| evolution of a t-b- scid into an omenn syndrome phenotype following parainfluenza 3 virus infection. | mutations in both of the recombination activating genes (rag)1 and rag2 can lead to either t-b-severe combined immune deficiency (scid) or omenn syndrome (os), two diseases presenting with totally different clinical and laboratory manifestations. the fact that the same mutations can cause either t-b- scid or os, even within the same family, lends credibility to the hypothesis that an additional factor (autoantigen or exoantigen) is required in certain circumstances for the development of os phen ... | 2005 | 15870023 |
| structural studies of the parainfluenza virus 5 hemagglutinin-neuraminidase tetramer in complex with its receptor, sialyllactose. | the paramyxovirus hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) functions in virus attachment to cells, cleavage of sialic acid from oligosaccharides, and stimulating membrane fusion during virus entry into cells. the structural basis for these diverse functions remains to be fully understood. we report the crystal structures of the parainfluenza virus 5 (sv5) hn and its complexes with sialic acid, the inhibitor dana, and the receptor sialyllactose. sv5 hn shares common structural features with hn of newcast ... | 2005 | 15893670 |
| inhibition of stat 1 phosphorylation by human parainfluenza virus type 3 c protein. | the p mrna of the viruses belonging to the subfamily paramyxovirinae possesses a unique property of giving rise to several accessory proteins by a process that involves the utilization of overlapping open reading frames (the c proteins) and by an "rna-editing" mechanism (the v proteins). although these proteins are considered accessory, numerous studies have highlighted the importance of these proteins in virus transcription and interferon signaling, including our previous observation on the rol ... | 2005 | 15919942 |
| dynamics of virus infections involved in the bovine respiratory disease complex in swedish dairy herds. | the dynamics of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), bovine parainfluenza virus 3 (piv-3), bovine corona virus (bcov) and bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) infections were studied in 118 dairy herds in south western sweden. by using serology on paired samples from three approximately 7 vs. approximately 15-month-old calves per herd, the propagation of infections was investigated over about a 1-year period. the results implied that at least 74% of calves had experienced one or more of the ... | 2006 | 15964774 |
| structure of the uncleaved ectodomain of the paramyxovirus (hpiv3) fusion protein. | class i viral fusion proteins share common mechanistic and structural features but little sequence similarity. structural insights into the protein conformational changes associated with membrane fusion are based largely on studies of the influenza virus hemagglutinin in pre- and postfusion conformations. here, we present the crystal structure of the secreted, uncleaved ectodomain of the paramyxovirus, human parainfluenza virus 3 fusion (f) protein, a member of the class i viral fusion protein g ... | 2005 | 15964978 |
| entry of parainfluenza virus into cells as a target for interrupting childhood respiratory disease. | human parainfluenza viruses cause several serious respiratory diseases in children for which there is no effective prevention or therapy. parainfluenza viruses initiate infection by binding to cell surface receptors and then, via coordinated action of the 2 viral surface glycoproteins, fuse directly with the cell membrane to release the viral replication machinery into the host cell's cytoplasm. during this process, the receptor-binding molecule must trigger the viral fusion protein to mediate f ... | 2005 | 16007245 |
| symptomatic respiratory syncytial virus infection in previously healthy young adults living in a crowded military environment. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is a potentially important cause of acute respiratory illness in many populations, including military recruits receiving basic training. understanding the full impact of rsv infection is challenging because of difficulties in diagnosis and the limitations of past epidemiologic studies. in this study, we set out to determine the prevalence and clinical characteristics of rsv infection and infection caused by other common viral agents in a population of ... | 2005 | 16007526 |
| the prevalence and microbiology of pneumonia in a flock of lambs. | a flock of new zealand romney lambs on a property in hawkes bay was examined from august 1978 to june 1979. in november, the lambs in the flock were allocated to groups as follows: 600 lambs from which groups were selected for slaughter by commercial criteria each month (selected groups); 700 lambs which were subdivided into 8 groups (random groups), one of which was sent for slaughter each month; and 25 lambs to monitor serological responses to viral infections (surveillance group). at slaughte ... | 1983 | 16030927 |
| vaccination against ovine pneumonia: a progress report. | the results of three field trials of a live, cold-adapted, parainfluenza virus type 3 vaccine supported the hypothesis that infection with this virus initiates some ovine pneumonias. the serological response following vaccination was poor and only 22-44% of vaccinates developed a serum antibody response by two weeks after vaccination. nevertheless, the prevalence of pneumonia was lower in vaccinated lambs in all three trials at the time that natural infection with pi3 was detected in the non-vac ... | 1983 | 16030967 |
| viruses associated with outbreaks of equine respiratory disease in new zealand. | to identify viruses associated with respiratory disease in young horses in new zealand. | 2002 | 16032259 |
| equine respiratory viruses in foals in new zealand. | to identify the respiratory viruses that are present among foals in new zealand and to establish the age at which foals first become infected with these viruses. | 2002 | 16032260 |
| few but severe viral infections in children with cancer: a prospective rt-pcr and pcr-based 12-month study. | treatment of low-risk febrile episodes with oral administered antibiotics at home is a new approach in pediatric oncology and protective isolation is loosened in more centers. the impact of viral respiratory infections in febrile diseases in this population is still unclear in terms of occurrence and morbidity. | 2005 | 16047356 |
| immunohistochemical detection of parainfluenza type 3 virus antigens in paraffin sections of pneumonic caprine lungs. | pneumonia is a leading cause of loss to ruminants throughout the world. parainfluenza type-3 virus (pi-3) is one of the most important respiratory pathogens of bovine and ovine. in this study, prevalence of pi-3 virus infection as causative agent of pneumonia in goats was investigated. for this purpose, a total of 1505 goat lungs slaughtered in bitlis and van slaughterhouses were grossly examined and pneumonia was detected in 74 cases (4.91%). lesions were more frequently encountered in anterove ... | 2005 | 16050906 |
| development of a real-time rt-pcr assay for detection and quantitation of parainfluenza virus 3. | a taqman-based real-time rt-pcr assay was developed to detect and quantify human parainfluenza virus 3 (piv3). two sets of primer-probe pairs were designed based on the nucleotide (nt) sequence of the nucleocapsid (n) gene. the primer-probe pairs were derived from the 3' end of the n gene (set 1) and the 5' region of the gene (set 2), respectively. using real-time rt-pcr, the sensitivity of set 1 was determined to be about 9 copies of piv3 genome, while the sensitivity of set 2 was about 93 copi ... | 2005 | 16076498 |
| down-regulation of p53 by double-stranded rna modulates the antiviral response. | p53 has been well characterized as a tumor suppressor gene, but its role in antiviral defense remains unclear. a recent report has demonstrated that p53 can be induced by interferons and is activated after vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) infection. we observed that different nononcogenic viruses, including encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) and human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv3), induced down-regulation of p53 in infected cells. double-stranded rna (dsrna) and a mutant vaccinia virus lacki ... | 2005 | 16103161 |
| croup is associated with the novel coronavirus nl63. | the clinical relevance of infections with the novel human coronavirus nl63 (hcov-nl63) has not been investigated systematically. we therefore determined its association with disease in young children with lower respiratory tract infection (lrti). | 2005 | 16104827 |
| [diagnostic tests: parainfluenza virus 1, 2, 3, 4]. | | 2005 | 16111271 |
| a review of vaccine research and development: human acute respiratory infections. | worldwide, acute respiratory infections (aris) constitute the leading cause of acute illnesses, being responsible for nearly 4 million deaths every year, mostly in young children and infants in developing countries. the main infectious agents responsible for aris include influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv-3), streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae. while effective vaccines against influenza, h. influenzae type b (hib) and s. pneumonia ... | 2005 | 16154667 |
| new transtracheal bronchoalveolar lavage technique for the diagnosis of respiratory disease in sheep. | a new transtracheal bronchoalveolar lavage technique for the diagnosis of respiratory disease in sheep under field conditions was tested in 76 sheep. the sheep were divided into three groups, normal sheep, sheep with clinical signs of respiratory disease and housed sheep, on the basis of their respiratory disease history and husbandry conditions. the detection of mannheimia haemolytica and mycoplasma ovipneumoniae or parainfluenza virus type 3 and bovine respiratory syncytial virus antigen in th ... | 2005 | 16155238 |
| human parainfluenza virus 3 neuraminidase activity contributes to dendritic cell maturation. | mechanisms of dendritic cells (dcs) immunomodulation by parainfluenza viruses have not been characterized. we analyzed whether the human parainfluenza 3 (hpf3) virus hemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycoprotein (hn) might influence dc maturation. hn possesses a receptor binding function and a neuraminidase or desialidating activity. to assess whether the neuraminidase activity of hn affects dc maturation, human myeloid dcs were exposed to either live or uv-inactivated hpf3 viruses containing wild ty ... | 2005 | 16212531 |
| naturally occurring parainfluenza virus 3 infection in adults induces mild exacerbation of asthma associated with increased sputum concentrations of cysteinyl leukotrienes. | viral respiratory tract infections represent the most frequent cause of asthma exacerbation in both children and adults, but the precise mechanism of such exacerbation remains unknown. | 2005 | 16215328 |
| recombinant newcastle disease virus expressing a foreign viral antigen is attenuated and highly immunogenic in primates. | paramyxoviruses such as human parainfluenza viruses that bear inserts encoding protective antigens of heterologous viruses can induce an effective immunity against the heterologous viruses in experimental animals. however, vectors based on common human pathogens would be expected to be restricted in replication in the adult human population due to high seroprevalence, an effect that would reduce vector immunogenicity. to address this issue, we evaluated newcastle disease virus (ndv), an avian pa ... | 2005 | 16227250 |
| contribution of respiratory syncytial virus, influenza and parainfluenza viruses to acute respiratory infections in san luis potosí, mexico. | respiratory viruses are the main pathogens associated with acute respiratory illness (ari) in children. | 2005 | 16371864 |
| transmissibility, infectivity and immunogenicity of a live human parainfluenza type 3 virus vaccine (hpiv3cp45) among susceptible infants and toddlers. | this study examined the transmissibility between young children of an intranasally administered live attenuated human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv3)-cp45 vaccine candidate. | 2006 | 16406170 |
| paramyxovirus receptor-binding molecules: engagement of one site on the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein modulates activity at the second site. | the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) protein of paramyxoviruses carries out three different activities: receptor binding, receptor cleaving (neuraminidase), and triggering of the fusion protein. these three discrete properties each affect the ability of hn to promote viral fusion and entry. for human parainfluenza type 3, one bifunctional site on hn can carry out both binding and neuraminidase, and the receptor mimic, zanamivir, impairs viral entry by blocking receptor binding. we report here th ... | 2006 | 16414997 |
| respiratory viruses augment the adhesion of bacterial pathogens to respiratory epithelium in a viral species- and cell type-dependent manner. | secondary bacterial infections often complicate respiratory viral infections, but the mechanisms whereby viruses predispose to bacterial disease are not completely understood. we determined the effects of infection with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), human parainfluenza virus 3 (hpiv-3), and influenza virus on the abilities of nontypeable haemophilus influenzae and streptococcus pneumoniae to adhere to respiratory epithelial cells and how these viruses alter the expression of known receptors ... | 2006 | 16439519 |
| a single intranasal inoculation with a paramyxovirus-vectored vaccine protects guinea pigs against a lethal-dose ebola virus challenge. | to determine whether intranasal inoculation with a paramyxovirus-vectored vaccine can induce protective immunity against ebola virus (ev), recombinant human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv3) was modified to express either the ev structural glycoprotein (gp) by itself (hpiv3/ebogp) or together with the ev nucleoprotein (np) (hpiv3/ebogp-np). expression of ev gp by these recombinant viruses resulted in its efficient incorporation into virus particles and increased cytopathic effect in vero cells. ... | 2006 | 16474134 |
| bronchiolitis in abha, southwest saudi arabia: viral etiology and predictors for hospital admission. | bronchiolitis is the most common lower respiratory tract infection in children less than 24 months of age and the most frequent cause of hospitalization in infants under 6 months of age. | 2005 | 16483044 |
| structural analysis of a designed inhibitor complexed with the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase of newcastle disease virus. | viruses of the paramyxoviridae family are the leading cause of respiratory disease in children. the human parainfluenza viruses (hpiv) are members of the paramyxovirinae subfamily, which also includes mumps virus, newcastle disease virus (ndv), sendai virus (sv) and simian type 5 virus (sv5). on the surface of these viruses is the glycoprotein hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn), which is responsible for cell attachment, promotion of fusion and release of progeny virions. this multifunctional natur ... | 2006 | 16575531 |
| molecular detection of microbes in nasal tissue of dogs with idiopathic lymphoplasmacytic rhinitis. | lymphoplasmacytic rhinitis (lpr) is a common histologic finding in dogs with chronic nasal disease; however, potential etiologies of this disorder have not been examined. we investigated the hypothesis that specific microbes contribute to clinical disease in dogs with lpr. paraffin-embedded nasal biopsies were obtained from 19 dogs with lpr, 10 dogs with nasal neoplasia, and 10 dogs with nasal aspergillosis. nucleic acids were extracted from paraffin blocks, and real-time quantitative polymerase ... | 2006 | 16594580 |
| a six-year study on respiratory viral infections in a bull testing facility. | viral infection dynamics and bovine respiratory disease (brd) treatment rates were studied over six years at a swedish bull testing station with an 'all in, all out' management system. in august of each of the years 1998-2003, between 149 and 185 4-8-month-old calves arrived at the station from 99 to 124 different beef-breeding herds, and remained until march the following year. only calves that tested free from bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) were allowed to enter the station and original a ... | 2007 | 16647871 |
| the impact of infection with human metapneumovirus and other respiratory viruses in young infants and children at high risk for severe pulmonary disease. | we conducted a prospective, observational study to characterize the clinical manifestations of respiratory infections caused by human metapneumovirus (hmpv) and other viruses in 194 premature infants and young children with chronic lung disease or congenital heart disease in buenos aires. children had 567 episodes of respiratory illness and were monitored until they were 2 years old or until the completion of the study. hmpv elicited 12 infections (2%) year-round; 30% were of moderate or greater ... | 2006 | 16652283 |
| roles of human parainfluenza virus type 3 bases 13 to 78 in replication and transcription: identification of an additional replication promoter element and evidence for internal transcription initiation. | the genomic promoter of human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv3) contains multiple cis-elements controlling transcription and replication. previous work showed that regions 1 to 12 and 79 to 96 were critical in promoting replication of an hpiv3 minireplicon, while the intergenic sequence and n gene start signal (is/ngs, bases 49 to 61) were important for transcription. because these data were collected primarily using point mutations, not every base from position 1 to 96 was analyzed, and some i ... | 2006 | 16699019 |
| antiviral effects of glycosylation and glucose trimming inhibitors on human parainfluenza virus type 3. | endoplasmic reticulum (er) alpha-glucosidase inhibitors block the trimming of n-linked glycosylation and thus prevent the production of several viruses. the present study investigates the antiviral effects of the alpha-glucosidase and alpha-mannosidase inhibitors (castanospermine, 1-deoxynojirimycin, bromoconduritol, deoxymannojirimycin and swainsonine) on human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv3). the alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (castanospermine, 1-deoxynojirimycin) in recombinant expression sy ... | 2006 | 16730076 |
| evaluation of a live trivalent vaccine for infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, para-influenza type-3 virus and pasteurella multocida in calves. | a live trivalent vaccine for infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (ibr), para-influenza type-3 virus (pi3) and pasteurella multocida type b vaccine was prepared. the preparation contained 10(7) tcid50 of ibr, 10(7) tcid50 of pi3 & 10(9) cfu of p. multocida type b per 3 ml. ten calves (5-7 days old) were vaccinated intranasally while five unvaccinated calves of the same age were used as control. vaccinated calves were examined daily for disease manifestation. serum and nasal secretion specimen ... | 2004 | 16734122 |
| [parainfluenza virus infections in pediatric patients with acute respiratory infections in beijing during 2001 - 2003]. | to understand the relationship of parainfluenza virus (piv) and acute respiratory infections in infants and young children in beijing, occurred in recent years. | 2006 | 16737572 |
| parainfluenza type 3 infection post stem cell transplant: high prevalence but low mortality. | parainfluenza type 3 (piv 3) is a well-recognized cause of respiratory illness after stem cell transplantation (sct), with an estimated incidence of 2-7% and a high mortality rate associated with lower respiratory tract infection (lrti). a 12-month retrospective study was undertaken in which 23 positive cases of piv 3 occurred in sct recipients. the frequency of infection was 36.1% in matched unrelated donor sct recipients, 23.8% in sibling allogeneic sct recipients and 2.3% in autologous transp ... | 2006 | 16772104 |
| induction of antigen-specific t-cell subset activation to bovine respiratory disease viruses by a modified-live virus vaccine. | to determine the efficacy of a modified-live virus vaccine containing bovine herpes virus 1 (bhv-1), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), parainfluenza virus 3, and bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) types 1 and 2 to induce neutralizing antibodies and cell-mediated immunity in naïve cattle and protect against bhv-1 challenge. | 2006 | 16817740 |
| comparison of real-time pcr assays with fluorescent-antibody assays for diagnosis of respiratory virus infections in children. | conventional fluorescent-antibody (fa) methods were compared to real-time pcr assays for detection of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), influenza virus type a (flua), parainfluenza virus types 1, 2, and 3 (piv1, piv2, and piv3), human metapneumovirus (mpv), and adenovirus (adv) in 1,138 specimens from children with respiratory illnesses collected over a 1-year period. at least one virus was detected in 436 (38.3%) specimens by fa and in 608 (53.4%) specimens by pcr (p<0.001). specimen quality w ... | 2006 | 16825353 |
| viral etiology of pneumonia in a cohort of newborns till 24 months of age in rural mirzapur, bangladesh. | limited information is available on the etiology of acute lower respiratory infection (alri) particularly pneumonia in the rural community of developing countries since most etiological studies are carried out in the hospital settings. this study examined the etiology of pneumonia among young children in a rural community of bangladesh. a cohort of 252 newborns was followed till 24 months of age during 1993-1996. community health workers (chws) identified cases of alri during household surveilla ... | 2006 | 16857616 |
| infection of human airway epithelium by human and avian strains of influenza a virus. | we describe the characterization of influenza a virus infection of an established in vitro model of human pseudostratified mucociliary airway epithelium (hae). sialic acid receptors for both human and avian viruses, alpha-2,6- and alpha-2,3-linked sialic acids, respectively, were detected on the hae cell surface, and their distribution accurately reflected that in human tracheobronchial tissue. nonciliated cells present a higher proportion of alpha-2,6-linked sialic acid, while ciliated cells po ... | 2006 | 16873262 |
| parotitis associated with a parainfluenza virus type 3 infection during aplasia after unrelated allogeneic stem cell transplantation. | | 2006 | 16966297 |
| inhibition of hendra virus fusion. | hendra virus (hev) is a recently identified paramyxovirus that is fatal in humans and could be used as an agent of bioterrorism. the hev receptor-binding protein (g) is required in order for the fusion protein (f) to mediate fusion, and analysis of the triggering/activation of hev f by g should lead to strategies for interfering with this key step in viral entry. hev f, once triggered by the receptor-bound g, by analogy with other paramyxovirus f proteins, undergoes multistep conformational chan ... | 2006 | 16973588 |
| seasonal trends of human parainfluenza viral infections: united states, 1990-2004. | human parainfluenza viruses (hpivs) are important causes of upper and lower respiratory tract illness among children and adults. | 2006 | 16983614 |
| comparison of multiplex pcr assays and conventional techniques for the diagnostic of respiratory virus infections in children admitted to hospital with an acute respiratory illness. | the performances of four multiplex pcr (m-pcr) were compared to direct immunofluorescence assay (dfa) and huh7 cell culture for the detection of viruses in 263 children admitted to hospital with an acute respiratory illness. one hundred fifty (57.6%) nasal aspirates were found dfa-positive; 188 (72.3%) were found positive by both dfa and huh7 cell culture, and 242 (92%) were pcr-positive. the m-pcr detected 124 viruses which were not found by conventional methods: 68 rhinovirus, 17 human metapne ... | 2006 | 16998894 |
| exposure to human respiratory viruses among urban performing monkeys in indonesia. | performing monkeys, a common phenomena in asia, occupy a unique urban niche that comprises a number of factors influencing the likelihood of cross-species transmission of pathogens. here we present the first documented evidence of exposure to measles, rubella, and parainfluenza in a population of performing monkeys. evidence of exposure to these endemic human respiratory viruses in the performing monkeys confirms human-to-primate transmission and suggests the possibility of primate-to-human tran ... | 2006 | 17038700 |
| medical burden of respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza virus type 3 infection among us children. implications for design of vaccine trials. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv3) are two leading causes of lower respiratory illness (lri) in infants. many efforts have been directed to develop vaccines against these two viruses. licensure of new vaccines includes three phases of clinical trials to evaluate safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy. to design an efficacy trial, age-specific incidence rates of suitable clinical endpoints need to be available. in this review, historical data are summarized to e ... | 2005 | 17038832 |
| [detection of etiologic agents and antibiotic resistance in children with acute lower respiratory tract infection in wenzhou city]. | the etiology of acute lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) in children in wenzhou city remains poorly defined. this study investigated the etiological agents responsible for acute lrti and patterns of the antibiotic resistant bacterial pathogens in children with acute lrti from wenzhou city. | 2006 | 17052392 |
| a chimeric alphavirus rna replicon gene-based vaccine for human parainfluenza virus type 3 induces protective immunity against intranasal virus challenge. | parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv3) infections continue to be a significant health risk for infants, young children, and immunocompromised adults. we describe a gene-based vaccine strategy against piv3 using replication-defective alphavirus vectors. these rna replicon vectors, delivered as virus-like particles and expressing the piv3 hemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycoprotein, were shown to be highly immunogenic in mice and hamsters, inducing piv3-specific neutralizing antibody responses. importantl ... | 2007 | 17052811 |
| etiology of respiratory disease in non-vaccinated, non-medicated calves in rearing herds. | the aim of this study was to examine the occurrence of bacterial, mycoplasmal and viral pathogens in the lower respiratory tract of calves in all-in all-out calf-rearing units. according to clinical status, non-medicated calves with and without respiratory disease signs were selected of the 40 herds investigated to analyse the micro-organisms present in healthy and diseased calves. tracheobronchial lavage (tbl) and paired serum samples were analysed for bacteria, mycoplasmas, respiratory syncyti ... | 2007 | 17084565 |
| an improved method for the recovery of recombinant paramyxovirus vaccine candidates suitable for use in human clinical trials. | we describe a method for the generation of clinical grade, live-attenuated vaccines in vero cells entirely from cdna plasmids. the entire electroporation procedure can be completed in less than 15 minutes and this is a significant improvement over previous lipid or electroporation based transfection techniques that also involve a heat-shock step. importantly, the virus preparations can be generated with a minimal use of animal product derived materials, an important consideration for a vaccine c ... | 2007 | 17210187 |
| a second receptor binding site on human parainfluenza virus type 3 hemagglutinin-neuraminidase contributes to activation of the fusion mechanism. | the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) protein of paramyxoviruses carries out three discrete activities that each affect the ability of hn to promote viral fusion and entry: receptor binding, receptor cleaving (neuraminidase), and triggering of the fusion protein. the interrelationship between the receptor binding and fusion-triggering functions of hn has not been clear. for human parainfluenza type 3 (hpiv3), one bifunctional site on hn can carry out both receptor binding and neuraminidase activi ... | 2007 | 17229690 |
| synthesis and evaluation of 4-o-alkylated 2-deoxy-2,3-didehydro-n-acetylneuraminic acid derivatives as inhibitors of human parainfluenza virus type-3 sialidase activity. | the x-ray crystal structure of the paramyxoviral surface glycoprotein haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) from newcastle disease virus was used as a template to design inhibitors of the hn from human parainfluenza virus type-3 (hpiv-3). 4-o-alkylated derivatives of 2-deoxy-2,3-didehydro-n-acetylneuraminic acid (neu5ac2en), accessed from 8,9-o-isopropylidenated-neu5ac2en1me, were found to inhibit the sialidase (neuraminidase) activity of hpiv-3 (strain c243) in the range of 3-30mum. this is compara ... | 2007 | 17236768 |
| serologic survey for pathogens potentially affecting pronghorn (antilocapra americana) fawn recruitment in arizona, usa. | during the 1990s, pronghorn (antilocapra americana) populations declined in arizona, usa. to investigate potential causes of decline, we collected blood samples from hunter-harvested male pronghorn from 2001 to 2003 on four arizona sites. sera were tested for antibody to parainfluenza virus type 3 (pi3), bovine viral diarrhea virus, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, bovine respiratory syncytial virus, epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv), bluetongue virus (btv), and chlamydia psitta ... | 2006 | 17255453 |
| antiviral activity and rna polymerase degradation following hsp90 inhibition in a range of negative strand viruses. | we have analyzed the effectiveness of hsp90 inhibitors in blocking the replication of negative-strand rna viruses. in cells infected with the prototype negative strand virus vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv), inhibiting hsp90 activity reduced viral replication in cells infected at both high and low multiplicities of infection. this inhibition was observed using two hsp90 inhibitors geldanamycin and radicicol. silencing of hsp90 expression using sirna also reduced viral replication. hsp90 inhibiti ... | 2007 | 17258257 |
| association of bovine respiratory disease with clinical status and acute phase proteins in calves. | eighty-four calves with respiratory disease from 18 herds in different parts of finland were chosen for a study evaluating the capacity of different respiratory pathogens to cause changes in different acute phase protein concentrations, white blood cell (wbc) count and clinical signs. the selected acute phase proteins were fibrinogen, haptoglobin, serum amyloid-a, lipopolysaccharide binding protein and alpha1-acid glycoprotein. from each calf, a paired blood sample was obtained for serological s ... | 2007 | 17258318 |
| a daring treatment and a successful outcome: the need for targeted therapies for pediatric respiratory viruses. | | 2007 | 17300487 |
| long-term therapy with aerosolized ribavirin for parainfluenza 3 virus respiratory tract infection in an infant with severe combined immunodeficiency. | we report the case of an infant with severe combined immunodeficiency who was presented with piv3 infection. aerosolized ribavirin was administered for 10 months until the child gained a functional immune system through an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant and cleared piv3 infection. no adverse effect was observed in the child and in healthcare personnel, with a follow-up of three years. despite the burden of aerosolized administration, early and prolonged administration of aerosoliz ... | 2007 | 17300503 |
| detection and typing by molecular techniques of respiratory viruses in children hospitalized for acute respiratory infection in rome, italy. | detection of a broad number of respiratory viruses is not undertaken currently for the diagnosis of acute respiratory infection due to the large and always increasing list of pathogens involved. a 1-year study was undertaken on children hospitalized consecutively for acute respiratory infection in a pediatric department in rome to characterize the viruses involved. two hundred twenty-seven children were enrolled in the study with a diagnosis of asthma, bronchiolitis, bronchopneumonia, or laringo ... | 2007 | 17311326 |
| drying-induced variations in physico-chemical properties of amorphous pharmaceuticals and their impact on stability ii: stability of a vaccine. | to investigate the impact of drying method on the storage stability of dried vaccine formulations. | 2007 | 17372697 |
| seroprevalence of selected viral and bacterial pathogens in free-ranging european bison from the białowieza primeval forest (poland). | blood was collected from bison that were selected between 1991 and 2001 for poor body condition, cachexia, lameness and balanoposthitis. sera were tested for antibodies to bovine herpes virus type 1 (bhv-1), bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv), foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv), parainfluenza virus type 3 (pi-3), brucella abortus, chlamydophila abortus, coxiella burnetti, and leptospira interrogans. the results of serological tests showed a prevalence of low titers of a serological reaction to ... | 2007 | 17388020 |
| molecular investigations of an outbreak of parainfluenza virus type 3 and respiratory syncytial virus infections in a hematology unit. | a large simultaneous outbreak of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and parainfluenza type 3 (piv-3) infections occurred on an adult hematology unit. implementation of enhanced infection control was complicated by cocirculation of the two different viruses, with prolonged viral shedding from infected patients, and placed great pressure on health care staff; of 27 infected hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients, 9 died, and the unit was closed for 2 months. retrospective molecular investigati ... | 2007 | 17392447 |
| successful topical respiratory tract immunization of primates against ebola virus. | ebola virus causes outbreaks of severe viral hemorrhagic fever with high mortality in humans. the virus is highly contagious and can be transmitted by contact and by the aerosol route. these features make ebola virus a potential weapon for bioterrorism and biological warfare. therefore, a vaccine that induces both systemic and local immune responses in the respiratory tract would be highly beneficial. we evaluated a common pediatric respiratory pathogen, human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv3), ... | 2007 | 17428868 |
| comparison of the "prodect bcs rv chip" assay with the combination of shell vial cell culture and immunofluorescence antibody test for the detection of respiratory viruses. | in the present study, a multiplex reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction combined with a chip hybridization assay (prodect bcs rv chip) was evaluated as an alternative to the combination of immunofluorescent antibody test and shell vial cell culture considered as gold standard for the detection of respiratory viruses. among 100 specimens, 40 were positive using the combination of immunofluorescent antibody test and shell vial cell culture assay in which 9 of them were infected by two di ... | 2007 | 17433455 |
| human parainfluenza viruses hpiv1 and hpiv3 bind oligosaccharides with alpha2-3-linked sialic acids that are distinct from those bound by h5 avian influenza virus hemagglutinin. | we investigated the binding of human parainfluenza virus types 1 and 3 (hpiv1 and hpiv3, respectively) to the glycan array of the consortium for functional glycomics and binding and their release from erythrocytes under conditions where neuraminidase is inactive or active. hpiv1 and hpiv3 bind modifications of neu5acalpha2-3galbeta1-4glcnac, including the sialyl-lewis(x) motif and structures containing 6-sulfogalactose. hpiv1 and hpiv3 thus bind typical n-linked glycans, in contrast to avian inf ... | 2007 | 17522226 |
| small-molecule activators of rnase l with broad-spectrum antiviral activity. | rnase l, a principal mediator of innate immunity to viral infections in higher vertebrates, is required for a complete ifn antiviral response against certain rna stranded viruses. dsrna produced during viral infections activates ifn-inducible synthetases that produce 5'-phosphorylated, 2',5'-oligoadenylates (2-5a) from atp. 2-5a activates rnase l in a wide range of different mammalian cell types, thus blocking viral replication. however, 2-5a has unfavorable pharmacologic properties; it is rapid ... | 2007 | 17535916 |
| bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 accessory proteins that suppress beta interferon production. | the paramyxovirus p gene encodes accessory proteins antagonistic to interferon (ifn). viral proteins responsible for the ifn antagonism, however, are distinct among paramyxoviruses. here we determine bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (bpiv3) ifn antagonists that suppress ifn-beta production, and investigate the underlying molecular mechanism. of bpiv3 p gene products, c and v proteins were found to suppress double-stranded rna-stimulated ifn-beta production. the v protein of bpiv3 and sendai vir ... | 2007 | 17548221 |
| a prospective three-year cohort study of the epidemiology and virology of acute respiratory infections of children in rural india. | acute respiratory infection (ari) is a major killer of children in developing countries. although the frequency of ari is similar in both developed and developing countries, mortality due to ari is 10-50 times higher in developing countries. viruses are common causes of ari among such children, yet the disease burden of these infections in rural communities is unknown. | 2007 | 17551572 |
| fusion promotion by a paramyxovirus hemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein: ph modulation of receptor avidity of binding sites i and ii. | paramyxoviruses, including the childhood respiratory pathogen human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv3), possess an envelope protein hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) that has receptor-cleaving (neuraminidase), as well as receptor-binding, activity. hn is a type ii transmembrane glycoprotein, present on the surface of the virus as a tetramer composed of two dimers. hn is also essential for activating the fusion protein (f) to mediate merger of the viral envelope with the host cell membrane. this i ... | 2007 | 17567695 |
| detection of parainfluenza virus 3 in turbinate epithelial cells of postviral olfactory dysfunction patients. | postviral olfactory dysfunction (pvod) develops after a common cold, but little is known about the viral pathogen inducing olfactory dysfunction. we hypothesized that human parainfluenza virus 3 (piv3) may cause pvod. we therefore assayed the nasal cavity mucosae of pvod patients for the presence or persistence of piv3. | 2007 | 17572640 |
| early days in interferon research. | i describe in this article the early days of interferon research in france. in 1957, when isaacs and lindenmann published their results in the same time we worked on a para-influenza 3 virus inhibitor. thereafter we confirmed this important discovery and initiated research studies about anti-tumor action of interferon. | 2007 | 17573176 |
| influenzavirus infection is a primary cause of febrile respiratory illness in hiv-infected adults, despite vaccination. | there are, to our knowledge, no prospective studies of respiratory tract infections in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected adults in the highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart) era. we performed a surveillance study of outpatients who presented with fever and respiratory symptoms to examine the role of viral pathogens in these patients. | 2007 | 17578785 |
| detection of antibodies and risk factors for infection with bovine respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza virus-3 in beef cattle of yucatan, mexico. | we collected blood samples from 756 > or =2-year-old cattle in 54 herds in yucatan, mexico, and used all of those to determine the antibody seroprevalences (in an indirect enzyme-linked inmunosorbance assay) to bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) and risk factors for animal-level seropositivity. we used 728 of the same samples (from 52 of the same herds) to do the same for parainfluenza virus-3 (piv3). cattle were selected by two-stage cluster sampling. herd-level and animal-level risk fac ... | 2007 | 17590461 |
| molecular determinants of antiviral potency of paramyxovirus entry inhibitors. | hendra virus (hev) and nipah virus (niv) constitute the henipavirus genus of paramyxoviruses, both fatal in humans and with the potential for subversion as agents of bioterrorism. binding of the hev/niv attachment protein (g) to its receptor triggers a series of conformational changes in the fusion protein (f), ultimately leading to formation of a postfusion six-helix bundle (6hb) structure and fusion of the viral and cellular membranes. the ectodomain of paramyxovirus f proteins contains two co ... | 2007 | 17652384 |
| lentiviruses inefficiently incorporate human parainfluenza type 3 envelope proteins. | we have previously shown that the envelope glycoproteins of human parainfluenza type 3 (hpiv3), f and hn, are able to pseudotype lentiviruses, but the titers of these viruses are too low for use in clinical gene transfer. in this study we investigated the cause of these low titers. we compared the mrna and protein expression levels of hn and f in transfected cells and in cells infected with wild-type hpiv3. transfected cells contained similar levels of hn and f cytosolic mrna, but fewer cell-sur ... | 2008 | 17705232 |
| optimisation of the response to respiratory virus vaccines in cattle. | | 2007 | 17720964 |
| significant rising antibody titres to influenza a are associated with an acute reduction in milk yield in cattle. | sporadic cases of an acute fall in milk production, "milk drop", were investigated in a holstein friesian dairy herd in devon. the investigation was a case control study with two controls per case. paired blood samples demonstrated that rising antibody titres to human influenza a/england/333/80 (h1n1) and human influenza a/eng/427/88 (h3n2) were associated with an acute fall in milk production. rising titres to bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvd), infect ... | 2008 | 17851097 |
| multiplexed reverse transcriptase pcr assay for identification of viral respiratory pathogens at the point of care. | we have developed a nucleic acid-based assay that is rapid, sensitive, and specific and can be used for the simultaneous detection of five common human respiratory pathogens, including influenza virus a, influenza virus b, parainfluenza virus types 1 and 3, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), and adenovirus groups b, c, and e. typically, diagnosis on an unextracted clinical sample can be provided in less than 3 h, including sample collection, preparation, and processing, as well as data analysis. ... | 2007 | 17855573 |
| identification of upper respiratory tract pathogens using electrochemical detection on an oligonucleotide microarray. | bacterial and viral upper respiratory infections (uri) produce highly variable clinical symptoms that cannot be used to identify the etiologic agent. proper treatment, however, depends on correct identification of the pathogen involved as antibiotics provide little or no benefit with viral infections. here we describe a rapid and sensitive genotyping assay and microarray for uri identification using standard amplification and hybridization techniques, with electrochemical detection (ecd) on a se ... | 2007 | 17895966 |
| surveillance of eight respiratory viruses in clinical samples of pediatric patients in southeast brazil. | detection of the eight most common respiratory viruses: human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv), influenza virus a and b (ia and ib), parainfluenza viruses 1, 2 and 3 (hpiv1, 2 and 3), adenovirus (ad) and human metapneumovirus (hmpv), in order to establish the etiology of acute respiratory infections (aris) and the epidemiology of these viruses in young children seen at hospital universitário, universidade de são paulo, in são paulo, brazil, during 2003. | 2007 | 17940688 |
| long-term protection in hamsters against human parainfluenza virus type 3 following mucosal or combinations of mucosal and systemic immunizations with chimeric alphavirus-based replicon particles. | no licensed vaccines are available to protect against parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv3), a significant health risk for infants. in search of a safe vaccine, we used an alphavirus-based chimeric vector, consisting of sindbis virus (sin) structural proteins and venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (vee) replicon rna, expressing the piv3 hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) glycoprotein (vee/sin-hn). we compared different routes of intramuscular (i.m.), intranasal (i.n.), or combined i.n. and i.m. immu ... | 2007 | 17944814 |
| inhibition of human parainfluenza virus type 3 infection by novel small molecules. | human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv3) is an important respiratory tract pathogen of infants and children. there are no vaccines or antivirals currently approved for prevention or treatment of hpiv3 infection. towards developing an antiviral therapy to combat hpiv3 infection, we have established a green fluorescent protein (gfp)-tagged hpiv3 infected-cell assay and used it for screening of a small molecule library obtained from chembridge diver. two novel small molecules (c5 and c7) which shar ... | 2008 | 17964670 |
| identification and evaluation of a highly effective fusion inhibitor for human metapneumovirus. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv) can cause acute upper and lower respiratory tract infections that are particularly severe in young children, elderly subjects, and immunocompromised patients. to date, no treatments or vaccines are available for hmpv infections. our objective was to assess the inhibitory potential of several peptides derived from the heptad repeat a and b (hra and hrb) domains of the hmpv fusion protein. nine candidate peptides were expressed in escherichia coli or obtained synthetic ... | 2008 | 17967906 |
| [seroepidemiological surveillance of human parainfluenza viruses (hpivs) types 2 and 3 in an infantile population selected in havana city]. | the presence of antibodies against human parainfluenza viruses type 2 and 3 was studied in 1 793 sera from an infantile population under 14 years old. the hemagglutination inhibition technique was used for screening the clinical samples. of the total of analyzed sera, 1 382 (77.1%) were positive. the presence of antibodies against type 2 was confirmed in 320 of them (17.8%), and against type 3 in 334 (18.6%). the simultaneous seropositivity predominated in 805 (44.9%). the circulation of human p ... | 2005 | 17969268 |
| parainfluenza type 3 outbreaks in izmir children, turkey. | the present study was aimed to investigate characteristics of lower respiratory tract infections caused by parainfluenza type 3 viruses. nasopharyngeal smears were taken from 178 patients with lower respiratory infections for the diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, influenza and parainfluenza viruses between december 2004 and april 2005. parainfluenza type 3 was isolated from the viral specimens of 96 (53.9%) patients and it was noticeable that the parainfluenza type 3 outbreak ... | 2007 | 17988501 |
| [clinical and epidemiological manifestations of parainfluenza infection in hospitalized children]. | human parainfluenza viruses (hpiv) are a common cause of respiratory illness of children but published data on clinical characteristics of hpiv infection in south america is scarce. | 2007 | 17989842 |
| characterization of a parainfluenza virus isolated from a bottlenose dolphin (tursiops truncatus). | a novel member of the parainfluenza virus family was identified in a bottlenose dolphin with respiratory disease. the case animal was a 19-year old male atlantic bottlenose dolphin (tursiops truncatus) that presented with signs of respiratory illness, including raspy, foul-odored breaths and cream-colored exudate from the blowhole. focally extensive pyogranulomatous bronchointerstitial pneumonia with moderate numbers of intralesional yeast organisms was identified on histopathological examinatio ... | 2008 | 18031960 |
| in vitro evaluation of the antiviral effects of the homeopathic preparation gripp-heel on selected respiratory viruses. | gripp-heel is a homeopathic preparation frequently used in the treatment of respiratory viral infections such as various types of influenza and the common cold. the antiviral activity of gripp-heel was studied in vitro on human pathogenic enveloped and nonenveloped rna and dna viruses. before the antiviral assays, in vitro cytotoxicity of gripp-heel was determined with cells used for the infection experiments (hela, hep-2, mdck, bgm) as well as with mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclea ... | 2007 | 18066110 |
| irf-3 activation by sendai virus infection is required for cellular apoptosis and avoidance of persistence. | here, we report that specific manipulations of the cellular response to virus infection can cause prevention of apoptosis and consequent establishment of persistent infection. infection of several human cell lines with sendai virus (sev) or human parainfluenza virus 3, two prototypic paramyxoviruses, caused slow apoptosis, which was markedly accelerated upon blocking the action of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (pi3 kinases) in the infected cells. the observed apoptosis required viral gene expre ... | 2008 | 18216110 |
| comparison of nasopharyngeal flocked swabs and aspirates for rapid diagnosis of respiratory viruses in children. | the quality of clinical specimens is a crucial determinant for virological diagnosis. | 2008 | 18242124 |
| synthesis of recombinant human parainfluenza virus 1 and 3 nucleocapsid proteins in yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae. | human parainfluenza virus types 1 and 3 (hpiv1 and hpiv3, respectively), members of the virus family paramyxoviridae, are common causes of lower respiratory tract infections in infants, young children, the immunocompromised, the chronically ill, and the elderly. in order to synthesize recombinant hpiv1 and hpiv3 nucleocapsid proteins, the coding sequences were cloned into the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae expression vector pfgg3 under control of gal7 promoter. a high level of recombinant virus ... | 2008 | 18249456 |
| exposure to novel parainfluenza virus and clinical relevance in 2 bottlenose dolphin (tursiops truncatus) populations. | parainfluenza virus (piv) is a leading cause of respiratory infections in humans. a novel virus closely related to human and bovine parainfluenza viruses types 3 (hpiv-3 and bpiv-3), named tursiops truncatus parainfluenza virus type 1 (ttpiv-1), was isolated from a dolphin with respiratory disease. we developed a dolphin-specific elisa to measure acute- and convalescent-phase piv antibodies in dolphins during 1999-2006 with hemograms similar to that of the positive control. piv seroconversion oc ... | 2008 | 18325253 |
| specificity and functional interaction of the polymerase complex proteins of human and avian metapneumoviruses. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv) and avian metapneumovirus (ampv) have a similar genome organization and protein composition, but a different host range. ampv subgroup c (ampv-c) is more closely related to hmpv than other ampvs. to investigate the specificity and functional interaction of the polymerase complex proteins of human and avian metapneumoviruses, a minireplicon system was generated for ampv-c and used in combination with minireplicon systems for hmpv lineages a1 and b1. viral rna-like mol ... | 2008 | 18343839 |
| simultaneous toxicities in a child on multiple anticonvulsants. | it is rare to develop simultaneous toxicities while on anticonvulsants. this article presents a 3(1/2)-year-old child on valproic acid, lamotrigine, and phenytoin who developed simultaneous hepatotoxicity and bone marrow toxicity during a parainfluenza virus type 3 infection. these toxicities resolved after the cessation of anticonvulsants, and her seizures were managed acutely with scheduled lorazepam. this article discusses the possibility that simultaneous use of valproic acid, lamotrigine, a ... | 2008 | 18344455 |
| respiratory viruses in hiv-infected patients with suspected respiratory opportunistic infection. | to assess the incidence and epidemiological pattern of respiratory viruses in hiv-infected patients and to evaluate their potential clinical impact. | 2008 | 18356599 |
| the c, v and w proteins of nipah virus inhibit minigenome replication. | nipah virus (niv) is a recently emergent, highly pathogenic, zoonotic paramyxovirus of the genus henipavirus. like the phosphoprotein (p) gene of other paramyxoviruses, the p gene of niv is predicted to encode three additional proteins, c, v and w. when the c, v and w proteins of niv were tested for their ability to inhibit expression of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) reporter gene in plasmid-based, minigenome replication assays, each protein inhibited cat expression in a dose-depen ... | 2008 | 18420809 |
| etiologic agents and outcome determinants of community-acquired pneumonia in urban children: a hospital-based study. | etiologic clues and prognostic indicators of community-acquired pneumonia (cap) were sought in a 30-month study of under-5 admissions for acute lower respiratory infections (alris). investigative tools included blood culture, hemogram, immunofluorescence and serology. associations of variables were tested using standard statistical tools. of 419 alri, 323 (77%) had pneumonia, 234 (72.4%) bronchopneumonia, 66 (20.4%) lobar pneumonia and 23 (7.1%) both. more than 70% had poor parental socioeconomi ... | 2008 | 18481475 |
| sendai virus recombinant vaccine expressing hpiv-3 hn or f elicits protective immunity and combines with a second recombinant to prevent hpiv-1, hpiv-3 and rsv infections. | the human parainfluenza viruses (hpivs) and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) are the leading causes of serious respiratory illness in the human pediatric population. despite decades of research, there are currently no licensed vaccines for either the hpiv or rsv pathogens. here we describe the testing of hpiv-3 and rsv candidate vaccines using sendai virus (sev, murine piv-1) as a vector. sev was selected as the vaccine backbone, because it has been shown to elicit robust and durable immune act ... | 2008 | 18499307 |
| seroprevalence of bovine respiratory viruses in north-western turkey. | bovine respiratory disease complex is a very important health problem around the world. present study describes serological distribution of bovine major respiratory viruses in non-vaccinated cattle population of marmara region in north-western turkey. neutralising antibodies specific to bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv), bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), bovine parainfluenza virus 3 (pi-3), bovine adenovirus serotype 1 (bav-1) and serotype 3 (bav-3) were ... | 2008 | 18551779 |
| identification of two distinct bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 genotypes. | the partial gene sequencing of the matrix (m) protein from seven clinical isolates of bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (bpiv-3), and the complete sequencing of a representative isolate (q5592) was completed in this study. nucleotide sequence analysis was initiated because of the failure of in-house bpiv-3 rt-pcr methods to yield expected products for four of the isolates. phylogenetic reconstructions based on the nucleotide sequences for the m-protein and the entire genome, using all of the ava ... | 2008 | 18559934 |