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the participation of a malignant catarrhal fever virus and mycoplasma bovis in the development of single and mixed infections in beef and dairy cattle with bovine respiratory disease.the bovine respiratory disease (brd) complex is a multietiological and multifactorial disease associated with a wide range of viral and bacterial pathogens. this study evaluated the contribution of specific infectious disease agents in the development of brd in cattle from brazil and determined if a virus within the malignant catarrhal fever virus (mcfv) group and mycoplasma bovis, acting individually or in conjunction, can be associated with the development of brd. formalin-fixed paraffin-embed ...202134368279
influenza d virus in respiratory disease in canadian, province of québec, cattle: relative importance and evidence of new reassortment between different clades.influenza d virus (idv), a segmented single-stranded negative-sense ribonucleic acid (rna) virus, belongs to the new delta influenza virus genus of the orthomyxoviridae family. cattle were proposed as the natural reservoir of idv in which infection was associated with mild-to-moderate respiratory clinical signs (i.e. cough, nasal discharge and dyspnoea).202133764631
non-epidermidis coagulase-negative staphylococcus isolated from farm animals can inhibit the hemagglutinating activity of newcastle disease virus and bovine parainfluenza virus type 3.the embp protein of staphylococcus epidermidis inhibits the hemagglutination of the h1n1 influenza virus and protects birds from a viral respiratory infection. several species of coagulase-negative staphylococcus (cons) are present in the respiratory cavity, particularly in nostrils. we hypothesize that non-epidermidis cons found in animals can have the same function as observed in s. epidermidis. thirty non-epidermidis cons isolates were obtained from poultry, sheep, goat, pig, and dairy cow no ...202133892436
a parainfluenza virus vector expressing the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) prefusion f protein is more effective than rsv for boosting a primary immunization with rsv.live-attenuated pediatric vaccines for intranasal administration are being developed for human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), an important worldwide pediatric respiratory pathogen that lacks a licensed vaccine or suitable antiviral drug. we evaluated a prime-boost strategy in which primary immunization with rsv was boosted by secondary immunization with rsv or with a chimeric bovine/human parainfluenza virus type 3 (rb/hpiv3) vector expressing the rsv fusion f protein. the vector-expressed f ...202033115876
mycoplasma bovis and viral agents associated with the development of bovine respiratory disease in adult dairy cows.the etiology and pathologic findings of bovine respiratory disease (brd) in adult dairy cows (n = 35) from a commercial dairy herd in southern brazil were investigated. pulmonary samples were examined for histopathologic patterns and specific features within these patterns, while immunohistochemical (ihc) assays were designed to detect the intralesional antigens of viral infectious disease agents and mycoplasma bovis. pneumonia was diagnosed in 91.4% (32/35) of these cases; neither pneumonia nor ...202031232526
health status of reintroduced wood bison ( bison bison athabascae): assessing the conservation value of an isolated population in northwestern canada.a central goal for reintroduced populations of threatened wood bison ( bison bison athabascae) is to maintain them free of diseases of concern, particularly bovine tuberculosis (caused by mycobacterium bovis) and brucellosis (caused by brucella abortus). a wood bison population in southwestern yukon, canada was reintroduced into the wild in 1988, but no health assessment has been done since then. to provide an initial assessment of the health status and, hence, the conservation value of this pop ...201929953313
comparative health assessment of urban and non-urban free-ranging mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) in southeastern british columbia, canada.the provincial wildlife management agency, british columbia ministry of forests, lands, natural resource operations and rural development, performed a translocation to control the urban mule deer (odocoileus hemionus; umd) overpopulation and supplement the declining non-urban mule deer (numd) population in the kootenay region, british columbia, canada. the objectives of this cross-sectional study were to evaluate the health of the urban and numd populations by comparing pathogen exposure, body c ...201829942678
diva metabolomics: differentiating vaccination status following viral challenge using metabolomic profiles.bovine respiratory disease (brd) is a major source of economic loss within the agricultural industry. vaccination against brd-associated viruses does not offer complete immune protection and vaccine failure animals present potential routes for disease spread. serological differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals (diva) is possible using antigen-deleted vaccines, but during virus outbreaks diva responses are masked by wild-type virus preventing accurate serodiagnosis. previous work by t ...201829621258
cholesterol-rich lipid rafts play a critical role in bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (bpiv3) infection.lipid rafts are specialized lipid domains enriched in cholesterol and sphingolipid, which can be utilized in the lifecycle of numerous enveloped viruses. bovine parainfluenza virustype3 (bpiv3) entry to cell is mediated by receptor binding and membrane fusion, but how lipid rafts in host cell membrane and bpiv3 envelope affect virus infection remains unclear. in this study, we investigated the role of lipid rafts in the different stages of bpiv3 infection. the mdbk cells were treated by methyl-β ...201728654867
identification of candidate protein markers of bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 infection using an in vitro model.bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (bpi3v) infections are often asymptomatic, causing respiratory tissue damage and immunosuppression, predisposing animals to severe bacterial pneumonia, the leading cause of bovine respiratory disease (brd) mortality. as with many pathogens, routine bpi3v serology does not indicate the presence of damaged respiratory tissue or active infection. in vitro proteomic marker screening using disease relevant cell models could help identify markers of infection and tiss ...201728619153
reciprocal complementation of bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 lacking either the membrane or fusion gene.two defective bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (bpiv3) strains were generated, one lacking the membrane (m) protein gene and expressing egfp (δm-egfp) and the other lacking the fusion (f) protein gene and expressing mstrawberry (δf-msb), by supplying deficient proteins in trans. when madin-darby bovine kidney (mdbk) cells were co-infected with δm-egfp and δf-msb at a multiplicity of infection (moi) of 0.1, complemented viruses were easily obtained. complemented viruses grew as efficiently as wi ...201728842134
the bovine paranasal sinuses: bacterial flora, epithelial expression of nitric oxide and potential role in the in-herd persistence of respiratory disease pathogens.the bovine paranasal sinuses are a group of complex cavernous air-filled spaces, lined by respiratory epithelium, the exact function of which is unclear. while lesions affecting these sinuses are occasionally reported in cattle, their microbial flora has not been defined. furthermore, given that the various bacterial and viral pathogens causing bovine respiratory disease (brd) persist within herds, we speculated that the paranasal sinuses may serve as a refuge for such infectious agents. the par ...201728282443
serologic survey for antibodies against three genotypes of bovine parainfluenza 3 virus in unvaccinated ungulates in alabama.objective to determine titers of serum antibodies against 3 genotypes of bovine parainfluenza 3 virus (bpi3v) in unvaccinated ungulates in alabama. animals 62 cattle, goats, and new world camelids from 5 distinct herds and 21 captured white-tailed deer. procedures serum samples were obtained from all animals for determination of anti-bpi3v antibody titers, which were measured by virus neutralization assays that used indicator (reference) viruses from each of the 3 bpi3v genotypes (bpi3v-a, bpi3v ...201728140644
pathogens, patterns of pneumonia, and epidemiologic risk factors associated with respiratory disease in recently weaned cattle in ireland.we examined the pathogens, morphologic patterns, and risk factors associated with bovine respiratory disease (brd) in 136 recently weaned cattle ("weanlings"), 6-12 mo of age, that were submitted for postmortem examination to regional veterinary laboratories in ireland. a standardized sampling protocol included routine microbiologic investigations as well as polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. lungs with histologic lesions were categorized into 1 of 5 morphologic patterns of pneu ...201728074713
efficacy and safety of ban huang oral liquid for treating bovine respiratory diseases.ban huang oral liquid was developed as a veterinary compound preparation by the lanzhou institute of husbandry and pharmaceutical sciences of the chinese academy of agricultural sciences (caas). the purpose of this study was to determine whether the oral liquid preparation of traditional chinese medicine, ban huang, is safe and effective for treating respiratory diseases in cattle.201728573221
virus detection by pcr following vaccination of naive calves with intranasal or injectable multivalent modified-live viral vaccines.we evaluated duration of pcr-positive results following administration of modified-live viral (mlv) vaccines to beef calves. twenty beef calves were randomly assigned to either group 1 and vaccinated intranasally with a mlv vaccine containing bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (bohv-1), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), and bovine parainfluenza virus 3 (bpiv-3), or to group 2 and vaccinated subcutaneously with a mlv vaccine containing bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 and 2 (bvdv-1, -2), bohv-1, brs ...201728545321
a single l288i substitution in the fusion protein of bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 enhances virus growth in semi-suitable cell lines.the bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 bn-ce vaccine strain was obtained by serial passage of the bn-1 strain in chicken embryonic fibroblasts (cef). we previously identified a substitution (l288i) in the fusion (f) protein between the two strains. to examine the effect of the substitution on cef adaptation and attenuation, we generated a recombinant bn-1 strain with the l288i substitution in the f protein (f(l288i)-egfp). f(l288i)-egfp replicated more efficiently than a recombinant bn-1 strain ( ...201728451903
genomic and antigenic characterization of bovine parainfluenza-3 viruses in the united states including modified live virus vaccine (mlv) strains and field strains from cattle.this study investigated the genetic and antigenic characterization of parainfluenza-3 virus (pi3v) of cattle. using molecular tests including real time pcr and viral genome sequencing, pi3v strains could be separated into pi3v types, including pi3v a, pi3v b, and pi3v c. isolates from cattle with bovine respiratory disease clinical signs and commercial vaccines in the u.s. with mlv pi3v were typed using these molecular tests. all the mlv vaccine strains tested were pi3v a. in most cases pi3v fie ...201728416404
development of a one-run real-time pcr detection system for pathogens associated with bovine respiratory disease complex.bovine respiratory disease complex (brdc) is frequently found in cattle worldwide. the etiology of brdc is complicated by infections with multiple pathogens, making identification of the causal pathogen difficult. here, we developed a detection system by applying taqman real-time pcr (dembo respiratory-pcr) to screen a broad range of microbes associated with brdc in a single run. we selected 16 bovine respiratory pathogens (bovine viral diarrhea virus, bovine coronavirus, bovine parainfluenza vi ...201728070089
metagenomic characterization of the virome associated with bovine respiratory disease in feedlot cattle identified novel viruses and suggests an etiologic role for influenza d virus.bovine respiratory disease (brd) is the most costly disease affecting the cattle industry. the pathogenesis of brd is complex and includes contributions from microbial pathogens as well as host, environmental and animal management factors. in this study, we utilized viral metagenomic sequencing to explore the virome of nasal swab samples obtained from feedlot cattle with acute brd and asymptomatic pen-mates at six and four feedlots in mexico and the usa, respectively, in april-october 2015. twen ...201627154756
associations between exposure to viruses and bovine respiratory disease in australian feedlot cattle.bovine respiratory disease (brd) is the most important cause of clinical disease and death in feedlot cattle. respiratory viral infections are key components in predisposing cattle to the development of this disease. to quantify the contribution of four viruses commonly associated with brd, a case-control study was conducted nested within the national bovine respiratory disease initiative project population in australian feedlot cattle. effects of exposure to bovine viral diarrhoea virus 1 (bvdv ...201626972273
one year duration of immunity of the modified live bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1 and type 2 and bovine herpesvirus-1 fractions of vista® once sq vaccine.three studies were performed to determine the duration of immunity of the bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1 and type 2 (bvdv-1 and bvdv-2) and bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) fractions of a commercially prepared modified-live vaccine. vista® once sq (vista®) vaccine contains five modified-live viruses, bvdv-1, bvdv-2, bhv-1, bovine respiratory syncytial virus, and bovine parainfluenza 3 virus, and two modified-live bacteria, pasteurella multocida and mannheimia haemolytica. for all three studies, ...201626859238
seroprevalence of respiratory viral pathogens of indigenous calves in western kenya.most studies of infectious diseases in east african cattle have concentrated on gastro-intestinal parasites and vector-borne diseases. as a result, relatively little is known about viral diseases, except for those that are clinically symptomatic or which affect international trade such as foot and mouth disease, bluetongue and epizootic haemorrhagic disease. here, we investigate the seroprevalence, distribution and relationship between the viruses involved in respiratory disease, infectious bovi ...201627663380
3d rotating wall vessel and 2d cell culture of four veterinary virus pathogens: a comparison of virus yields, portions of infectious particles and virus growth curves.only very few comparative studies have been performed that evaluate general trends of virus growth under 3d in comparison with 2d cell culture conditions. the aim of this study was to investigate differences when four animal viruses are cultured in 2d and 3d. suid herpesvirus 1 (suhv-1), vesicular stomatitis virus (vsiv), bovine adenovirus (badv) and bovine parainfluenza 3 virus (bpiv-3) were cultivated in 3d rotating wall vessels (rwvs) and conventional 2d cultures. the production of virus part ...201626562056
safety of inoculation of bovine parainfluenza virus 3 as potential vaccine vector in pigs.bovine parainfluenza virus 3 (bpiv3) is one of the most important respiratory pathogens in cattle. one bpiv3, named nm09, was isolated from cattle suffering from severe respiratory diseases in 2009. bpiv3 is a potential recombinant vaccine vector. to investigate whether nm09 can infect pigs and determine bpiv3 defense in these animals, bpiv3 antibody-free pigs were inoculated intramuscularly with the bpiv3 nm09 strain in a continuous passage. clinical signs were observed each day after inoculati ...201526436127
comparing the immune response to a novel intranasal nanoparticle plga vaccine and a commercial bpi3v vaccine in dairy calves.there is a need to improve vaccination against respiratory pathogens in calves by stimulation of local immunity at the site of pathogen entry at an early stage in life. ideally such a vaccine preparation would not be inhibited by the maternally derived antibodies. additionally, localized immune response at the site of infection is also crucial to control infection at the site of entry of virus. the present study investigated the response to an intranasal bovine parainfluenza 3 virus (bpi3v) anti ...201526293453
identification and genome characterization of genotype b and genotype c bovine parainfluenza type 3 viruses isolated in the united states.bovine parainfluenza 3 viruses (bpi3v) are respiratory pathogens of cattle that cause disease singly but are often associated with bovine respiratory disease complex (brdc) in conjunction with other viral and bacterial agents. bovine vaccines currently contain bpi3v to provide protection against the virus, but there is no current information regarding the bpi3v strains that are circulating in the u.s.201525976921
development and evaluation of two truncated recombinant np antigen-based indirect elisas for detection of bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 antibodies in cattle.bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (bpiv3) is one of the most important viral respiratory pathogens in both young and adult cattle. nucleocapsid protein (np) is the most abundant viral protein and the main regulator of virus replication and transcription. in this study, amino acid sequence data of bpiv3 np was used to identify potential linear epitopic regions, which were subsequently used to design truncated recombinant np antigens. the amino-terminal region (aa 9-157, np-n) and the carboxy-term ...201526031225
identification of three antigen epitopes on the nucleocapsid protein of the genotype c of bovine parainfluenza virus type 3.bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (bpiv3) is an important respiratory tract pathogen for both young and adult cattle. so far, three genotypes a, b and c of bpiv3 have been described on the basis of genetic and phylogenetic analysis. but fine mapping of epitopes of bpiv3 is scant and the antigenic variations among the three genotypes of bpiv3 have not been reported. nucleocapsid protein (np) is the most abundant protein in the virion and highly conserved in bpiv3, which is crucial for the inducti ...201525960335
infection of the upper respiratory tract of hamsters by the bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 bn-1 strain expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein.bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (bpiv3) is an important pathogen associated with bovine respiratory disease complex (brdc). we have generated a recombinant bpiv3 expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (rbpiv3-egfp) based on the bn-1 strain isolated in japan. after intranasal infection of hamsters with rbpiv3-egfp, egfp fluorescence was detected in the upper respiratory tract including the nasal turbinates, pharynx, larynx, and trachea. in the nasal turbinates, rbpiv3-egfp attained high ...201525543964
serologic, trace element, and fecal parasite survey of free-ranging, female mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) in eastern washington, usa.blood and fecal samples collected from 97 free-ranging mule deer (odocoileus hemionus), from four distinct herds during the spring of 2000 or 2001 in eastern washington, us, were tested for exposure to selected pathogens, concentrations of trace elements, and presence of parasites in feces. antibodies were detected to the following: leptospira interrogans serovar bratislava (4%), leptospira interrogans serovar canicola (1%), leptospira interrogans serovar grippotyphosa (13%), bovine viral diarrh ...201525380366
real-time detection of a virus using detection dogs.viral infections are ubiquitous in humans, animals, and plants. real-time methods to identify viral infections are limited and do not exist for use in harsh or resource-constrained environments. previous research identified that tissues produce unique volatile organic compounds (voc) and demonstrated that voc concentrations change during pathologic states, including infection, neoplasia, or metabolic disease. patterns of voc expression may be pathogen specific and may be associated with an odor ...201526779494
serological detection of infection dynamics for respiratory viruses among dairy calves.the aim of this study is to reveal infection dynamics of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (pi-3), bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1), bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), bovine adenovirus type 3 (bav-3) and bovine coronavirus (bcov), which are important viral pathogens of respiratory disease complex in ruminants. through such an analysis, the regression period of maternally derived antibodies and optimum vaccination time in calves can be recommended. a total ...201526380946
estimation of nasal shedding and seroprevalence of organisms known to be associated with bovine respiratory disease in australian live export cattle.the prevalence of organisms known to be associated with bovine respiratory disease (brd) was investigated in cattle prior to export. a quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay was used to detect nucleic acids from the following viruses and bacteria in nasal swab samples: bovine coronavirus (bocv; betacoronavirus 1), bovine herpesvirus 1 (bohv-1), bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 (bvdv-1), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), bovine parainfluenza virus 3 (bpiv-3), his ...201525525134
mortality of live export cattle on long-haul voyages: pathologic changes and pathogens.the cause of death in 215 cattle on 20 long-haul live export voyages from australia to the middle east, russia, and china was investigated between 2010 and 2012 using gross, histologic, and/or molecular pathology techniques. a quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qrt-pcr) assay was used to detect nucleic acids from viruses and bacteria known to be associated with respiratory disease in cattle: bovine coronavirus (betacoronavirus 1), bovine herpesvirus 1, bovine viral dia ...201424518275
occurrence and phylogenetic analysis of bovine respiratory syncytial virus in outbreaks of respiratory disease in norway.bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) is one of the major pathogens involved in the bovine respiratory disease (brd) complex. the seroprevalence to brsv in norwegian cattle herds is high, but its role in epidemics of respiratory disease is unclear. the aims of the study were to investigate the etiological role of brsv and other respiratory viruses in epidemics of brd and to perform phylogenetic analysis of norwegian brsv strains.201424423030
comparison of levels and duration of detection of antibodies to bovine viral diarrhea virus 1, bovine viral diarrhea virus 2, bovine respiratory syncytial virus, bovine herpesvirus 1, and bovine parainfluenza virus 3 in calves fed maternal colostrum or a colostrum-replacement product.colostrum-replacement products are an alternative to provide passive immunity to neonatal calves; however, their ability to provide adequate levels of antibodies recognizing respiratory viruses has not been described. the objective of this study was to compare the serum levels of igg at 2 d of age and the duration of detection of antibodies to bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 (bvdv-1), bovine viral diarrhea virus 2 (bvdv-2), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1), a ...201424688168
infection of differentiated airway epithelial cells from caprine lungs by viruses of the bovine respiratory disease complex.bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (bpiv3) and bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1) are important pathogens associated with the bovine respiratory disease complex (brdc). non-bovine ruminants such as goats may also be infected and serve as a virus reservoir to be considered in the development of control strategies. to evaluate the susceptibility of caprine airway epithelial cells to infection by viruses of brdc, we established a culture system for different ...201424612951
three viruses of the bovine respiratory disease complex apply different strategies to initiate infection.bovine respiratory disease complex (brdc) is the major cause of serious respiratory tract infections in calves. the disease is multifactorial, with either stress or reduced immunity allowing several pathogens to emerge. we investigated the susceptibility of bovine airway epithelial cells (baec) to infection by the three major viruses associated with the brdc: bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1) and bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (bpiv3). for this purpo ...201424548739
complete genome sequence of the first isolate of genotype c bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 in japan.bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (bpiv3) isolates are classified into three genotypes (bpiv3a to -c). here, we report the complete genome sequence of the bpiv3c isolate for the first time in japan. our results indicate that new primer sets will be required to detect all genotypes of bpiv3 strains.201425428970
intranasal delivery of nanoparticles encapsulating bpi3v proteins induces an early humoral immune response in mice.vaccine adjuvants are typically designed to stimulate both systemic and mucosal immune responses. polymeric nanoparticles have been used as adjuvants in the development of vaccines against a number of viral pathogens and tested in laboratory animals. the objective of the study was to assess if synthetic bovine parainfluenza virus type-3 (bpi3v) peptide motifs and solubilised bpi3v proteins encapsulated in poly (dl-lactic-co-glycolide) (plga) nanoparticles (nps) induce specific humoral immune res ...201424726021
pathogenesis of a genotype c strain of bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 infection in albino guinea pigs.bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (bpiv3) is one of the most important of the known viral respiratory tract agents of both young and adult cattle and widespread among cattle around the world. up to present, three genotypes a, b and c of bpiv3 have been described on the basis of genetic and phylogenetic analysis and only limited studies on the pathogenesis of the genotype a of bpiv3 infection in calves and laboratory animals have been performed. the report about experimental infections of the gen ...201424681303
[serological survey of antibodies against viral diseases of public health interest in llamas (lama glama) from jujuy province, argentina].llama population from argentina is mainly concentrated in the andean puna, jujuy. llamas represent an important economic resource for the andean communities. the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of antibodies against viral antigens associated to viral diseases of economic impact (neonatal diarrhea, reproductive and respiratory syndromes). a total of 349 serum samples from adult llamas were analyzed. the obtained antibody prevalence was 100 % for rotavirus a and 70 % for bovine ...201424721276
molecular characterization of a korean bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 isolate.bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (bpiv-3) was isolated from korean native cattle that presented clinical signs of mild pneumonia. the complete genome of a representative isolate (12q061) was sequenced. the newly identified strain, which was found to be distinct from the previously reported genotypes a (bpiv-3a) and b (bpiv-3b) and closely related to the chinese strain sd0835, was tentatively classified as genotype c (bpiv-3c). our results suggest a relationship between bpiv-3 genetic variation ...201323140940
implication of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) f transgene sequence heterogeneity observed in phase 1 evaluation of medi-534, a live attenuated parainfluenza type 3 vectored rsv vaccine.medi-534 is the first live vectored rsv vaccine candidate to be evaluated in seronegative children. it consists of the bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv3) genome with substituted human piv3 f and hn glycoproteins engineered to express rsv f protein. a phase 1 study of 49 healthy rsv and piv3 seronegative children 6 to <24 months of age demonstrated an acceptable safety profile at the following doses: 10(4), 10(5) and 10(6)tcid50. after 3 doses of medi-534 at 10(6)tcid50, administered at 0, ...201323602668
complete genome sequences of bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 strain bn-1 and vaccine strain bn-ce.bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (bpiv3) is associated with upper respiratory disease in cattle in many countries. here, we report the complete genome sequences of the bpiv3 bn-1 strain, isolated from cattle in japan, and the bn-ce vaccine strain, derived from the bn-1 strain by passages in chicken embryo fibroblasts.201323469358
inactivation of enveloped and non-enveloped viruses in the process of chemical treatment and gamma irradiation of bovine-derived grafting materials.xenografts, unlike other grafting products, cannot be commercialized unless they conform to stringent safety regulations. particularly with bovine-derived materials, it is essential to remove viruses and inactivate infectious factors because of the possibility that raw materials are imbrued with infectious viruses. the removal of the characteristics of infectious viruses from the bovine bone grafting materials need to be proved and inactivation process should satisfy the management provision of ...201223198732
coronavirus infection in intensively managed cattle with respiratory disease.a detailed laboratory investigation identified bovine coronavirus (bcov) as the aetiological agent in an outbreak of respiratory disease at a semi-intensive beef cattle feedlot in south-east australia. the outbreak caused 30% morbidity in the resident population and also affected two cohorts of cattle that were newly introduced to the property.201223004228
development and evaluation of a multiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of antibodies to bovine respiratory diseases on the meso scale discovery platform.a multiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) to detect antibodies to bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1), bovine parainfluenza virus 3 (bpv-3), and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) was developed on the commercially available meso scale discovery (msd) platform. the multiplex elisa used the same antigens (relatively crude lysates of cultured virus) that are used in the current in-house separate elisas. testing a panel of field samples demonstrated th ...201222621944
one-step multiplex real time rt-pcr for the detection of bovine respiratory syncytial virus, bovine herpesvirus 1 and bovine parainfluenza virus 3.detection of respiratory viruses in veterinary species has traditionally relied on virus detection by isolation or immunofluorescence and/or detection of circulating antibody using elisa or serum neutralising antibody tests. multiplex real time pcr is increasingly used to diagnose respiratory viruses in humans and has proved to be superior to traditional methods. bovine respiratory disease (brd) is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in housed cattle and virus infections can ...201222455597
phylogenetic analysis of the bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 from cattle herds revealing the existence of a genotype a strain in china.in 2009, a bovine parainfluenza virus (bpiv3), named as nm09, was isolated using mdbk cell culture from the nasal swabs of normal cattle in china. the nm09 isolate was characterized by rt-pcr and nucleotide sequence analysis. its complete genome was 15,456 nucleotides in length. similar to other sequenced piv strains, the nm09 virus consisted of six non-overlapping genes, which were predicted to encode nine proteins with conserved and complementary 3' leader and 5' trailer regions, conserved gen ...201222923090
isolation and characterization of bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 from water buffaloes (bubalus bubalis) in argentina.parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv3) was isolated from dairy buffaloes (bubalus bubalis) naturally affected with respiratory and reproductive clinical conditions.201222716217
studies on the pathogenesis of a chinese strain of bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 infection in balb/c mice.to date, three genotypes a, b, and c of bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (bpiv3) have been isolated from cattle and only limited studies on the pathogenesis of the genotype a of bpiv3 infection in calves and laboratory animals have been conducted. the pathogenesis of the genotypes b and c of bpiv3 infection in calves and laboratory animals have not been reported. to alleviate the difficulties associated with sourcing suitable calves for infection studies, the establishment of bpiv3 infection mo ...201222391217
[prokaryotic expression of hn gene of bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 and the establishment of indirect elisa method].the prokaryotic expression plasmid pqe30-hn of hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) protein gene of bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (bpiv3) strain hj-1 was expressed by iptg induction in e. coli xl1blue. the recombinant hn protein(rhn) was purified by electroeluting method, and used as coated antigen. an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed to detect the antibody valence of bpiv3. the best working conditions of elisa were as follows: the antigen concentration was 6 micr ...201222416346
use of rapid human respiratory syncytial virus strip tests for detection of bovine respiratory syncytial virus in experimentally vaccinated calves.three different rapid strip tests: tru rsv, binaxnow rsv and rsv respi-strip were compared with rt-pcr and elisa brsv ag for the ability to detect bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) in nasal swabs collected from calves experimentally vaccinated with live vaccine rispoval rs-pi3. the reference strains of brsv (375 and a51908) were detected by elisa brsv ag whereas the strains of human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) and bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (bpiv-3) were not. all rapid stri ...201223390751
effect of injectable trace minerals on the humoral immune response to multivalent vaccine administration in beef calves.the objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of injectable trace minerals on humoral responses of calves receiving a viral vaccination. beef steer calves (n = 99; average bw = 316 ± 4.2 kg), seronegative for bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) and bovine viral diarrhea virus, genotypes 1 and 2 (bvdv-1 and bvdv-2) were sourced from 2 locations. all calves, except 15 non-vaccinated (sentinel) calves, received a single dose of a multivalent modified live vaccine (titanium 5; agrilabs, s ...201122178855
protection from persistent infection with a bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) type 1b strain by a modified-live vaccine containing bvdv types 1a and 2, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, parainfluenza 3 virus and bovine respiratory syncytial virus.recent studies showed that bvdv-1b subgenotype is dominant in north and south american field bvdv isolates. however, nearly all commercially available bvdv-1 vaccines contain bvdv-1a strains. in order to study the efficacy of bvdv-1a vaccine against bvdv-1b infection, this study was designed to evaluate a modified-live vaccine (mlv) containing bvdv-1a and bvdv-2 strains for its efficacy in prevention of persistent infection of fetuses against bvdv-1b strain, when the heifers were vaccinated prio ...201121596076
seroepidemiological study of bovine respiratory viruses (brsv, bohv-1, pi-3v, bvdv, and bav-3) in dairy cattle in central region of iran (esfahan province).respiratory diseases in calves are responsible for major economic losses in both beef and dairy production. several viruses, such as bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), bovine herpes virus-1 (bohv-1), bovine parainfluenza virus-3 (bpi-3v), bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), and bovine adenoviruses (bav), are detected in most clinical cases with respiratory signs. the aim of this study is to define seroprevalences of five major viral causes of bovine respiratory infections in cattle in ce ...201121667075
establishment of a novel ovine kidney cell line for isolation and propagation of viruses infecting domestic cloven-hoofed animal species.a sheep kidney-derived cell line, flk-n3, was successfully established after serial (>100) passages. persistent infection of this cell line with viruses and mycoplasma was not detected. the cells grew well and showed susceptibility to a wide variety of viruses derived from ovine, bovine, and porcine species, including orf virus, maedi visna virus, bovine herpesvirus 1, bovine parainfluenza virus 3, bovine viral diarrhea viruses 1 and 2, bovine coronavirus, bovine respiratory syncytial virus, bov ...201121695582
ammonia disinfection of hatchery waste for elimination of single-stranded rna viruses.hatchery waste, an animal by-product of the poultry industry, needs sanitation treatment before further use as fertiliser or as substrate in biogas or composting plants, owing to the potential presence of opportunistic pathogens, including zoonotic viruses. effective sanitation is also important in viral epizootic outbreaks and as a routine, ensuring high hygiene standards on farms. this study examined the use of ammonia at different concentrations and temperatures to disinfect hatchery waste. i ...201121515734
evaluation of two chimeric bovine-human parainfluenza virus type 3 vaccines in infants and young children.human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv3) is an important cause of lower respiratory tract illness in children, yet a licensed vaccine or antiviral drug is not available. we evaluated the safety, tolerability, infectivity, and immunogenicity of two intranasal, live-attenuated hpiv3 vaccines, designated rhpiv3-n(b) and rb/hpiv3, that were cdna-derived chimeras of hpiv3 and bovine piv3 (bpiv3). these were evaluated in adults, hpiv3 seropositive children, and hpiv3 seronegative children. a total of ...201122178099
development and evaluation of a luminex multiplex serology assay to detect antibodies to bovine herpes virus 1, parainfluenza 3 virus, bovine viral diarrhoea virus, and bovine respiratory syncytial virus, with comparison to existing elisa detection methods.detection of circulating antibodies to bovine herpes virus 1 (bhv-1), parainfluenza 3 virus (pi3v), bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) using elisa is widely used for veterinary diagnostics and surveillance. in this paper, the potential of a multiplex serology test based on luminex technology, where all antibodies are simultaneously detected in a single assay was investigated. the performance of "in-house" separate elisas which use relatively crude l ...201121277304
identification of a natural human serotype 3 parainfluenza virus.parainfluenza virus is an important pathogen threatening the health of animals and human, which brings human many kinds of disease, especially lower respiratory tract infection involving infants and young children. in order to control the virus, it is necessary to fully understand the molecular basis resulting in the genetic diversity of the virus. homologous recombination is one of mechanisms for the rapid change of genetic diversity. however, as a negative-strand virus, it is unknown whether t ...201121306605
phylogenetic characterization of bovine parainfluenza 3 from contaminated cell cultures and field isolates from brazil.genomic fragments of the hn and l genes from brazilian bovine parainfluenza 3 virus (bpiv-3) isolated as contaminants from cell cultures and clinical specimens were amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr), sequenced using specific degenerate primers and analyzed by phylogenetic comparison with reference strains of bpi3v. the brazilian isolates revealed a high degree of genomic when compared to sf4/32 prototype strain, within the recently proposed genotype a of bpiv- ...201124031776
[Diagnosis of bovine viral respiratory diseases].Enzootic bronchopneumonia (EBP) is an infectious, multifactorial respiratory disease of cattle. Different viruses may be involved in its pathogenesis. In this study an adapted method of endoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of caudal parts of the right cranial lung lobe was established and evaluated. The obtained bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) served as template for the detection of BRSV, BPIV-3 and BCoV specific nucleic acids by RT-PCR. BALF samples of 44 cattle affected with respiratory ...201121971671
bovine parainfluenza-3 virus.bovine parainfluenza-3 virus (bpi(3)v) is a long-recognized, currently underappreciated, endemic infection in cattle populations. clinical disease is most common in calves with poor passive transfer or decayed maternal antibodies. it is usually mild, consisting of fever, nasal discharge, and dry cough. caused at least partly by local immunosuppressive effects, bpi(3)v infection is often complicated by coinfection with other respiratory viruses and bacteria, and is therefore an important componen ...201021056802
multiplex real-time rt-pcr detection of three viruses associated with the bovine respiratory disease complex.bovine respiratory disease complex (brdc) is considered the most significant illness associated with feedlot cattle in north america and possibly worldwide. brdc is a multi-factorial disease with environmental conditions interacting with multiple viral and bacterial pathogens to produce severe respiratory illness. bovine herpesvirus 1, bovine viral diarrhoea virus and bovine parainfluenza virus 3 are three of the major viruses associated with brdc. in this study, a multiplex real-time rt-pcr usi ...201021126537
isolation and genetic characterization of bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 from cattle in china.bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (bpiv3) is one of the most important of the known viral respiratory pathogens of both young and adult cattle. however bpiv3 has not been detected or isolated in china prior to this study. in 2008, four bpiv3 strains were isolated with mdbk cells from cattle in china and characterized by rt-pcr, nucleotide sequence analysis, transmission electron microscope observation, hemadsorption and hemagglutination tests. nucleotide phylogenetic analysis of partial hemagglu ...201021131145
complete genome sequence and pathogenicity of two swine parainfluenzavirus 3 isolates from pigs in the united states.two novel paramyxoviruses, 81-19252 (texas81) and 92-7783 (isu92), isolated from the brains of pigs in the united states in the 1980s and 1990s, were characterized. the complete genome of texas81 virus was 15,456 nucleotides (nt) in length, that of isu92 was 15,480 nt, and both genomes consisted of six nonoverlapping genes, predicted to encode nine proteins, with conserved and complementary 3' leader and 5' trailer regions and conserved gene starts, gene stops, and trinucleotide intergenic seque ...201019906928
subcutaneous, but not intratracheal administration of the tlr9 agonist, cpg dna transiently reduces parainfluenza-3 virus shedding in newborn lambs.synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (odn) containing cpg motifs signal through tlr9 and activate innate immunity resulting in protection against a variety of parasitic, bacterial and viral pathogens in mouse models. however, few studies have demonstrated protection in humans and large animals. in the present investigations, we evaluated protection by cpg odn in a parainfluenza-3 (pi-3) virus infection in neonatal lambs. subcutaneous (sc) injection of cpg odn induced high levels of 2'5'-a synthetase ...201020619456
antibodies to pathogenic livestock viruses in a wild vicuña (vicugna vicugna) population in the argentinean andean altiplano.serum samples from 128 wild vicuñas (vicugna vicugna) were tested for antibodies (ab) to rotavirus (rv), bovine parainfluenza virus 3 (bpiv-3), bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1), bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv-1), foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv), bluetongue virus (btv), equine herpesvirus-1 (ehv-1), and influenza a virus equine (eiv). samples were collected in cieneguillas province of jujuy, in northern argentina. feces from 44 vicuñas were also collected to investigate rv shedding. llamas (la ...201020688660
study of the kinetics of antibodies titres against viral pathogens and detection of rotavirus and parainfluenza 3 infections in captive crias of guanacos (lama guanicoe).a longitudinal study was conducted to investigate the presence of antibodies (ab) to rotavirus (rv), parainfluenza-3 virus (pi-3), bovine herpesvirus-1 (bohv-1), bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv-1) and bluetongue virus (btv) in eleven guanaco's crias (chulengos) relocated from rio negro to buenos aires province (argentina) and reared in captivity for a year in an experimental field. serum samples were collected periodically to detect the evidence of viral infections. faecal samples were collec ...201021062425
pulmonary cyclooxygenase-1 (cox-1) and cox-2 cellular expression and distribution after respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza virus infection.prostaglandins (pgs) play an important role in pulmonary physiology and various pathophysiological processes following infection. the initial step in the biosynthesis of pgs is regulated by two distinct cyclooxygenase enzymes, cyclooxygenase-1 (cox-1) and cox-2. the goal of this study was to investigate the pulmonary cellular localization and distribution of cox-1 and cox-2 in a neonatal lamb model following respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and parainfluenza virus 3 (pi3) infection, organisms t ...201020121401
bighorn sheep fetal lung cell line for detection of respiratory viruses.pneumonia is an important disease of bighorn sheep (bhs) that is primarily responsible for the drastic decline in numbers of these animals in north america. members of the genus mannheimia and pasteurella have frequently been isolated from the pneumonic lungs of bhs. antibodies to several respiratory viruses, including bovine parainfluenza virus 3 (bpiv-3), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), and bovine herpesvirus 1 (bohv-1), have been detected in herd ...201020357964
immunogenicity of a modified-live virus vaccine against bovine viral diarrhea virus types 1 and 2, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, bovine parainfluenza-3 virus, and bovine respiratory syncytial virus when administered intranasally in young calves.the immunogenicity of an intranasally-administered modified-live virus (mlv) vaccine in 3-8 day old calves was evaluated against bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) types 1 and 2, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr) virus, parainfluenza-3 (pi-3) virus and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv). calves were intranasally vaccinated with a single dose of a multivalent mlv vaccine and were challenged with one of the respective viruses three to four weeks post-vaccination in five separate studi ...201020381643
differential sensitivity of differentiated epithelial cells to respiratory viruses reveals different viral strategies of host infection.to address the initiation of virus infection in the respiratory tract, we established two culture systems for differentiated bovine airway epithelial cells (baec). filter-grown baec differentiated under air-liquid interface (ali) conditions to generate a pseudo-stratified mucociliary epithelium. alternatively, precision-cut lung slices (pcls) from the bovine airways were generated that retained the original composition and distribution of differentiated epithelial cells. with both systems, epith ...200919052091
comparison of single vaccination versus revaccination with a modified-live virus vaccine containing bovine herpesvirus-1, bovine viral diarrhea virus (types 1a and 2a), parainfluenza type 3 virus, and bovine respiratory syncytial virus in the prevention of bovine respiratory disease in cattle.objective-to compare effects of administration of a modified-live respiratory virus vaccine once with administration of the same vaccine twice on the health and performance of cattle. design-randomized, controlled trial. animals-612 mixed-breed male cattle with unknown health histories. procedures-cattle were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatment groups (single vaccination treatment group [svac group] vs revaccination treatment group [revac group]) during the preconditioning phase of production. ...200919719452
respiratory infections in norwegian dairy calves.the aims of this study were to estimate the seroprevalence of respiratory agents in norwegian dairy calves and to identify risk factors for respiratory disease. the participating 135 herds were randomly selected from those in the norwegian dairy herd recording system with at least 15 cow years. each herd was followed for 1 yr. blood samples from calves of >150 d of age (n = 1,348) were analyzed for antibodies against parainfluenza virus 3, bovine coronavirus (bcov), bovine respiratory syncytial ...200919762832
efficacy of an intranasal modified live bovine respiratory syncytial virus and temperature-sensitive parainfluenza type 3 virus vaccine in 3-week-old calves experimentally challenged with pi3v.two experimental parainfluenza type 3 virus (pi3v) challenge studies were undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of a single intranasal dose of an attenuated live vaccine containing modified live bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) and temperature-sensitive pi3v in 3-week-old calves. in the first study, vaccine efficacy was evaluated in colostrum deprived calves. nasal shedding of pi3v was highly significantly reduced in vaccinated calves challenged 10 days or 21 days after vaccination. in th ...200917931918
respiratory disease associated with bovine coronavirus infection in cattle herds in southern italy.four outbreaks of bovine respiratory disease (brd) associated with bovine coronavirus (bcov) infection in italian cattle herds were reported. in 3 outbreaks, brd was observed only in 2-3-month-old feedlot calves, whereas in the remaining outbreak, lactating cows, heifers, and calves were simultaneously affected. by using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr), bcov rna was detected in all outbreaks without evidence of concurrent viral pathogens (i.e., bovine respiratory syncyti ...200818182504
lentiviruses inefficiently incorporate human parainfluenza type 3 envelope proteins.we have previously shown that the envelope glycoproteins of human parainfluenza type 3 (hpiv3), f and hn, are able to pseudotype lentiviruses, but the titers of these viruses are too low for use in clinical gene transfer. in this study we investigated the cause of these low titers. we compared the mrna and protein expression levels of hn and f in transfected cells and in cells infected with wild-type hpiv3. transfected cells contained similar levels of hn and f cytosolic mrna, but fewer cell-sur ...200817705232
exposure to novel parainfluenza virus and clinical relevance in 2 bottlenose dolphin (tursiops truncatus) populations.parainfluenza virus (piv) is a leading cause of respiratory infections in humans. a novel virus closely related to human and bovine parainfluenza viruses types 3 (hpiv-3 and bpiv-3), named tursiops truncatus parainfluenza virus type 1 (ttpiv-1), was isolated from a dolphin with respiratory disease. we developed a dolphin-specific elisa to measure acute- and convalescent-phase piv antibodies in dolphins during 1999-2006 with hemograms similar to that of the positive control. piv seroconversion oc ...200818325253
specificity and functional interaction of the polymerase complex proteins of human and avian metapneumoviruses.human metapneumovirus (hmpv) and avian metapneumovirus (ampv) have a similar genome organization and protein composition, but a different host range. ampv subgroup c (ampv-c) is more closely related to hmpv than other ampvs. to investigate the specificity and functional interaction of the polymerase complex proteins of human and avian metapneumoviruses, a minireplicon system was generated for ampv-c and used in combination with minireplicon systems for hmpv lineages a1 and b1. viral rna-like mol ...200818343839
effect of a quadrivalent vaccine against respiratory virus on the incidence of respiratory disease in weaned beef calves.we investigated the effect of vaccination of male beef calves (mean age+/-s.d.: 158+/-31 days) against bovine herpes virus (bhv-1 or ibr virus), bovine respiratory syncitial virus (brsv), bovine viral diarrhea (bvd) virus and para-influenza (pi(3)) virus on the incidence of respiratory disease during the first forty days after weaning and entering a feed-lot in portugal. in may 2003, mertolenga, preta and mixed-breed calves from 10 different beef herds, were systematically assigned (by order of ...200818378342
a comparison of 2 vaccination programs in feedlot calves at ultra-high risk of developing undifferentiated fever/bovine respiratory disease.the aim of this study was to compare 2 vaccination programs in feedlot calves at ultra-high risk of developing undifferentiated fever (uf)/bovine respiratory disease (brd). at feedlot arrival, 3882 calves were enrolled in the study and randomly allocated to 2 groups, which were housed by group in 12 pens. at the time of allocation, 1 group (mlv3-bt2) received a multivalent, modified-live viral vaccine containing infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (ibrv) and types i and ii bovine viral diarr ...200818512457
seroprevalence of bovine respiratory viruses in north-western turkey.bovine respiratory disease complex is a very important health problem around the world. present study describes serological distribution of bovine major respiratory viruses in non-vaccinated cattle population of marmara region in north-western turkey. neutralising antibodies specific to bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv), bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), bovine parainfluenza virus 3 (pi-3), bovine adenovirus serotype 1 (bav-1) and serotype 3 (bav-3) were ...200818551779
identification of two distinct bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 genotypes.the partial gene sequencing of the matrix (m) protein from seven clinical isolates of bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (bpiv-3), and the complete sequencing of a representative isolate (q5592) was completed in this study. nucleotide sequence analysis was initiated because of the failure of in-house bpiv-3 rt-pcr methods to yield expected products for four of the isolates. phylogenetic reconstructions based on the nucleotide sequences for the m-protein and the entire genome, using all of the ava ...200818559934
current status of vaccines for parainfluenza virus infections.parainfluenza viruses (piv) have been generally disregarded as pathogens in spite of their importance in pediatric lower respiratory illness. because pivs account for 17% of hospitalized illness associated virus isolation, the development of piv vaccine would be a major advance in preventing lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young children. we will review in detail several piv vaccine candidates and recent newer approaches to piv vaccine development. intranasally administered bovi ...200818820572
serosurveillance of viral diseases in korean native goats (capra hircus).a total of 804 goat sera were collected from 144 goat farms in five regions of south korea during a period between 2005 and 2006 and screened for the antibodies of viral pathogens in ruminants. the individual seropositive rates for each virus were 13.7% (110/804) for bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1), 9.5% (76/804) for bovine parainfluenza type-3 virus (pi-3v), 5.5% (44/804) for akabane virus (akav), 13.3% (107/804) for aino virus (ainv), 2.0% (16/804) for chuzan virus (chuv) and 1.0% (8/804) for bov ...200818840974
characterization of a parainfluenza virus isolated from a bottlenose dolphin (tursiops truncatus).a novel member of the parainfluenza virus family was identified in a bottlenose dolphin with respiratory disease. the case animal was a 19-year old male atlantic bottlenose dolphin (tursiops truncatus) that presented with signs of respiratory illness, including raspy, foul-odored breaths and cream-colored exudate from the blowhole. focally extensive pyogranulomatous bronchointerstitial pneumonia with moderate numbers of intralesional yeast organisms was identified on histopathological examinatio ...200818031960
contribution of mx dynamin, oligoadenylate synthetase, and protein kinase r to anti-paramyxovirus activity of type 1 interferons in vitro.to determine the contribution of mx dynamin, oligoadenylate synthetase (oas), and double-stranded rna-dependent protein kinase r (pkr) to the antiviral effects of type 1 interferons (ifns) against bovine parainfluenza-3 virus (pi-3v) infection of vero cells.200717764414
viral antigen production in cell cultures on microcarriers bovine parainfluenza 3 virus and mdbk cells.viral antigens can be obtained from infected mammalian cells cultivated on microcarriers. we have worked out parameters for the production of bovine parainfluenza 3 (pi-3) virus by mandin-darby bovine kidney (mdbk) cells cultivated on cytodex 1 microcarriers (mcs) in spinners flasks and bioreactor using fetal bovine serum (fbs) supplemented eagle minimal essential medium (eagle-mem). medium renewal during the cell culture was shown to be crucial for optimal mcs loading (>90% mcs with confluent c ...200717920165
a six-year study on respiratory viral infections in a bull testing facility.viral infection dynamics and bovine respiratory disease (brd) treatment rates were studied over six years at a swedish bull testing station with an 'all in, all out' management system. in august of each of the years 1998-2003, between 149 and 185 4-8-month-old calves arrived at the station from 99 to 124 different beef-breeding herds, and remained until march the following year. only calves that tested free from bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) were allowed to enter the station and original a ...200716647871
microorganisms associated with a pneumonic epizootic in rocky mountain bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis canadensis).a comprehensive study of a pneumonic epizootic was initiated when the first signs of disease were noted in a metapopulation of bighorn sheep inhabiting hells canyon, bordering idaho, oregon, and washington. a total of 92 bighorn sheep were tested for etiologic agents during the following 6-mo study period. the study population included bighorn sheep believed to be the subpopulation in which disease was first noted, and these sheep were translocated to a holding facility in an effort to contain t ...200718229860
association of bovine respiratory disease with clinical status and acute phase proteins in calves.eighty-four calves with respiratory disease from 18 herds in different parts of finland were chosen for a study evaluating the capacity of different respiratory pathogens to cause changes in different acute phase protein concentrations, white blood cell (wbc) count and clinical signs. the selected acute phase proteins were fibrinogen, haptoglobin, serum amyloid-a, lipopolysaccharide binding protein and alpha1-acid glycoprotein. from each calf, a paired blood sample was obtained for serological s ...200717258318
efficacy of a quadrivalent vaccine against respiratory diseases caused by bhv-1, pi3v, bvdv and brsv in experimentally infected calves.the efficacy of a quadrivalent vaccine against viral bovine respiratory diseases (brd) was assessed in four experimental studies. calves between 2 and 9 months of age were allocated to one of two treatment groups (n=9-15) and then received either the vaccine or sterile saline in two doses approximately 3 weeks apart. three to 5 weeks after the second injection, animals were challenged experimentally with one of the viruses, bovine herpes-virus-1 (bhv-1), parainfluenza type-3 virus (pi(3)v), bovi ...200717276108
bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 accessory proteins that suppress beta interferon production.the paramyxovirus p gene encodes accessory proteins antagonistic to interferon (ifn). viral proteins responsible for the ifn antagonism, however, are distinct among paramyxoviruses. here we determine bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (bpiv3) ifn antagonists that suppress ifn-beta production, and investigate the underlying molecular mechanism. of bpiv3 p gene products, c and v proteins were found to suppress double-stranded rna-stimulated ifn-beta production. the v protein of bpiv3 and sendai vir ...200717548221
detection of antibodies and risk factors for infection with bovine respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza virus-3 in beef cattle of yucatan, mexico.we collected blood samples from 756 > or =2-year-old cattle in 54 herds in yucatan, mexico, and used all of those to determine the antibody seroprevalences (in an indirect enzyme-linked inmunosorbance assay) to bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) and risk factors for animal-level seropositivity. we used 728 of the same samples (from 52 of the same herds) to do the same for parainfluenza virus-3 (piv3). cattle were selected by two-stage cluster sampling. herd-level and animal-level risk fac ...200717590461
reproductive safety of vaccination with vista 5 l5 sq near breeding time as determined by the effect on conception rates.replacement heifers (n=799; 10 to 13 months of age) were vaccinated with vista 5 l5 sq (intervet; a reconstituted vaccine-bacterin product containing modified-live cultures of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis [ibr] virus, bovine viral diarrhea virus [bvdv; types 1 and 2], parainfluenza-3 virus, and bovine respiratory syncytial virus and inactivated cultures of leptospira serovars canicola, grippotyphosa, hardjo, icterohaemorrhagiae, and pomona with a proprietary adjuvant) at either 40 plus/minu ...200717926303
dynamics of virus infections involved in the bovine respiratory disease complex in swedish dairy herds.the dynamics of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), bovine parainfluenza virus 3 (piv-3), bovine corona virus (bcov) and bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) infections were studied in 118 dairy herds in south western sweden. by using serology on paired samples from three approximately 7 vs. approximately 15-month-old calves per herd, the propagation of infections was investigated over about a 1-year period. the results implied that at least 74% of calves had experienced one or more of the ...200615964774
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