| transmissible gastroenteritis virus infection enhances sglt1 and glut2 expression to increase glucose uptake. | transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) is a coronavirus that causes villus atrophy, followed by crypt hyperplasia, reduces the activities of intestinal digestive enzymes, and disrupts the absorption of intestinal nutrients. in vivo, tgev primarily targets and infects intestinal epithelial cells, which play an important role in glucose absorption via the apical and basolateral transporters na+-dependent glucose transporter 1 (sglt1) and facilitative glucose transporter 2 (glut2), respectively ... | 2016 | 27851758 |
| alphacoronavirus protein 7 modulates host innate immune response. | innate immune response is the first line of antiviral defense resulting, in most cases, in pathogen clearance with minimal clinical consequences. viruses have developed diverse strategies to subvert host defense mechanisms and increase their survival. in the transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) as a model, we previously reported that accessory gene 7 counteracts the host antiviral response by associating with the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 1 (pp1c). in the present work, the e ... | 2013 | 23824792 |
| emergence of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in the united states: clinical signs, lesions, and viral genomic sequences. | during the 10 days commencing april 29, 2013, the iowa state university veterinary diagnostic laboratory received the first 4 of many submissions from swine farms experiencing explosive epidemics of diarrhea and vomiting affecting all ages, with 90-95% mortality in suckling pigs. histology revealed severe atrophy of villi in all segments of the small intestines with occasional villus-epithelial syncytial cells, but testing for rotaviruses and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (alphacoronavirus ... | 2013 | 23963154 |
| bacillus subtilis and surfactin inhibit the transmissible gastroenteritis virus entering intestinal epithelial cells. | intestinal epithelial cells are the targets for transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) infection. it is urgently to develop a novel candidate against tgev entry. bacillus subtilis is a probiotics with excellent anti-microorganism properties, and one of its secretions, surfactin, has been regarded as the versatile weapons for most plant pathogens, especially for the enveloped virus. we demonstrate for the first time that bacillus subtilis okb105 and its surfactin can effectively inhibit one a ... | 2017 | 28270576 |
| immune responses induced by recombinant bacillus subtilis expressing the spike protein of transmissible gastroenteritis virus in pigs. | transmissible gastroenteritis (tge) causes severe diarrhea in suckling piglets, results in enormous economic loss in swine-producing areas of the world. to develop an effective, safe, and convenient vaccine for the prevention of tge, we have constructed a recombinant bacillus subtilis strain (b. subtilis cotgsg) displaying the transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) spike (s) protein and discussed its immune function to intestinal submucosal dendritic cells (dcs). our results showed that the ... | 2016 | 26988122 |
| possible involvement of coaxially stacked double pseudoknots in the regulation of -1 programmed ribosomal frameshifting in rna viruses. | -1 programmed ribosomal frameshifting (prf) in viruses is often stimulated by a pseudoknot downstream from the slippery sequence. at the prf junction of hiv-1, transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), barmah forest virus (bfv), fort morgan virus (fmv), and equine arteritis virus (eav), we identified potential double pseudoknots in either a tandem mode or embedded mode. in viruses with tandem pseudoknots (5'pk & 3'pk), the slippery sequence is encompassed in the 5'pk. the ribosome needs to unw ... | 2015 | 25204560 |
| negatively charged residues in the endodomain are critical for specific assembly of spike protein into murine coronavirus. | coronavirus spike (s) protein assembles into virions via its carboxy-terminus, which is composed of a transmembrane domain and an endodomain. here, the carboxy-terminal charge-rich motif in the endodomain was verified to be critical for the specificity of s assembly into mouse hepatitis virus (mhv). recombinant mhvs exhibited a range of abilities to accommodate the homologous s endodomains from the betacoronaviruses bovine coronavirus and human sars-associated coronavirus, the alphacoronavirus p ... | 2013 | 23628137 |
| differential sensitivity of bat cells to infection by enveloped rna viruses: coronaviruses, paramyxoviruses, filoviruses, and influenza viruses. | bats (chiroptera) host major human pathogenic viruses including corona-, paramyxo, rhabdo- and filoviruses. we analyzed six different cell lines from either yinpterochiroptera (including african flying foxes and a rhinolophid bat) or yangochiroptera (genera carollia and tadarida) for susceptibility to infection by different enveloped rna viruses. none of the cells were sensitive to infection by transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), a porcine coronavirus, or to infection mediated by the spi ... | 2013 | 24023659 |
| m gene analysis of canine coronavirus strains detected in korea. | the purpose of this study was to investigate the genetic features of canine coronavirus (ccv) strains detected in korea. m gene sequences obtained for isolates from 22 dogs with enteritis over a 5-year period were evaluated. sequence comparison revealed that the 22 korean ccv strains had an 87.2 to 100% nucleotide homology. comparing to the typical reference ccv strains (type ii), the nucleotide sequence of korean strains had homology ranged from 86.3% to 98.3% (89.1% to 99.2% for the amino acid ... | 2014 | 25234323 |
| nucleic acid-based differential diagnostic assays for feline coronavirus. | feline coronavirus (fcov) is a pleomorphic, enveloped, positive-sense single-stranded rna virus. owing to the differences in its genotype, fcov belongs to a separate clade along with other viruses, such as transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) and canine coronavirus (ccov), which can be isolated from cats. in this study, a pcr assay was developed to differentiate these coronaviruses concurrently. multiplex differential rt-pcr was performed with primers based on the highly conserved coronavi ... | 2014 | 25088974 |
| canine coronavirus, greece. molecular analysis and genetic diversity characterization. | canine coronavirus (ccov) is an etiologic agent of diarrhea in dogs and is known to have spread worldwide. mild disease or asymptomatic carriage are probably in many cases common outcomes of infection. to date, two different genotypes of ccov are known, ccov type i (ccov-i) and ccov type ii (ccov-ii). ccov type ii is divided in two subtypes, ccov-iia (classical strains) and ccov-iib, with ccov-iib emerging as a result of a putative recombination between ccov-iia and transmissible gastroenteritis ... | 2013 | 23410992 |
| establishment of a nanoparticle-assisted rt-pcr assay to distinguish field strains and attenuated strains of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) can cause serious disease and even death in neonatal piglets, resulting in serious damage to the swine industry worldwide. open reading frame 3 (orf3) is the only accessory gene in the pedv genome. previous studies have indicated that pedv vaccine strains have a partial deletion in orf3. in this study, a nanoparticle-assisted polymerase chain reaction (nanoparticle-assisted rt-pcr) assay targeting the orf3 of pedv was developed to distinguish pedv field str ... | 2016 | 27287433 |
| a recombinant nucleocapsid protein-based indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect antibodies against porcine deltacoronavirus. | recently, porcine deltacoronavirus (pdcov) has been proven to be associated with enteric disease in piglets. diagnostic tools for serological surveys of pdcov remain in the developmental stage when compared with those for other porcine coronaviruses. in our study, an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) (rpdcov-n-elisa) was developed to detect antibodies against pdcov using a histidine-tagged recombinant nucleocapsid (n) protein as an antigen. the rpdcov-n-elisa did not cross-react ... | 2016 | 26668175 |
| case-control study of pathogens involved in piglet diarrhea. | diarrhea in piglets directly affects commercial swine production. the disease results from the interaction of pathogens with the host immune system and is also affected by management procedures. several pathogenic agents such as campylobacter spp., clostridium perfringens, escherichia coli, salmonella spp., group a rotavirus (rv-a), coronaviruses (transmissible gastroenteritis virus; porcine epidemic diarrhea virus), as well as nematode and protozoan parasites, can be associated with disease cas ... | 2016 | 26754836 |
| several enteropathogens are circulating in suckling and newly weaned piglets suffering from diarrhea in the province of villa clara, cuba. | intestinal contents of suckling (n = 45) and newly weaned (n = 45) piglets, suffering from diarrhea in the province of villa clara in cuba, were tested for viral, bacterial, and parasitic enteropathogens from may to june 2008. at least one enteropathogen was identified in 53.3 % of piglets and enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec; 25.6 %) was the major pathogen; mostly sta(+)/stb(+) or f4(+)/sta(+)/stb(+) etec were isolated. the overall occurrence of the rest of pathogens was 10 % for transmis ... | 2013 | 22843242 |
| generation of a mouse scfv library specific for porcine aminopeptidase n using the t7 phage display system. | porcine aminopeptidase n (papn) is a common cellular receptor for swine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv). to investigate single-chain fragment variable (scfv) repertoire against papn, the genes encoding the immunoglobulin light chain variable region (vl) and heavy chain variable region (vh) were amplified by reverse transcript polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) using a series of degenerate primers from the spleen of babl/c mice immunized with ... | 2012 | 22481024 |
| antiviral effects of a probiotic enterococcus faecium strain against transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus. | the enteropathogenic coronavirus transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) causes severe disease in young piglets. we have studied the protective effects of the probiotic enterococcus faecium ncimb 10415 (e. faecium), which is approved as a feed additive in the european union, against tgev infection. e. faecium was added to swine testicle (st) cells before, concomitantly with, or after tgev infection. viability assays revealed that e. faecium led to a dose-dependent rescue of viability of tgev- ... | 2013 | 23188495 |
| lithium chloride inhibits early stages of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) replication in vitro. | foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) causes an economically important and highly contagious disease of cloven-hoofed animals such as cattle, swine, and sheep. fmd vaccine is the traditional way to protect against the disease, which can greatly reduce its occurrence. however, the use of fmd vaccines to protect early infection is limited. therefore, the alternative strategy of applying antiviral agents is required to control the spread of fmdv in outbreak situations. as previously reported, licl ha ... | 2017 | 28390158 |
| broad-spectrum antivirals against 3c or 3c-like proteases of picornaviruses, noroviruses, and coronaviruses. | phylogenetic analysis has demonstrated that some positive-sense rna viruses can be classified into the picornavirus-like supercluster, which includes picornaviruses, caliciviruses, and coronaviruses. these viruses possess 3c or 3c-like proteases (3cpro or 3clpro, respectively), which contain a typical chymotrypsin-like fold and a catalytic triad (or dyad) with a cys residue as a nucleophile. the conserved key sites of 3cpro or 3clpro may serve as attractive targets for the design of broad-spectr ... | 2012 | 22915796 |
| epidemiological survey of enteric viruses in wild boars in the czech republic: first evidence of close relationship between wild boar and human rotavirus a strains. | population of wild boar is increasing in the whole europe, the animals migrate close to human habitats which greatly increases the possibility of natural transmission between domestic animals or humans and wild boars. the aim of the study was to estimate in population of free-living wild boar in the czech republic the prevalence of enteric viral pathogens, namely rotavirus groups a and c (rva and rvc), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), and members of family coronavirid ... | 2016 | 27599927 |
| chicken egg yolk antibodies (igy) as non-antibiotic production enhancers for use in swine production: a review. | in recent years, the use of in-feed antibiotics for growth and disease prevention in livestock production has been under severe scrutiny. the use and misuse of in-feed antibiotics has led to problems with drug residues in animal products and increased bacterial resistance. chicken egg yolk antibodies (igy) have attracted considerable attention as an alternative to antibiotics to maintain swine health and performance. oral administration of igy possesses many advantages over mammalian igg such as ... | 2015 | 26309735 |
| antigenic relationships among porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and transmissible gastroenteritis virus strains. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) are economically important swine enteropathogenic coronaviruses. these two viruses belong to two distinct species of the alphacoronavirus genus within coronaviridae and induce similar clinical signs and pathological lesions in newborn piglets, but they are presumed to be antigenically distinct. in the present study, two-way antigenic cross-reactivity examinations between the prototype pedv cv777 strain, three d ... | 2015 | 25589635 |
| development of porcine rotavirus vp6 protein based elisa for differentiation of this virus and other viruses. | the context and purpose of the study included 1) bacterial expression of viral protein 6 (vp6) of porcine rotavirus (prv) and generation of rabbit polyclonal antiserum to the vp6 protein; 3) establishment of a discrimination elisa to distinguish prv from a panel of other porcine viruses. | 2013 | 23517810 |
| evaluating the virucidal efficacy of hydrogen peroxide vapour. | surface contamination has been implicated in the transmission of certain viruses, and surface disinfection can be an effective measure to interrupt the spread of these agents. | 2014 | 24656442 |
| utility of feline coronavirus antibody tests. | eight different tests for antibodies to feline coronavirus (fcov) were evaluated for attributes that are important in situations in veterinary practice. we compared four indirect immunofluorescent antibody tests (ifat), one enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) (fcov immunocomb; biogal) and three rapid immunochromatographic (rim) tests against a panel of samples designated by consensus as positive or negative. specificity was 100% for all but the two ifats based on transmissible gastroenteri ... | 2015 | 24966245 |
| quarantine protects falkland islands (malvinas) cats from feline coronavirus infection. | feline coronavirus (fcov) causes feline infectious peritonitis (fip). since 2002, when 20 cats on the falkland islands were found to be fcov seronegative, only seronegative cats could be imported. between 2005-2007, 95 pet and 10 feral cats tested negative by indirect immunofluorescence antibody (ifa) analysis using two strains of type ii fcov, two transmissible gastroenteritis virus assays, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and rapid immunomigration test. twenty-four samples (23%) showed non ... | 2012 | 22314098 |
| feline infectious peritonitis virus with a large deletion in the 5'-terminal region of the spike gene retains its virulence for cats. | in this study, the japanese strain of type i feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv), c3663, was found to have a large deletion of 735 bp within the gene encoding the spike (s) protein, with a deduced loss of 245 aa of the n-terminal region of the s protein. this deletion is similar to that observed in porcine respiratory coronavirus (prcov) when compared to transmissible gastroenteritis virus, which correlates with reduced virulence. by analogy to prcov, we expected that the pathogenicity of ... | 2012 | 22718568 |
| neonatal mortality, vesicular lesions and lameness associated with senecavirus a in a u.s. sow farm. | a 300-sow farrow-to-finish swine operation in the united states experienced a sudden and severe increase in mortality in neonatal piglets with high morbidity followed by vesicular lesions on the snout and feet of adult females and males. affected live piglets were submitted for diagnostic investigation. samples tested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) negative for foot-and-mouth disease virus, porcine delta coronavirus, porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus, porcine rotavirus types a, b and c, transmis ... | 2016 | 27213868 |
| aminopeptidase n is not required for porcine epidemic diarrhea virus cell entry. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) is an emerging pathogenic coronavirus that causes a significant economic burden to the swine industry. the virus infects the intestinal epithelium and causes villous atrophy, resulting in diarrhea and dehydration. interaction of the viral spike (s) surface glycoprotein - through its s1 subunit - with the host cell receptor is the first step in infection and the main determinant for virus tropism. as for several other alphacoronaviruses including the porcine ... | 2017 | 28363778 |
| tubulins interact with porcine and human s proteins of the genus alphacoronavirus and support successful assembly and release of infectious viral particles. | coronavirus spike proteins mediate host-cell-attachment and virus entry. virus replication takes place within the host cell cytosol, whereas assembly and budding occur at the endoplasmic reticulum-golgi intermediate compartment. in this study we demonstrated that the last 39 amino acid stretches of alphacoronavirus spike cytoplasmic domains of the human coronavirus 229e, nl63, and the porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus tgev interact with tubulin alpha and beta chains. in addition, a par ... | 2016 | 27479465 |
| identification and comparison of receptor binding characteristics of the spike protein of two porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strains. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), a member of alphacoronavirus, has caused huge economic losses for the global pork industry recently. the spike (s) protein mediates pedv entry into host cells. herein, we investigated the interactions between the s protein and its receptor porcine aminopeptidase n (papn) or co-receptor sugars. the c-terminal domain (ctd) of the s1 domain is bound to papn. the prototype strain demonstrated similar receptor-binding activity compared with the variant field is ... | 2016 | 26907329 |
| antiviral effect of lithium chloride on infection of cells by porcine parvovirus. | porcine parvovirus (ppv) causes reproductive failure in pigs, which leads to economic losses to the industry. as reported previously, licl efficiently impairs the replication of a variety of viruses, including the coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), and pseudorabies herpesvirus. we demonstrate for the first time that inhibition of ppv replication in swine testis (st) cells by licl is dose-dependent, and that the antiviral effect of licl occu ... | 2015 | 25663217 |
| sialic acid binding properties of soluble coronavirus spike (s1) proteins: differences between infectious bronchitis virus and transmissible gastroenteritis virus. | the spike proteins of a number of coronaviruses are able to bind to sialic acids present on the cell surface. the importance of this sialic acid binding ability during infection is, however, quite different. we compared the spike protein of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) and the spike protein of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv). whereas sialic acid is the only receptor determinant known so far for ibv, tgev requires interaction with its receptor aminopeptidase n to initiate infectio ... | 2013 | 23896748 |
| a phase trial of the oral lactobacillus casei vaccine polarizes th2 cell immunity against transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus infection. | transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus (tgev) is a member of the genus coronavirus, family coronaviridae, order nidovirales. tgev is an enteropathogenic coronavirus that causes highly fatal acute diarrhoea in newborn pigs. an oral lactobacillus casei (l. casei) vaccine against anti-transmissible gastroenteritis virus developed in our laboratory was used to study mucosal immune responses. in this l. casei vaccine, repetitive peptides expressed by l. casei (specifically the mdp and tuftsin fusi ... | 2016 | 27020282 |
| up-regulation of mdp and tuftsin gene expression in th1 and th17 cells as an adjuvant for an oral lactobacillus casei vaccine against anti-transmissible gastroenteritis virus. | the role of muramyl dipeptide (mdp) and tuftsin in oral immune adjustment remains unclear, particularly in a lactobacillus casei (l. casei) vaccine. to address this, we investigated the effects of different repetitive peptides expressed by l. casei, specifically the mdp and tuftsin fusion protein (mt) repeated 20 and 40 times (20mt and 40mt), in mice also expressing the d antigenic site of the spike (s) protein of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) on intestinal and systemic immune respo ... | 2014 | 24993357 |
| comparative in vivo analysis of the nsp15 endoribonuclease of murine, porcine and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviruses. | the purpose of this study was to compare the biochemical and biological properties of nonstructural protein (nsp) 15 among mouse hepatitis virus (mhv), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) in virus-infected and ectopically expressed cells. in virus-infected cells, mhv nsp15 distributed unevenly throughout the cytoplasm but predominantly in the perinuclear region. when expressed as n-terminal enhanced green fluorescence protein (e ... | 2012 | 22617024 |
| a comprehensive microbiological safety approach for agarose encapsulated porcine islets intended for clinical trials. | the use of porcine islets to replace insulin-producing islet β-cells, destroyed during the diabetogenic disease process, presents distinct challenges if this option is to become a therapeutic reality for the treatment of type 1 diabetes. these challenges include a thorough evaluation of the microbiological safety of the islets. in this study, we describe a robust porcine islet-screening program that provides a high level of confidence in the microbiological safety of porcine islets suitable for ... | 2016 | 27862363 |
| the survey of porcine teschoviruses, porcine circovirus and porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus infecting piglets in clinical specimens in china. | a multiplex pcr assay was developed and evaluated for its ability to simultaneously detect three viral infections of swine. specific primers were carefully selected from articles published for each of the following three viruses: porcine circovirus type ii (pcv2), porcine teschovirus (ptv) and porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev). each target produced a specific amplicon with a size of 353 bp (pcv2), 168 bp (ptv) and 499 bp (tgev). the sensitivity of the multiplex pcr using purifie ... | 2013 | 23224864 |
| detection and molecular characterization of porcine astrovirus strains associated with swine diarrhea. | astrovirus has been reported to be associated with diarrhea in pigs. the current study was conducted for the detection and molecular characterization of astroviruses in diarrheic pigs submitted to the veterinary diagnostic laboratory, university of minnesota. intestinal contents from 269 pigs were examined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr), and 62% were found positive for astroviruses. of the positive samples, 20% were positive for astrovirus alone while astrovirus with ... | 2012 | 22956487 |
| genomic organization and recombination analysis of a porcine sapovirus identified from a piglet with diarrhea in china. | sapovirus (sav), a member of the family caliciviridae, is an etiologic agent of gastroenteritis in humans and pigs. to date, both intra- and inter-genogroup recombinant strains have been reported in many countries except for china. here, we report an intra-genogroup recombination of porcine sav identified from a piglet with diarrhea of china. | 2017 | 28302145 |
| a multiplex rt-pcr assay for rapid and differential diagnosis of four porcine diarrhea associated viruses in field samples from pig farms in east china from 2010 to 2012. | since october 2010, clinical outbreaks of diarrhea in suckling piglets have reemerged in pig-producing areas of china, causing an acute increase in the morbidity and mortality in young piglets. four viruses, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), porcine group a rotaviruses (gar), and porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2), are the major causative agents of enteric disease in piglets. a novel multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (mrt-pcr) wa ... | 2013 | 23988656 |
| the detection and phylogenetic analysis of porcine deltacoronavirus from guangdong province in southern china. | porcine deltacoronavirus (pdcov) is a newly discovered coronavirus that causes diarrhoea, vomiting and dehydration in sucking and nursing piglets. it was first reported in hong kong in 2012 and has since been discovered in the united states, canada, south korea, mainland china, thailand and laos. pdcov has been experimentally proved to lead to diarrhoea in swine and it was detected positive in pigs in guangdong, southern china. in our study, 252 faecal and intestinal samples from sucking piglets ... | 2017 | 28345292 |
| il-22 suppresses the infection of porcine enteric coronaviruses and rotavirus by activating stat3 signal pathway. | interleukin-22 (il-22), a member of the il-10 superfamily, plays essential roles in fighting against mucosal microbial infection and maintaining mucosal barrier integrity within the intestine. however, little knowledge exists on the ability of porcine il-22 (pil-22) to fight against viral infection in the gut. in this study, we found that recombinant mature pil-22 (mpil-22) inhibited the infection of multiple diarrhea viruses, including alpha coronavirus, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), ... | 2017 | 28322925 |
| reactivity of anti-pedv structural protein antibodies to porcine enteric coronaviruses: diagnostic implications. | the development of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) antibody-based assays is important for detecting infected animals, confirming previous virus exposure, and monitoring sow herd immunity. however, the potential cross-reactivity among porcine coronaviruses is a major concern for the development of pathogen-specific assays. in this study, we used serum samples (n = 792) from pigs of precisely known infection status and a multiplex fluorescent microbead-based immunoassay and/or enzyme-linked ... | 2017 | 28202790 |
| vaccines for porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and other swine coronaviruses. | the recent introduction of the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) into the north american swine herd has highlighted again the need for effective vaccines for swine coronaviruses. while vaccines for transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) have been available to producers around the world for a long time, effective vaccines for pedv and deltacoronaviruses were only recently developed or are still in development. here, we review existing vaccine technologies for swine coronaviruses and high ... | 2016 | 27964998 |
| a sensitive duplex nanoparticle-assisted pcr assay for identifying porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus from clinical specimens. | in this study, a novel duplex nanoparticle-assisted polymerase chain reaction (nanopcr) assay was developed to detect porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) and porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev). two pairs of primers were designed based on the conserved region within the n gene of pedv and tgev. in a screening of 114 clinical samples from four provinces in china for pedv and tgev, 48.2 and 3.5 % of the samples, respectively, tested positive. under optimized conditions, the duple ... | 2017 | 27815750 |
| orally administrated whole yeast vaccine against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus induced high levels of iga response in mice and piglets. | the mucosal immune response against the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) is very important in piglets. to develop a pedv vaccine suitable for inducing high levels of intestinal iga in piglets, recombinant yeast expressing the pedv s1 gene was constructed and tested by oral immunization of mice and piglets. the s1-specific igg and iga were tested at 0, 14, and 28 days postimmunization (dpi) in mice. compared to the control group, the mice treated with s1 expressing yeast, demonstrated signi ... | 2016 | 27598459 |
| characterization of a novel chimeric swine enteric coronavirus from diseased pigs in central eastern europe in 2016. | during a severe outbreak of diarrhoea and vomiting in a pig herd in central eastern europe, faecal samples were tested positive for porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (pedv) and negative for transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) using a commercial rt-qpcr assay that can detect both of these coronaviruses. however, further analyses, using other tgev- and pedv-specific rt-qpcr assays, provided results inconsistent with infection by either of these viruses. sequencing of an amplicon (ca. 1.6 kb) ... | 2016 | 27619563 |
| porcine aminopeptidase n is not a cellular receptor of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, but promotes its infectivity via aminopeptidase activity. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), a causative agent of pig diarrhoea, has recently caused significant economic damage worldwide. porcine aminopeptidase n (papn) has been reported to be the receptor for pedv, although robust evidence is lacking. in the present study, we explored whether papn functions as a receptor for pedv. human hela cells expressing papn and papn-positive porcine cpk cells failed to support pedv infection, but were susceptible to infection by transmissible gastroenteriti ... | 2016 | 27449937 |
| development of one-step real-time reverse transcriptase-pcr-based assays for the rapid and simultaneous detection of four viruses causing porcine diarrhea. | porcine diarrhea caused by viruses is a major problem of the pig farming industry and can result in substantial losses of revenue. thus, diagnosing the infectious agents is important to prevent and control diseases in pigs. we developed novel one-step real-time quantitative rt-pcr (qpcr) assays that can detect four porcine diarrheal viruses simultaneously: porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), porcine deltacoronavirus (pdcov), and porcine group a rot ... | 2016 | 27348884 |
| porcine deltacoronavirus: overview of infection dynamics, diagnostic methods, prevalence and genetic evolution. | porcine deltacoronavirus (pdcov) was first reported in hong kong, china in 2012 and reported in united states swine in february 2014. pdcov has subsequently been detected in south korea, mainland china, and thailand. pdcov has been experimentally confirmed to cause diarrhea in inoculated pigs and need to be differentially diagnosed from porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and transmissible gastroenteritis virus in the field. rapid diagnosis is critical for the implementation of efficient control str ... | 2016 | 27270129 |
| lactogenic immunity and vaccines for porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv): historical and current concepts. | morbidity, mortality, and loss of productivity from enteric diseases in neonatal piglets cost swine producers millions of dollars annually. in 2013-2014, the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) outbreak led to $900 million to $1.8 billion in annual losses to us swine producers. passive lactogenic immunity remains the most promising and effective way to protect neonatal suckling piglets from enteric diseases like pedv. protecting suckling piglets through lactogenic immunity is dependent on tra ... | 2016 | 27212686 |
| immune evasion of porcine enteric coronaviruses and viral modulation of antiviral innate signaling. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) and porcine deltacoronavirus (pdcov) are emerged and reemerging viruses in pigs, and together with transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), pose significant economic concerns to the swine industry. these viruses infect epithelial cells of the small intestine and cause watery diarrhea, dehydration, and a high mortality in neonatal piglets. type i interferons (ifn-α/β) are major antiviral cytokines forming host innate immunity, and in turn, these enteric c ... | 2016 | 27212682 |
| reverse transcription-pcr assays for the differentiation of various us porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strains. | concurrently, several porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) variants are circulating in us swine farms, including the original us and the spike insertion-deletion (s-indel) strains. in this study, reverse transcription (rt)-pcr assays for the detection and differentiation of different us pedv variants were developed based on the differences in the s1 domain of the spike (s) gene. this assay successfully differentiated three pedv strains: pc22a (the original us virulent), iowa106 (s-indel), and ... | 2016 | 27134071 |
| porcine deltacoronavirus infection: etiology, cell culture for virus isolation and propagation, molecular epidemiology and pathogenesis. | porcine deltacoronavirus (pdcov) (family coronaviridae, genus deltacoronavirus) is a novel swine enteropathogenic coronavirus that causes acute diarrhea/vomiting, dehydration and mortality in seronegative neonatal piglets. pdcov diarrhea was first reported in the us in early 2014, concurrently with co-circulation of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) (family coronaviridae, genus alphacoronavirus). the origin of pdcov in pigs and also its sudden emergence or route of introduction into the us ... | 2016 | 27086031 |
| new chimeric porcine coronavirus in swine feces, germany, 2012. | | 2016 | 27070291 |
| the rate of co-infection for piglet diarrhea viruses in china and the genetic characterization of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and porcine kobuvirus. | piglet diarrhea epidemics result in major economic losses for the swine industry. four viruses are closely linked to porcine diarrhea: porcine kobuvirus (pkv), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), and porcine rotavirus (prov). we have conducted an epidemiology study to determine the frequency of infection and co-infection with these viruses in china, and characterized the genetic variation of the isolated pedv and pkv strains. stool and inte ... | 2016 | 26982468 |
| construction of a bivalent dna vaccine co-expressing s genes of transmissible gastroenteritis virus and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus delivered by attenuated salmonella typhimurium. | porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) can cause severe diarrhea in newborn piglets and led to significant economic losses. the s proteins are the main structural proteins of pedv and tgev capable of inducing neutralizing antibodies in vivo. in this study, a dna vaccine sl7207 (pvaxd-ps1-ts) co-expressing s proteins of tgev and pedv delivered by attenuated salmonella typhimurium was constructed and its immunogenicity in piglets was investiga ... | 2016 | 26980672 |
| comparison of lentiviruses pseudotyped with s proteins from coronaviruses and cell tropisms of porcine coronaviruses. | the surface glycoproteins of coronaviruses play an important role in receptor binding and cell entry. different coronaviruses interact with their specific receptors to enter host cells. lentiviruses pseudotyped with their spike proteins (s) were compared to analyze the entry efficiency of various coronaviruses. our results indicated that s proteins from different coronaviruses displayed varied abilities to mediate pseudotyped virus infection. furthermore, the cell tropisms of porcine epidemic di ... | 2016 | 26908211 |
| porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and discovery of a recombinant swine enteric coronavirus, italy. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) has been detected sporadically in italy since the 1990s. we report the phylogenetic relationship of swine enteric coronaviruses collected in italy during 2007-2014 and identify a drastic shift in pedv strain variability and a new swine enteric coronavirus generated by recombination of transmissible gastroenteritis virus and pedv. | 2016 | 26689738 |
| retrospective testing and case series study of porcine delta coronavirus in u.s. swine herds. | porcine deltacoronavirus (pdcov) was first reported in the united states (us) in february 2014. this was the second novel swine enteric coronavirus detected in the us since may 2013. in this study, we conducted retrospective testing of samples submitted to three veterinary diagnostic laboratories where qualifying biological samples were derived from previously submitted diagnostic case submissions from us commercial swine farms with a clinical history of enteric disease or from cases that had be ... | 2016 | 26603048 |
| development of an indirect elisa, blocking elisa, fluorescent microsphere immunoassay and fluorescent focus neutralization assay for serologic evaluation of exposure to north american strains of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. | recent, severe outbreaks of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) in asia and north america highlight the need for well-validated diagnostic tests for the identification of pedv infected animals and evaluation of their immune status to this virus. pedv was first detected in the u.s. in may 2013 and spread rapidly across the country. some serological assays for pedv have been previously described, but few were readily available in the u.s. several u.s. laboratories quickly developed indirect flu ... | 2015 | 26232106 |
| development and application of an elisa for the detection of porcine deltacoronavirus igg antibodies. | porcine deltacoronavirus (pdcov), also known as porcine coronavirus hku15, was first detected in north america in early 2014 and associated with enteric disease in pigs, resulting in an urgent need to further investigate the ecology of this virus. while assays detecting nucleic acids were implemented quickly, assays to detect anti-pdcov antibodies have not been available. in this study, an indirect anti-pdcov igg enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) based on the putative s1 portion of the s ... | 2015 | 25881086 |
| origin, evolution, and virulence of porcine deltacoronaviruses in the united states. | a novel porcine deltacoronavirus (pdcv) was first discovered in ohio and indiana in february 2014, rapidly spread to other states in the united states and canada, and caused significant economic loss in the swine industry. the origin and virulence of this novel porcine coronavirus are not known. here, we characterized u.s. pdcv isolates and determined their virulence in gnotobiotic and conventional piglets. genome analyses revealed that u.s. pdcv isolates possess unique genetic characteristics a ... | 2015 | 25759498 |
| strategies for design and application of enteric viral vaccines. | enteric viral infections in domestic animals cause significant economic losses. the recent emergence of virulent enteric coronaviruses [porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv)] in north america and asia, for which no vaccines are available, remains a challenge for the global swine industry. vaccination strategies against rotavirus and coronavirus (transmissible gastroenteritis virus) infections are reviewed. these vaccination principles are applicable against emerging enteric infections such as p ... | 2015 | 25387111 |
| transmissible gastroenteritis virus and porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus infection induces dramatic changes in the tight junctions and microfilaments of polarized ipec-j2 cells. | viral infection converts the normal constitution of a cell to optimise viral entry, replication, and virion production. these conversions contain alterations or disruptions of the tight and adherens junctions between cells as part of their pathogenesis, and reorganise cellular microfilaments that initiate, sustain and spread the viral infections and so on. using porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (pedv), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) and a model of normal intestinal epithelial cells ( ... | 2014 | 25173696 |
| us-like strain of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus outbreaks in taiwan, 2013-2014. | since late 2013, several outbreaks of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) infection have emerged in taiwan. suckling piglets under 2 weeks of age showed severe vomiting and watery yellowish diarrhea with morbidity and mortality ranging from 80 to 100% and 90 to 100%, respectively. a total of 68 samples from 25 pig farms were confirmed as positive for pedv and negative for rotavirus and transmissible gastroenteritis virus by reverse transcription pcr, and the partial s gene of pedv was analyze ... | 2014 | 24898162 |
| a phage-displayed peptide recognizing porcine aminopeptidase n is a potent small molecule inhibitor of pedv entry. | three phage-displayed peptides designated h, s and f that recognize porcine aminopeptidase n (papn), the cellular receptor of porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) were able to inhibit cell infection by tgev. these same peptides had no inhibitory effects on infection of vero cells by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv). however, when pedv, tgev and porcine pseudorabies virus were incubated with peptide h (hvtttfappppr), only infection of vero cells by pedv was inhibited. immunofl ... | 2014 | 24889221 |
| full-length genome sequence of porcine deltacoronavirus strain usa/ia/2014/8734. | porcine deltacoronavirus (pdcov) was detected in feces from diarrheic sows during an epidemic of acute and transmissible diarrhea. no transmissible gastroenteritis virus or porcine epidemic diarrhea virus was detected. the pdcov usa/ia/2014/8734 from the herd was sequenced for full-length genomic rna to further characterize pdcov in u.s. swine. | 2014 | 24723718 |
| evaluation on the efficacy and immunogenicity of recombinant dna plasmids expressing spike genes from porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. | porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pdev) can cause severe diarrhea in pigs. development of effective vaccines against tgev and pedv is one of important prevention measures. the spike (s) protein is the surface glycoprotein of tgev and pedv, which can induce specific neutralization antibodies and is a candidate antigen for vaccination attempts. in this study, the open reading frames of the tgev s1 protein and in addition of the s or s1 proteins ... | 2013 | 23526943 |
| occurrence and investigation of enteric viral infections in pigs with diarrhea in china. | between february 2011 and february 2012, 985 and 324 samples were collected from diarrheal and healthy pigs, respectively, to detect porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), porcine kobuvirus (pkov), porcine bocavirus (pbov), porcine group a rotavirus (garv), and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev). pedv and pkov clearly predominated in diarrheal pigs. compared to healthy pigs, a substantial prevalence of mixed infections was observed in diarrheal pigs (72.3 %) (p < 0.001). all of the coin ... | 2013 | 23494226 |
| identification of a conserved linear b-cell epitope in the m protein of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. | the major structural protein of coronaviruses, the membrane (m) protein, can elicit the formation of protective antibodies, but little information is available about the m protein of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv). identification of epitopes on the pedv m protein will be helpful in the elucidation of the antigenic properties of this protein. | 2012 | 23025700 |
| molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) field strains in south china. | a total of 127 porcine samples were collected from 48 farms in six provinces in south china. the positive rate of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) was 43.0 % (55/127), and the co-infection rate of pedv and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) was 12.0 % (15/127). the partial s gene and complete m gene were amplified from pedv-positive strains by rt-pcr, cloned, sequenced and compared with each other, as well as with the reference strains in genbank. sequence homology results of the p ... | 2012 | 22528639 |
| antigenic structures stably expressed by recombinant tgev-derived vectors. | coronaviruses (covs) are positive-stranded rna viruses with potential as immunization vectors, expressing high levels of heterologous genes and eliciting both secretory and systemic immune responses. nevertheless, its high recombination rate may result in the loss of the full-length foreign gene, limiting their use as vectors. transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) was engineered to express porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) small protein domains, as a strategy to im ... | 2014 | 25108114 |
| post-transcriptional control of type i interferon induction by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in its natural host cells. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) is not only a poor inducer of type i interferon but also inhibits the efficient induction of type i interferon by porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) and synthetic dsrna molecules, poly i:c. however, the mechanistic basis by which prrsv interferes with the induction of type i interferon in its natural host cells remains less well defined. the purposes of this review are to summarize the key findings in supporting the post ... | 2012 | 22754646 |
| orf3a deletion in field strains of porcine-transmissible gastroenteritis virus in china: a hint of association with porcine respiratory coronavirus. | porcine-transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) is a pathogenic coronavirus responsible for high diarrhoea-associated morbidity and mortality in suckling piglets. we analysed the tgev orf3 gene using nested polymerase chain reaction and identified an orf3a deletion in three field strains of tgev collected from piglets in china in 2015. eight tgev orf3 sequences were obtained in this study. phylogenetic tree analysis of orf3 showed that the eight tgev orf3 genes all belonged to the miller clus ... | 2017 | 28299912 |
| complete genomic sequence of the coronavirus transmissible gastroenteritis virus shxb isolated in china. | a strain of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), shxb, was isolated in shanghai, china. the complete genome of strain shxb was sequenced, and its sequence was compared those of other tgev strains in the genbank database. the comparison showed that there were no insertions or deletions in the 5' and 3'- non-translated regions, in the nonstructural genes orf1, orf3, and orf7, or in the genes encoding the structural proteins envelope (e), membrane (m) and nucleoprotein (n). a phenomenon in c ... | 2014 | 24740387 |
| efficacy and immunogenicity of recombinant swinepox virus expressing the a epitope of the tgev s protein. | to explore the possibility of developing a vaccine against transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) infection, a recombinant swinepox virus (rspv-sa) expressing a tgev protective antigen has been constructed. immune responses and protection efficacy of the vaccination vector were assessed in both mice and pig models. an indirect elisa assay suggested that when mice were vaccinated with rspv-sa, the level of igg against tgev was enhanced dramatically. the cytokine assays were employed and the r ... | 2015 | 26116254 |
| transmissible gastroenteritis virus does not suppress ifn-β induction but is sensitive to ifn in ipec-j2 cells. | coronaviruses tend to efficiently evade innate immune sensing. alpha-coronaviruses interfere with the type i interferon (ifn) response in various ways, ensuring the limited activation of ifn responses. transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), an alphacoronavirus genera virus, is an important pathogen that mainly infects piglet, but little is known about the activation of the host immune response. we show that tgev induces a delayed activation of the ifn response in intestinal epithelial cells ... | 2017 | 28110779 |
| characterization of an immunodominant epitope in the endodomain of the coronavirus membrane protein. | the coronavirus membrane (m) protein acts as a dominant immunogen and is a major player in virus assembly. in this study, we prepared two monoclonal antibodies (mabs; 1c3 and 4c7) directed against the transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) m protein. the 1c3 and 4c7 mabs both reacted with the native tgev m protein in western blotting and immunofluorescence (ifa) assays. two linear epitopes, 243ysteart249 (1c3) and 243ysteartdnlseqekllhmv262 (4c7), were identified in the endodomain of the tge ... | 2016 | 27973413 |
| inhibition of porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus infection in porcine kidney cells using short hairpin rnas targeting the membrane gene. | the membrane (m) protein is the most abundant component of the porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) particle. to exploit the possibility of using rna interference (rnai) as a strategy against tgev infection, three plasmids (prnat-1, prnat-2, and prnat-3) expressing short hairpin rnas were designed to target three different coding regions of the m gene of tgev. the plasmids were constructed and transiently transfected into a porcine kidney cells, pk-15, to determine whether these co ... | 2017 | 27848068 |
| morphogenesis and proliferative rule of porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus in porcine intestinal epithelial cells. | to gain a better understanding of the replication, proliferation and infection characteristics of porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) in porcine intestinal epithelial cells (iecs), this study established a cell model of iecs infected with the chongqing (cq) strain of tgev. the morphogenesis and proliferative rule of tgev in porcine iecs were investigated using transmission electron microscopy, indirect immunofluorescence assays and real-time fluorescence quantitative pcr. observat ... | 2016 | 27693376 |
| characterization of two monoclonal antibodies that recognize linker region and carboxyl terminal domain of coronavirus nucleocapsid protein. | the transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) nucleocapsid (n) protein plays important roles in the replication and translation of viral rna. the present study provides the first description of two monoclonal antibodies (mabs) (5e8 and 3d7) directed against the tgev n protein linker region (lkr) and carboxyl terminal domain (ctd). the mabs 5e8 and 3d7 reacted with native n protein in western blotting and immunofluorescence assay (ifa). two linear epitopes, 189sveqavlaalkklg202 and 246vtrfygarss ... | 2017 | 27689694 |
| tgev infection up-regulates fcrn expression via activation of nf-κb signaling. | it has been well characterized that the neonatal fc receptor (fcrn) transports maternal igg to a fetus or newborn and protects igg from degradation. we previously reported that fcrn is expressed in a model of normal porcine intestinal epithelial cells (ipec-j2). transmissible gastroenteritis is an acute enteric disease of swine that is caused by transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev). how porcine fcrn (pfcrn) expression is regulated by pathogenic infection remains unknown. our research shows ... | 2016 | 27555521 |
| retinoic acid facilitates inactivated transmissible gastroenteritis virus induction of cd8(+) t-cell migration to the porcine gut. | the digestive tract is the entry site for transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev). tgev transmission can be prevented if local immunity is established with increased lymphocytes. the current parenteral mode of vaccination stimulates systemic immunity well, but it does not induce sufficient mucosal immunity. retinoic acid (ra) plays an important role in the induction of cells that imprint gut-homing molecules. we examined whether ra assist parenteral vaccination of pigs could improve mucosal i ... | 2016 | 27080036 |
| cpg dna facilitate the inactivated transmissible gastroenteritis virus in enhancing the local and systemic immune response of pigs via oral administration. | transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) replicates in the small intestine and induces enteritis and watery diarrhea. establishment of local immunity in the intestine would thus prevent tgev transmission. cpg dna has been reported as a promising mucosal adjuvant in some animals. the effects of oral immunization of cpg dna together with inactivated tgev (itgev) were investigated in this study. pigs (6 weeks old) were orally immunized with itgev plus cpg dna. the tgev-specific iga level in the i ... | 2016 | 27032496 |
| mitophagy in tgev infection counteracts oxidative stress and apoptosis. | the intestinal epithelial cells contain a large number of mitochondria for persisting absorption and barrier function. selective autophagy of mitochondria (mitophagy) plays an important role in the quality control of mitochondria and maintenance of cell homeostasis. transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) is a porcine enteropathogenic coronavirus which induces malabsorption and lethal watery diarrhea in suckling piglets. the role of mitophagy in the pathological changes caused by tgev infecti ... | 2016 | 27027356 |
| neonatal fc receptor-mediated igg transport across porcine intestinal epithelial cells: potentially provide the mucosal protection. | it has been well characterized that piglets can absorb colostrum igg across the intestine to neonatal bloodstream and a certain level of igg has been found in the mucosal secretions of the porcine intestinal tract. however, little is known about how the maternal igg transport across the intestinal barrier and how igg enter the lumen of intestinal tract. in this study, we demonstrated that the porcine neonatal fc receptor (pfcrn) was expressed in a model of normal porcine intestinal epithelial ce ... | 2016 | 26982157 |
| the epidermal growth factor receptor regulates cofilin activity and promotes transmissible gastroenteritis virus entry into intestinal epithelial cells. | transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), a coronavirus, causes severe diarrhea and high mortality in newborn piglets. the porcine intestinal epithelium is the target of tgev infection, but the mechanisms that tgev disrupts the actin cytoskeleton and invades the host epithelium remain largely unknown. we not only found that tgev infection stimulates f-actin to gather at the cell membrane but the disruption of f-actin inhibits tgev entry as well. cofilin is involved in f-actin reorganization an ... | 2016 | 26933809 |
| mir-27b attenuates apoptosis induced by transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) infection via targeting runt-related transcription factor 1 (runx1). | transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), belonging to the coronaviridae family, is the key cause of the fatal diarrhea of piglets and results in many pathological processes. micrornas (mirnas) play a key role in the regulation of virus-induced apoptosis. during the process of apoptosis induced by tgev infection in pk-15 cells, the mir-27b is notably down-regulated. thus, we speculate that mir-27b is involved in regulating the process of apoptosis in pk-15 cells. in this study we demonstrated ... | 2016 | 26870610 |
| immunogenicity of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) m gene delivered by attenuated salmonella typhimurium in mice. | attenuated salmonella typhimurium (s. typhimurium) was selected as a transgenic vehicle for the development of live mucosal vaccines against transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) based on the m gene. an approximate 1.0 kb dna fragment, encoding for glycoprotein m, was amplified by rt-pcr and cloned into eukaryotic expression vector pvax1. the recombinant plasmid pvax-m was transformed by electroporation into attenuated s. typhimurium sl7207, and the expression and translation of the pvax-m ... | 2016 | 26837896 |
| (+)-catechin inhibition of transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus in swine testicular cells is involved its antioxidation. | transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) causes transmissible gastroenteritis (tge), especially in newborn piglets, which severely threatens the worldwide pig industry. in this study, (+)-catechin was evaluated for its antiviral effect against tgev in vitro. viability assays revealed that (+)-catechin treatment exerted a dose-dependent rescue effect in tgev-infected st cells, and this result was only obtained with the post-treatment application of (+)-catechin. the viral yields in (+)-catechin ... | 2015 | 26679792 |
| construction of an oral vaccine for transmissible gastroenteritis virus based on the tgev n gene expressed in an attenuated salmonella typhimurium vector. | this research aimed to develop an oral vaccine for transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) based on the tgev n gene expressed in an attenuated salmonella typhimurium vector and aimed to evaluate the vaccine's immune response in piglets. recombinant plasmid pvax-n was transformed into competent cells of attenuated s. typhimurium sl7207 via electroporation. after it was identified via rt-pcr and double digestion, the screened recombinant bacteria presenting pvax-n were named sl7207 (pvax-n). to ... | 2016 | 26297958 |
| [antimicrobial activity of polyazolidinammonium, modified with hydrate-ions of iodine]. | study of antimicrobial activity of a polymer compound--polyazolidinammonium, modified with hydrate-ions of iodine. | 2015 | 26259277 |
| transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) infection alters the expression of cellular microrna species that affect transcription of tgev gene 7. | transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) is a member of coronaviridae family. tgev infection has emerged as a major cause of severe gastroenteritis and leads to alterations of many cellular processes. meanwhile, the pathogenic mechanism of tgev is still unclear. micrornas (mirnas) are a novel class of small non-coding rnas which are involved in the regulation of numerous biological processes such as viral infection and cell apoptosis. accumulating data show that mirnas are involved in the proc ... | 2015 | 26157346 |
| phage display for identifying peptides that bind the spike protein of transmissible gastroenteritis virus and possess diagnostic potential. | the spike (s) protein of porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) is located within the viral envelope and is the only structural protein that possesses epitopes capable of inducing virus-neutralizing antibodies. among the four n-terminal antigenic sites a, b, c, and d, site a and to a lesser extent site d (s-ad) induce key neutralizing antibodies. recently, we expressed s-ad (rs-ad) in recombinant form. in the current study, we used the rs-ad as an immobilized target to identify pepti ... | 2015 | 26013256 |
| molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of transmissible gastroenteritis virus hx strain isolated from china. | porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) is the major etiological agent of viral enteritis and severe diarrhea in suckling piglets. in china, tgev has caused great economic losses, but its role in epidemic diarrhea is unclear. this study aims to reveal the etiological role of tgev in piglet diarrhea via molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis. | 2015 | 25890036 |
| identification of the interaction between vimentin and nucleocapsid protein of transmissible gastroenteritis virus. | nucleocapsid (n) protein of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) packages viral rna genome to form a ribonucleoprotein complex. in addition to its function as a structural protein, n protein is involved in cell apoptosis or cell-cycle regulation. n protein possibly interacts with host factors to modulate cellular functions. to identify cellular proteins that interacted with n protein of tgev, methods of gst pull-down and co-ip were utilized to precipitate cellular proteins of swine testicu ... | 2015 | 25533531 |
| looking for a needle in a haystack: cellular proteins that may interact with the tyrosine-based sorting signal of the tgev s protein. | the spike protein s of transmissible gastroenteritis virus, an alphacoronavirus, contains a tyrosine-based sorting signal that is responsible for ergic retention and may be important for a correct viral assembly process. to find out whether the s protein interacts with cellular proteins via this sorting signal, a pulldown assay with gst fusion proteins was performed. filamin a has been identified as a putative interaction candidate. immunofluorescence assays confirmed a co-localization between t ... | 2015 | 25481285 |
| quantitative proteomic analysis reveals that transmissible gastroenteritis virus activates the jak-stat1 signaling pathway. | transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), a porcine enteropathogenic coronavirus, causes lethal watery diarrhea and severe dehydration in piglets. in this study, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry coupled to isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification labeling was used to quantitatively identify differentially expressed cellular proteins after tgev infection in pk-15 cells. in total, 162 differentially expressed cellular proteins were identified, including 60 upregulated ... | 2014 | 25357264 |