Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| quantitative mass spectrometry of denv-2 rna-interacting proteins reveals that the dead-box rna helicase ddx6 binds the db1 and db2 3' utr structures. | dengue virus (denv) is a rapidly re-emerging flavivirus that causes dengue fever (df), dengue hemorrhagic fever (dhf) and dengue shock syndrome (dss), diseases for which there are no available therapies or vaccines. the denv-2 positive-strand rna genome contains 5' and 3' untranslated regions (utrs) that have been shown to form secondary structures required for virus replication and interaction with host cell proteins. in order to comprehensively identify host cell factors that bind the denv-2 ... | 2011 | 21957497 |
| novel flaviviruses detected in different species of mosquitoes in spain. | abstract we report the characterization of three novel flaviviruses isolated in spain. marisma mosquito virus, a novel mosquito borne virus, was isolated from ochlerotatus caspius mosquitoes; spanish ochlerotatus flavivirus and spanish culex flavivirus, two novel insect flaviviruses, were isolated from oc. caspius and culex pipiens, respectively. during this investigation, we designed a sensitive rt-nested polymerase chain reaction method that amplifies a 1019bp fragment of the flavivirus ns5 ... | 2011 | 22022811 |
| Neuralgic amyotrophy associated with dengue fever: Case series of three patients. | Dengue is an acute mosquito borne viral infection caused by one of the four distinct serotype of dengue viruses (type 1-4), belonging to flavivirus family. Dengue fever, an arboviral infection is known to cause various neurological complications. Commonly reported neurological manifestations associated with dengue infection are encephalopathy, myelopathy, stroke, Guillain-Barre syndrome and hypokalemic paralysis. Brachial amyotrophy associated with dengue infection were not described previously. ... | 2011 | 22120863 |
| Detection of West Nile virus genome and specific antibodies in Iranian encephalitis patients. | SUMMARYWest Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus which circulates in birds, horses and humans. An estimated 80% of WNV infections are asymptomatic. Fewer than 1% of infected persons develop neuroinvasive disease, which typically presents as encephalitis, meningitis, or acute flaccid paralysis. This study was conducted from January 2008 to June 2009 in Isfahan, Iran. Patients attending the emergency department with fever and loss of consciousness were consecutively included. Cerebrospi ... | 2011 | 22008154 |
| A fusion-loop antibody enhances the infectious properties of immature flavivirus particles. | Flavivirus-infected cells secrete a mixture of mature, partially immature, and fully immature particles into the extracellular space. Although mature virions are highly infectious, prM-containing fully immature virions are noninfectious largely because the prM protein inhibits the cell attachment and fusogenic properties of the virus. If, however, cell attachment and entry are facilitated by anti-prM antibodies, immature flavivirus becomes infectious after efficient processing of the prM protein ... | 2011 | 21880758 |
| flavivirus ns3 and ns5 proteins interaction network: a high-throughput yeast two-hybrid screen. | the genus flavivirus encompasses more than 50 distinct species of arthropod-borne viruses, including several major human pathogens, such as west nile virus, yellow fever virus, japanese encephalitis virus and the four serotypes of dengue viruses (denv type 1-4). each year, flaviviruses cause more than 100 million infections worldwide, some of which lead to life-threatening conditions such as encephalitis or haemorrhagic fever. among the viral proteins, ns3 and ns5 proteins constitute the major e ... | 2011 | 22014111 |
| host-feeding patterns of native culex pipiens and invasive aedes albopictus mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) in urban zones from barcelona, spain. | the feeding patterns of haematophagous arthropods are of major importance in the amplification and transmission of infectious disease agents to vertebrate hosts, including humans. the establishment of new vector populations in nonnative range might alter transmission networks. the asian tiger mosquito aedes albopictus (skuse) represents an example of how an invasive species can alter the risk of viral transmission to humans. blood meal molecular identification from two sympatric mosquito species ... | 2011 | 21845962 |
| West nile Fever outbreak in horses and humans, Spain, 2010. | TO THE EDITOR: West Nile virus (WNV) is a member of the genus Flavivirus within the Japanese encephalitis antigenic complex. The enzootic virus cycle involves transmission between avian hosts and ornithophilic mosquitoes, whereas humans and horses are considered dead-end hosts. Given the recent increase of WNV infection in humans and horses in Europe, concern has been raised regarding public and animal health. | 2011 | 22172565 |
| Alterations in the Aedes aegypti transcriptome during infection with West Nile, dengue and yellow fever viruses. | West Nile (WNV), dengue (DENV) and yellow fever (YFV) viruses are (re)emerging, mosquito-borne flaviviruses that cause human disease and mortality worldwide. Alterations in mosquito gene expression common and unique to individual flaviviral infections are poorly understood. Here, we present a microarray analysis of the Aedes aegypti transcriptome over time during infection with DENV, WNV or YFV. We identified 203 mosquito genes that were = 5-fold differentially up-regulated (DUR) and 202 genes t ... | 2011 | 21909258 |
| development of dengue type-2 virus replicons expressing gfp reporter gene in study of viral rna replication. | insertion of green fluorescent protein (gfp) encoding-gene into virus genes has provided a valuable tool for flavivirus research. this study aimed to develop dengue virus (denv) replicons expressing gfp reporter that would provide a fast in vitro system to analyze functional roles of specific denv sequences in viral replication. two classes of recombinant replicon constructs were generated; one was a rna-launched replicon with a gfp gene directly inserted into a full-length denv genome (fl-denv/ ... | 2011 | 22197424 |
| Notification of the first isolation of Cacipacore virus in a human in the State of Rondônia, Brazil. | Flavivirus is a genus of arthropod-transmitted viruses of the family Flaviviridae, and in Brazil, up to eleven different Flavivirus have been isolated. We collected blood from farmers in the municipality of Theobroma, which is located 320km from the City of Porto Velho, the former capital of the Brazilian State of Rondônia. For viral isolation, we used newborn mouse brain, followed by RT-PCR with specific universal Flavivirus primers. We obtained fragments 958bp and 800bp in length. Based on BLA ... | 2011 | 21860907 |
| analysis of the complete genome of tembusu virus, a flavivirus isolated from ducks in china. | during investigations into the outbreak of duck viral infection in 2010 in china, with a severe drop in egg production, a flavivirus was isolated from the affected ducks. it was characterized as a tembusu virus (tmuv). in this study, we obtained a complete genome sequence of tembusu virus using rt-pcr and race techniques. tmuv genome is a singled-stranded rna, with 10 990 nucleotides in length, and contains a single open reading frame (3410 amino acids) encoding 11 viral proteins with 5'and 3'no ... | 2011 | 22103739 |
| a dna-based west nile virus replicon elicits humoral and cellular immune responses in mice. | while self-replicating, non-infectious subgenomic flavivirus replicons have been described, most of them are rna transcripts under the control of an sp6 or t7 promoter. in this study, using west nile virus (wnv) as a model, a series of dna-based reporter replicons under the control of a minimal cytomegalovirus (cmv) immediate-early promoter were constructed, and functional analysis showed that these reporter replicons replicate efficiently in mammalian cells. when the dna-based wnv replicon was ... | 2011 | 21893098 |
| Neuroinvasive flavivirus infections. | Flaviviruses, including Dengue, West Nile, Japanese encephalitis, and Tick-borne encephalitis virus, are major emerging human pathogens, affecting millions of individuals worldwide. Many clinically important flaviviruses elicit CNS diseases in infected hosts, including traditional "hemorrhagic" viruses, such as Dengue. This review focuses on the epidemiology, symptomatology, neuropathology, and, specifically, neuropathogenesis of flavivirus-induced human CNS disease. A detailed insight into spec ... | 2011 | 22086854 |
| rab5 and class iii pi-3-kinase vps34 are involved in hepatitis c virus ns4b-induced autophagy. | autophagy has been shown to facilitate replication or production of hepatitis c virus (hcv); nevertheless, how hcv induces autophagy remains unclear. here, we demonstrate that hcv nonstructural protein 4b (ns4b) alone can induce autophagy signaling; its amino acid residues 1-190 are sufficient for this induction. further studies showed that the phosphorylation levels of s6k and 4e-bp1 were not altered, suggesting that mtor/s6 kinase pathway and mtor/4ebp1 pathway did not contribute to ns4b- or h ... | 2011 | 21835792 |
| charged residues in hepatitis c virus ns4b are critical for multiple ns4b functions in rna replication. | the nonstructural 4b (ns4b) protein of hepatitis c virus (hcv) plays a central role in the formation of the hcv replication complex. to gain insight into the role of charged residues for ns4b function in hcv rna replication, alanine substitutions were engineered in place of 28 charged residues residing in the n- and c-terminal cytoplasmic domains of the ns4b protein of the hcv genotype 1b strain con1. eleven single charged-to-alanine mutants were not viable, while the remaining mutants were repl ... | 2011 | 21680530 |
| Analyses of mutations selected by passaging a chimeric flavivirus identify mutations that alter infectivity and reveal an interaction between the structural proteins and the nonstructural glycoprotein NS1. | We previously described a single-cycle dengue vaccine (RepliVAX D2) engineered from a capsid (C) gene-deleted West Nile virus (WNV) expressing dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV2) prM/E genes in place of the corresponding WNV genes. That work demonstrated that adaptation of RepliVAX D2 to grow in WNV C-expressing cells resulted in acquisition of non-synonymous mutations in the DENV2 prM/E and WNV NS2A/NS3 genes. Here we demonstrate that the prM/E mutations increase the specific infectivity of chimeri ... | 2011 | 21999990 |
| stability of yellow fever virus under recombinatory pressure as compared with chikungunya virus. | recombination is a mechanism whereby positive sense single stranded rna viruses exchange segments of genetic information. recent phylogenetic analyses of naturally occurring recombinant flaviviruses have raised concerns regarding the potential for the emergence of virulent recombinants either post-vaccination or following co-infection with two distinct wild-type viruses. to characterize the conditions and sequences that favor rna arthropod-borne virus recombination we constructed yellow fever vi ... | 2011 | 21826243 |
| broad-spectrum antiviral therapeutics. | currently there are relatively few antiviral therapeutics, and most which do exist are highly pathogen-specific or have other disadvantages. we have developed a new broad-spectrum antiviral approach, dubbed double-stranded rna (dsrna) activated caspase oligomerizer (draco) that selectively induces apoptosis in cells containing viral dsrna, rapidly killing infected cells without harming uninfected cells. we have created dracos and shown that they are nontoxic in 11 mammalian cell types and effect ... | 2011 | 21818340 |
| [Multidirectional effect of MIF and sodium polyprenyl phosphate on the course of experimental flavivirus infection in mice]. | Study of macrophage migration inhibiting factor (MIF) effect after intracerebral administration on the course of experimental infection induced in mice by tick borne encephalitis virus (TEV), and study of sodium polyprenyl phosphate (PPP) and/or antibodies against MIF on the course of this infection against the background of MIF administration. | 2011 | 22145351 |
| Establishing a TaqMan-based real-time PCR assay for the rapid detection and quantification of the newly emerged duck Tembusu virus. | To establish an accurate, rapid, and a quantifiable method for the detection of the newly emerged duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV) that recently caused a widespread infectious disease in ducks in China, we developed a TaqMan-based real-time PCR assay by using E gene-specific primers and a TaqMan probe. This real-time PCR assay was 100 times more sensitive than the conventional PCR. The reproducibility and specificity of the real-time PCR assay were confirmed using plasmids containing E genes or RNAs a ... | 2011 | 21978536 |
| dnaj homolog hdj2 facilitates japanese encephalitis virus replication. | japanese encephalitis virus (jev) is a member of the mosquito-borne flaviviridae family of viruses that causes human encephalitis. upon infection of a new host, replication of viral rna involves not only the viral rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp), but also host proteins. host factors involved in jev replication are not well characterized. | 2011 | 21999493 |
| Usutu virus: potential risk of human disease in Europe. | Usutu virus (USUV) is an African mosquito-borne flavivirus, member of the Japanese encephalitis antigenic group. This avian virus is transmitted by arthropod vectors (mainly mosquitoes of the Culex pipiens complex). It is well known that free-living birds, including migratory species, have the potential to disperse certain pathogenic microorganisms. Usutu virus has recently been introduced to Europe and is spreading through Austria, Hungary, Italy, Spain and Switzerland, causing disease in birds ... | 2011 | 21871214 |
| West Nile virus encodes a microRNA-like small RNA in the 3' untranslated region which up-regulates GATA4 mRNA and facilitates virus replication in mosquito cells. | West Nile virus (WNV) belongs to a group of medically important single-stranded, positive-sense RNA viruses causing deadly disease outbreaks around the world. The 3' untranslated region (3'-UTR) of the flavivirus genome, in particular the terminal 3' stem-loop (3'SL) fulfils multiple functions in virus replication and virus-host interactions. Using the Kunjin strain of WNV (WNV(KUN)), we detected a virally encoded small RNA, named KUN-miR-1, derived from 3'SL. Transcription of WNV(KUN) pre-miRNA ... | 2011 | 22080551 |
| neutralising antibodies for west nile virus in horses from brazilian pantanal. | despite evidence of west nile virus (wnv) activity in colombia, venezuela and argentina, this virus has not been reported in most south american countries. in february 2009, we commenced an investigation for wnv in mosquitoes, horses and caimans from the pantanal, central-west brazil. the sera of 168 horses and 30 caimans were initially tested using a flaviviruses-specific epitope-blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (blocking elisa) for the detection of flavivirus-reactive antibodies. the ... | 2011 | 21739036 |
| Assessing ubiquitination of viral proteins: Lessons from flavivirus NS5. | Ubiquitin (Ub) conjugation to a substrate protein is a widely used cellular mechanism for control of protein stability and function, modulation of signal transduction pathways and antiviral responses. Identification and characterization of ubiquitinated viral proteins is an important step in understanding novel mechanisms of viral protein regulation as well as elucidating cellular antiviral strategies. Here we describe a protocol to easily detect and characterize the ubiquitination status of a v ... | 2011 | 21855635 |
| complement-mediated neutralization of dengue virus requires mannose-binding lectin. | mannose-binding lectin (mbl) is a key soluble pathogen recognition protein of the innate immune system that binds specific mannose-containing glycans on the surfaces of microbial agents and initiates complement activation via the lectin pathway. prior studies showed that mbl-dependent activation of the complement cascade neutralized insect cell-derived west nile virus (wnv) in cell culture and restricted pathogenesis in mice. here, we investigated the antiviral activity of mbl in infection by de ... | 2011 | 22167226 |
| insect-specific flaviviruses from culex mosquitoes in colorado, with evidence of vertical transmission. | mosquitoes were collected in colorado during 2006 and 2007 to examine spatial and seasonal patterns of risk for exposure to culex vectors and west nile virus. we used universal flavivirus primers to test pools of culex mosquitoes for viral rna. this led to the detection and subsequent isolation of two insect-specific flaviviruses: culex flavivirus (cxfv), which was first described from japan, and a novel insect flavivirus, designated calbertado virus (clbov), which has also been detected in cali ... | 2011 | 21734144 |
| acute hepatitis a virus infection is associated with a limited type i interferon response and persistence of intrahepatic viral rna. | hepatitis a virus (hav) is an hepatotropic human picornavirus that is associated only with acute infection. its pathogenesis is not well understood because there are few studies in animal models using modern methodologies. we characterized hav infections in three chimpanzees, quantifying viral rna by quantitative rt-pcr and examining critical aspects of the innate immune response including intrahepatic ifn-stimulated gene expression. we compared these infection profiles with similar studies of c ... | 2011 | 21690403 |
| Tick-borne encephalitis in Europe, 2007 to 2009. | 2011 | 21968423 | |
| vimentin binding is critical for infection by the virulent strain of japanese encephalitis virus. | japanese encephalitis virus (jev), a mosquito-borne flavivirus, causes acute encephalitis with high mortality in humans. we used a pair of virulent (rp-9) and attenuated (rp-2ms) variants of jev to pull down the cell surface molecules bound with jev particle; their identities were revealed by lc-ms/ms analysis. one major protein bound with rp-9 and weakly with rp-2ms was identified as the intermediate filament protein vimentin. infection of rp-9 but not that of rp-2ms was blocked by anti-vimenti ... | 2011 | 21707907 |
| an infectious disease of ducks caused by a newly emerged tembusu virus strain in mainland china. | during investigations into an outbreak of egg production decline, retarded growth, and even death among ducks in southeast china, a novel tembusu virus strain named tembusu virus fengxian 2010 (fx2010) was isolated. this virus replicated in embryonated chicken eggs and caused embryo death. in cross-neutralization tests, antiserum to the partial e protein of tembusu virus mm1775 strain neutralized fx2010, whereas antiserum to japanese encephalitis virus did not. fx2010 is an enveloped rna virus o ... | 2011 | 21722935 |
| the viruses of australia and the risk to tourists. | australia is a climatically diverse country varying from a tropical climate in the north to arid central desert and grassland regions, and to temperate climates in the south. there are many viral infections found in australia that are common to developed countries worldwide, but this article will focus on those that pose a special risk for travellers to australia, especially the mosquito-borne viruses. the commonest are the members of the alphavirus genus, particularly ross river virus and barma ... | 2011 | 21679887 |
| dengue virus isolation relying on antibody-dependent enhancement mechanism using fc+¦r-expressing bhk cells and a monoclonal antibody with infection-enhancing capacity. | background: virus isolation is the most reliable evidence of dengue virus (denv) infection. however, conventional virus isolation methods generally posses lower sensitivity and are time consuming as compared to other diagnostic methods such as detection of viral genome by rt-pcr, and determination of ns1 antigen and anti-denv antibody by elisa. objectives: a virus isolation method relying on the antibody-dependent enhancement mechanism was established and the assay's efficacy in denv isolation w ... | 2011 | 21824813 |
| interference and facilitation between dengue serotypes in a tetravalent live dengue virus vaccine candidate. | live, multivalent vaccines have historically exhibited interference in humans; live dengue virus (denv) vaccines have proven no exception. | 2011 | 21742844 |
| a single dose of the denv-1 candidate vaccine rden1+ö30 is strongly immunogenic and induces resistance to a second dose in a randomized trial. | dengue is an emerging infectious disease that has become the most important arboviral infection worldwide. there are four serotypes of dengue virus, denv-1, denv-2, denv-3, and denv-4, each capable of causing the full spectrum of disease. rden1+ö30 is a live attenuated investigational vaccine for the prevention of denv-1 illness and is also a component of an investigational tetravalent denv vaccine currently in phase i evaluation. a single subcutaneous dose of rden1+ö30 was previously shown to b ... | 2011 | 21829748 |
| prm-antibody renders immature west nile virus infectious in vivo. | west nile virus (wnv) is a member of the flaviviridae and a neurotropic pathogen responsible for severe human disease. flavivirus infected cells release virus particles that contain variable numbers of precursor membrane (prm) protein molecules at the viral surface. consequently, antibodies are produced against the prm protein. these antibodies have been shown to activate the infectious potential of fully immature flavivirus particles in vitro. here, we provide in vivo proof that prm antibodies ... | 2011 | 21697345 |
| a dynamic landscape for antibody binding modulates antibody-mediated neutralization of west nile virus. | neutralizing antibodies are a significant component of the host's protective response against flavivirus infection. neutralization of flaviviruses occurs when individual virions are engaged by antibodies with a stoichiometry that exceeds a required threshold. from this "multiple-hit" perspective, the neutralizing activity of antibodies is governed by the affinity with which it binds its epitope and the number of times this determinant is displayed on the surface of the virion. in this study, we ... | 2011 | 21738473 |
| Serologic survey of humans for flavivirus West Nile in Southern Moravia (Czech Republic). | A serosurvey for West Nile virus (WNV) was carried out in 525 persons, using a plaque-reduction neutralization microtest (PRNmicroT) with Vero cells and Egyptian topotype Eg-101 strain as test virus. The blood sera were collected in four South-Moravian districts (Hodonin 44 persons, Breclav 102 persons, Znojmo 170 persons, Jihlava 209 persons) of the Czech Republic in the years 1988 and 1989, and stored at -20 degrees C. Antibodies to WNV were detected in only three humans (0.6% seropositivity): ... | 2011 | 22026285 |
| west nile and usutu viruses in mosquitoes in spain, 2008-2009. | west nile virus lineage 1 (similar to the strains obtained from golden eagles in spain, 2007) and usutu virus (similar to the strains obtained from culex pipiens in spain, 2006) were detected in pools from culex perexiguus collected in southern spain in 2008 and 2009, respectively. this is the first detection and isolation of west nile virus lineage 1 from mosquitoes in spain. | 2011 | 21734145 |
| meteorological and hydrological influences on the spatial and temporal prevalence of west nile virus in culex mosquitoes, suffolk county, new york. | the factors determining the spatial and temporal distribution of west nile virus (family flaviviridae, genus flavivirus, wnv) activity are not well understood. here, we explore the effects of hydrological and meteorological conditions on wnv infection among culex genus mosquitoes collected during 2001-2009 in suffolk county, long island, ny. we show that wnv infection rates in assayed pools of culex mosquitoes are associated in both space and time with hydrological and meteorological variability ... | 2011 | 21845947 |
| a conserved peptide in west nile virus ns4a protein contributes to proteolytic processing and is essential for replication. | the west nile virus strain kunjin virus (wnv(kun)) ns4a protein is a multifunctional protein involved in membrane proliferation, stimulation of cellular pathways, and evasion of host defense and is a major component of the wnv(kun) rna replication complex. we identified a highly conserved region ((120)p-e-p-e(123)) upstream of the viral protease dibasic cleavage site and investigated whether this motif was required for wnv(kun) replication. single point mutations to alanine and a pepe deletion m ... | 2011 | 21880777 |
| flavidb: a data mining system for knowledge discovery in flaviviruses with direct applications in immunology and vaccinology. | the flavivirus genus is unusually large, comprising more than 70 species, of which more than half are known human pathogens. it includes a set of clinically relevant infectious agents such as dengue, west nile, yellow fever, and japanese encephalitis viruses. although these pathogens have been studied exten-sively, safe and efficient vaccines lack for the majority of the flaviviruses. we have assembled a database that combines antigenic data of flaviviruses, specialized analysis tools, and workf ... | 2011 | 22126825 |
| Crystal structure of the Japanese encephalitis virus envelope protein. | Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV) is the leading global cause of viral encephalitis. The JEV envelope protein (E) facilitates cellular attachment and membrane fusion and is the primary target of neutralizing antibodies. Herein, we have determined the 2.1Å resolution crystal structure of the JEV E ectodomain refolded from bacterial inclusion bodies. The E protein possesses the three domains characteristic of flavivirus envelopes and epitope mapping of neutralizing antibodies onto the structure re ... | 2011 | 22156523 |
| expression and immunoaffinity purification of recombinant dengue virus 2 ns1 protein as a cleavable sumostar fusion. | dengue virus (denv) encoded nonstructural one (ns1) is a 352 amino acid protein that exists in multiple oligomeric states and is conserved within the flavivirus family. although ns1 has been heavily researched for its diagnostic utility, there is a gap in the understanding of its role in a range of viral processes, including replication and development of clinical pathologies such as vascular leakage. many of these functions involve unknown interactions with viral and host proteins. this study d ... | 2011 | 22100526 |
| Autophagy is involved in the early step of Japanese encephalitis virus infection. | Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), an enveloped Flavivirus with a positive-sense RNA genome, causes acute encephalitis with high mortality in humans. We used a virulent (RP-9) and an attenuated (RP-2ms) JEV strain to assess the role of autophagy in JEV infection. By monitoring the levels of lipidated LC3, we found that autophagy was induced in human NT-2 cells infected with RP-2ms, especially at the late stage, and to a lesser extent with RP-9. The induction of autophagy by rapamycin increased v ... | 2011 | 21946213 |
| west nile virus replication requires fatty acid synthesis but is independent on phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate lipids. | west nile virus (wnv) is a neurovirulent mosquito-borne flavivirus, which main natural hosts are birds but it also infects equines and humans, among other mammals. as in the case of other plus-stranded rna viruses, wnv replication is associated to intracellular membrane rearrangements. based on results obtained with a variety of viruses, different cellular processes have been shown to play important roles on these membrane rearrangements for efficient viral replication. as these processes are re ... | 2011 | 21949814 |
| japanese encephalitis virus in culicine mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) collected at daeseongdong, a village in the demilitarized zone of the republic of korea. | in total, 22,846 (17,793 culicines and 5,053 anopheles spp.) female mosquitoes were captured by a mosquito magnet trap at daeseongdong, a small village adjacent to the military demarcation line (center of the demilitarized zone) in northern gyeonggi province, republic of korea (rok). culicine mosquitoes were identified to species, placed in pools of up to 30 mosquitoes each, and screened for flavivirus using a sybr green i-based real-time polymerase chain reaction. in total, 51/660 pools positiv ... | 2011 | 22238887 |
| temporal and spatial patterns of west nile virus transmission in saginaw county, michigan, 2003-2006. | the dynamics of west nile virus (family flaviviridae, genus flavivirus, wnv) infection in mosquitoes, sentinel pheasants, and wild dead birds were evaluated during 2003-2006 in saginaw co., mi. mosquitoes were collected by new jersey light traps at 22 sites during may-september, pooled by species and sample location, and tested for presence of wnv rna by using a real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay. oral swabs from wild dead birds submitted by the public were tested by ... | 2011 | 21936324 |
| Inhibition of dengue virus by targeting viral NS4B protein. | We report a novel inhibitor that selectively suppresses dengue virus (DENV) by targeting viral NS4B protein. The inhibitor was identified by screening a 1.8-million-compound library using a luciferase replicon of DENV serotype 2 (DENV-2). The compound specifically inhibits all four serotypes of DENV (50% effective concentration [EC(50)], 1 to 4 µM; and 50% cytotoxic concentration [CC(50)], >40 µM), but it does not inhibit closely related flaviviruses (West Nile virus and yellow fever virus) or n ... | 2011 | 21865382 |
| west nile virus population genetics and evolution. | west nile virus (wnv) (flaviviridae: flavivirus) is transmitted from mosquitoes to birds, but can cause fatal encephalitis in infected humans. since its introduction into north america in new york in 1999, it has spread throughout the western hemisphere. multiple outbreaks have also occurred in europe over the last 20 years. this review highlights recent efforts to understand how host pressures impact viral population genetics, genotypic and phenotypic changes which have occurred in the wnv geno ... | 2011 | 22226703 |
| Recombination in hepatitis C virus. | Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a Flavivirus with a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA genome of about 9,600 nucleotides. It is a major cause of liver disease, infecting almost 200 million people all over the world. Similarly to most RNA viruses, HCV displays very high levels of genetic diversity which have been used to differentiate six major genotypes and about 80 subtypes. Although the different genotypes and subtypes share basic biological and pathogenic features they differ in clinical outcomes ... | 2011 | 22069526 |
| evidence of efficient transovarial transmission of culex flavivirus by culex pipiens (diptera: culicidae). | this study determined the transovarial transmission (tot) potential and tissue tropisms of culex flavivirus (cxfv), an insect-specific flavivirus, in culex pipiens (l.). several hundred mosquito egg rafts were collected in the field, transferred to the insectaries, reared to the fourth larval instar, and identified using morphological characteristics. cx. pipiens were reared to adults, allowed to oviposit in individual containers, and tested for cxfv rna by reverse transcription-polymerase chain ... | 2011 | 21936322 |
| Broad-spectrum antiviral activity of RNA interference against four genotypes of Japanese encephalitis virus based on single microRNA polycistrons. | Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a neurotropic mosquito-borne flavivirus, causes acute viral encephalitis and neurologic disease with a high fatality rate in humans and a range of animals. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) is a powerful antiviral agent able to inhibit JEV replication. However, the high rate of genetic variability between JEV strains (of four confirmed genotypes, genotypes I, II, III and IV) hampers the broad-spectrum application of siRNAs, and mutations within the targeted sequenc ... | 2011 | 22028851 |
| The infectivity of prM-containing partially mature West Nile virus does not require the activity of cellular furin-like proteases. | Cleavage of the flavivirus prM protein by a cellular furin-like protease is a hallmark of virion maturation. While this cleavage is a required step in the viral life cycle, it can be inefficient. Virions that retain uncleaved prM may be infectious. We investigated whether cleavage by furin of prM on partially mature West Nile virus (WNV) during virus entry contributes to infectivity. Using quantitative assays of WNV infection, we found that virions incorporating considerable amounts of uncleaved ... | 2011 | 21880759 |
| incidence and seroprevalence of dengue virus infections in australian travellers to asia. | the purpose of this study was to estimate the incidence density and prevalence of dengue virus infection in australian travellers to asia. we conducted a multi-centre prospective cohort study of australian travellers over a 32-month period. we recruited 467 travellers (≥16 years of age) from three travel clinics who intended to travel asia, and 387 (82.9%) of those travellers completed questionnaires and provide samples pre- and post-travel for serological testing for dengue virus infection. dem ... | 2011 | 21983919 |
| Mice with different susceptibility to Japanese encephalitis virus infection show selective neutralizing antibody response and myeloid cell infectivity. | Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that causes public health problems in Asian countries. Only a limited number of JEV-infected individuals show symptoms and develop severe encephalitis, indicating host-dependent susceptibilities. | 2011 | 21949747 |
| Dengue--quo tu et quo vadis? | Dengue viruses (DENV) are by far the most important arboviral pathogens in the tropics around the world, putting at risk of infection nearly a third of the global human population. DENV are members of the genus Flavivirus in the Family Flaviviridae and comprise four antigenically distinct serotypes (DENV-1-4). Although they share almost identical epidemiological features, they are genetically distinct. Phylogenetic analyses have revealed valuable insights into the origins, epidemiology and the f ... | 2011 | 21994796 |
| Second external quality assessment of the molecular diagnostic of West Nile virus: are there improvements towards the detection of WNV? | WNV epidemics occur worldwide, new WNV isolates were isolated in southern-east Europe belonging to WNV lineage 2. A first international proficiency study on WNV indicted that some laboratories were not able to detect WNV lineage 2 virus genome by their PCR diagnostic assays. Therefore an actual External Quality Assessment with both virus lineages was performed to monitor the improvements in molecular diagnostics. | 2011 | 21893429 |
| Isolation of usutu virus in Germany. | Usutu virus (USUV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that emerged 2001 in Austria and caused deaths in wild birds. In Germany, 70,378 female mosquitoes were captured in 2009 and 2010 and assayed for USUV. Virus was isolated in cell culture from one pool of Culex pipiens pipiens mosquitoes trapped exclusively in August 2010 in Weinheim, Germany. Subsequent phylogenetic analysis demonstrated a close relationship between the isolated USUV strain from Germany and a USUV strain from Austria, which was d ... | 2011 | 21896821 |
| West Nile virus: immunity and pathogenesis. | West Nile virus (WNV) is a neurotropic, arthropod-borne flavivirus that is maintained in an enzootic cycle between mosquitoes and birds, but can also infect and cause disease in horses and humans. WNV is endemic in parts of Africa, Europe, the Middle East, and Asia, and since 1999 has spread to North America, Mexico, South America, and the Caribbean. WNV infects the central nervous system (CNS) and can cause severe disease in a small minority of infected humans, mostly immunocompromised or the e ... | 2011 | 21994755 |
| west nile virus: north american experience. | west nile virus, a mosquito-vectored flavivirus of the japanese encephalitis serogroup, was first detected in north america following an epizootic in the new york city area in 1999. in the intervening 11 years since the arrival of the virus in north america, it has crossed the contiguous usa, entered the canadian provinces bordering the usa, and has been reported in the caribbean islands, mexico, central america and, more recently, south america. west nile virus has been reported in over 300 spe ... | 2011 | 21910847 |
| the first report of west nile virus infection in a child from turkey. | seroprevalence data indicate that west nile virus (wnv) activity is present in turkey; however, no pediatric cases of wnv infection have been reported to date. wnv is an emerging flavivirus in turkey, and in september2010, the turkish ministry of health reported the first seven cases of laboratory-confirmed wnv infection from five different cities in the western part of the country. this is the first report of a child from central anatolia, indicating the existence of the virus in other regions ... | 2011 | 21980815 |
| Serosurveillance for Japanese encephalitis virus in wild birds captured in Korea. | Climate change induced by recent global warming may have a significant impact on vector-borne and zoonotic diseases. For example, the distribution of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) has expanded into new regions. We surveyed the levels of hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) antibodies against JEV (Family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus) in wild birds captured in Korea. Blood samples were collected from 1,316 wild birds including the following migratory birds: Oceanodroma castro (n = 4), Anas formo ... | 2011 | 22122903 |
| monitoring of the west nile virus epidemic in spain between 2010 and 2011. | west nile virus (wnv) is a mosquito-transmitted flavivirus recognized as an emerging and re-emerging pathogen in different countries. this study describes the monitoring of the first wnv epidemic in spain between 2010 and 2011. between september and december 2010, 36 outbreaks of wnv in horses were reported in three different provinces of andalusia (southern spain), with no apparent spread outside this area. the temporal distribution and the clinical signs observed during the wnv epidemic in spa ... | 2011 | 22212118 |
| Rapid detection of newly isolated Tembusu-related Flavivirus by reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay. | ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: From April 2010 to January 2011, a severe new viral disease had devastated most duck-farming regions in China. This disease affected not only laying ducks but also meat ducks, causing huge economic losses for the poultry industry. The objective of this study is to develop a one-step reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay for the detection of the new virus related to Tembusu-related Flavivirus. RESULTS: The RT-LAMP assay is very simple ... | 2011 | 22185513 |
| quinoline tricyclic derivatives. design, synthesis and evaluation of the antiviral activity of three new classes of rna-dependent rna polymerase inhibitors. | in this study three new classes of linear n-tricyclic compounds, derived by condensation of the quinoline nucleus with 1,2,3-triazole, imidazole or pyrazine, were synthesized, obtaining triazolo[4,5-g]quinolines, imidazo[4,5-g]quinolines and pyrido[2,3-g]quinoxalines, respectively. title compounds were tested in cell-based assays for cytotoxicity and antiviral activity against rna viruses representative of the three genera of the flaviviridae family, that is bvdv (pestivirus), yfv (flavivirus) a ... | 2011 | 22047799 |
| poorly neutralizing cross-reactive antibodies against the fusion loop of west nile virus envelope protein protect in vivo via fcgamma receptor and complement-dependent effector mechanisms. | the human antibody response to flavivirus infection is dominantly directed against a cross-reactive epitope on the fusion loop of domain ii (dii-fl) of the envelope (e) protein. although antibodies against this epitope fail to recognize fully mature west nile virus (wnv) virions and accordingly neutralize infection poorly in vitro, their functional properties in vivo remain less well understood. here, we show that while passive transfer of poorly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mab) and poly ... | 2011 | 21917960 |
| heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein a2 participates in the replication of japanese encephalitis virus through an interaction with viral proteins and rna. | japanese encephalitis virus (jev) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that is kept in a zoonotic transmission cycle between pigs and mosquitoes. jev causes infection of the central nervous system with a high mortality rate in dead-end hosts, including humans. many studies have suggested that the flavivirus core protein is not only a component of nucleocapsids but also an important pathogenic determinant. in this study, we identified heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein a2 (hnrnp a2) as a binding p ... | 2011 | 21865391 |
| Dengue virus capsid protein binds core histones and inhibits nucleosome formation in human liver cells. | Dengue virus (DENV) is a member of the Flaviviridae and a globally (re)emerging pathogen that causes serious human disease. There is no specific antiviral or vaccine for dengue virus infection. Flavivirus capsid (C) is a structural protein responsible for gathering the viral RNA into a nucleocapsid that forms the core of a mature virus particle. Flaviviral replication is known to occur in the cytoplasm yet a large portion of capsid protein localizes to the nucleus during infection. The reasons f ... | 2011 | 21909430 |
| Neurovirulent flavivirus can be attenuated in mice by incorporation of neuron-specific microRNA recognition elements into viral genome. | Engineering viruses by inserting microRNA (miRNA) recognition elements (MREs) into the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of viral RNA can efficiently restrict viral tissue tropism. We used the mosquito-borne Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) to investigate whether endogenous neuron-specific microRNA-124 (miR-124) could be used to restrict viral neurotropism and, consequently, diminish the neurovirulence of JEV in mice. To recover a neuron-restricted JEV, we inserted 2 copies of a perfectly matched ... | 2011 | 22008823 |
| rhabdomyolysis and severe muscular weakness in a traveler diagnosed with alkhurma hemorrhagic fever virus infection. | alkhurma hemorrhagic fever virus (ahfv) is a tick-borne flavivirus with high case fatality rates, endemic in the arabian peninsula. recently ahfv was detected in travelers returning from egypt suggesting geographical spreading. we also report ahfv infection in a traveler ex egypt, representing atypical symptoms of rhabdomyolysis and severe muscular weakness. | 2011 | 21889906 |
| seroconversion for west nile and st. louis encephalitis viruses among sentinel horses in colombia. | we prospectively sampled flavivirus-naïve horses in northern colombia to detect west nile virus (wnv) and st. louis encephalitis virus (slev) seroconversion events, which would indicate the current circulation of these viruses. overall, 331 (34.1%) of the 971 horses screened were positive for past infection with flaviviruses upon initial sampling in july 2006. during the 12-month study from july 2006-june 2007, 33 wnv seroconversions and 14 slev seroconversions were detected, most of which occur ... | 2011 | 22241119 |
| mosquito-borne hemorrhagic fevers. | arboviruses continue to be a significant source of disease, especially in regions where their insect hosts are endemic. this article highlights these diseases, with particular focus on dengue, yellow fever, and viral hemorrhagic fever. a general background is provided, as well information concerning diagnosis and treatment. | 2011 | 21095525 |
| immune response to dengue virus and prospects for a vaccine. | dengue virus (denv) is a mosquito-borne member of the flavivirus genus and includes four serotypes (denv-1, denv-2, denv-3, and denv-4), each of which is capable of causing dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome. serious disease can be seen during primary infection but is more frequent following second infection with a serotype different from that of a previous infection. infection with wild-type denv induces high-titered neutralizing antibody that can provide long-term ... | 2011 | 21219187 |
| confirmed exposure to tick-borne encephalitis virus and probable human cases of tick-borne encephalitis in central/northern anatolia, turkey. | tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev) is the aetiological agent of tick-borne encephalitis (tbe), a potentially fatal central nervous system infection of humans. tbe is endemic in many areas of europe and asia; however, very scarce data on tbev activity are available from turkey. we aimed to identify tbev exposure in healthy blood donors and the impact of tbev in central nervous system infections in central/northern anatolia. two-thousand four hundred and fifty four sera, collected from blood don ... | 2011 | 20604912 |
| detection of usutu virus within a west nile virus surveillance program in northern italy. | abstract usutu virus (usuv) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus belonging to the japanese encephalitis serocomplex, recently related to neurological disease in immunosuppressed patients. in the same area of northern italy where usuv human cases occurred in 2009, a regional west nile virus (wnv) surveillance program based on mosquito monitoring and wild birds screening has been implemented since 2008. mosquito pools and wild birds were tested using three different polymerase chain reactions (flaviviru ... | 2011 | 20849275 |
| seroepidemiology of nine zoonoses in viljujsk, republic of sakha (northeastern siberia, russian federation). | a seroepidemiology survey of nine zoonoses was carried out in 2007 on 90 healthy adult volunteers in viljujsk, a northern city in the republic of sakha (eastern siberia). the seroprevalence of lyme borreliosis was 3.3% by immunofluorescence. none of the subjects displayed a positive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay/western blot result for alveolar or cystic echinococcosis. the seroprevalence of toxocariasis by western blot was 4.4%, and 8.9% of the subjects had anti-toxoplasma igg. by enzyme-li ... | 2011 | 20575641 |
| surveillance for west nile virus in wild birds from northern europe. | a total of 1935 migratory birds from 104 different species were captured in southeastern sweden in 2005-2006 and tested for antibodies against west nile virus (wnv). overall, 46 birds (2.4%; binomial confidence limits, 1.8-3.2) were positive by blocking-elisa, but only 2 (0.10%; binomial confidence limits, 0.0-0.4) had antibodies detectable by both blocking-elisa and wnv neutralization test. elisa-positive birds included long- and short-distance migrants likely exposed to wnv while wintering in ... | 2011 | 20518642 |
| prime-boost vaccinations using recombinant flavivirus replicon and vaccinia virus vaccines: an elispot analysis. | recombinant kunjin replicon virus-like particle (vlp), vaccinia virus (rvv) and dna vaccines were tested in a large series of prime-boost vaccinations using interferon (ifn)γ elispot assays that reflected effector (e), effector memory (em) and central memory (cm) responses. all vaccine constructs encoded the murine polytope immunogen and responses to four cd8 t-cell epitopes (tyqrtralv, syipsaeki, yphfmptnl and rpqasgvym) were measured. vlp/rvv out performed (by 14- to 20-fold) dna/rvv for induc ... | 2011 | 20680025 |
| live-attenuated, tetravalent dengue vaccine in children, adolescents and adults in a dengue endemic country: randomized controlled phase i trial in the philippines. | a recombinant live attenuated tetravalent dengue vaccine (tdv) is safe and immunogenic in adults and children in dengue-naïve populations. data are needed in dengue endemic populations. in a phase i, randomized, controlled, blind-observer study in the philippines, groups of participants aged 2-5, 6-11, 12-17, and 18-45 years received either three tdv vaccinations at months 0, 3.5, and 12 (tdv-tdv-tdv group) or licensed typhoid vaccination at month 0 and tdv at months 3.5 and 12 (tyvi-tdv-tdv gro ... | 2011 | 21477675 |
| partial protection against classical swine fever virus elicited by dendrimeric vaccine-candidate peptides in domestic pigs. | we report the immunogenicity of three dendrimeric peptide vaccine candidates for classical swine fever virus (csfv). each dendrimeric construct contained four copies of a b-cell epitope from the e2 glycoprotein of csfv [construct 1: e2 (694-712); 2: e2 (712-727); 3: e2 (829-842)] joined to a t-cell epitope from the ns3 protein (residues 1446-1460). intramuscular immunization of domestic pigs with the different constructs significantly reduced the clinical score after lethal challenge with csfv. ... | 2011 | 21496472 |
| hyperkinetic movement disorders associated with hiv and other viral infections. | viral infections of the central nervous system often result in a spectrum of movement disorders, ranging from slowness and rigidity to hyperkinetic movements such as chorea, ballism, dystonia, and myoclonus. the basal ganglia are especially susceptible to some viruses, because of their intrinsic neurotropism, a predilection of opportunistic infections for the deep gray matter of the brain, and possibly the mounting of an autoimmune response against basal ganglia antigens. viral encephalitides re ... | 2011 | 21496592 |
| inhibition of dengue virus through suppression of host pyrimidine biosynthesis. | viral replication relies on host to supply nucleosides. host enzymes involved in nucleoside biosynthesis are potential targets for antiviral development. ribavirin (a known antiviral drug) is such an inhibitor that suppresses guanine biosynthesis; depletion of intracellular gtp pool was shown to be the major mechanism to inhibit flavivirus. along a similar concept, inhibitors of pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway could be targeted for potential antiviral development. here we report a novel antivira ... | 2011 | 21507975 |
| cross protection against lethal west nile virus challenge in mice immunized with recombinant e protein domain iii of japanese encephalitis virus. | japanese encephalitis virus (jev) and west nile virus (wnv) are closely related mosquito-borne flaviviruses that cause severe encephalitic diseases with global impact. cross protection among jev and wnv has been previously described, and most cross reactive epitopes were identified within the domain ii of e protein (edii). in this study, the e protein domain iii (ediii) of jev was successfully expressed in escherichia coli, purified by a ni-nta column and characterized by western blotting assay. ... | 2011 | 21515306 |
| identification of a cryptic prokaryotic promoter within the cdna encoding the 5' end of dengue virus rna genome. | infectious cdna clones of rna viruses are important research tools, but flavivirus cdna clones have proven difficult to assemble and propagate in bacteria. this has been attributed to genetic instability and/or host cell toxicity, however the mechanism leading to these difficulties has not been fully elucidated. here we identify and characterize an efficient cryptic bacterial promoter in the cdna encoding the dengue virus (denv) 5' utr. following cryptic transcription in e. coli, protein express ... | 2011 | 21483867 |
| blood-feeding patterns of the culex pipiens complex in sacramento and yolo counties, california. | mosquitoes in the culex pipiens complex are competent vectors of west nile virus (wnv; family flaviviridae, genus flavivirus) in the laboratory, and field-collected mosquitoes have tested positive for the virus in california and elsewhere. a better understanding of cx. pipiens complex blood-feeding patterns will help define the threat that these mosquitoes pose to human health and their role in wnv amplification in northern california. we collected blood-engorged cx. pipiens complex mosquitoes f ... | 2011 | 21485380 |
| prevalence of antibodies to phleboviruses and flaviviruses in peja, kosovo. | clin microbiol infect 2011; 17: 1180-1182 abstract: in order to investigate the current and past activity of phlebovirus and flavivirus in kosovo, a seroprevalence study among 200 blood donors was performed. positive results were obtained for the phleboviruses tosv and sfnv, and for a flavivirus of the japanese encephalitis group. no positive results for tbev were observed. | 2011 | 21781206 |
| flavivirus ns4a-induced autophagy protects cells against death and enhances virus replication. | flaviviruses include the most prevalent and medically challenging viruses. persistent infection with flaviviruses of epithelial cells and hepatocytes that do not undergo cell death is common. here we report that, in epithelial cells, upregulation of autophagy following flavivirus infection markedly enhances virus replication, and that one flavivirus gene, ns4a, uniquely determines the upregulation of autophagy. dengue-2 and modoc (a murine flavivirus) kill primary murine macrophages but protect ... | 2011 | 21511946 |
| pathogenesis of japanese encephalitis virus infection in a golden hamster model and evaluation of flavivirus cross-protective immunity. | abstract. japanese encephalitis virus (jev) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus endemic to southeast asia and surrounding pacific islands, and it has most recently emerged in northern australia. jev is closely related to west nile virus (wnv) and st. louis encephalitis virus (slev), both endemic to the united states. in the event that jev is introduced into the americas, it will be important to determine whether immunity to wnv or slev might afford protection from infection and development of viremia ... | 2011 | 21540381 |
| expression of recombinant west nile virus prm protein fused to an affinity tag for use as a diagnostic antigen. | previous studies have concluded that the flavivirus prm protein is a suitable viral antigen to distinguish serologically between infections with closely related flaviviruses (cardosa et al., 2002). to express the recombinant west nile virus (wnv) prm antigen fused to a suitable affinity tag for purification, a series of prm-his-tag and prm-v5-tag fusion proteins were generated. analysis of the prm-his-tag fusion proteins revealed that either prm epitopes were disrupted or the his-tag was not pre ... | 2011 | 21545809 |
| dynamic rna structures in the dengue virus genome. | dengue virus is an important human pathogen that belongs to the flaviviridae family. the viral genome is a single molecule of rna of positive polarity that plays multiple roles during the viral life cycle. besides encoding the viral proteins, the genome contains rna structures that regulate different viral processes. an important feature of dengue and other flavivirus genomes is the presence of inverted complementary sequences at the ends of the molecule that mediate long-range rna-rna interacti ... | 2011 | 21593583 |
| a dna vaccine encoding the e protein of west nile virus is protective and can be boosted by recombinant domain diii. | west nile virus (wnv) is an emerging pathogenic flavivirus with increasing distribution worldwide. birds are the natural host of the virus, but also mammals, including humans, can be infected. in some cases, a wnv infection can be associated with severe neurological symptoms. all currently available wnv vaccines are in the veterinary sector, and there is a need to develop safe and effective immunization technologies, which can also be used in humans. an alternative to current vaccination methods ... | 2011 | 21596075 |
| emerging vector-borne flavivirus diseases: are vaccines the solution? | 2011 | 21604976 | |
| targeting c-type lectin for the treatment of flavivirus infections. | 2011 | 21618140 | |
| characterization of the replivax platform for replication-defective flavivirus vaccines. | replivax, a novel replication-defective vaccine platform has recently been described as a suitable means of generating potent vaccines targeting flaviviruses. in this study, we directly compared attenuation, immunogenicity and efficacy of several prototype replivax constructs to available, well characterized live attenuated (lav) and inactivated (inv) flavivirus vaccine controls in mice and hamsters. other important aspects of general mechanisms and properties of replivax vaccines were also stud ... | 2011 | 21620917 |
| recommendations for use of a booster dose of inactivated vero cell culture-derived japanese encephalitis vaccine --- advisory committee on immunization practices, 2011. | japanese encephalitis (je) virus, a mosquito-borne flavivirus, is an important cause of encephalitis in asia with a case fatality rate of 20%--30% and neurologic or psychiatric sequelae in 30%--50% of survivors (1). travelers to je-endemic countries and laboratory personnel who work with infectious je virus are at potential risk for je virus infection. in 2010, cdc's advisory committee on immunization practices (acip) updated recommendations for prevention of je. the updated recommendations incl ... | 2011 | 21617632 |
| yellow fever virus envelope protein expressed in insect cells is capable of syncytium formation in lepidopteran cells and could be used for immunodetection of yfv in human sera. | abstract: background: yellow fever is an haemorrhagic disease caused by a virus that belongs to the genus flavivirus (flaviviridae family) and is transmitted by mosquitoes. among the viral proteins, the envelope protein (e) is the most studied one, due to its high antigenic potencial. baculovirus are one of the most popular and efficient eukaryotic expression system. in this study a recombinant baculovirus (vsynyfe) containing the envelope gene (env) of the 17d vaccine strain of yellow fever vir ... | 2011 | 21619598 |
| mutational analysis of the zippering reaction during flavivirus membrane fusion. | the current model of flavivirus membrane fusion is based on atomic structures of truncated forms of the viral fusion protein e in its dimeric prefusion and trimeric postfusion conformations. these structures lack the two transmembrane domains (tmds) of e as well as the so-called stem, believed to be involved in an intra- and intermolecular zippering reaction within the e trimer during the fusion process. in order to gain experimental evidence for the functional role of the stem in flavivirus mem ... | 2011 | 21697495 |
| a single amino acid in nonstructural ns4b protein confers virulence to dengue virus in ag129 mice through enhancement of viral rna synthesis. | dengue (den) is a mosquito borne viral disease which has become an increasing economic and health burden for the tropical and subtropical world. the lack of an appropriate animal model of den has greatly impeded pathogenesis study and vaccine/antiviral development. we recently reported a den virus (denv)-2 strain (d2y98p) that lethally infects immunocompromised ag129 mice, resulting in organ damage or dysfunction, and increased vascular permeability, hallmarks of severe den in patients. here we ... | 2011 | 21632767 |