in the reproductive tract of pregnant gilts early in gestation were analyzed. two antigenically distinct antiviral activities were found in uterine flushings and in supernatants of conceptus-conditioned culture medium between days 12 and 20 of gestation, using madin darby bovine kidney cells and vesicular stomatitis virus as a challenge in the antiviral bioassay. one component was antigenically identified as interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma). ... | 1990 | 2123793 |
| an epstein-barr virus immortalization associated gene segment interferes specifically with the ifn-induced anti-proliferative response in human b-lymphoid cell lines. | immortalization of human b-lymphocytes by epstein-barr virus (ebv) is associated with a decreased anti-proliferative response to interferon (ifn). in the present investigation we show that the resistance to the anti-proliferative effect of ifn class i on certain ebv-carrying burkitt lymphoma cell lines is connected to the presence of the ebna-2 gene and parts of the ebna-5 gene of the ebv genome. transfection of the genomic segment comprising these open reading frames into an ifn-sensitive lymph ... | 1990 | 2153074 |
| solubility of vesicular stomatitis virus m protein in the cytosol of infected cells or isolated from virions. | the peripheral membrane m protein of vesicular stomatitis virus purified by detergent extraction of virions and ion-exchange chromatography was determined to be a monomer in the absence of detergent at high salt concentrations. reduction of the ionic strength below 0.2 m resulted in a rapid aggregation of m protein. this self-association was reversible by the detergent triton x-100 even in low salt. however, aggregation was not reversible by high salt concentration alone. m protein is initially ... | 1990 | 2153251 |
| t helper cells in cytotoxic t lymphocyte development: role of l3t4(+)-dependent and -independent t helper cell pathways in virus-specific and alloreactive cytotoxic t lymphocyte responses. | i have compared the requirements for t helper (th) cell function during the generation of virus-specific and alloreactive cytotoxic thymus (t)-derived lymphocyte (ctl) responses. restimulation of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv)-immune t cells (vsv memory ctls) with vsv-infected stimulators resulted in the generation of class i-restricted, vsv-specific ctls. progression of vsv memory ctls (lyt-1-2+) into vsv-specific ctls required inductive signals derived from vsv-induced, lyt-1+2- th cells bec ... | 1990 | 2153464 |
| cholesterol and vesicular stomatitis virus g protein take separate routes from the endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane. | transport of newly synthesized cholesterol and vesicular stomatitis virus g protein from the endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane is interrupted by incubation at 15 degrees c. under this condition the newly synthesized molecules accumulate in both the endoplasmic reticulum (er) and a subcellular vesicle fraction of low density called the lipid-rich vesicle fraction. the material in the lipid-rich vesicle fraction appears to be a post-er intermediate in the transport process to the plasma ... | 1990 | 2153669 |
| the nucleocapsid protein of vesicular stomatitis virus isolated from the brains of nude mice is responsible for abated viral rna synthesis at the normal body temperature of mice. | six temperature-sensitive mutants of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) were isolated from the central nervous system (cns) of athymic nude mice. the nude mice had been reconstituted with syngeneic t lymphocytes and then infected with a temperature-sensitive mutant of vsv, tsg31-ks5 vsv, for 20 days. in bhk-21 cells incubated at 38 degrees c, the normal body temperature of mice, all six cns virus clones had diminished rna synthesis, when compared to rna production in bhk-21 cells incubated at 31 d ... | 1990 | 2154537 |
| phenotypic mixing between human immunodeficiency virus and vesicular stomatitis virus or herpes simplex virus. | superinfection of h9 cells persistently infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) with thermolabile vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) or herpes simplex virus (hsv) led to the synthesis of hybrid progeny. these phenotypic mixtures were able to infect hela or chinese hamster ovary cell lines, leading to the production of hiv p24 antigen and infectious hiv. this production was abrogated by prior incubation of the phenotypic mixtures with antiserum against vsv or hsv, as well as by incubation ... | 1990 | 2154577 |
| cloning and sequence analyses of cdnas for interferon- and virus-induced human mx proteins reveal that they contain putative guanine nucleotide-binding sites: functional study of the corresponding gene promoter. | the human protein p78 is induced and accumulated in cells treated with type i interferon or with some viruses. it is the human homolog of the mouse mx protein involved in resistance to influenza virus. a full-length cdna clone encoding the human p78 protein was cloned and sequenced. it contained an open reading frame of 662 amino acids, corresponding to a polypeptide with a predicted molecular weight of 75,500, in good agreement with the mr of 78,000 determined on sodium dodecyl sulfate gels for ... | 1990 | 2154602 |
| inhibition of vesicular stomatitis virus replication in dexamethasone-treated l929 cells. | we previously demonstrated that dexamethasone treatment of l929 cells inhibited plaque formation by vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv), encephalomyocarditis virus, or vaccinia virus. we now have characterized the antiviral effects of glucocorticoids in l929 cells. dexamethasone did not directly inactivate vsv nor did steroid treatment of l929 cells affect virion adsorption or penetration. the vsv yield in l929 cells treated with dexamethasone for a period of only 4 or 8 hr was decreased by 50% whe ... | 1990 | 2154755 |
| the g protein of vesicular stomatitis virus has free access into and egress from the smooth endoplasmic reticulum of ut-1 cells. | we have investigated the role of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ser) of ut-1 cells in the biogenesis of the glycoprotein (g) of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv). using immunofluorescence microscopy, we observed the wild type g protein in the ser of infected cells. when these cells were infected with the mutant vsv strain ts045, the g protein was unable to reach the golgi apparatus at 40 degrees c, but was able to exit the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rer) and accumulate in the ser. ribophorin ... | 1990 | 2155242 |
| a minor microtubule-associated protein is responsible for the stimulation of vesicular stomatitis virus transcription in vitro. | an activity found in bovine brain microtubule-associated proteins (maps) which stimulated vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) transcription in vitro co-eluted from a gel filtration column (sepharose cl-6b) with a minor map subset of an apparent mr of 100,000 to 250,000. the activity did not appear to be closely associated with maps 1, maps 2, tau or tubulin. anti-maps 1 and anti-maps 2 igg did not reduce or abolish the stimulatory activity. the bovine brain maps stimulatory activity was similar to ... | 1990 | 2155285 |
| enhancement of the antiviral activity of poly r(a-u) by ametantrone and mitoxantrone. | the role of ametantrone (haq) and mitoxantrone (dhaq) in modulating the antiviral and interferon-inducing activities of poly r(a-u) was examined using the human foreskin fibroblast-vesicular stomatitis virus (hsf-vsv) bioassay system in which the concentration of poly r(a-u) was fixed at 0.05 mm or 0.2 mm while the haq or dhaq concentration was varied to produce variable haq (or dhaq)/ribonucleotide ratios ranging from 1:16 to 2:1. haq, dhaq and poly r(a-u) tested individually were not efficacio ... | 1990 | 2155366 |
| nucleotide sequence analysis of the l gene of vesicular stomatitis virus (new jersey serotype): identification of conserved domains in l proteins of nonsegmented negative-strand rna viruses. | we have determined the nucleotide sequence of the l gene of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv), new jersey serotype (ogden strain) by primer extension dideoxy sequencing of the genomic rna with reverse transcriptase. this analysis completes the entire genomic sequence of the vsvnj (ogden). comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence of this l protein with those reported for l proteins of indiana serotype and hazelhurst strain of new jersey serotype revealed an extensive sequence similarity among ... | 1990 | 2155516 |
| uptake and degradation of virus-associated fluorescent sulfatide by skin fibroblasts. | a fluorescent derivative of cerebroside sulfate, pyrene-dodecanoyl sphingosylgalactosylsulfate (p12-cs) was incorporated into the envelope of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv). when the p12-cs-containing virus was incubated for 24 h with skin fibroblasts, up to 40% of the sulfatide was located in the cells--a value at least 10 fold greater than that observed using sulfatide suspensions without virus. in a similar experiment, in which the 24 h 'pulse' was followed by a 48 h 'chase', about 15-20% o ... | 1990 | 2155822 |
| cellular stress induces a redistribution of the glucose transporter. | the mechanism by which cells increase their rate of glucose uptake in response to stress is unclear. using an immunofluorescence technique to localize the glucose transporter protein in bhk cells, we found that hyperthermia, treatment with arsenite, infection with vesicular stomatitis virus or semliki forest virus, and treatment with insulin cause the transporter to move from an intracellular site in the perinuclear region to the plasma membrane; the degree of translocation correlates approximat ... | 1990 | 2156742 |
| role of matrix protein in cytopathogenesis of vesicular stomatitis virus. | the matrix (m) protein of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) plays an important structural role in viral assembly, and it also has a regulatory role in viral transcription. we demonstrate here that the m protein has an additional function. it causes visible cytopathic effects (cpe), as evidenced by the typical rounding of polygonal cells after vsv infection. we have analyzed a temperature-sensitive mutant of the m protein of vsv (tsg33) which is defective in viral assembly and which fails to cause ... | 1990 | 2157054 |
| antibody-targeted liposomes containing oligodeoxyribonucleotides complementary to viral rna selectively inhibit viral replication. | mouse l929 cells were incubated with antibody-targeted liposomes containing oligodeoxyribonucleotides (oligomers). when the oligomer was a 15-mer complementary to the 5'-end region of the mrna encoding the n protein of vesicular stomatitis virus, the cells became less permissive for multiplication of that virus; greater than 95% reduction of viral multiplication was achieved. protection was not seen for "empty" liposomes, liposomes containing a random oligomer sequence, or liposomes containing a ... | 1990 | 2157200 |
| gating kinetics of ph-activated membrane fusion of vesicular stomatitis virus with cells: stopped-flow measurements by dequenching of octadecylrhodamine fluorescence. | to identify the initial stages of membrane fusion induced by vesicular stomatitis virus, we performed stopped-flow kinetic measurement with fluorescently labeled virus attached to human erythrocyte ghosts that contained symmetric bilayer distributions of phospholipids. fusion was monitored spectrofluorometrically using an assay based on mixing of the lipid fluorophore octadecylrhodamine. at 37 degrees c and ph values near the threshold for fusion, a lag phase of 2 s was observed. the lag time de ... | 1990 | 2157487 |
| trajectory analysis of winds and vesicular stomatitis in north america, 1982-5. | outbreaks of vesicular stomatitis, serotype new jersey, during epidemics in the united states and northern mexico, 1982-5, were examined by backward trajectories of winds to investigate spread and possible sources. the outbreaks selected for analysis did not involve introduction of disease by infected animals. the findings indicate that wind could have been responsible for carrying infection from northern mexico to arizona and new mexico and thence to colorado and utah and on to wyoming, idaho a ... | 1990 | 2157606 |
| heavy chain binding protein recognizes incompletely disulfide-bonded forms of vesicular stomatitis virus g protein. | to investigate the function of heavy chain binding protein (bip, grp 78) in the endoplasmic reticulum, we have characterized its interaction with a model plasma membrane glycoprotein, the g protein of vesicular stomatitis virus. we used a panel of well characterized mutant g proteins and immunoprecipitation with anti-bip antibodies to determine if bip interacted with newly synthesized g protein and/or mutant g proteins retained in the endoplasmic reticulum. we made three major observations: 1) b ... | 1990 | 2157712 |
| the ph independence of mammalian retrovirus infection. | the ph dependence of early steps in the infection of human and other cells by mammalian retroviruses and retroviral pseudotype particles of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) was investigated for 10 strains of retrovirus, including c-type and d-type oncoviruses and human lentiviruses. when cells were treated with weak bases (nh4cl and amantadine) to raise the ph of endocytic vesicles, only ecotropic murine leukaemia virus (mlv-e) and vsv showed ph-dependent entry. pretreatment of retrovirus stocks ... | 1990 | 2157795 |
| genetic evidence for multiple functions of the matrix protein of vesicular stomatitis virus. | tso82, a spontaneous temperature-sensitive (ts) mutant of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) isolated in chick embryo fibroblasts (cefs), complements the five prototype ts mutants of the virus. the data presented here indicate that the defect in tso82 is localized in the m gene. the mutation changed a methionine to an arginine at position 51 of the m protein. only true revertants could be isolated, and their frequency was low, perhaps due to the type of substitution required to return to the wild- ... | 1990 | 2157808 |
| alpha/beta interferons fail to induce antiviral activity from within the nucleus. | electrophoretically pure murine alpha/beta interferons (ifn-alpha/beta) were microinjected directly into the nuclei of mouse l cells, each nucleus receiving 10 fl containing about 20,000 (ifn) molecules, an amount sufficient to induce the antiviral state when added to the culture medium of control cells. three, six or 24 h after intranuclear delivery, the cells were challenged with vesicular stomatitis virus or semliki forest virus and the appearance of cytopathic effects was scored for each ind ... | 1990 | 2157899 |
| control of virus-induced cell fusion by host cell lipid composition. | virus-induced cell fusion has been examined in a series of stable cell lines which were originally selected for resistance to the fusogenic effects of polyethylene glycol (peg). for a wide variety of viruses, including murine hepatitis virus (a coronavirus), vesicular stomatitis virus (a rhabdovirus), and two paramyxoviruses (sendai virus and sv5), susceptibility to virus-induced fusion was found to be inversely correlated with susceptibility to peg-induced fusion. this phenomenon was observed b ... | 1990 | 2158179 |
| virus-induced autoantibody response to a transgenic viral antigen. | the induction of autoantibodies and their possible role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease are poorly understood. involvement of infectious agents has been suspected, but direct evidence is sparse. whether immunological unresponsiveness to self by antibody-forming b cells is maintained by clonal abortion, clonal anergy or suppression, or how the scenario of interactions between helper t cells, b cells and antigen-presenting cells is distorted in autoantibody responses, is being analysed a ... | 1990 | 2158632 |
| dynamic nature of the quaternary structure of the vesicular stomatitis virus envelope glycoprotein. | the envelope glycoprotein (g protein) of vesicular stomatitis virus probably exists in the viral envelope as a trimer of identical subunits. depending on the conditions of solubilization, g protein may dissociate into monomers. g protein solubilized with the detergent octyl glucoside was shown to exist as oligomeric forms by sedimentation velocity analysis and chemical cross-linking. g protein was modified with either fluorescein isothiocyanate or rhodamine isothiocyanate. resonance energy trans ... | 1990 | 2159320 |
| phosphorothioate analogues of (2'-5')(a)4: agonist and antagonist activities in intact cells. | metabolically stable phosphorothioate tetramer analogues of (2'-5')(a)n with rp and/or sp chirality in the 2'-5'-phosphodiester linkages constitute a new class of antiviral agents since they mimic the effects of interferons. three of the diastereomeric 5'-monophosphates (i.e., prprprp, psprprp, and prpspsp) bind to and activate rnase l from extracts of hela cells. however, the pspspsp (2'-5')-(a)4-phosphorothioate is unique in that it binds to, but cannot activate, rnase l to cleave rrna. when m ... | 1990 | 2159324 |
| phosphoprotein and nucleocapsid protein evolution of vesicular stomatitis virus new jersey. | the entire phosphoprotein (p) and nucleocapsid (n) protein gene sequences and deduced amino acid sequences for 18 selected vesicular stomatitis virus isolates representative of the natural genetic diversity within the new jersey serotype are reported. phylogenetic analysis of the data using maximum parsimony allowed construction of evolutionary trees for the individual genes and the combined n, p, and glycoprotein (g) genes of these viruses. virtually identical rates of nucleotide substitutions ... | 1990 | 2159527 |
| replication and amplification of defective interfering particle rnas of vesicular stomatitis virus in cells expressing viral proteins from vectors containing cloned cdnas. | replication and amplification of rna genomes of defective interfering (di) particles of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) depend on the expression of viral proteins and have until now been attained only in cells coinfected with helper vsv. in the work described in this report, we used a recombinant vaccinia virus-t7 rna polymerase expression system to synthesize individual vsv proteins in cells transfected with plasmid dnas that contain cdna copies of the vsv genes downstream of the t7 rna polyme ... | 1990 | 2159555 |
| evaluation of age-related effects on the antiviral activity of interferon and induction of 2-5a synthetase in testicular cell cultures derived from swine of various ages. | the antiviral activity of recombinant dna-derived bovine alpha 1(-1) interferon on an established swine testicular cell line and primary testicular cell cultures derived from swine of various ages (2 days, 3 weeks, and 5 weeks) was determined. bovine interferon induced a dose-dependent increase in 2-5a synthetase in testicular cells, regardless of the source of the cells. furthermore, interferon inhibited replication of vesicular stomatitis virus to an equivalent extent in all testicular cell cu ... | 1990 | 2159738 |
| spread of vesicular stomatitis virus along the visual pathways after retinal infection in the mouse. | vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) was injected into the left eyeball of 3-week-old mice and it infected the retinal ganglion cells. the infection spread rapidly along the visual pathways to the postsynaptic neurons in the contralateral superior collicle (sc) and lateral geniculate body (lgb). the distributional pattern of the viral immunoreactivity indicated an anterograde axonal transport of the infectious material. a subsequent spread to the ganglion cells of the right retina further indicated ... | 1990 | 2160183 |
| vesicular stomatitis virus, new jersey serotype: replication in and transmission by lutzomyia shannoni (diptera: psychodidae). | laboratory-reared female sand flies (lutzomyia shannoni) were experimentally infected, orally and by intrathoracic inoculation, with the new jersey serotype of vesicular stomatitis (vsnj) virus. virus replication occurred in the insects following infection by both routes. virus titers greater than 10(4) plaque forming units of vsnj virus were present in heads of orally infected sand flies 12 days after virus ingestion, confirming that a persistent disseminated infection had occurred. both orally ... | 1990 | 2160198 |
| beta-endorphin alters the course of central nervous system disease induced by a temperature-sensitive vesicular stomatitis virus in reconstituted nude mice. | a 100 plaque forming unit (pfu) dose of a temperature-sensitive (ts) mutant of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv), tsg31 ks5, engendered a slowly progressive paralytic central nervous system (cns) disease that killed all balb/c nude mice within 28 days. reconstitution of nude mice with 10(7) syngeneic splenocytes 24 h before intracerebral inoculation with tsg31 ks5 vsv, however, protected 92% of the animals from death. when these reconstituted animals were injected intracerebroventricularly with 1 ... | 1990 | 2160476 |
| inhibition of the rna polymerase of vesicular stomatitis virus by ppp5'a2'p5'a and related compounds. | the diadenylate triphosphates ppp5'a2'p5'a and ppp5'a3'p5'a were found to inhibit the purified rna polymerase ('nucleocapsid') complex from vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv). the corresponding diadenylate monophosphate p5'a2'p5'a did not inhibit, nor did the triadenylate triphosphate ppp5'a2'p5'a2'p5'a; the diadenylate diphosphate pp5'a2'p5'a had intermediate inhibitory activity. increasing the concentration of atp, gtp or ctp in the reaction mixture decreased inhibition by ppp5'a2'p5'a, while ut ... | 1990 | 2160797 |
| sequence comparison of five polymerases (l proteins) of unsegmented negative-strand rna viruses: theoretical assignment of functional domains. | the large (l) protein subunit of unsegmented negative-strand rna virus polymerases is thought to be responsible for the majority of enzymic activities involved in viral transcription and replication. in order to gain insight into this multifunctional role we compared the deduced amino acid sequences of five l proteins of rhabdoviruses (vesicular stomatitis virus and rabies virus) or paramyxoviruses (sendai virus, newcastle disease virus and measles virus). statistical analysis showed that they s ... | 1990 | 2161049 |
| inhibitory effect of herpes simplex virus infection to target cells on recognition of minor histocompatibility antigens by cytotoxic t lymphocytes. | target cell lysis by ctl specific for minor histocompatibility ag (minor ha), which were generated in (c3h/he x balb/c)f1 mice immunized with a/j mouse spleen cells, was dramatically reduced by infection of hsv to neuro-2a (a/j mouse origin) cells as target. the reduction was apparent at 5 h after infection of hsv to target cells, when many viral proteins were produced in the cells. conversely, mhc-restricted hsv-specific ctl-mediated cell lysis increased time dependently. using an rna virus, ve ... | 1990 | 2161874 |
| phosphorylation of ns protein by vesicular stomatitis virus nucleocapsids: lack of effect during rna synthesis and separation of kinase from l protein. | the relationship between ns protein phosphorylation and rna polymerase activities was determined in nucleocapsids purified from vesicular stomatitis virus grown in bhk cells. phosphate incorporation into endogenous ns protein under transcription conditions reached a maximum value of 0.06 mol/mol of ns within 20 to 30 min, while rna synthesis remained linear for 90 min. phosphate incorporation into ns increased further upon addition of kinase-free ns protein but not upon addition of nucleocapsid ... | 1990 | 2161940 |
| virus-lymphocyte interactions: inductive signals necessary to render b lymphocytes susceptible to vesicular stomatitis virus infection. | we examined the inductive signals necessary to render b lymphocytes capable of supporting a productive vesicular stomatitis virus infection. small murine splenic b cells in the g0 phase of the cell cycle were cultured with stimulators which allow progression through various stages in the activation and/or differentiation pathway leading to antibody secretion. we found that vesicular stomatitis virus expression is dependent on the state of b-cell activation and that three distinct phases can be d ... | 1990 | 2161942 |
| resistance to influenza virus and vesicular stomatitis virus conferred by expression of human mxa protein. | mxa and mxb are interferon-induced proteins of human cells and are related to the murine protein mx1, which confers selective resistance to influenza virus. in contrast to the nuclear murine protein mx1, mxa and mxb are located in the cytoplasm, and their role in the interferon-induced antiviral state was unknown. in this report we show that transfected cell lines expressing mxa acquired a high degree of resistance to influenza a virus. surprisingly, mxa also conferred resistance to vesicular st ... | 1990 | 2161946 |
| localization of the membrane-associated region of vesicular stomatitis virus m protein at the n terminus, using the hydrophobic, photoreactive probe 125i-tid. | the membrane-reactive, photoactivatable probe 125i-tid [3-(trifluoromethyl)-3-(m-[125i]iodophenyl)-3h-diazirine] was found to label the m protein of vesicular stomatitis virus about 40% as much as g protein in intact virions, in agreement with labeling studies with other probes. by analyzing limited tryptic digestion and specific chemical cleavage products, the label was essentially entirely localized within the first 19, and probably within the first 5 to 10, amino acid residues at the n termin ... | 1990 | 2161951 |