Publications

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development of a one-run real-time pcr detection system for pathogens associated with bovine respiratory disease complex.bovine respiratory disease complex (brdc) is frequently found in cattle worldwide. the etiology of brdc is complicated by infections with multiple pathogens, making identification of the causal pathogen difficult. here, we developed a detection system by applying taqman real-time pcr (dembo respiratory-pcr) to screen a broad range of microbes associated with brdc in a single run. we selected 16 bovine respiratory pathogens (bovine viral diarrhea virus, bovine coronavirus, bovine parainfluenza vi ...201728070089
pathogens, patterns of pneumonia, and epidemiologic risk factors associated with respiratory disease in recently weaned cattle in ireland.we examined the pathogens, morphologic patterns, and risk factors associated with bovine respiratory disease (brd) in 136 recently weaned cattle ("weanlings"), 6-12 mo of age, that were submitted for postmortem examination to regional veterinary laboratories in ireland. a standardized sampling protocol included routine microbiologic investigations as well as polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. lungs with histologic lesions were categorized into 1 of 5 morphologic patterns of pneu ...201728074713
serologic survey for antibodies against three genotypes of bovine parainfluenza 3 virus in unvaccinated ungulates in alabama.objective to determine titers of serum antibodies against 3 genotypes of bovine parainfluenza 3 virus (bpi3v) in unvaccinated ungulates in alabama. animals 62 cattle, goats, and new world camelids from 5 distinct herds and 21 captured white-tailed deer. procedures serum samples were obtained from all animals for determination of anti-bpi3v antibody titers, which were measured by virus neutralization assays that used indicator (reference) viruses from each of the 3 bpi3v genotypes (bpi3v-a, bpi3v ...201728140644
the bovine paranasal sinuses: bacterial flora, epithelial expression of nitric oxide and potential role in the in-herd persistence of respiratory disease pathogens.the bovine paranasal sinuses are a group of complex cavernous air-filled spaces, lined by respiratory epithelium, the exact function of which is unclear. while lesions affecting these sinuses are occasionally reported in cattle, their microbial flora has not been defined. furthermore, given that the various bacterial and viral pathogens causing bovine respiratory disease (brd) persist within herds, we speculated that the paranasal sinuses may serve as a refuge for such infectious agents. the par ...201728282443
genomic and antigenic characterization of bovine parainfluenza-3 viruses in the united states including modified live virus vaccine (mlv) strains and field strains from cattle.this study investigated the genetic and antigenic characterization of parainfluenza-3 virus (pi3v) of cattle. using molecular tests including real time pcr and viral genome sequencing, pi3v strains could be separated into pi3v types, including pi3v a, pi3v b, and pi3v c. isolates from cattle with bovine respiratory disease clinical signs and commercial vaccines in the u.s. with mlv pi3v were typed using these molecular tests. all the mlv vaccine strains tested were pi3v a. in most cases pi3v fie ...201728416404
a single l288i substitution in the fusion protein of bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 enhances virus growth in semi-suitable cell lines.the bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 bn-ce vaccine strain was obtained by serial passage of the bn-1 strain in chicken embryonic fibroblasts (cef). we previously identified a substitution (l288i) in the fusion (f) protein between the two strains. to examine the effect of the substitution on cef adaptation and attenuation, we generated a recombinant bn-1 strain with the l288i substitution in the f protein (f(l288i)-egfp). f(l288i)-egfp replicated more efficiently than a recombinant bn-1 strain ( ...201728451903
virus detection by pcr following vaccination of naive calves with intranasal or injectable multivalent modified-live viral vaccines.we evaluated duration of pcr-positive results following administration of modified-live viral (mlv) vaccines to beef calves. twenty beef calves were randomly assigned to either group 1 and vaccinated intranasally with a mlv vaccine containing bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (bohv-1), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), and bovine parainfluenza virus 3 (bpiv-3), or to group 2 and vaccinated subcutaneously with a mlv vaccine containing bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 and 2 (bvdv-1, -2), bohv-1, brs ...201728545321
efficacy and safety of ban huang oral liquid for treating bovine respiratory diseases.ban huang oral liquid was developed as a veterinary compound preparation by the lanzhou institute of husbandry and pharmaceutical sciences of the chinese academy of agricultural sciences (caas). the purpose of this study was to determine whether the oral liquid preparation of traditional chinese medicine, ban huang, is safe and effective for treating respiratory diseases in cattle.201728573221
identification of candidate protein markers of bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 infection using an in vitro model.bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (bpi3v) infections are often asymptomatic, causing respiratory tissue damage and immunosuppression, predisposing animals to severe bacterial pneumonia, the leading cause of bovine respiratory disease (brd) mortality. as with many pathogens, routine bpi3v serology does not indicate the presence of damaged respiratory tissue or active infection. in vitro proteomic marker screening using disease relevant cell models could help identify markers of infection and tiss ...201728619153
cholesterol-rich lipid rafts play a critical role in bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (bpiv3) infection.lipid rafts are specialized lipid domains enriched in cholesterol and sphingolipid, which can be utilized in the lifecycle of numerous enveloped viruses. bovine parainfluenza virustype3 (bpiv3) entry to cell is mediated by receptor binding and membrane fusion, but how lipid rafts in host cell membrane and bpiv3 envelope affect virus infection remains unclear. in this study, we investigated the role of lipid rafts in the different stages of bpiv3 infection. the mdbk cells were treated by methyl-β ...201728654867
reciprocal complementation of bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 lacking either the membrane or fusion gene.two defective bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (bpiv3) strains were generated, one lacking the membrane (m) protein gene and expressing egfp (δm-egfp) and the other lacking the fusion (f) protein gene and expressing mstrawberry (δf-msb), by supplying deficient proteins in trans. when madin-darby bovine kidney (mdbk) cells were co-infected with δm-egfp and δf-msb at a multiplicity of infection (moi) of 0.1, complemented viruses were easily obtained. complemented viruses grew as efficiently as wi ...201728842134
diva metabolomics: differentiating vaccination status following viral challenge using metabolomic profiles.bovine respiratory disease (brd) is a major source of economic loss within the agricultural industry. vaccination against brd-associated viruses does not offer complete immune protection and vaccine failure animals present potential routes for disease spread. serological differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals (diva) is possible using antigen-deleted vaccines, but during virus outbreaks diva responses are masked by wild-type virus preventing accurate serodiagnosis. previous work by t ...201829621258
comparative health assessment of urban and non-urban free-ranging mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) in southeastern british columbia, canada.the provincial wildlife management agency, british columbia ministry of forests, lands, natural resource operations and rural development, performed a translocation to control the urban mule deer (odocoileus hemionus; umd) overpopulation and supplement the declining non-urban mule deer (numd) population in the kootenay region, british columbia, canada. the objectives of this cross-sectional study were to evaluate the health of the urban and numd populations by comparing pathogen exposure, body c ...201829942678
health status of reintroduced wood bison ( bison bison athabascae): assessing the conservation value of an isolated population in northwestern canada.a central goal for reintroduced populations of threatened wood bison ( bison bison athabascae) is to maintain them free of diseases of concern, particularly bovine tuberculosis (caused by mycobacterium bovis) and brucellosis (caused by brucella abortus). a wood bison population in southwestern yukon, canada was reintroduced into the wild in 1988, but no health assessment has been done since then. to provide an initial assessment of the health status and, hence, the conservation value of this pop ...201929953313
mycoplasma bovis and viral agents associated with the development of bovine respiratory disease in adult dairy cows.the etiology and pathologic findings of bovine respiratory disease (brd) in adult dairy cows (n = 35) from a commercial dairy herd in southern brazil were investigated. pulmonary samples were examined for histopathologic patterns and specific features within these patterns, while immunohistochemical (ihc) assays were designed to detect the intralesional antigens of viral infectious disease agents and mycoplasma bovis. pneumonia was diagnosed in 91.4% (32/35) of these cases; neither pneumonia nor ...202031232526
a parainfluenza virus vector expressing the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) prefusion f protein is more effective than rsv for boosting a primary immunization with rsv.live-attenuated pediatric vaccines for intranasal administration are being developed for human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), an important worldwide pediatric respiratory pathogen that lacks a licensed vaccine or suitable antiviral drug. we evaluated a prime-boost strategy in which primary immunization with rsv was boosted by secondary immunization with rsv or with a chimeric bovine/human parainfluenza virus type 3 (rb/hpiv3) vector expressing the rsv fusion f protein. the vector-expressed f ...202033115876
influenza d virus in respiratory disease in canadian, province of québec, cattle: relative importance and evidence of new reassortment between different clades.influenza d virus (idv), a segmented single-stranded negative-sense ribonucleic acid (rna) virus, belongs to the new delta influenza virus genus of the orthomyxoviridae family. cattle were proposed as the natural reservoir of idv in which infection was associated with mild-to-moderate respiratory clinical signs (i.e. cough, nasal discharge and dyspnoea).202133764631
non-epidermidis coagulase-negative staphylococcus isolated from farm animals can inhibit the hemagglutinating activity of newcastle disease virus and bovine parainfluenza virus type 3.the embp protein of staphylococcus epidermidis inhibits the hemagglutination of the h1n1 influenza virus and protects birds from a viral respiratory infection. several species of coagulase-negative staphylococcus (cons) are present in the respiratory cavity, particularly in nostrils. we hypothesize that non-epidermidis cons found in animals can have the same function as observed in s. epidermidis. thirty non-epidermidis cons isolates were obtained from poultry, sheep, goat, pig, and dairy cow no ...202133892436
the participation of a malignant catarrhal fever virus and mycoplasma bovis in the development of single and mixed infections in beef and dairy cattle with bovine respiratory disease.the bovine respiratory disease (brd) complex is a multietiological and multifactorial disease associated with a wide range of viral and bacterial pathogens. this study evaluated the contribution of specific infectious disease agents in the development of brd in cattle from brazil and determined if a virus within the malignant catarrhal fever virus (mcfv) group and mycoplasma bovis, acting individually or in conjunction, can be associated with the development of brd. formalin-fixed paraffin-embed ...202134368279
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