Publications

TitleAbstractYear
Filter
PMID
Filter
deletion and substitution analysis defines regions and residues within the phosphoprotein of bovine respiratory syncytial virus that affect transcription, rna replication, and interaction with the nucleoprotein.the phosphoprotein (p) of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) is a multifunctional protein that plays a central role in transcription and replication of the viral genomic rna. to investigate the domains and specific residues involved in different activities of the p protein, we generated a total of 22 deletion and 17 point mutants of the p protein. these mutants were characterized using an intracellular brsv-cat minigenome replication system for the ability to (1) direct minigenome transcr ...200111437660
prevalence of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) and bovine herpesvirus-4 (bhv-4) in cattle from ethiopia.a serological study was done to establish the occurrence and determine the prevalence of two important respiratory tract pathogens, bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) and bovine herpesvirus-4 (bhv-4), in cattle in ethiopia. prevalence rates for specific antibodies of 92.5% and 22.3% were recorded for brsv and bhv-4, respectively. the presence of antibodies against these viruses in cattle from ethiopia is recorded for the first time in this report. our data suggests diseases caused by thes ...200011153233
variable immune-driven natural selection in the attachment (g) glycoprotein of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv).a maximum-likelihood analysis of selection pressures acting on the attachment (g) glycoprotein gene of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) from humans (hrsv) and bovines (brsv) is presented. six positively selected sites were identified in both group a and group b of hrsv, although only one site was common between them, while no positively selected sites were detected in brsv. all positively selected sites were located within the ectodomain of the g protein and showed some association with positio ...200111231898
overexpression of dwarf4 in the brassinosteroid biosynthetic pathway results in increased vegetative growth and seed yield in arabidopsis.plants unable to synthesize or perceive brassinosteroids (brs) are dwarfs. arabidopsis dwf4 was shown to be defective in a steroid 22alpha hydroxylase (cyp90b1) step that is the putative rate-limiting step in the br biosynthetic pathway. to better understand the role of dwf4 in br biosynthesis, transgenic arabidopsis plants ectopically overexpressing dwf4 (aod4) were generated, using the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter, and their phenotypes were characterized. the hypocotyl length of both ...200111489171
bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv): a review.bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) infection is the major cause of respiratory disease in calves during the first year of life. the study of the virus has been difficult because of its lability and very poor growth in cell culture. however, during the last decade, the introduction of new immunological and biotechnological techniques has facilitated a more extensive study of brsv as illustrated by the increasing number of papers published. despite this growing focus, many aspects of the pa ...200010920473
the effect of an outbreak of respiratory disease on herd-level milk production of norwegian dairy farms.this study was done to evaluate the effect of an outbreak of acute respiratory disease associated with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) on the daily milk yield per cow in norwegian dairy-cattle farms. retrospective data from 184 dairy herds located in two neighbouring veterinary districts during the study period (december 1994-may 1995, during which an epidemic of acute respiratory disease associated with brsv occurred in this area) were analysed. data on the bulk-milk deliveries and th ...200111535284
involvement of microbial respiratory pathogens in acute interstitial pneumonia in feedlot cattle.to evaluate viral and bacterial respiratory pathogens and mycoplasma spp isolated from lung tissues of cattle with acute interstitial pneumonia (aip) and cattle that had died as a result of other causes.200111592313
virus neutralising antibodies against 22 bovine viral diarrhoea virus isolates in vaccinated calves.seven of nine colostrum deprived calves, free from bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv), were vaccinated with a commercially available vaccine containing two inactivated strains of bvdv, an inactivated strain of bovine herpesvirus-1 and modified-live strains of bovine respiratory syncytial virus and para-influenza-3 virus. the two other calves were kept as controls. the virus neutralising (vn) antibodies induced by vaccination were tested against 22 antigenically diverse bvdv isolates, including ...200211749137
viroligo: a database of virus-specific oligonucleotides.viroligo is a database of virus-specific oligonucleotides. the viroligo database consists of two tables, common data and oligo data. the oligo data table contains pcr primers and hybridization probes used for detection of viral nucleic acids and the common data table contains the experimental conditions used in their detection. each oligonucleotide entry contains links to pubmed, genbank, ncbi taxonomy databases and blast. as of july 2001, the viroligo database contains a complete listing of oli ...200211752293
bovine respiratory syncytial virus can induce apoptosis in mdbk cultured cells.bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) is a major cause of respiratory disease in calves. brsv infection is associated with epithelial cell death and inflammation. over the past few years, a growing number of viruses have been found to induce apoptosis. in order to determine the ability of brsv to induce apoptosis, we studied the effect of brsv infection in cultured mdbk cells. we used ligation-mediated pcr assay to detect specific blunt-end cellular dna fragments produced by cellular endonuc ...200111600265
the ovine respiratory syncytial virus f gene sequence and its diagnostic application.ruminant respiratory syncytial viruses (rsvs) are classified into 2 subgroups, ovine rsv and bovine rsv. although ovine rsv infects cattle, its contribution to bovine respiratory tract disease has not been established, which is an important issue for vaccine development in cattle. diagnosis by virus isolation or serology has low or variable sensitivity and/or specificity and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) has been recommended as a rapid and sensitive technique for rsv detection. a simple proced ...200111724134
rescue of bovine respiratory syncytial virus from cloned cdna: entire genome sequence of brsv strain a51908.infectious bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) was produced by intracellular co-expression of five plasmid borne cdnas, each under the control of a t7 rna polymerase promoter. these separately encoded a full-length, genetically-marked copy of brsv antigenome along with either brsv or human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) support plasmids, which express n, p, l and m2-1 proteins. hep2 cells were used in transfection and recombinant vaccinia virus (mva-t7) provided t7 rna polymerase to dr ...200111724268
respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein mediates inhibition of mitogen-induced t-cell proliferation by contact.human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) are major pathogens in infants and calves, respectively. experimental brsv infection of calves and lambs is associated with lymphopenia and a reduction in responsiveness of peripheral blood lymphocytes (pbls) to mitogens ex vivo. in this report, we show that in vitro mitogen-induced proliferation of pbls is inhibited after contact with rsv-infected and uv-inactivated cells or with cells expressing rsv envelope ...200211773392
persistent infection of b lymphocytes by bovine respiratory syncytial virus.bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) is a major cause of respiratory disease in young cattle. here we demonstrate brsv persistence at low levels in tracheobronchial and mediastinal lymph nodes up to 71 days after the experimental infection of calves. positive results were obtained on viral genomic rna and messenger rna coding for the nucleoprotein, glycoprotein (g), and fusion protein (f). g and f proteins were also detected in the pulmonary lymph nodes by immunohistochemistry. double-stain ...200111878876
t-cell populations responsive to bovine respiratory syncytial virus in seronegative calves.calves lacking detectable serum antibodies against bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) were screened for virus-specific t-cell memory. peripheral blood mononuclear cells were cultured in vitro with live brsv and analyzed by dual-color flow cytometry for surface expression of cd25 on cd4(+), cd8(+), and gammadeltat-cells. significant recall responses were detected in some of the seronegative calves. modified live brsv vaccine was administered to these and to a group of non-responding calves ...200211825602
comparative evaluation of indirect and sandwich elisa for the detection of antibodies to bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) in dairy cattle.seroprevalence of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) infection in both exotic and crossbred cattle were described. a baculovirus expressed recombinant purified nucleocapsid (n) protein was used in indirect and sandwich elisa for screening of 499 bovine sera samples from all over the state for the presence of brsv antibodies. the seroprevalence rate of brsv was found to be 46.09% through indirect elisa while it would found to be 65.33% by sandwich elisa. the result also indicated that exot ...200211831747
paramyxovirus accessory proteins as interferon antagonists.a new role of the paramyxovirus accessory proteins has been uncovered. the p gene of the subfamily paramyxovirinae encodes accessory proteins including the v and/or c protein by means of pseudotemplated nucleotide addition (rna editing) or by overlapping open reading frame. the respirovirus (sendai virus and human parainfluenza virus (hpiv)3) and rubulavirus (simian virus (sv)5, sv41, mumps virus and hpiv2) circumvent the interferon (ifn) response by inhibiting ifn signaling. the responsible gen ...200111838896
glycoprotein m of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) is nonessential for replication in cell culture and is involved in inhibition of bovine respiratory syncytial virus f protein induced syncytium formation in recombinant bhv-1 infected cells.cell cultures infected with bhv-1/f(syn), a recombinant bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) which expresses a synthetic open reading frame encoding the fusion (f) protein of the bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), showed a cytopathic effect (cpe) indistinguishable from that induced by wildtype bhv-1 although transient transfection experiments demonstrated that expression of the f protein leads to formation of large syncytia. since it has been shown that glycoprotein m (gm) of pseudorabies virus ...200211888688
evaluation of health status of calves and the impact on feedlot performance: assessment of a retained ownership program for postweaning calves.the objective of this study was to evaluate animal health status at entry to a feedlot against feedlot performance and carcass value. there were 24 herds represented by 417 calves in a retained ownership program. the health status at entry was represented by the levels of serum antibody to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (ibrv), bovine viral diarrhea viruses 1 and 2 (bvdv1a, bvdv2), parainfluenza 3 virus (pi3v), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), mannheimia haemolytica, and paste ...200212146889
bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) 1b: predominant bvdv subtype in calves with respiratory disease.the prevalence of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) infections was determined in 2 groups of stocker calves with acute respiratory disease. both studies used calves assembled after purchase from auction markets by an order buyer and transported to feedyards, where they were held for approximately 30 d. in 1 study, the calves were mixed with fresh ranch calves from a single ranch. during the studies, at day 0 and at weekly intervals, blood was collected for viral antibody testing and virus isola ...200212146890
respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) nonstructural (ns) proteins as host range determinants: a chimeric bovine rsv with ns genes from human rsv is attenuated in interferon-competent bovine cells.bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) escapes from cellular responses to alpha/beta interferon (ifn-alpha/beta) by a concerted action of the two viral nonstructural proteins, ns1 and ns2. here we show that the ns proteins of human rsv (hrsv) are also able to counteract ifn responses and that they have the capacity to protect replication of an unrelated rhabdovirus. even combinations of brsv and hrsv ns proteins showed a protective activity, suggesting common mechanisms and cellular targets o ...200211932394
the associations of viral and mycoplasmal antibody titers with respiratory disease and weight gain in feedlot calves.blood samples from 32 groups of calves (n = 700) were taken on arrival and after 28-35 days at the feedlot. eleven groups were housed in feedlots in ontario, and 21 groups in feedlots in alberta. serum antibody titers to bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv-3), infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (ibrv), mycoplasma dispar and m. bovis, plus data on bovine corona virus (bcv) from a previous study were investigated for t ...199912001336
role of bovine chemokines produced by dendritic cells in respiratory syncytial virus-induced t cell proliferation.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) has been reported to induce the production of chemokines in the airway epithelia. dendritic cells (dc) are the most potent antigen-presenting cells. they are located throughout the body and release chemokines in response to inflammation and infection. we have investigated the chemokine profile of bovine dc in response to exposure to bovine rsv (brsv). transcripts for several chemokines were detected by rt-pcr, subsequently cloned and expressed, and the products ...200212072239
cytokine responses of bovine dendritic cells and t cells following exposure to live or inactivated bovine respiratory syncytial virus.we compared the effects of live or inactivated bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) on cytokine production by bovine monocyte-derived dendritic cells (modc). we also investigated the response of resting memory cd4(+) t cells to modc exposed to both viral preparations. although brsv did not appear to replicate in modc or to affect expression of major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i, mhc class ii, or cd80/86, a higher percentage of cells exposed to live virus appeared to undergo apop ...200212149420
cleavage at the furin consensus sequence rar/kr(109) and presence of the intervening peptide of the respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein are dispensable for virus replication in cell culture.proteolytic processing of the respiratory syncytial virus f (fusion) protein results in the generation of the disulfide-linked subunits f1 and f2 and in the release of pep27, a glycopeptide originally located between the two furin cleavage sites fcs-1 (rkrr(136)) and fcs-2 (rar/kr(109)). we made use of reverse genetics to study the importance of fcs-2 and of pep27 for brsv replication in cell culture. replacement of fcs-2 in the f protein of recombinant viruses by either of the sequences nanr(10 ...200212186905
dot-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay as an alternative technique for the detection of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) antibodies.a dot-elisa test for the detection of anti-brsv antibodies is described. the objective of this study was the standardisation of a test as a fast, inexpensive and effective alternative to detect anti-brsv antibodies. its sensitivity, specificity and usefulness were compared to a commercial elisa-kit and to the standard serum neutralisation (sn) test. the standardisation of the technique was done using nitrocellulose disks soaked with a viral sample isolated in brazil, brsv-25-br. the best results ...200212199366
replication and clearance of respiratory syncytial virus: apoptosis is an important pathway of virus clearance after experimental infection with bovine respiratory syncytial virus.human respiratory syncytial virus is an important cause of severe respiratory disease in young children, the elderly, and in immunocompromised adults. similarly, bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) is causing severe, sometimes fatal, respiratory disease in calves. both viruses are pneumovirus and the infections with human respiratory syncytial virus and brsv have similar clinical, pathological, and epidemiological characteristics. in this study we used experimental brsv infection in calves ...200212466134
mucosal immunization with live recombinant bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) and recombinant brsv lacking the envelope glycoprotein g protects against challenge with wild-type brsv.recombinant bovine respiratory syncytial virus (rbrsv) and an rbrsv deletion mutant lacking the g gene (rbrsvdeltag) were characterized in calves with respect to replication competence, attenuation, and protective efficacy as live-attenuated brsv vaccines. both recombinant viruses were safe and induced protection against a brsv challenge infection. rbrsv replicated efficiently in the upper respiratory tract. intranasal immunization with rbrsvdeltag led to infection but not to mucosal virus repli ...200212414977
an experimental infection model for reproduction of calf pneumonia with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) based on one combined exposure of calves.bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) has been recognised as an important pathogen in calf pneumonia for 30 years, but surprisingly few effective infection models for studies of the immune response and the pathogenesis in the natural host have been established. we present a reproducible experimental infection model for brsv in 2-5-month-old, conventionally reared jersey calves. thirty-four colostrum-fed calves were inoculated once by aerosol and intratracheal injection with brsv. respiratory ...200312507567
evolution of hepatitis c virus in blood donors and their respective recipients.this paper describes the study of hepatitis c virus (hcv) evolution in the largest cohort of hcv-infected blood donors (bds)/blood recipients (brs) reported to date (25 pairs). a molecular analysis of partial sequences in the e1 (envelope) and ns5-b (polymerase) genes was performed. phylogenetic reconstruction showed that the evolution of dominant strains was qualitatively and quantitatively different in bds and brs. the evolutionary rate was significantly higher in brs, in which, in addition, m ...200312560577
recognition of bovine respiratory syncytial virus proteins by bovine cd8+ t lymphocytes.cd8+ t lymphocytes play a major role in the clearance of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), an important respiratory pathogen of young calves that shares many of the epidemiological and pathological features of human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) in infants. recombinant vaccinia virus (rvv) and recombinant fowlpox virus (rfpv), expressing individual brsv proteins, were used to demonstrate that the f, n and m2 proteins were the major antigens recognized by bovine cd8+ t cells in majo ...200312562331
brassinosteroid functions in a broad range of disease resistance in tobacco and rice.brassinolide (bl), considered to be the most important brassinosteroid (br) and playing pivotal roles in the hormonal regulation of plant growth and development, was found to induce disease resistance in plants. to study the potentialities of bl activity on stress responding systems, we analyzed its ability to induce disease resistance in tobacco and rice plants. wild-type tobacco treated with bl exhibited enhanced resistance to the viral pathogen tobacco mosaic virus (tmv), the bacterial pathog ...200312609030
comparison of a multivalent viral vaccine program versus a univalent viral vaccine program on animal health, feedlot performance, and carcass characteristics of feedlot calves.a field study was conducted under commercial feedlot conditions at 2 sites in western canada to determine the relative effects of a univalent viral vaccine (mlv 1) program versus a multivalent viral vaccine (mlv 4) program on animal health; feedlot performance; and carcass characteristic variables of fall-placed, auction market derived, feedlot calves. five thousand one hundred and sixty-three calves were processed and randomly allocated to 1 of 2 experimental groups as follows: mlv 1, which rec ...200312619555
characterization of bovine respiratory syncytial virus isolated in brazil.this paper presents the first isolation of bovine respiratory syncytial virus in brazil and its physicochemical, morphological and molecular characterization. the virus was isolated from 33 samples of nasotracheal secretions, successively inoculated into a madin-darby bovine kidney cell culture, which was characterized by physicochemical tests and morphological observation by electron microscopy. the brazilian sample is an rna pleomorphic, enveloped, thermolabile and non-hemagglutinating spicula ...200312563523
respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) fusion protein subunit f2, not attachment protein g, determines the specificity of rsv infection.human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) and bovine rsv (brsv) infect human beings and cattle in a species-specific manner. we have here analyzed the contribution of rsv envelope proteins to species-specific entry into cells. in contrast to permanent cell lines, primary cells of human or bovine origin, including differentiated respiratory epithelia, peripheral blood lymphocytes, and macrophages, showed a pronounced species-specific permissiveness for hrsv and brsv infection, respectively. recomb ...200312663767
antiviral activity and structural characteristics of the nonglycosylated central subdomain of human respiratory syncytial virus attachment (g) glycoprotein.segments of the cystine noose-containing nonglycosylated central subdomain, residues 149-197, of the attachment (g) glycoprotein of human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) have been assessed for impact on the cytopathic effect (cpe) of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). nalpha-acetyl residues 149-197-amide (g149-197), g149-189, and g149-177 of the a2 strain of hrsv protected 50% of human epithelial hep-2 cells from the cpe of the a2 strain at concentrations (ic(50)) between 5 and 80 microm. cys ...200111487583
comparison of targeting f and g protein genes to detect bovine and ovine respiratory syncytial viruses.in this study, 2 reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assays were developed and compared for simultaneous detection of bovine and ovine respiratory syncytial viruses (rsvs). one assay was based on a set of primers, which amplified a 426-bp fragment of either bovine or ovine rsv f gene (rt-pcr f). the f products could be distinguished by ecori or bstyi restriction endonuclease cleavage. in the other assay, a set of primers amplified a 542-bp fragment of either ovine or bovine ...200312735351
response of calves persistently infected with noncytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) subtype 1b after vaccination with heterologous bvdv strains in modified live virus vaccines and mannheimia haemolytica bacterin-toxoid.seronegative persistently infected (pi) calves with bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) subtype 1b were vaccinated with each of four modified live virus (mlv) bvdv vaccines and a mannheimia haemolytica bacterin-toxoid. nasal swabs and peripheral blood leukocytes (pbl) were collected for virus isolation and serums were collected after vaccination and tested for bvdv1a, bvdv1b, bvdv2, bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1), bovine parainfluenza-3 virus (pi-3v), and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) a ...200312798641
demonstration of bovine respiratory syncytial virus rna in peripheral blood leukocytes of naturally infected cattle.rna of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) was found in peripheral leukocytes and nasal mucosa of infected cows by nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (nrt-pcr). we suppose that this finding obtained in the convalescent phase of infection indicates possible persistence of the virus in cells of the immune system.200312828341
role of alpha/beta interferons in the attenuation and immunogenicity of recombinant bovine respiratory syncytial viruses lacking ns proteins.alpha/beta interferons (ifn-alpha/beta) are not only a powerful first line of defense against pathogens but also have potent immunomodulatory activities. many viruses have developed mechanisms of subverting the ifn system to enhance their virulence. previous studies have demonstrated that the nonstructural (ns) genes of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) counteract the antiviral effects of ifn-alpha/beta. here we demonstrate that, in contrast to wild-type brsvs, recombinant brsvs (rbrsvs) ...200312857912
nonstructural proteins ns1 and ns2 of bovine respiratory syncytial virus block activation of interferon regulatory factor 3.we have previously shown that the nonstructural (ns) proteins ns1 and ns2 of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) mediate resistance to the alpha/beta interferon (ifn)-mediated antiviral response. here, we show that they, in addition, are able to prevent the induction of beta ifn (ifn-beta) after virus infection or double-stranded rna stimulation. in brsv-infected mdbk cells upregulation of ifn-stimulated genes (isgs) such as mxa did not occur, although ifn signaling via jak/stat was found ...200312885884
recent isolates of bovine respiratory syncytial virus from britain are more closely related to isolates from usa than to earlier british and current mainland european isolates.eight isolates of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) were made from calves with severe respiratory disease on seven farms in one region of britain. genetic analysis of the viruses showed that seven, which were isolated between 1997 and 1999 were almost identical and were distinguishable from an earlier 1991 isolate. when compared with the available sequences of brsvs from other countries, the recent british isolates were more closely related to us isolates than to earlier british and curr ...200312916694
virokinin, a bioactive peptide of the tachykinin family, is released from the fusion protein of bovine respiratory syncytial virus.tachykinins, an evolutionary conserved family of peptide hormones in both invertebrates and vertebrates, are produced by neuronal cells as inactive preprotachykinins that are post-translationally processed into different neuropeptides such as substance p, neurokinin a, and neurokinin b. we show here that furin-mediated cleavage of the bovine respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein results in the release of a peptide that is converted into a biologically active tachykinin (virokinin) by additi ...200312952986
priming of multiple t cell subsets by modified-live and inactivated bovine respiratory syncytial virus vaccines.t cell activity is a critical component of immunity to bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv). we tested the effects of immunization by modified-live and inactivated brsv vaccines on cell-mediated and humoral immunity in young calves. the two forms of vaccine stimulated similar serum neutralizing antibody production, although the early kinetics of those responses differed. cd4+, cd8+, and gammadelta t cells were analyzed before and after immunization for brsv-specific in vitro recall response ...200312963273
safety and efficacy of cpg-containing oligodeoxynucleotides as immunological adjuvants in rabbits.the efficacy of oligodeoxynucleotides containing unmethylated cpg dinucleotides (cpg odn) as an adjuvant for rabbits was assessed alone and in combination with aluminum hydroxide (cpg/alum). the cpg/alum combination elicited a greater immune response to several antigens compared to freund's adjuvant. a non-cpg/alum combination did not have the same effects as cpg/alum suggesting that the adjuvanticity was related to the cpg motifs. in addition, we formulated one of the antigens with combinations ...200314505919
diagnosis of enzootic pneumonia in danish cattle: reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay for detection of bovine respiratory syncytial virus in naturally and experimentally infected cattle.a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assay was developed for detection of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) in lung tissue of naturally and experimentally infected cattle. primers were selected from the gene coding the f fusion protein, which is relatively conserved among brsv isolates. the rt-pcr assay was highly specific, it yielded positive reactions only when performed on brsv-infected cell cultures or tissues. the detection limit of the rt-pcr assay was assesse ...199912968754
adjuvants recognized by toll-like receptors inhibit the induction of polarized type 2 t cell responses by natural attachment (g) protein of respiratory syncytial virus.immunization with native fusion (f) protein from respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) adsorbed to alum adjuvant generates greater than fourfold rises in serum neutralizing antibody titers in approximately 50% of seropositive humans. using balb/c mice we demonstrate herein that enhanced neutralization titers and accelerated clearance of virus from the lungs after challenge are possible if the attachment (g) glycoprotein is added to f protein-based vaccines. we further reveal for the first time that ...200314505917
vaccine-induced immunopathology during bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection: exploring the parameters of pathogenesis.the bovine and human respiratory syncytial viruses cause severe lower respiratory tract infections. effective vaccines against the respiratory syncytial viruses have been lacking since vaccine failures in the 1960s and 1970s. in this report, we describe a bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) challenge model in which both classical brsv respiratory infection and vaccine-enhanced immune pathology were reproduced. the classical, formalin-inactivated (fi) brsv vaccine that has been associated w ...200314581543
safety of a modified-live combination vaccine against respiratory and reproductive diseases in pregnant cows.a combination vaccine (bovi-shield fp4 + l5, pfizer animal health) containing modified-live virus (mlv) components against bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1), bovine viral diarrhea virus bvdv), parainfluenza virus-3 (pi3), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), and inactivated cultures of leptospira canicola, grippotyphosa, hardjo, icterohaemorrhagiae, and pomona was evaluated for safety in pregnant beef and dairy animals. heifers vaccinated prebreeding with the minimum immunizing dose (lowest ant ...200314506587
the immunology of the bovine respiratory disease complex.the bovine respiratory disease complex continues to be an economically important syndrome in an era when immunologic control is likely to become increasingly important. recent studies have yielded a better understanding of the interaction, at the molecular level, of various pathogens with the bovine immune system. improved challenge models for important viral pathogens such as bovine viral diarrhea virus and bovine respiratory syncytial virus have provided evidence of the efficacy of immune resp ...200111692507
bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) pneumonia in beef calf herds despite vaccination.the present report describes the clinical, pathological, serological and virological findings in calves from 2 larger danish beef herds experiencing outbreaks of pneumonia. the calves had been vaccinated with an inactivated bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) vaccine 2 months prior to the outbreak. the clinical signs comprised nasal discharge, pyrexia, cough and increased respiratory rates. a total of 28 calves died in the 2 herds. the laboratory investigations revealed that brsv was invol ...200111455891
serological study of a population of alpine chamois (rupicapra r rupicapra) affected by an outbreak of respiratory disease.a serological survey of respiratory virus infections was carried out from 1998 to 2001 in lecco province, italy, as part of a health monitoring programme in a population of alpine chamois, many of which died of pneumonia in autumn and winter 2000 to 2001; 194 carcases of all age classes were found over a short period and in a small area. eighteen of them, which were examined postmortem, consistently showed signs of severe fibrinous lobar pneumonia or catarrhal bronchopneumonia. samples of serum ...200314640327
cytotoxic t lymphocyte activity and cytokine expression in calves vaccinated with formalin-inactivated bovine respiratory syncytial virus prior to challenge.the development of effective, safe vaccines for human and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) has been problematic. inactivated rsv vaccines are of variable efficacy; poor efficacy may be related to induction of ineffective cell-mediated immunity (cmi). to characterize cmi in calves vaccinated with formalin inactivated (fi) brsv, 11 calves were vaccinated twice with fi-brsv (n=5) or mock vaccine (n=6) at a 2 week interval and challenged 1 month later. prior to challenge a cannula was placed ...200414656542
health evaluation of pampas deer (ozotoceros bezoarticus celer) at campos del tuyú wildlife reserve, argentina.samples from 14 free-ranging pampas deer (ozotoceros bezoarticus celer) were collected in 1995 and 1998, at campos del tuyú wildlife reserve, buenos aires, argentina. hematology, serum chemistries, minerals and metals, and fecal parasites were analyzed. in addition, fecal ova and parasites were evaluated seasonally during 1998-2000. serology for infectious diseases included blue-tongue, brucellosis, bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection, bovine viral diarrhea/mucosal disease, infectious b ...200314733285
the role of acidogenic diets and beta-hydroxybutyate on lymphocyte proliferation and serum antibody response against bovine respiratory viruses in holstein steers.acidogenic diets were evaluated for their effects on lymphocyte proliferation in response to staphylococcus aureus exotoxin b (seb), and specific lymphocyte proliferation and serum-neutralizing antibody titers to four bovine respiratory viruses in vitro. four holstein steer calves, with an average weight of 213 +/- 42 kg, were fed a basal (control) diet consisting of 49% forage and 51% concentrate (dm basis), with 15% cp (on a dm basis). three additional treatment diets were used: 1) the basal d ...200314677865
infectious disease survey of gemsbok in new mexico.exotic wildlife can introduce new diseases or act as reservoirs of endemic diseases. on white sands missile range, new mexico (usa), significant declines in populations of native ungulates generally correspond to increases in range and population density of the exotic gemsbok (oryx gazella gazella), introduced beginning in 1969. we surveyed gemsbok in 2001 for exposure to a variety of diseases potentially important for native ungulates. high seroprevalence was found for malignant catarrhal fever ...200314733271
maternally derived humoral immunity to bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) 1a, bvdv1b, bvdv2, bovine herpesvirus-1, parainfluenza-3 virus bovine respiratory syncytial virus, mannheimia haemolytica and pasteurella multocida in beef calves, antibody decline by half-life studies and effect on response to vaccination.the passive immunity transferred to calves from their dams was investigated in a beef herd to determine half-life of antibody, estimated time to seronegative status and effect on immunization. one hundred two beef calves in a commercial ranch under standard management conditions were utilized. samples were collected at branding (day 0). this was the first possible date to collect samples postcalving. this was approximately 2 months postcalving, and days 95 and 116. the calves were divided into t ...200414741155
extensive mast cell degranulation in bovine respiratory syncytial virus-associated paroxystic respiratory distress syndrome.bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) infection is an important cause of outbreaks of respiratory disease among calves. this virus commonly induces mild to severe respiratory signs but, in a substantial proportion of cases, is also reported to be associated with paroxystic respiratory distress syndrome (prds). the pathogenesis of this 'malignant' clinical form has not been fully elucidated. the present study aimed at determining whether mast cell (mc) degranulation plays a role in the physio ...200414741132
in vitro and in vivo antiviral properties of sulfated galactomannans against yellow fever virus (beh111 strain) and dengue 1 virus (hawaii strain).two galactomannans, one extracted from seeds of mimosa scabrella, having a mannose to galactose ratio of 1.1, and another with a 1.4 ratio from seeds of leucaena leucocephala, were sulfated. the products from m. scabrella (brs) and l. leucocephala (lls) had a degree of sulfation of 0.62 and 0.50, and an average molecular weight of 620x10(3) and 574x10(3) gmol(-1), respectively. their activities against yellow fever virus (yfv; beh111 strain) and dengue 1 virus (den-1; hawaii strain) were evaluat ...200314638396
immune responses to bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) following use of an inactivated brsv-pi3-mannheimia haemolytica vaccine and a modified live brsv-bvdv vaccine. 200414975397
t cells from a high proportion of apparently naive cattle can be activated by modified vaccinia virus ankara (mva).modified vaccinia virus ankara (mva) was used as a vector to express genes from bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv). using these recombinant viruses as recall antigens for cells from brsv-immuned cattle proved to be problematic because non-recombinant mva itself frequently stimulated high levels of t lymphocyte activation. this phenomenon was observed in a high percentage of cattle from multiple herds. gamma delta tcr(+) t cells were more sensitive to activation by mva than other classes o ...200415018661
suppression of the induction of alpha, beta, and lambda interferons by the ns1 and ns2 proteins of human respiratory syncytial virus in human epithelial cells and macrophages [corrected].wild-type human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) is a poor inducer of alpha/beta interferons (ifn-alpha/beta). however, recombinant hrsv lacking the ns1 and ns2 genes (delta ns1/2) induced high levels of ifn-alpha and -beta in human pulmonary epithelial cells (a549) as well as in macrophages derived from primary human peripheral blood monocytes. results with ns1 and ns2 single- and double-gene-deletion viruses indicated that the two proteins function independently as well as coordinately to ac ...200415047850
formalin-inactivated bovine rsv vaccine enhances a th2 mediated immune response in infected cattle.safe rsv vaccine development has challenged the medical community since a formalin-killed rsv vaccine caused disease exacerbation in the 1960s. disease was replicated using the bovine rsv system in one of two studies. the studies differed in viral protein dose and length of time between vaccination and infection. disease exacerbation occurred in study 2 (previously reported). we hypothesized that low protein concentration in study 2's vaccine stimulated a th2/ige response that enhanced disease. ...200415063570
evaluation of efficacy of an inactivated vaccine against bovine respiratory syncytial virus in calves with maternal antibodies.to assess short- and long-term efficacy of an inactivated bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) vaccine administered i.m. to calves with maternally derived antibodies.200415077682
detection of bovine respiratory syncytial virus in experimentally infected balb/c mice.the present study used an rt-nested-pcr and an immunohistochemistry assay to detect bovine respiratory syncytial virus in tissues from experimentally infected balb/c mice. as a first step, chicken embryo related (cer) cell monolayers infected with the brsv-25-br strain isolated in brazil were used for antigen production. then, the infected lung and tracheal tissues of female balb/c mice were collected on 3, 5, 7 and 10 days post-infection and submitted to both techniques. primers specific to f a ...200415099495
disease survey of free-ranging grey brocket deer (mazama gouazoubira) in the gran chaco, bolivia.samples from 17 free-ranging hunter-killed grey brocket deer (mazama gouazoubira) in the gran chaco, bolivia, were collected during june-august 1999. all 17 deer appeared to be in good condition at the time of death. gross necropsies were performed, serum was collected for serologic evaluation of selected infectious disease agents, and feces and ectoparasites were collected for evaluation of internal and external parasites. serologic tests were positive for antibodies against bovine respiratory ...200415137493
the surface glycoprotein e2 of bovine viral diarrhoea virus contains an intracellular localization signal.the intracellular transport of the surface glycoprotein e2 of bovine viral diarrhoea virus was analysed by expressing the cloned gene in the absence of other viral proteins. immunofluorescence analysis and surface biotinylation indicated that e2 is located in an early compartment of the secretory pathway and not transported to the cell surface. in agreement with this result, e2 was found to contain only high-mannose oligosaccharide side-chains but no n-glycans of the complex type. to define the ...200415105527
effects of a single intranasal dose of modified-live bovine respiratory syncytial virus vaccine on cytokine messenger rna expression following viral challenge in calves.to characterize cytokine messenger rna (mrna) expression in intranasally vaccinated calves after bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) challenge.200415198210
new transport peptides broaden the horizon of applications for peptidic pharmaceuticals.protein transduction domains (ptds) have proven to be an invaluable tool to transduce a wide variety of cargo's including peptides across the plasma membrane and into intact tissue. the ptds are able to deliver biologically active molecules both in vitro and in vivo. this study describes many new polybasic ptds of which some are just as potent as the ptds derived from extracellular rnases or other published ptds. large differences in potency became apparent when the ptds are coupled to particula ...200415209161
itih4 (inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4) is a new acute-phase protein isolated from cattle during experimental infection.we have isolated from calf serum a protein with an apparent m(r) of 120,000. the protein was detected by using antibodies against major acute-phase protein in pigs with acute inflammation. the amino acid sequence of an internal fragment revealed that this protein is the bovine counterpart of itih4, the heavy chain 4 of the inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor family. the response of this protein in the sera was determined for animals during experimental bacterial and viral infections. in the bacterial ...200415213118
progress in defining the role of rsv in allergy and asthma: from clinical observations to animal models.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), an rna virus in the family paramyxoviridae, causes respiratory disease in humans. a closely related bovine rsv is responsible for a remarkably similar disease syndrome in young cattle. severe rsv disease is characterized by bronchiolitis. the impact of rsv on human health is demonstrated annually when infants are admitted to the hospital in large numbers. nearly every child will have been infected with rsv by the age of 3 years. while the disease is most severe ...200415330446
a novel protein expression strategy using recombinant bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv): modifications of the peptide sequence between the two furin cleavage sites of the brsv fusion protein yield secreted proteins, but affect processing and function of the brsv fusion protein.the bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) fusion (f) protein is cleaved at two furin cleavage sites, which results in generation of the disulfide-linked f(1) and f(2) subunits and release of an intervening peptide of 27 aa (pep27). a series of mutated open reading frames encoding f proteins that lacked the entire pep27, that contained an arbitrarily chosen 23 aa sequence instead of pep27 or in which pep27 was replaced by the amino acid sequences for the bovine cytokines interleukin 2 (boil2) ...200415218165
bovine respiratory syncytial virus strains currently circulating in the czech republic are most closely related to danish strains from 1995.in this study we showed a high degree of genetic homogeneity among recently (2002-2003) circulating bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) strains in cattle population in the czech republic. these strains are in a phylogenetic tree more closely related to the danish strains from 1995 than to the czech strain vs97 from 1997 that shares the highest similarity with the french strain f1 and the belgian strain p10. from the sequence analysis we deduce that the revealed high diversity between brsv ...200415230477
in vitro expression of full-length and truncated bovine respiratory syncytial virus g proteins and their antibody responses in balb/c mice.bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) is a primary cause of lower respiratory tract disease in calves. protection is incomplete following vaccination or natural infection, as re-infections are common. the objectives of this study were to create plasmid dna constructs encoding the full-length, secreted, or conserved region of the brsv g glycoprotein, and to compare and evaluate their expression in cell culture and potential to induce antibody responses in balb/c mice. transfection of cos-7 ce ...200415315857
detection and quantitation of bovine respiratory syncytial virus using real-time quantitative rt-pcr and quantitative competitive rt-pcr assays.a single tube, fluorogenic probe-based, real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (q-rt-pcr) assay was developed for detection and quantitation of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) using biorad's icycler iq. real-time q-rt-pcr was compared with quantitative competitive rt-pcr (qc-rt-pcr) and viral titers. viral mrna levels were measured in brsv-infected bovine turbinate cell lysate harvested at eight time points (1.5, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72 h) post-infecti ...200415350726
bovine respiratory syncytial virus iscoms--protection in the presence of maternal antibodies.the protection induced by immunostimulating complexes (iscoms) against bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) was evaluated and compared to that of a commercial inactivated vaccine (cv) in calves with brsv-specific maternal antibodies. following experimental challenge, controls (n = 4) and animals immunized with cv (n = 5) developed moderate to severe respiratory disease, whereas calves immunized with iscoms (n = 5) remained clinically healthy. brsv was re-isolated from the nasopharynx of all ...200415542185
substituted benzimidazoles with nanomolar activity against respiratory syncytial virus.a cell-based assay was used to discover compounds inhibiting respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-induced fusion in hela/m cells. a lead compound was identified and subsequent synthesis of >300 analogues led to the identification of jnj 2408068 (r170591), a low molecular weight (mw 395) benzimidazole derivative with an ec(50) (0.16 nm) against some lab strains almost 100,000 times better than that of ribavirin (15 microm). antiviral activity was confirmed for subgroup a and b clinical isolates of h ...200314638397
pneumothorax in dairy cattle: 30 cases (1990-2003).to evaluate the features, underlying causes, results of diagnostic testing, and treatment of pneumothorax in dairy cattle.200415457668
replication-dependent potent ifn-alpha induction in human plasmacytoid dendritic cells by a single-stranded rna virus.plasmacytoid dendritic cells sense viral ssrna or its degradation products via tlr7/8 and cpg motifs within viral dna via tlr9. although these two endosomal pathways operate independently of viral replication, little is known about the detection of actively replicating viruses in plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pdc). replication and transcription of the viral genome of ssrna viruses as well as many dna viruses lead to the formation of cytosolic dsrna absent in noninfected cells. in this study, we u ...200415528327
bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection influences the impact of alpha- and beta-integrin-mediated adhesion of peripheral blood neutrophils.neutrophil migration into the airways and pulmonary tissue is a common finding in bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) infections. although neutrophil trans-endothelial migration in general depends on beta2-integrins, alternative integrins such as the alpha4-integrins have been implicated. in this study, rolling and firm adhesion of peripheral blood neutrophils isolated from healthy and brsv-infected calves to tumour necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha activated pulmonary endothelium was investigat ...200415544613
reduced clearance of respiratory syncytial virus infection in a preterm lamb model.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes significant respiratory disease in children worldwide. for the study of severe rsv disease seen in preterm infants, a suitable animal model is lacking. the novel hypothesis of this study was that preterm lambs are susceptible to bovine rsv (brsv) infection, an analogous pneumovirus with ruminant host specificity, and that there would be age-dependent differences in select rsv disease parameters. during rsv infection, preterm lambs had elevated temperature ...200415555538
seroprevalence of ohv-2, bvdv, bhv-1, and brsv in ranch-raised bison (bison bison).serum samples were collected at slaughter from 226 24-30-month-old american bison (bison bison) bulls from kansas, minnesota, north dakota, and manitoba and assayed for antibodies to ovine herpesvirus type-2 (ohv-2), bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), bovine herpesvirus type-1 (bhv-1), and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv). antibodies were detected by serum neutralization for bvdv, bhv-1, and brsv, while antibodies to ohv-2 were detected by competitive inhibition-elisa (ci-elisa). detec ...200212680649
animal models for studying respiratory syncytial virus infection and its long term effects on lung function.human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) infection causes a spectrum of illnesses ranging from mild infection to life-threatening bronchiolitis and respiratory failure. human studies on the pathogenesis of rsv infection are invaluable, but animal models permit advances with the use of experimental strategies that would be inappropriate in human studies.200415577578
duration of immunity of a quadrivalent vaccine against respiratory diseases caused by bhv-1, pi3v, bvdv, and brsv in experimentally infected calves.several laboratory studies assessed the duration of immunity of a quadrivalent vaccine (rispoval 4, pfizer animal health) against bovine respiratory diseases (brd) caused by bovine herpes-virus type-1 (bhv-1), parainfluenza type-3 virus (pi3v), bovine viral-diarrhoea virus type 1 (bvdv), or bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv). calves between 7 weeks and 6 months of age were allocated to treatment and then were injected with two doses of either the vaccine or the placebo 3 weeks apart. six ...200415579335
diagnosis of a mixed mycoplasma infection associated with a severe outbreak of bovine pinkeye in young calves.mycoplasma bovoculi and mycoplasma bovis were both isolated from conjunctival swabs taken from young calves showing symptoms consistent with infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (pinkeye). no moraxella spp. or other nonmycoplasma bacteria were isolated in association with this severe clinical outbreak. based on laboratory tests and clinical observations, the first phase of the disease was likely pneumonic in nature, possibly caused by bovine respiratory syncytial virus and m. bovis. in the sub ...200415586576
engineering glycoprotein b of bovine herpesvirus 1 to function as transporter for secreted proteins: a new protein expression approach.glycoprotein b (gb) of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) is essential for bhv-1 replication and is required for membrane fusion processes leading to virus penetration into the target cell and direct spreading of bhv-1 from infected to adjacent noninfected cells. like many of the herpesvirus gb homologs, bhv-1 gb is proteolytically processed by furin, an endoproteinase localized in the trans-golgi network. cleavage by furin is a common mechanism for the activation of a number of viral fusion (f) prote ...200515613307
evaluation of a single-tube fluorogenic rt-pcr assay for detection of bovine respiratory syncytial virus in clinical samples.bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) causes severe disease in naive cattle of all ages and is a common pathogen in the respiratory disease complex of calves. simplified methods for rapid brsv diagnosis would encourage sampling during outbreaks and would consequently lead to an extended understanding of the virus. in this study, a brsv fluorogenic reverse transcription pcr (frt-pcr) assay, based on taqman principle, was developed and evaluated on a large number of clinical samples, represent ...200515620402
long-term clinical and virological outcomes of chronic hepatitis c after successful interferon therapy.clinical relevance of occult hepatitis c virus (hcv) and/or hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection(s) remains uncertain years after interferon (ifn) therapy for chronic hepatitis c. by 1993, 38 sustained virological responders (svrs) showing hcv rna clearance at 6 months post-treatment and 37 biochemical responders (brs) with end-of-treatment alanine aminotransferase (alt) normalization and subsequent 6-month stabilization within 2 x the upper limit of normal (uln) were enrolled. they were monitored ...200415368524
evaluation of a quadrivalent inactivated vaccine for the protection of cattle against diseases due to common viral infections.efficacy of an inactivated quadrivalent vaccine containing infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr) virus, parainfluenza type 3 (pi3) virus, bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv) and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) was assessed in naive bovine calves to evaluate short-term (4-18 weeks) and long-term (24-38 weeks) protection following the basic intramuscular vaccination regime of 2 inoculations a month apart. vaccination was staggered between the long-term and the short-term groups by abou ...200415628806
dna vaccination against respiratory syncytial virus in young calves.a dna vaccine encoding the fusion (f) gene (dna-f) of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) induced significant protection against brsv infection in young calves. however, serum antibody to rsv developed more slowly in animals vaccinated with dna-f when compared with those previously infected with brsv. furthermore, protection against brsv infection was not as great as that induced by prior brsv infection. although there was little difference in the level of protection induced in calves vacc ...200515652666
microbiologic findings in feedlot cattle with acute interstitial pneumonia.to test the hypothesis that feedlot cattle with acute interstitial pneumonia (aip) have bacterial infection of the lung or liver and concurrent bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) infection significantly more often than pen mates without aip animals: 39 feedlot cattle with signs consistent with aip and no history of treatment with antimicrobials and 32 healthy control cattle from the same pens.200415566091
formulation with cpg oligodeoxynucleotides prevents induction of pulmonary immunopathology following priming with formalin-inactivated or commercial killed bovine respiratory syncytial virus vaccine.commercial killed bovine respiratory syncytial virus (k-brsv) and formalin-inactivated brsv (fi-brsv) tend to induce th2-type immune responses, which may not be protective and may even be detrimental during subsequent exposure to the virus. in this study we assessed the ability of cpg oligodeoxynucleotides (odns) to aid in the generation of effective and protective brsv-specific immune responses. mice were immunized subcutaneously with fi-brsv formulated with cpg odn, emulsigen (em), cpg odn and ...200515681404
marked induction of il-6, haptoglobin and ifngamma following experimental brsv infection in young calves.bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) has been identified worldwide as an important pathogen associated with acute respiratory disease in calves. an infection model has been developed reflecting accurately the clinical course and the development of pathological signs during a natural brsv-infection. in the experiments described in the present study, calves were infected at 13-21 weeks of age and reinfected 14 weeks later. blood samples from the entire infection period were analysed for acute ...200515690587
protection against bovine respiratory syncytial virus challenge following a single dose of vaccine in young calves with maternal antibody.twenty-one young calves with maternally derived antibody to bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) were divided into three groups of seven, each group balanced for brsv antibody titre. the calves had no evidence of previous exposure to brsv. the calves in one group were given a single dose of a monovalent modified live brsv vaccine; the calves in the second group were given a single dose of an inactivated combined brsv, parainfluenza virus type 3, mannheimia haemolytica vaccine and the calves ...200515715005
complete sequence of the rna genome of pneumonia virus of mice (pvm).pneumonia virus of mice (pvm) is an enveloped rna-containing virus of family paramyxoviridae. sequences had been determined previously for a number of pvm genes, although these represented cloned cdnas rather than consensus sequences. sequences were not available for the 3' -leader and 5' -trailer regions that constitute the genome termini or for the large polymerase l gene that accounts for 43% of the genome. also, the available sequences were from an attenuated variant of strain 15, whereas th ...200515744580
genetic and antigenic analyses of bovine respiratory syncytial virus detected in japan.genetic and antigenic analyses of bovine respiratory syncytial virus were conducted on 12 field strains from tohoku and hokuriku districts in japan during from 2002 to 2004. on the phylogenetic tree of the nucleotide sequences of the glycoprotein region, the examined strains fell in the same cluster as the strain isolated in nebraska and were classified as the subgroup iii. the examined strains were subdivided into 2 lineages (a, b). isoleucine 200 of the epitope domain was replaced by threonine ...200515750309
effects of a single intranasal dose of modified-live bovine respiratory syncytial virus vaccine on resistance to subsequent viral challenge in calves.to determine whether a single intranasal dose of modified-live bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) vaccine protects calves from brsv challenge and characterize cell-mediated immune response in calves following brsv challenge.200415027687
real time rt-pcr for the detection and quantitation of bovine respiratory syncytial virus.a quantitative real time rt-pcr assay was developed to detect and quantify bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) in the respiratory tract of infected animals. a pair of primers and a taqman probe targeting conserved regions of the nucleoprotein gene of brsv were designed. the detection limit of the assay was shown to be 10(3) rna copies and standard curve demonstrated a linear range from 10(3) to 10(8) copies as well as an excellent reproducibility. the efficiency of the brsv real time rt-pc ...200515794981
efficacy of a saponin-adjuvanted inactivated respiratory syncytial virus vaccine in calves.the objective of this study was to determine whether a commercially available, saponin-adjuvanted, inactivated bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) vaccine would protect calves from experimental infection with virulent brsv. this was a randomized controlled trial comprising 14, 8- to 9-week-old calves seronegative for brsv group 1 calves (n = 8) were not vaccinated and group 2 calves (n = 6) were vaccinated on days 0 and 19 with an inactivated brsv vaccine. all calves were challenged with v ...200515825518
viral and bacterial pathogens in bovine respiratory disease in finland.pathogens causing bovine respiratory tract disease in finland were investigated. eighteen cattle herds with bovine respiratory disease were included. five diseased calves from each farm were chosen for closer examination and tracheobronchial lavage. blood samples were taken from the calves at the time of the investigation and from 86 calves 3-4 weeks later. in addition, 6-10 blood samples from animals of different ages were collected from each herd, resulting in 169 samples. serum samples were t ...200415663079
Displaying items 401 - 500 of 794