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inhibition of virus attachment to cpk cells by monoclonal antibody to transmissible gastroenteritis virus.five mabs, which recognized e2 glycoprotein of tge virus to-163 and showed neutralizing activity, were examined to see if they inhibit virus attachment to the susceptible cells (cpk cells). only one (160/4) mab blocked the virus attachment to the cells, indicating that the inhibition of virus attachment is one of important mechanisms of neutralizing by antibody.19911649515
transmissible gastroenteritis in neonatal dogs: experimental intestinal infection with transmissible gastroenteritis virus.fourteen neonatal dogs (4 through 11 days of age) were exposed orally to the purdue strain of transmissible gastroenteritis (tge) virus, and six dogs of similar age were noninoculated controls. clinical signs of enteric disease did not develop. both exposed and control dogs had normal fecal passages and appetite throughout the experiment. jejunal epithelium from dogs euthanatized at 12, 24, 48, and 96 hours and at 10 days after exposure did not exhibit morphologic alterations detectable by light ...1979229745
rotavirus as a cause of diarrhea in pigs.a rotavirus (reovirus-like agent) was associated with diarrheal diseases occurring in 1- to 4-week-old suckling pigs in 8 herds and in weaned pigs in 2 herds. transmissible gastroenteritis virus was also detected in 2 of these herds, as was enteropathogenic escherichia coli in 5 herds. morbidity was generally greater than 80% in pigs of the affected age group within these herds, and mortality from diarrhea ranged from 7 to 20%. the disease due to rotavirus in suckling pigs appeared similar to th ...1978203565
antiviral activity against transmissible gastroenteritis virus, and cytotoxicity, of natural porcine interferons alpha and beta.porcine interferon (poifn)-alpha prepared in primed peripheral blood leukocyte cultures induced with newcastle disease virus and poifn-beta from pk-15 cell cultures induced with polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid were partially purified by precipitation with potassium thiocyanate and anion exchange chromatography. mean purification factors in terms of units of poifn per mg of protein, of 37 and 12 were obtained for poifn-alpha and poifn-beta respectively. in yield reduction assays in swine testis a ...19911653103
transmissible gastroenteritis: sodium transport and the intestinal epithelium during the course of viral enteritis.sodium transport, mucosal structure, and epithelial enzymes were studied in piglets killed 10, 25, 40, 72, or 144 hr after infection with a standard dose of transmissible gastroenteritis virus. glucose-stimulated na transport measured in short-circuited jejunal epithelium and suspensions of villous enterocytes became progressively more abnormal during the first 40 hr, but recovered completely by 144 hr. as na transport deteriorated, jejunal mucosal villi shortened and crypts deepened; cells isol ...1977832794
a capture-enzyme immunoassay for rapid diagnosis of transmissible gastroenteritis virus.two enzyme immunoassays (eia) were developed for the detection of swine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) antigens. the 2 eias used the same detecting system, a monoclonal antibody conjugated to horseradish peroxidase, but used different capture systems including a monoclonal antibody (m-eia) or a polyclonal antibody (p-eia). the eias were compared with the fluorescent antibody test (fat) and electron microscopy (em) for the detection of tgev in intestinal samples of experimentally inoc ...19911654131
viral gastroenteritis: recent progress, remaining problems.infants and young children are particularly susceptible to a recently identified viral enteritis which is highly contagious and seems both common and universal. in this disease, virus invades the upper intestinal epithelium, causing acute diarrhoea with early fever and vomiting. we studied a similar disease in pigs, infecting three-week-old animals with transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tge), which also invades the upper intestinal epithelium. in this model, diarrhoea is massive 16-40 hours a ...19761049555
immune electron microscopy of transmissible gastroenteritis virus and rotavirus (reovirus-like agent) of swine.immune electron microscopy (iem) was developed as a diagnostic aid for detecting and identifying transmissible gastroenteritis virus and rotavirus (reovirus-like agent) in fecal and intestinal contents from cases of gastroenteritis in young pigs. variables involved in use of direct iem and its sensitivity were determined. aggregates of virus coated with specific antibody were seen in virus samples mixed with homologous convalescent antiserum, but not in control samples containing preexposure ser ...1977189646
analysis of a 9.6 kb sequence from the 3' end of canine coronavirus genomic rna.we have analysed the organization of the 3' end of the genomic rna of canine coronavirus (ccv), a virus which has a close antigenic relationship to transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), porcine respiratory coronavirus (prcv) and feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv). genomic rna isolated from ccv strain insavc-1-infected a72 cells was used to generate a cdna library. overlapping clones, spanning approximately 9.6 kb [from the 3' end of the polymerase gene, 1b, to the poly(a) tail] wer ...19921431811
outbreaks in quebec pig farms of respiratory and reproductive problems associated with encephalomyocarditis virus.encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) was isolated from tissues of aborted fetuses and weaned and suckling piglets from 4 different pig farms in quebec. the farms were experiencing reproductive failure in sows of different parities concomitant to respiratory problems in suckling and postweaning piglets. at necropsy, gross lesions were confined to the lung and consisted of pulmonary congestion and edema of various degrees. lesions of multifocal interstitial to proliferative pneumonia were found in th ...19911662074
an elisa for detection of antibodies against porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (pedv) based on the specific solubility of the viral surface glycoprotein.viral proteins of porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (pedv) were extracted from the cytoplasm of infected vero cells using hypotonic conditions and a non-ionic detergent. both the ph and the nacl concentration of the extraction buffer were varied in attempts to increase the solubility of the virion spike glycoproteins (s-protein) and of the nucleocapsid proteins (n-protein). monoclonal antibodies, hyperimmune sera and convalescent pig sera were used to identify and monitor these proteins by immuno ...19921441196
expression and cellular localisation of porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus n and m proteins by recombinant vaccinia viruses.porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) nucleoprotein and integral membrane protein genes were cloned into the vaccinia virus insertion vector, pgs20, in the correct orientation for expression under the control of the vaccinia p7.5k promoter. recombinant vaccinia viruses were generated by in vivo homologous recombination of the insertion vector with the wr strain of vaccinia virus. nucleoprotein (n) expressed by both recombinant vaccinia virus and tgev had a relative molecular mass (m ...19911645905
fixed-cell immunoperoxidase technique for the study of surface antigens induced by the coronavirus of transmissible gastroenteritis (tgev).an immunoperoxidase technique performed on the tgev-infected cells was developed for detection of virus-induced antigens. the presence of m antigen of tgev on the surface of infected cells was demonstrated by this technique. this finding is in contrast to the m protein of murine hepatitis coronavirus which migrates to the golgi apparatus but is not transported to the plasma membrane. the time course of appearance m and s antigens on the surface of tgev-infected cell can be studied by this techni ...19911663290
histocompatible miniature pig (d/d haplotype): generation of hybridomas secreting a or m monoclonal antibody.two hypoxanthine/aminopterin/thymidine-sensitive cell sublines (l142 and l231) have been derived from independent lymphoblastoid cell lines of b lineage. after propagation for more than 100 population doublings (1 year) in culture, these cells still retained a doubling time between 19 to 20 hours, near diploïdy and relatively low (l142) and high (l231) secretion rate of m immunoglobulins. near diploid hybrid cells were easily generated with leukocytes from the spleen, the gut lamina propria or t ...19911667778
localization of major neutralizing epitopes on the s1 polypeptide of the murine coronavirus peplomer glycoprotein.a recombinant baculovirus system has been used to express the amino terminal half of the murine coronavirus (jhmv) peplomer glycoprotein in insect cells. the expressed polypeptide is glycosylated and is recognized by a set of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) specific for jhmv s protein. three of these mabs have a very high neutralizing activity for jhmv but not for other mhv strains. these results indicate that jhmv-specific, major neutralizing epitopes reside in the amino terminal s1 subunit of the ...19911645909
serological studies of transmissible gastroenteritis in great britain, using a competitive elisa.a competitive elisa which differentiates between transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) and porcine respiratory coronavirus (prcv) was used to detect non-neutralising antibodies to the peplomer protein of tgev in porcine sera. the test was shown to be tgev specific, having a relative specificity of 100 per cent, and to have a relative sensitivity of 94.9 per cent when compared with the virus neutralisation test. the prevalence of tgev in great britain is low; only 0.6 per cent of sows sample ...19911651028
effects of ambient temperatures on induction of transmissible gastroenteritis in feeder pigs.experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of ambient temperatures on the induction of transmissible gastroenteritis in feeder pigs 2 to 3 months old. pigs maintained at a high temperature (30 +/- 2 degrees c) and exposed to the virulent transmissible gastroenteritis virus did not show clinical signs of the disease during their maintenance at the high temperature. on the other hand, a sudden decrease in the ambient temperature, either before or after virus inoculation, induced sever ...1978213387
four major antigenic sites of the coronavirus transmissible gastroenteritis virus are located on the amino-terminal half of spike glycoprotein s.four major antigenic sites have been delineated on the spike protein (s) of the porcine enteric coronavirus transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) in previous topological studies using monoclonal antibodies (mabs). correlation of these sites with the physical structure of the protein was achieved by use of different approaches. recombinant pex plasmids directing the synthesis of various fused s polypeptides were constructed. a hybrid protein containing nine s-specific residues (363 to 371) w ...19901693663
prevalence of pseudorabies virus infection and associated infections in six large swine herds in illinois.sera were collected from 6 large farrow-to-finish swine herds infected with pseudorabies virus (prv) in illinois. all herds were participating in the large herd cleanup study, a usda-initiated project to evaluate the feasibility of eradicating pseudorabies from large farms (greater than 400 sows) by use of a combination of vaccination and management changes. herd size ranged between 425 and 1,500 breeding females. between april and july 1990, sera for measurement of prv antibodies were obtained ...19911651912
expression of swine transmissible gastroenteritis virus envelope antigens on the surface of infected cells: epitopes externally exposed.the peplomer protein (s) and the transmembrane protein (m) of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) of swine were identified by iodination and serologically on the surface of infected cells. of a total of 4 monoclonal antibodies (mab) directed against four antigenic sites of s protein (correa et al., 1988), 3 specific for sites a, b and d attached to the plasma membrane of infected cells, as disclosed by indirect immunofluorescence and by complement-mediated cytolysis. four of the mabs assa ...19901697441
antigenic analysis of feline coronaviruses with monoclonal antibodies (mabs): preparation of mabs which discriminate between fipv strain 79-1146 and fecv strain 79-1683.we prepared 31 monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against either fipv strain 79-1146 or fecv strain 79-1683, and tested them for reactivity with various coronaviruses by indirect fluorescent antibody assay (ifa). sixteen mabs which reacted with all of the 11 strains of feline coronaviruses, also reacted with canine coronavirus (ccv) and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev). in many of them, the polypeptide specificity was the recognition of transmembrane (e1) protein of the virus. we succeeded i ...19911653482
nucleocapsid or spike protein-specific cd4+ t lymphocytes protect against coronavirus-induced encephalomyelitis in the absence of cd8+ t cells.to investigate the antiviral cd4+ t cell response in coronavirus mhv-jhm-induced encephalomyelitis, spleen and thymic lymphocytes from diseased rats were stimulated in culture with virus ag, expanded and tested for their specificity to viral proteins and nucleocapsid (n) and spike (s) proteins that had been expressed in bacteria. a strong t cell response specific for n was measurable during acute disease, whereas s-specific t cells were only detectable in rats with a later onset of disease. cd4+ ...19911655890
age-dependent resistance to transmissible gastroenteritis of swine. iii. effects of epithelial cell kinetics on coronavirus production and on atrophy of intestinal villi.coronavirus titers in small intestine, degree of villous atrophy and apparent rates of regeneration of intestinal villi were compared in newborn, 3-week-old and adult pigs for 1 week after they were exposed to the transmissible gastroenteritis virus of swine. the response within the newborn group was homogeneous, resulting in high virus titers, maximal villous atrophy and comparatively slow regeneration. in general, virus titers were lower, villous atrophy was less severe and regeneration more r ...19751229058
background paper. mapping epitopes on coronavirus glycoproteins. 19901715655
enteric coronavirus tgev: mapping of four major antigenic determinants in the amino half of peplomer protein e 2. 19901715657
location of antigenic sites of the s-glycoprotein of transmissible gastroenteritis virus and their conservation in coronaviruses. 19901715658
linear neutralizing epitopes on the peplomer protein of coronaviruses. 19901715660
single amino acid changes in the viral glycoprotein m affect induction of alpha interferon by the coronavirus transmissible gastroenteritis virus.transmissible gastroenteritis virus, an enteropathogenic coronavirus of swine, is a potent inducer of alpha interferon (ifn-alpha) both in vitro and in vivo. previous studies have shown that virus-infected fixed cells or viral suspensions were able to induce an early and strong ifn-alpha synthesis by naive lymphocytes. two monoclonal antibodies directed against the viral membrane glycoprotein m (29,000; formerly e1) were found to markedly inhibit virus-induced ifn production, thus assigning to m ...19921309909
the 9-kda hydrophobic protein encoded at the 3' end of the porcine transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus genome is membrane-associated.the open reading frame potentially encoding a 78 amino acid, 9101 da hydrophobic protein (hp) and, mapping at the 3' end of the porcine transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus (tgev) genome, was shown to be expressed during virus replication. the cloned hp gene was placed in a plasmid under control of the t7 rna polymerase promoter and in vitro translation of transcripts generated in vitro yielded a 9.1-kda protein that was immunoprecipitable with porcine hyperimmune anti-tgev serum. antiserum ...19921310191
intestinal permeability in piglets during transmissible gastroenteritis.macromolecular permeability of the small intestine was tested in seven three-week-old piglets infected with porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tge-strain miller). fourteen hours after the infection, the piglets showed loss of appetite and a profuse diarrhoea. in some animals vomiting occurred somewhat earlier. macromolecular permeability was tested morphologically by injecting horseradish peroxidase (mw = 40,000 da) into the jejunal lumen just distally to the treitz' ligament in two pi ...19911830439
clinical and pathologic effects of oral administration of transmissible gastroenteritis vaccine to gnotobiotic pigs.pigs from 3 litters kept under gnotobiotic conditions were inoculated orally with virulent transmissible gastroenteritis (tge) virus, a tge vaccine, or hank's balanced salt solution at 2 days of age and then euthanatized at intervals ranging from 1 to 7 days after inoculation. pigs exposed to the vaccine had clinical evidence of diarrhea and weakness. lesions resembling those of tge were revealed grossly, microscopically, and by scanning electron microscopy. viral antigen was seen in intestinal ...19921311537
primary structure of the membrane and nucleocapsid protein genes of feline infectious peritonitis virus and immunogenicity of recombinant vaccinia viruses in kittens.feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) causes a mostly fatal, immunologically mediated disease in cats. previously, we demonstrated that immunization with a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the fipv spike protein (s) induced early death after challenge with fipv (vennema et al., 1990, j. virol. 64, 1407-1409). in this paper we describe similar immunizations with the fipv membrane (m) and nucleocapsid (n) proteins. the genes encoding these proteins were cloned and sequenced. comparison o ...19911847259
tgev corona virus orf4 encodes a membrane protein that is incorporated into virions.the coding potential of the open reading frame orf4 (82 amino acids) of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) has been confirmed by expression using a baculovirus vector. five monoclonal antibodies (mabs) raised against the 10k recombinant product immunoprecipitated a polypeptide of a similar size in tgev-infected cells. immunofluorescence assays performed both on insect and mammalian cells revealed that orf4 was a membrane-associated protein, a finding consistent with the prediction of a m ...19921316677
coronavirus infection in mink (mustela vison). serological evidence of infection with a coronavirus related to transmissible gastroenteritis virus and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus.antibodies to a transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev)-related coronavirus have been demonstrated in mink sera by indirect immunofluorescence, peroxidase-linked antibody assays and immunoblotting. this is the first serological evidence of a specific coronavirus infection in mink. the putative mink coronavirus (mcv) seems to be widespread in the danish mink population with a prevalence approaching 100%. analysis by immunoblotting has shown that mcv is closely related to tgev by the spike (s), ...19921319622
genetic evolution and tropism of transmissible gastroenteritis coronaviruses.transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) is an enteropathogenic coronavirus isolated for the first time in 1946. nonenteropathogenic porcine respiratory coronaviruses (prcvs) have been derived from tgev. the genetic relationship among six european prcvs and five coronaviruses of the tgev antigenic cluster has been determined based on their rna sequences. the s protein of six prcvs have an identical deletion of 224 amino acids starting at position 21. the deleted area includes the antigenic sit ...19921326823
effect of fixation on the detection of transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus antigens by the fixed-cell immunoperoxidase technique.the effect of various fixatives and detergents on the in vitro detection of the viral determinants which are expressed in swine testis cells infected with the transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus (tgev) was studied using a microwell immunoperoxidase technique. when compared with glutaraldehyde and formaldehyde, 0.1% paraformaldehyde was found to be the fixative of choice for the detection of these determinants on the membranes of infected cells. among dehydrating fixatives, 80% acetone or a ...19921328393
infection of pigs with transmissible gastroenteritis virus from contaminated carcases.sixteen 6-month-old pigs were exposed to transmissible gastroenteritis (tge) virus by placing them in close contact with piglets infected at 1 week of age. fourteen of the older pigs were slaughtered between 1 and 5 d after exposure to infection and their carcases dressed in simulated abattoir conditions. samples of muscle, bone marrow and carcase lymph nodes were stored at -25 degrees c for at least 30 d and then homogenised and fed to groups of 1-week-old and 3-week-old pigs. four of 12 one-we ...19911850235
genomic organization and expression of the 3' end of the canine and feline enteric coronaviruses.the genomic organization at the 3' end of canine coronavirus (ccv) and feline enteric coronavirus (fecv) was determined by sequence analysis and compared to that of feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) of swine. comparison of the latter two has previously revealed an extra open reading frame (orf) at the 3' end of the fipv genome, lacking in tgev, which is currently designated orf 6b. both ccv and fecv possess 6b-related orfs at the 3' ends of ...19921329312
interferon induction in porcine leukocytes with transmissible gastroenteritis virus.leukocytes were harvested from the peripheral blood, mesenteric lymph node and small intestinal lamina propria from groups of three piglets before, and 1, 2 and 3 weeks after infection with virulent transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) at 2 weeks of age. the donor piglets developed clinical signs of transmissible gastroenteritis which persisted for up to 3 days, and they developed peak serum titres of tgev-neutralizing antibodies 2 weeks post-infection. the leukocytes were cultured in the ...19921345591
localization of extensive deletions in the structural genes of two neurotropic variants of murine coronavirus jhm.the intracellular rna of two neurotropic variants of the jhm strain of mouse hepatitis virus (mhv) independently isolated from the brain and spinal cord of an infected wistar furth rat were compared with that of the parental virus. the mrnas corresponding to the genes encoding the peplomer (s) and the hemagglutinin-esterase (he) proteins of the variant viruses were found to be smaller in size. the possible sequence changes were studied by oligonucleotide fingerprinting and direct rna sequencing. ...19911850936
antigenic structure of transmissible gastroenteritis virus nucleoprotein.a group of 11 monoclonal antibodies (mabs) raised against transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) was used to study the antigenic structure of the virus nucleoprotein (n). to identify the regions recognized by mabs, dna fragments derived from the n-coding region of the tgev strain fs772/70 were cloned into pur expression plasmids and the antigenicity of the resulting fusion proteins was analyzed by immunoblotting. a major antigenic domain was identified, covering the first 241 amino acid resi ...19921373552
antigenic variation among transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) and porcine respiratory coronavirus strains detected with monoclonal antibodies to the s protein of tgev.five nonneutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mab) generated to the virulent miller strain of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) and specific for the s protein were characterized. competition assays between purified and biotinylated mab indicated that mab 75b10 and 8g11 mapped near a new subsite, designated v and 2 mab, 44c11 and 45a8, mapped to a previously designated subsite d. a fifth mab mapped between subsites v and e. these mab were tested with 3 previously characterized mab to subsi ...19921379786
sequence analysis of the turkey enteric coronavirus nucleocapsid and membrane protein genes: a close genomic relationship with bovine coronavirus.the 3' end of the turkey coronavirus (tcv) genome and the gene encoding the nucleocapsid protein (n) were cloned and sequenced. the gene encoding the membrane protein (m) was obtained by cloning a polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-amplified fragment obtained using bovine coronavirus (bcv)-specific primers. furthermore, five tcv dna fragments, obtained by pcr on rna from clinical specimens and corresponding to either the n terminus of the m protein or the complete m protein were also cloned and seq ...19911856695
isolation of sequences from a random-sequence expression library that mimic viral epitopes.we describe the use of random peptide sequences for the mapping of antigenic determinants. an oligonucleotide with a completely degenerate sequence of 17 or 23 nucleotides was inserted into a bacterial expression vector. this resulted in an expression library producing random hexa- or octapeptides attached to a beta-galactosidase hybrid protein. mimotopes, or antigenic sequences that mimic an epitope, were selected by immunoscreening of colonies with monoclonal antibodies, which were specific fo ...19921380046
coronavirus motif. 19911896083
experimental induction of diarrhoea in newly-weaned piglets.to induce diarrhoea and hypovolaemia, newly-weaned conventionally bred piglets (3- to 4-weeks-old), were either given secretagogues or were inoculated with enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec). choleratoxin (n = 2), e. coli heat-labile enterotoxin (n = 2) or castor oil (n = 2) were given intragastrically or piglets were intraperitoneally injected with dl 5-hydroxytryptophan (n = 3). these substances induced a transient diarrhoea without clinical symptoms of dehydration. therefore, a combinati ...19911950231
sequence analysis of the leader rna of two porcine coronaviruses: transmissible gastroenteritis virus and porcine respiratory coronavirus.the leader rna sequence was determined for two pig coronaviruses, transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), and porcine respiratory coronavirus (prcv). primer extension, of a synthetic oligonucleotide complementary to the 5' end of the nucleoprotein gene of tgev was used to produce a single-stranded dna copy of the leader rna from the nucleoprotein mrna species from tgev and prcv, the sequences of which were determined by maxam and gilbert cleavage. northern blot analysis, using a synthetic ol ...19901962975
sequence of the s gene from a virulent british field isolate of transmissible gastroenteritis virus.subgenomic mrna from a virulent field isolate of porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), strain fs772/70, was used to produce cdna. the cdna from three overlapping clones was sequenced by the chain termination method and two open reading frames (orfs) were identified. the largest orf, 4350bp, encoded a polypeptide of 1449 amino acids of relative molecular mass (mr) 159811, which contained 33 potential n-linked glycosylation sites, a cysteine-rich region, and a potential transmembrane ...19901964522
evidence for a porcine respiratory coronavirus, antigenically similar to transmissible gastroenteritis virus, in the united states.a respiratory variant of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), designated prcv-ind/89, was isolated from a swine breeding stock herd in indiana. the virus was readily isolated from nasal swabs of pigs of different ages and induced cytopathology on primary porcine kidney cells and and on a swine testicular (st) cell line. an 8-week-old pig infected oral/nasally with the respiratory variant and a contact pig showed no signs of respiratory or enteric disease. these pigs did not shed virus in ...19901965638
effect of concentration and source of sulfate on nursery pig performance and health.the effect of sulfate in drinking water at concentrations of 600, 1,200, and 1,800 mg/l on nursery pig performance and health was evaluated over 28 days on 415 weaned pigs. sodium sulfate and magnesium sulfate were evaluated in combination at concentrations of 600, 1,200, and 1,800 mg/l, and independently at concentrations of 600 and 1,800 mg/l in the drinking water. seven treatment groups and 1 control group were evaluated for mean gain, feed consumption, water consumption, feed conversion, pre ...19921429159
enzyme immunofiltration assay for measurement of antibodies to transmissible gastroenteritis virus of swine: comparison with enzyme immunosorbence assay, serum neutralization, and indirect immunofluorescent antibody techniques. 19911662083
expression of tgev structural genes in virus vectors. 19901966407
the cloning and sequencing of the virion protein genes from a british isolate of porcine respiratory coronavirus: comparison with transmissible gastroenteritis virus genes.previous analysis of porcine respiratory coronavirus (prcv) mrna species showed that mrnas 2 and 3 were smaller than the corresponding transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) mrna species (page et al. (1991) j. gen. virol. 72, 579-587). sequence analysis showed that mrna 3 was smaller due to the presence of a new putative rna-leader binding site upstream of the prcv orf-3 gene. however, this observation did not explain the deletion observed in prcv mrna 2. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was ...19911662846
characterization and reactivity of monoclonal antibodies to the miller strain of transmissible gastroenteritis virus of swine.hybridomas secreting monoclonal (mab) to transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) were produced by fusion of sp2/0 myeloma cells and splenic lymphocytes of balb/c mice immunized with the virulent cell-passaged miller strain of tgev. the mab secreted by these hybridomas were partially characterized; 4 of them (ma4, ma5, mh11, mb2) had high-neutralization titer for tgev. the remaining 7 (mc6, md9, me5, mg5, mf2, me9, mg7) did not neutralize tgev at 1:25 dilution. all 4 neutralizing and 2 of the ...19901689128
genomic organisation of a virulent isolate of porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus. 19901966423
antigenic homology among coronaviruses related to transmissible gastroenteritis virus.the antigenic homology of 26 coronavirus isolates, of which 22 were antigenically related to transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), was determined with 42 monoclonal antibodies. type, group, and interspecies specific epitopes were defined. two group specific mabs distinguished the enteric tgev isolates from the respiratory variants. an antigenic subsite involved in neutralization was conserved in porcine, feline, and canine coronavirus. the classification of the human coronavirus 229e in a ...19901689525
the effect of interferon induction in newborn piglets on the humoral immune response to oral vaccination with transmissible gastroenteritis virus.groups of newborn piglets were vaccinated orally with a modified live transmissible gastroenteritis (tge) virus vaccine at 3 days and 13 days of age, and treated with the synthetic interferon (ifn) inducer polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly iclc) at 2, 3 or 4 days of age. control groups consisted of piglets which were vaccinated but not treated with poly iclc, as well as piglets which were treated with poly iclc but not vaccinated. significantly higher mean ifn titres were produced in respons ...19901692649
sites of replication of a porcine respiratory coronavirus in 5-week-old pigs with or without maternal antibodies.on farms, where the porcine respiratory coronavirus (prcv) is enzootic, pigs usually become infected between 5 and 10 weeks of age while losing their maternal antibodies. it was examined whether prcv replicates in the small intestine in such pigs. this point is important since intestinal replication with prcv might induce immunity against tgev not only by stimulating mucosal intestinal immunity, but also by the induction of a lactogenic iga response at later age via the gut-mammary link. five we ...19901966434
infection with a new porcine respiratory coronavirus in denmark: serologic differentiation from transmissible gastroenteritis virus using monoclonal antibodies.in 1984 neutralizing antibodies against transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) were detected in pig herds in a small geographical area in the southern part of denmark. no clinical symptoms were observed and accumulating epidemiological evidence gradually pointed towards a respiratory infection. in 1986 a tge-like virus, tentatively named porcine respiratory coronavirus (prcv), was isolated from the lungs of swine. the virus was partially characterized using monoclonal antibodies against tgev ...19901966435
molecular aspects of the relationship of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) with porcine respiratory coronavirus (prcv). 19901966436
the s2 subunit of the spike glycoprotein of bovine coronavirus mediates membrane fusion in insect cells.the hemagglutinin/esterase (he), spike precursor (s) and the s1 and s2 subunits of the spike precursor protein of bovine coronavirus were expressed in spodoptera frugiperda (sf9) cells, and the cell-fusing activity of each recombinant glycoprotein was examined. extensive syncytia formation was observed in cells infected with the s2 recombinant but not with the he or s1 recombinant baculoviruses. fusion of sf9 cells expressing the intact s protein precursor was evident after trypsin treatment. th ...19911984658
analysis and simulation of a neutralizing epitope of transmissible gastroenteritis virus.the amino acid sequences recognized by monoclonal antibodies (mabs) specific for the antigenic site iv of the spike protein s of transmissible gastroenteritis virus were analyzed by pepscan. all mabs of group iv recognized peptides from the s region consisting of residues 378 to 390. in addition, the neutralizing mabs (subgroup iv-a) also bound to peptides from the region consisting of residues 1173 to 1184 and to several other peptides with a related amino acid composition. the contribution of ...19901693702
comparison of the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the s genes specified by virulent and avirulent strains of bovine coronaviruses.the entire nucleotide sequences of the spike glycoprotein (s) genes of the highly virulent bovine coronavirus (bcv) strain bcv-ly138, the avirulent bcv-l9 and related norden vaccine (bcv-vaccine) strains were determined using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to amplify cdnas obtained by reverse transcription of viral rna, and to produce single strand cdnas for dna sequencing. the s gene sequences of these viral strains were compared with those of recently published strains bcv-mebus, bcv-queb ...19912053289
comparison of bovine coronavirus (bcv) antigens: monoclonal antibodies to the spike glycoprotein distinguish between vaccine and wild-type strains.monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against two major structural proteins of the cell-adapted mebus strain of bovine coronavirus (bcv-l9) were produced and characterized. seven mabs reacted with the peplomeric glycoprotein, gp 100/s, while three mabs reacted with the nucleoprotein p53/n in western blot analysis of bcv polypeptides. mabs to gp 100/s reacted with discontinuous epitopes of gp 100/s in westerns under mild but not under standard denaturing conditions. in contrast, mabs to p53/n reacted in b ...19912053295
structural analysis of the conformational domains involved in neutralization of bovine coronavirus using deletion mutants of the spike glycoprotein s1 subunit expressed by recombinant baculoviruses.two conformation-dependent neutralizing epitopes, a and b, have been mapped to the s1 subunit of the s spike glycoprotein of bovine coronavirus (bcv). in order to characterize the structure of these antigenic sites, we constructed a series of cdna clones encoding deleted or truncated s1 derivatives and expressed the modified genes in insect cells using recombinant baculoviruses. monoclonal antibodies directed against epitopes a and b recognized only the mutant s1 polypeptides containing amino ac ...19912053298
functional analysis of the coronavirus mhv-jhm surface glycoproteins in vaccinia virus recombinants. 19902103098
biosynthesis and function of the coronavirus spike protein. 19902103106
characterization of monoclonal antibodies against feline infectious peritonitis virus type ii and antigenic relationship between feline, porcine, and canine coronaviruses.seven monoclonal antibodies (mabs) with neutralizing activity against feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) strain 79-1149 (type ii) were prepared. when the polypeptide specificity recognized by these monoclonal antibodies (mabs) was investigated by western immunoblotting, all of the mabs reacted with peplomer glycoprotein (s) of the virus. by competitive binding assay these mabs were found to recognize at least 3 different epitopes. the reactivity of these mabs with 6 viruses classified as ...19911706593
immunogenicity of peptides simulating a neutralization epitope of transmissible gastroenteritis virus.previously, an epitope recognized by a set of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies directed against the s protein of transmissible gastroenteritis has been identified. this neutralization epitope can be simulated by a single peptide combining residues 380 to 387 and 1176 to 1184 of the s protein; this combination peptide (sffsygei-qlakdkvne) was more antigenic than it single constituents. here we describe the immunogenicity of this combination peptide, in comparison with monomer and tandem peptide ...19911708930
localization of antigenic sites of the e2 glycoprotein of transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus.four antigenic sites of the e2 glycoprotein of transmissible gastroenteritis virus were defined by competitive radioimmunoassays of monoclonal antibodies (mabs). here, we describe the localization of these sites by testing the antigenicity of protein fragments and prokaryotic expression products of e2 gene fragments, and by sequencing of mab-resistant (mar) mutants. partial proteolysis of purified e2 protein allowed the isolation of a 28k fragment recognized by both site a- and site c-specific m ...19902155284
lactogenic immunity to transmissible gastroenteritis (tge) of swine induced by the attenuated nouzilly strain of tge virus: passive protection of piglets and detection of serum and milk antibody classes by elisa.piglets of eight sows vaccinated by different routes with the attenuated tge mutant coronavirus, nouzilly (n) strain, and piglets from two field seropositive sows were challenged with a virulent tge strain. on the day of challenge and 10 days after challenge, milk and serum samples from sows were analysed for their level of neutralizing antibodies, total immunoglobulin classes and tge antibody classes by an elisa. no direct relationship was seen between the level of protection of the litters and ...19902156374
sites of replication of a porcine respiratory coronavirus related to transmissible gastroenteritis virus.a porcine respiratory coronavirus (prcv) was inoculated by aerosol into nine hysterectomy-derived and colostrum-deprived pigs at the age of one week. they were killed at different times after inoculation and tissues were sampled for virus isolation and immunofluorescence. results indicate that virus replicated to high titres in the respiratory tract. replication mainly occurred in alveolar cells but also in epithelial cells of nasal mucosa, trachea, bronchi, bronchioli, in alveolar macrophages a ...19902159175
residues involved in the antigenic sites of transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus s glycoprotein.the s glycoprotein of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) has been shown to contain four major antigenic sites (a, b, c, and d). site a is the main inducer of neutralizing antibodies and has been previously subdivided into the three subsites aa, ab, and ac. the residues that contribute to these sites were localized by sequence analysis of 21 mutants that escaped neutralization or binding by tgev-specific monoclonal antibodies (mabs), and by epitope scanning (pepscan). site a contains the ...19911711257
processing and antigenicity of entire and anchor-free spike glycoprotein s of coronavirus tgev expressed by recombinant baculovirus.the s gene of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) was inserted into the genome of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) using the transfer plasmid pvl941. infection of sf9 insect cells with the recombinant virus resulted in the synthesis of a 175k polypeptide which was able to trimerize and was transported to the cell surface as is the authentic tgev s protein. despite the lack of complete carbohydrate processing, the recombinant s protein exhibited antigenic propertie ...19911660201
serologic survey for transmissible gastroenteritis virus neutralizing antibodies in selected feral and domestic swine sera in the southern united states.serum samples collected from feral and domestic swine (sus scrofa) in florida and feral swine in georgia and texas were assayed by plaque reduction for their virus neutralizing (vn) antibodies against the porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tge). none of 560 samples collected from feral swine contained vn antibodies for tge virus, but experimentally infected feral swine seroconverted. none of 665 samples from domestic swine contained tge-vn antibodies. these results indicate feral swine ...19902167395
an elisa for the detection of serum antibodies to both transmissible gastroenteritis virus and porcine respiratory coronavirus.a competition elisa utilizing a mab directed towards a peplomer protein epitope common to tgev, prcv and related feline and canine coronaviruses is described.19911717102
kinetics of the in vitro antibody response to transmissible gastroenteritis (tge) virus from pig mesenteric lymph node cells, using the elisaspot and elisa tests.a method is described for in vitro studies of viral humoral immune responses in the pig. after oral immunization with transmissible gastroenteritis (tge) coronavirus, antibody production from primed mesenteric lymph node cells was revealed by an in vitro boost with viral antigen. for the latter the leukocytes were co-cultured with uv-inactivated virus using a variety of different methods of antigenic stimulation. enumeration of specific antibody-secreting cells (asc) and titration of secreted an ...19902167914
appearance of ph-dependent cell fusions by transmissible gastroenteritis (tge) virus. 19902167999
a conserved coronavirus epitope, critical in virus neutralization, mimicked by internal-image monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies.monoclonal antibody (mab) 6a.c3 neutralizes transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus (tgev) and is specific for a conserved epitope within subsite ac of the spike (s) glycoprotein of tgev. six hybridomas secreting anti-idiotypic (ab2) mabs specific for mab 6a.c3 (ab1) have been selected. all six mabs inhibited the binding of ab1 to tgev and specifically cross-linked mab1-6a.c3. four of these hybridomas secreted gamma-type anti-idiotypic mabs. the other two ab2s (mabs 9a.g3 and 9c.e11) were reco ...19911719237
differentiation of transmissible gastroenteritis virus from porcine respiratory coronavirus and other antigenically related coronaviruses by using cdna probes specific for the 5' region of the s glycoprotein gene.two cdna clones prepared from the virulent miller strain of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) were identified, and their nucleotide sequences were determined. the clones were nonoverlapping and located in the 5' region of the s glycoprotein gene. their nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequences were compared with published sequences of the attenuated purdue strain of tgev and feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv). tgev clone pe21 contained 381 bp of the s glycoprotein gene and h ...19911847152
molecular biology of transmissible gastroenteritis virus.the causative agent (tgev) of porcine transmissible gastroenteritis belongs to the coronaviridae, a family of enveloped viruses with a positive, single-stranded rna genome. important progress has recently been made concerning the molecular biology of tgev. the research work of our group has been focused on two main aspects: genome structure and functional domains of the envelope proteins. tgev genomic rna is organised into seven regions. the sequence of six of them, i.e. the 3' most 8300 nucleot ...19902169670
proteins specified by swine transmissible gastroenteritis virus: identification of non-structural proteins by two-dimensional electrophoresis.four virus-induced non-structural proteins with apparent molecular weights of 11-14 kilodaltons (kda) were identified by two-dimensional electrophoresis in cells infected by tgev. differences in the number of non-structural proteins were observed among virulent and attenuated tgev strains as well as with two antigenically related feline and canine coronaviruses.19911662051
assembly of coronavirus spike protein into trimers and its role in epitope expression.the folding and oligomerization of coronavirus spike protein were explored using a panel of monoclonal antibodies. chemical cross-linking and sedimentation experiments showed that the spike of transmissible gastroenteritis virus is a homotrimer of the s membrane glycoprotein. the spike protein was synthesized as a 175,000-apparent-molecular-weight (175k) monomer subunit that is sensitive to endo-beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase h. assembly of monomers into a trimeric structure was found to occur on ...19902170676
serotypic differentiation of group a rotaviruses with porcine rotavirus gene 9 probes.the serotypic specificities of gottfried and osu porcine rotavirus gene 9 probes were investigated in a dot hybridization assay. the probes were reacted with homologous and heterologous serotypes of group a rotaviruses of human and animal origin. hybridizations were conducted under relatively low-stringency (52 degrees c, no formamide, 5 x ssc) and high-stringency (52 degrees c, 50% formamide, formamide, 5 x ssc) conditions (1 x ssc is 0.15 m nacl plus 0.015 m sodium citrate). under conditions o ...19902174902
detection of transmissible gastroenteritis virus using cdna probes.five cdna probes prepared from molecular clones representing genomic rna sequences of the virulent miller strain of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) were used in a dot blot hybridization assay to detect tgev in cell culture and fecal specimens. two clones (pa2 and pb4) represent nucleotide base pairs at the 3' terminus of the miller tgev genome. the other three clones represent various portions of the 5' end of the e2 gene, which codes for the major surface glycoprotein of tgev. each o ...19911848070
establishment of transformed swine fibroblast cell lines using sv40 large t antigen.swine testicle cell lines were established by transformation of primary swine testicle (pst) cells with an sv40 plasmid (psv3-neo), which contains genes conferring resistance to neomycin and expressing sv40 large t antigen. plasmid dna was transfected into pst cells using a lipofection system. two related plasmids, psv2-neo and psv5-neo, failed to induce transformed cells. cells transformed with psv3-neo formed single colonies that were resistant to the antibiotic, g418, and expressed large t an ...19902175590
alteration of the ph dependence of coronavirus-induced cell fusion: effect of mutations in the spike glycoprotein.infection of susceptible murine cells with the coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus type 4 (mhv4) results in extensive cell-cell fusion at phs from 5.5 to 8.5. the endosomotropic weak bases chloroquine and ammonium chloride do not prevent mhv4 infection. in marked contrast, we have selected variants from a neural cell line persistently infected with mhv4 which are entirely dependent on acid ph to fuse host cells and are strongly inhibited by endosomotropic weak bases. wild-type and variant viruses ...19911848311
nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding the spike glycoprotein of human coronavirus hcv 229e.the gene encoding the spike glycoprotein of the human coronavirus hcv 229e has been cloned and sequenced. this analysis predicts an s polypeptide of 1173 amino acids with an mr of 128,600. the polypeptide has 30 potential n-glycosylation sites. a number of structural features typical of coronavirus s proteins can be recognized, including a signal sequence, a membrane anchor, heptad repeat structures and a carboxy-terminal cysteine cluster. a detailed, computer-aided comparison with the s protein ...19902345367
sequence comparison of the 5' end of mrna 3 from transmissible gastroenteritis virus and porcine respiratory coronavirus.analysis of porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) and porcine respiratory coronavirus (prcv) mrna species indicated a deletion in mrna 3 of prcv. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was used to clone the 5' end of mrna 3 from prcv for comparison with the equivalent region in tgev. small deletions were observed within and around the prcv sequence equivalent to the putative open reading frame (orf) orf-3a identified in tgev. the potential rna polymerase-leader complex binding site (leader ...19911848593
glycosylation is required for coronavirus tgev to induce an efficient production of ifn alpha by blood mononuclear cells.porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) are induced to produce interferon alpha (ifn alpha) following in vitro exposure to coronavirus tgev (transmissible gastroenteritis virus)-infected glutaraldehyde-fixed cell monolayers or to tgev virions. in the present report, we examined the possibility that glycosylation of viral proteins could play a major role in interactions with pbmc leading to the production of ifn alpha. con a pretreatment of tgev-infected cell monolayers before fixation ...19911850168
induction of lactogenic immunity to transmissible gastroenteritis virus of swine using an attenuated coronavirus mutant able to survive in the physicochemical environment of the digestive tract.a transmissible gastroenteritis (tge) coronavirus mutant (188-sg), selected as attenuated and resistant to acidity and proteases of the digestive tract of adult pigs, was used as vaccine ("nouzilly strain") in sows to protect suckling piglets against a challenge exposure carried out with a highly virulent tgev strain. the pregnant sows were immunized once (42-49 days before farrowing) or twice (42-49 and 7-15 days before farrowing) by the oral, intramuscular or conjunctival route with the 188-sg ...19911850894
intracellular processing of the porcine coronavirus transmissible gastroenteritis virus spike protein expressed by recombinant vaccinia virus.the spike (s) protein from a virulent british field isolate of porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) fs772/70 was constructed from cdna and inserted into the vaccinia virus (vv) thymidine kinase gene locus under the control of the vv early/late gene p7.5k promoter. recombinant s protein was synthesized as an endo-beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase h (endo h)-sensitive glycoprotein with high mannose simple oligosaccharides (gp 190) that underwent post-translational modification to an endo ...19911850927
antigenic variation of porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus detected by monoclonal antibodies.mouse myeloma cells (sp2/o) were fused with spleen cells from balb/c mice immunized with detergent-solubilized antigen of purified virus, and 21 monoclonal (mc) antibodies reactive in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with the to-163 strain of porcine transmissible gastroenteritis (tge) virus were obtained. of these mc antibodies, 14, 6 and 1 were igg1, igg2a and igm, respectively. all of the mc antibodies contained light chains of the kappa type. of these mc antibodies, 8 were found to have neu ...19872444027
oral transmission of transmissible gastroenteritis virus by muscle and lymph node from slaughtered pigs.a study was conducted in the usa to determine whether transmissible gastroenteritis (tge) virus could be transmitted from carcases of slaughtered pigs. transmissible gastroenteritis virus was transmitted to 6-day-old piglets by dosing with homogenates of muscle and lymph node collected from 500 clinically normal pigs at the time of slaughter. all piglets in 2 separately housed litters showed clinical signs of tge with 5 piglets dying within 10 d of oral dosing with homogenates. transmissible gas ...19911850981
genetic analysis of porcine respiratory coronavirus, an attenuated variant of transmissible gastroenteritis virus.the genome and transcriptional pattern of a newly identified respiratory variant of transmissible gastroenteritis virus were analyzed and compared with those of classical enterotropic transmissible gastroenteritis virus. the transcriptional patterns of the two viruses indicated that differences occurred in rnas 1 and 2(s) and that rna 3 was absent in the porcine respiratory coronavirus (prcv) variant. the smaller rna 2(s) of prcv was due to a 681-nucleotide (nt) deletion after base 62 of the prc ...19911851885
[use of gamma-globulins from the peritoneal fluid of cats with infectious peritonitis for the immunofluorescence demonstration of the tge antigen].peritoneal exudate of a cat affected with feline infectious peritonitis (fip) was used to isolate an igg-globulin, employing affinity chromatography, and conjugate it with fluorescein isothiocyanate. the conjugate was tested on cross sections of the small intestine of a pig infected with strain miller-3 of the transmissive gastroenteritis (tge) virus, simultaneously with an anti-tge conjugate of an spf pig. identical results were obtained with both conjugates, however, the anti-fip conjugate had ...19872449762
the effect of interferon induction in parturient sows and newborn piglets on resistance to transmissible gastroenteritis.high titers of interferon were found in the serum and milk of three sows treated two days after farrowing with polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid complexed with poly-l-lysine and carboxymethylcellulose, but circulating interferon was not found in the piglets suckled by these sows. when two treated sows and their suckling piglets were exposed to infection with transmissible gastroenteritis virus eight hours after treatment, the sows showed no signs of disease, although they developed circulating int ...19882450628
differentiation of porcine coronavirus from transmissible gastroenteritis virus. 19882451340
electrolyte transport in piglets infected with transmissible gastroenteritis virus. stimulation by verapamil and clonidine.the effects of clonidine, an alpha 2-adrenergic agonist, and verapamil, a ca2+ channel blocker, on na+ and cl- absorption were studied in stripped jejunal mucosa from control and transmissible-gastroenteritis-virus-infected piglets. all infected piglets developed severe diarrhea 18-24 hours after oral inoculation. jejunum from infected animals, as compared with control jejunum, had decreased mucosal-to-serosal, serosal-to-mucosal, and net na+ and cl- fluxes. clonidine and verapamil caused a decr ...19911889713
induction of transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus-neutralizing antibodies in vitro by virus-specific t helper cell hybridomas.three transmissible gastroenteritis (tge) virus-specific t helper (th) cell hybridomas have been generated from virus-primed balb/c mice, by fusion with the thymoma bw5147. the hybridomas responded to purified u.v.-inactivated tge virus with interleukin production and growth inhibition. tge virus recognition by the hybridomas was restricted by the major histocompatibility complex: only splenocytes from syngeneic or semi-syngeneic mice were able to recognize the antigen. the three hybridomas were ...19892471795
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