Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| schizophrenia, rheumatoid arthritis and natural resistance genes. | the strong negative correlation between schizophrenia and rheumatoid arthritis might provide clues as to the aetiology of these two diseases. an immunological explanation has been sought in the hla sector of the major histocompatibility complex, which has been shown to have a role in the development of rheumatoid arthritis. the search for an association between schizophrenia and hla haplotypes, however, has yielded only controversial results. nevertheless, an autoimmune aetiology is still suspec ... | 1997 | 9264173 |
| expression of the dengue virus structural proteins in pichia pastoris leads to the generation of virus-like particles. | we have expressed cdna encoding the dengue virus structural proteins in pichia pastoris by chromosomal integration of an expression cassette containing the dengue virus structural genes (cprme). the yeast recombinant e protein migrated during sds-page as a 65 kda protein when analysed by western blotting and radioimmunoprecipitation, which is the expected molecular mass for correctly processed and glycosylated e protein. treatment with endoglycosidases showed that the recombinant e protein was m ... | 1997 | 9266980 |
| expression of immunoglobulin superfamily cell adhesion molecules on murine embryonic stem cells. | the expression of cell adhesion molecules of the ig superfamily (ig-cam) were examined on embryonic stem (es) cells during culture in vitro. es cells maintained an undifferentiated phenotype when cultured in the presence of leukemia inhibitory factor (lif) or with fibroblast feeder cells; > 90% of cells reacted positively to an antibody (ecma-7) that marks undifferentiated es cells. using flow cytometry, high concentrations of icam-1, vcam-1, and ncam antigens were detected on undifferentiated e ... | 1997 | 9282991 |
| virus isolation from wild-caught mosquitoes during a japanese encephalitis outbreak in kerala in 1996. | out of 5357 wild-caught mosquitoes in 163 pools tested for virus using antigen capture elisa and an insect-bioassay (inoculation into toxorhynchites splendens larvae and identification by ifa using je virus-specific monoclonal antibody), 16 flavivirus isolations were made of which 12 (75%) were identified as je virus. of the 12 je virus isolations, 7 were from culex tritaeniorhynchus, 3 from mansonia uniformis and 1 each from ma. indiana and anopheles subpictus. four isolations from mansonia spe ... | 1997 | 9248207 |
| molecular virology of hepatitis c virus. | 1997 | 9349458 | |
| transmission of gbv-c/hgv from drug-addicted mothers to their babies. | in 1995, a new flavivirus, gbv-c/hgv was identified. little information is available on the clinical manifestations and epidemiology of gbv-c/hgv infection. we investigated the risk of mother-to-infant transmission in a group of gbv-c/hgv rna positive women and followed up the gbv-c/hgv infected babies. | 1997 | 9252078 |
| internal proteolysis of the ns3 protein specified by dengue virus 2. | the ns3 protein of flaviviruses is a multifunctional polypeptide required for virus replication. enzymic activities that have been demonstrated or predicted from the presence of sequence motifs include protease, ntpase, helicase and rna triphosphatase. both full-length and truncated forms of ns3 have been identified in infected cells. to examine internal cleavage of the ns3 protein of dengue virus 2 (den-2), infected cells or cos cells transfected with cdna encoding ns2b/3 were radiolabelled and ... | 1997 | 9018055 |
| poxvirus-based japanese encephalitis vaccine candidates induce je virus-specific cd8+ cytotoxic t lymphocytes in mice. | recombinant japanese encephalitis (je) vaccine candidates based on a highly attenuated vaccinia virus (nyvac-jev) and a canarypox virus (alvac-jev) were evaluated for their ability to induce specific antibodies and cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctls) in mice. six- to eight-week-old male balb/c mice that received one or two intraperitoneal inoculations with these je vaccine candidates at a dose of 1 x 10(7) pfu per mouse produced neutralizing antibody and antibodies to the envelope (e) and nonstructur ... | 1997 | 9018134 |
| genetic analysis of the yellow fever virus ns1 protein: identification of a temperature-sensitive mutation which blocks rna accumulation. | the flavivirus ns1 protein is a highly conserved nonstructural glycoprotein that is capable of eliciting protective immunity. ns1 homodimers are secreted from virus-infected mammalian cells, but the protein is also present at the plasma membrane and in the lumen of intracellular vesicles. based on these properties, it has been speculated that ns1 may function in virus maturation or release. to gain further insight into ns1 function, we used clustered charged-amino-acid-to-alanine mutagenesis to ... | 1997 | 8985349 |
| purification and characterization of the ns3 serine protease domain of hepatitis c virus expressed in saccharomyces cerevisiae. | cdna encoding the putative core of the hepatitis c virus ns3 serine protease domain (residues 1-181 of ns3; ns3 (181)) was expressed as an n-terminally (his)6-tagged fusion protein in saccharomyces cerevisiae. ns3 (181) protease activity was found in soluble cell lysates, and the n-terminal metal-chelating domain facilitated the efficient purification of active enzyme, using immobilized metal affinity chromatography. the purified ns3(181), protease activity was characterized by assaying the tran ... | 1997 | 9010283 |
| genetic diversity between hepatitis g virus isolates: analysis of nucleotide variation in the ns-3 and putative 'core' peptide genes. | significant variation was found, between 46 isolates of hepatitis g virus (hgv), following direct sequencing of subgenomic pcr fragments from either or both the ns-3 and putative 'core' peptide. nucleotide sequences of most hgv ns-3 fragments varied by 10-30% and of most putative 'core' peptide fragments by 2-20%. hgv was therefore shown to be much less variable than hepatitis c virus (hcv) and pairwise comparisons of hgv sequences demonstrated a single distinct distribution of evolutionary dist ... | 1997 | 9010285 |
| sequence analyses of ns3 genes of recent pakistan and singapore strains of dengue virus types 1 and 2. | 1997 | 9017828 | |
| detection of antibodies to a putative hepatitis g virus envelope protein. | a flavivirus designated hepatitis g virus (hgv) has been isolated from the serum of patients with non-a-e hepatitis. hitherto, the presence of hgv rna in serum has been detected with the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) amplification method. we have now developed an immunoassay for antibodies against an hgv protein. | 1997 | 9024375 |
| [hepatitis c--clinical aspects, diagnosis and therapy]. | hepatitis c is caused by a flavivirus measuring 30 to 60 nm in diameter which in germany has an incidence of 0.4 to 0.7% among the general population. transmission is largely hematogenous and high-risk groups include needle-using drug addicts, hemophiliacs, and patients on dialysis. the diagnosis is based on the detection of hepatitis c antibodies, hcv-rns pcr and histological findings. the symptoms are mild and the chronification rate may by as high as 80%. the treatment of choice is alpha inte ... | 1997 | 9102384 |
| dengue virus infectivity depends on envelope protein binding to target cell heparan sulfate. | dengue virus is a human pathogen that has reemerged as an increasingly important public health threat. we found that the cellular receptor utilized by dengue envelope protein to bind to target cells is a highly sulfated type of heparan sulfate. heparin, highly sulfated heparan sulfate, and the polysulfonate pharmaceutical suramin effectively prevented dengue virus infection of target cells, indicating that the envelope protein-target cell receptor interaction is a critical determinant of infecti ... | 1997 | 9256277 |
| a 45,000-m(r) glycoprotein in the sendai virus envelope triggers virus-cell fusion. | sendai virus envelopes devoid of hemagglutinin-neuraminidase but containing the fusion protein (f-virosomes) were prepared. f-virosomes exhibited discernible serine protease activity at neutral ph. electrophoretic analysis of the protein profile of the f-virosomes under nonreducing conditions, by both sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing, led to the identification of a previously unknown glycoprotein with a relative molecular weight of 45,000 (45k pr ... | 1997 | 9261357 |
| application of an immunoperoxidase monolayer assay for the detection of arboviral antibodies. | an immunoperoxidase monolayer assay (ipma) was adapted for the detection of antibodies to six arboviruses: three viruses within the flavivirus group (dengue 2, west nile (wn) and yellow fever) and three in the phlebovirus group (rift valley fever (rvf), sandfly fever naples and sandfly fever sicilian). antibody titers of homologous hyper-immune mouse ascitic fluid (hmaf) measured by ipma were two to eight-fold less than those determined by elisa. in tests with heterologous hmaf, cross-reactions ... | 1997 | 9186937 |
| current status of hepatitis g virus (gbv-c) in transfusion: is it relevant? | a new flavivirus, provisionally designated hepatitis g virus or gbv-c has recently been described. the virus is parenterally transmitted by exposure to blood through transfusion, intravenous drug use and haemodialysis. heat- or chemically-treated blood products are associated with reduced risk of infection. the virus may also be transmitted from mother to infant and by the sexual route. although hepatitis g virus has been detected in patients with acute and chronic hepatitis, a causative role of ... | 1997 | 9304773 |
| availability of a second upstream aug can completely overcome inhibition of protein synthesis initiation engendered by mrna secondary structure encompassing the start codon. | secondary structure analysis of the mrna from a nonproductive construct carrying the nonstructural gene 3 (ns3) of japanese encephalitis virus revealed the presence of a potential 28 nucleotide long stem and loop beginning with the guanine of the initiation codon aug that had a calculated stabilization energy of -13 kcal/mol (delta gfzero). provision of an additional aug along with three codons upstream resulted in complete relief of inhibition. n-terminal amino acid sequence of the recombinant ... | 1997 | 9322762 |
| the sensitive detection and quantitation of antibody to hcv by using a microsphere-based immunoassay and flow cytometry. | antibody to hcv core and ns3 was quantified by using a microsphere immunoassay and flow cytometry. antibody to core and ns3 was elevated in the 85 seropositive blood donors tested. the amount of either antibody varied over two logs although greater variation was seen with the antibody to ns3 than was seen with antibody to core. in three documented acute hcv cases, the microsphere assay detected antibody prior to antibody detection using the reference methods. twenty donor samples were indetermin ... | 1997 | 9332816 |
| [secretion of tick-borne encephalitis virus glycoproteins e and ns1 heterocomplex in the late stage of infection]. | the heterocomplex of glycoproteins e and ns1 of tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) virus was isolated from culture fluid of continuous spev (porcine embryo kidney) cells by affinity chromatography on cl4b sepharose with immobilized monoclonal antibodies to tbe virus protein ns1. comparison of the tbe e-ns1 heterocomplex from culture fluid and cells showed the predominance of secreted extracellular form. a similar tbe virus heterocomplex e-ns1 was revealed in the blood sera of patients with tbe but no ... | 1997 | 9304300 |
| the molecular basis of virulence of the encephalitogenic flaviviruses. | 1997 | 9367356 | |
| analysis of a recombinant dengue-2 virus-dengue-3 virus hybrid envelope protein expressed in a secretory baculovirus system. | in a step towards a tetravalent dengue virus subunit vaccine which is economical to produce, highly immunogenic and stable, a hybrid dengue virus envelope (e) protein molecule has been constructed. it consists of 36 amino acids from the membrane protein, the n-terminal 288 amino acids of the dengue-2 virus e protein plus amino acids 289-424 of the dengue-3 virus e protein. it has been engineered for secretory expression by fusion to a mellitin secretory signal sequence and truncation of the hydr ... | 1997 | 9367357 |
| early e-selectin, vcam-1, icam-1, and late major histocompatibility complex antigen induction on human endothelial cells by flavivirus and comodulation of adhesion molecule expression by immune cytokines. | expression of e-selectin (elam-1, cd62e) on human umbilical vein endothelial cells significantly increased 30 min postinfection with the flavivirus west nile virus (wnv), was maximal by 2 h postinfection, and declined to baseline levels within 24 h. expression of icam-1 (cd54) and vcam-1 (cd106) was significantly increased by 2 h and maximal at 4 h after infection. p-selectin (cd62p) expression was unaffected by wnv. upregulation occurred earlier than that caused by tumor necrosis factor alpha ( ... | 1997 | 9371591 |
| naked dna vaccines expressing the prm and e genes of russian spring summer encephalitis virus and central european encephalitis virus protect mice from homologous and heterologous challenge. | naked dna vaccines expressing the prm and e genes of two tick-borne flaviviruses, russian spring summer encephalitis (rsse) virus and central european encephalitis (cee) virus were evaluated in mice. the vaccines were administered by particle bombardment of dna-coated gold beads by accell gene gun inoculation. two immunizations of 0.5 to 1 microg of rsse or cee constructs/dose, delivered at 4-week intervals, elicited cross-reactive antibodies detectable by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and h ... | 1997 | 9371620 |
| trans-complementation of yellow fever virus ns1 reveals a role in early rna replication. | mutational analysis of the nonstructural protein 1 (ns1) of yellow fever virus (yf) has implicated it in viral rna replication. to further explore this observation, we sought a method for uncoupling ns1 function from ns1 expression and processing as part of the large yf polyprotein. here we describe a strategy for providing ns1 in trans, utilizing a noncytopathic sindbis virus vector. replication of a defective yf genome containing a large in-frame deletion of ns1 was dependent on functional exp ... | 1997 | 9371625 |
| capillary electrophoresis for purity estimation and in-process testing of recombinant gb virus-c proteins. | protein purity estimation by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) coupled with scanning densitometry is a critical component in the manufacture of recombinant proteins for commercial diagnostic assays. however, the procedure is time consuming and often difficult to reproduce because commercial dyes that are used for visualizing proteins do not bind in a stoichiometric fashion for all proteins. the present report describes the use of a rapid and dye-independent sds ... | 1997 | 9384714 |
| cotranslational membrane insertion of the serine proteinase precursor ns2b-ns3(pro) of dengue virus type 2 is required for efficient in vitro processing and is mediated through the hydrophobic regions of ns2b. | polyprotein processing of dengue virus type 2, a positive strand rna virus, is carried out by the host signal peptidase and a novel two-component viral proteinase of the serine proteinase family, ns2b/ns3(pro), in the endoplasmic reticulum. using an in vitro processing system, we examined the cis and trans cleavages of the 2b/3 and 4b/5 sites by ns2b/ns3(pro), respectively. lysates of bhk-21 cells coexpressing ns2b and ns3(pro) mediated trans cleavage of the 4b/5 site in vitro, and the protease ... | 1997 | 9388208 |
| detection of tick-borne encephalitis virus by sample transfer, plaque assay and strand-specific reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction: what do we detect? | experimental inoculation of mice provides a well characterized model for studying infection with tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev), a flavivirus pathogenic for humans. conflicting data on the kinetics of viremia and the development of virus titers in the brain, however, were only recently shown to have resulted from the use of assay systems with different levels of sensitivity in the titration of tbev, i.e. plaque assay or sample transfer into naive recipient mice. theoretically, rt-pcr could ... | 1997 | 9395135 |
| hepatitis g virus infection before and after liver transplantation. liver transplantation database. | the hepatitis g virus is a newly discovered flavivirus that has been linked to acute and chronic hepatitis of unknown cause. we determined the prevalence of hepatitis g virus infection in 179 selected patients undergoing liver transplantation at three centers participating in the national institute of diabetes and digestive and kidney diseases (niddk) liver transplantation database. pretransplantation and posttransplantation specimens were tested for hepatitis g virus rna by polymerase chain rea ... | 1997 | 9404956 |
| antibodies protect mice against challenge with tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev)-infected macrophages. | tbev is a flavivirus highly pathogenic for humans. by transfer of antibodies directed to the tbev surface glycoprotein e into mice, immune protection against subsequent inoculation with free tbev particles could be achieved. after natural tbev infection via the skin, however, cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage were recently demonstrated to represent an important source of local virus replication before viraemia occurs. whether antibodies can protect against virus challenge when contracted ... | 1997 | 9409636 |
| [hepatitis gbv isolated in acute liver failure. successful outcome after liver transplantation]. | fulminant hepatic failure is a life-threatening condition associated with a mortality of approximately 80 per cent. liver transplantation may be the only life-saving recourse in such cases. the condition can be caused by any of a number of different agencies such as viral infection, or toxic, circulatory or metabolic factors, though in a large proportion of cases the aetiology is unknown. recently, knowledge has accumulated of a new hepatitis virus, hepatitis gb virus (hgbv), a flavivirus remote ... | 1997 | 9411092 |
| first record in america of aedes albopictus naturally infected with dengue virus during the 1995 outbreak at reynosa, mexico. | mosquito collections were conducted during a dengue outbreak in reynosa, tamaulipas, mexico, july-december 1995. a total of 6694 adult mosquitoes (four genera and nine species) were captured, of which 2986 (78.3% females and 21.7% males) were aedes albopictus and 2339 (39.7% females and 60.3% males) were ae.aegypti. these two species comprised 84.2% of the total collection. specimens were grouped into pools, nearly 50% of them processed for detection of virus by cythopathic effect in c6-36 and v ... | 1997 | 9430106 |
| vertical transmission of dengue. | dengue, an important mosquito-borne flavivirus infection, is endemic in southeast asia. we describe two mothers who had acute dengue 4 and 8 days before the births of their infants. one mother had worsening of her proteinuric pregnancy-induced hypertension, liver dysfunction, and coagulopathy and required multiple transfusions of whole blood, platelets, and fresh frozen plasma. her male infant was ill at birth, developed respiratory distress and a large uncontrollable left intracerebral hemorrha ... | 1997 | 9431381 |
| characterisation of an hcv ns3/ns4a proteinase fusion protein expressed in e.coli using synthetic peptide substrates. | 1997 | 9450052 | |
| amgen hangs hopes on hepatitis c. | 1997 | 9415879 | |
| [cross reactions of patients with acute dengue fever to tick-borne encephalitis]. | sera from 20 patients with acute dengue fever were tested on their cross reactivities to other flaviviruses, especially against tick-borne encephalitis (tbe). one of the test systems used, indirect immunofluorescence (iift), was shown to exhibit strong cross reactivity. the reactivity pattern of sera from patients with pre-existing vaccine-induced antibodies against tbe or yellow fever was found similar to dengue secondary antibody response. in plaque reduction neutralization tests (prnt) no cro ... | 1997 | 9471844 |
| analysis of the structure and folding of the 3' genomic rna of flaviviruses. | the structure of the 3' genomic rna of flaviviruses has been analyzed by thermal melting, and by chemical and enzymatic probing of model rnas. the 3' rna had more transitions than could be assigned to individual stem-loops and a transition in the 40-45 degrees c range was assigned to tertiary structure unfolding. in support of this assignment, mutants designed to destabilize the proposed pseudoknot tertiary structure lose the 40-45 degrees c transition. enzyme cleavage of the rna and chemical pr ... | 1997 | 9478204 |
| [arbovirus infections. from virus, mosquitoes, animals and humans]. | arboviruses occur throughout the world in plants and animals: reptiles, birds and mammals including man. these relatively recent rna-containing viruses have great evolutionary potential and are a major cause of epidemics. arboviruses exhibit a dual life cycle involving continual transmission to and from the vertebrate host and arthropod vector which ingests or inoculates the agent during blood meals. agents belong to many different viral families and represent an important source of emerging dis ... | 1997 | 9513176 |
| comparison of elisa and hi for detection of antibodies against wesselsbron disease virus. | a two-graph receiver operating characteristic analysis was done to determine the optimal cut-off value of an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for detection of antibodies to wesselsbron disease (wsl) virus. when elisa and haemagglutination-inhibition (hi) results of wsl-positive and wsl-negative control sheep sera were compared, the sensitivity of elisa was 97.9% and that of hi, 87.5%, while the specificity of elisa and hi were 95.7% and 100%, respectively. the elisa's superior ... | 1997 | 9551475 |
| ilheus virus (flaviviridae, flavivirus) is closely related to japanese encephalitis virus complex. | the ilheus (ilh) virus has long been known to belong to group b of the arboviruses. previous attempts to relate it to existing serogroups within the flavivirus genus using conventional serological techniques such as hemagglutination inhibition, neutralization and complement fixation tests have been inconclusive. we have first used denaturing gel electrophoresis to estimate the molecular weight of immunoprecipitated radiolabeled viral proteins and the cross-reactivity among ilh proteins and hyper ... | 1997 | 9612722 |
| the epidemiology of louping-ill, a tick borne infection of red grouse (lagopus lagopus scoticus). | the epidemiology of louping-ill in red grouse was studied in northern britain concentrating on the possible role of other species and mechanisms of disease persistence. this tick borne viral disease caused heavy mortality in red grouse, particularly chicks. louping-ill induced mortality reduced the strength of the density dependence that generates the tendency of grouse populations to cycle and in some populations may cause population sinks. four routes of transmission were examined and non-vira ... | 1997 | 9802086 |
| specific rna aptamers to ns3 protease domain of hepatitis c virus. | in order to isolate rna aptamers that bind specifically to ns3 protease domain (delta ns3) of hepatitis c virus, we carried out in vitro selection procedure using rna pool that had 30 n random core region. after repeating nine cycles of selections and amplifications, a pool of rnas that bind specifically to the delta ns3 were selected. a comparative analysis of 45 clones that were isolated from 9th cycle revealed three main classes that contain the conserved loop sequences ganugggac. moreover, t ... | 1997 | 9586087 |
| human disease caused by an arbovirus closely related to ilheus virus: report of five cases. | we report five cases of human disease caused by arbovirus in 5 patients from the state of são paulo, brazil, residing in the municipalities of osasco, atibaia, guarujá, and the capital são paulo, respectively. one of the patients resides in são luis, capital of the state of maranhão. the sites of infection probably were the states of paraná and goiás, both in cave regions, the state of amazonas, and rondônia in two cases. laboratory tests for malaria were negative and 1 patient showed a positive ... | 1997 | 9612726 |
| gb virus c/hepatitis g virus (gbv-c/hgv) infection in chiang mai, thailand, and identification of variants on the basis of 5'-untranslated region sequences. | by using reverse transcription and pcr for ns3 and 5'-untranslated regions (5'utr) of the viral genome, prevalence of gb virus c/hepatitis g virus (gbv-c/hgv) infection in chiang mai, thailand, was studied. high prevalence of gbv-c/hgv infection was observed among intravenous drug users (32%) and hemodialyzed patients (25%). the prevalence was also considerably high among patients with chronic liver disease, such as chronic hepatitis (9%), liver cirrhosis (12%) and hepatocellular carcinoma (10%) ... | 1997 | 9672605 |
| studies on the serological cross-reaction between dengue and japanese encephalitis. | antibody responses of sero-confirmed flavivirus-infected patients were investigated by hemagglutination-inhibition (hi) tests against acute phase sera (s1) and convalescent phase sera (s2) using je virus (jev) jagar# 01 strain antigen (j-ag) and dengue virus (dv) type 1 hawaiian strain antigen (d-ag). analysis of the test results showed that depending on the combinations of hi responses to both antigens, the sero-confirmed patients could be divided into five classes: primary je, secondary je, pr ... | 1997 | 10592825 |
| [detection of flaviviruses by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction with universal primer set]. | for the purpose of early and rapid diagnosis of flavivirus infection, the universal primer set was selected on the ns1 gene. another five different internal primers were selected on the ns1 genes of den1, 2, 3, 4 and jev. with the universal primer set designed, the ns1 fragment about the size of 413 bp and with the five internal primers, the ns1 fragments about the sizes of 262 bp (den1), 189 bp (den2), 392 bp (den3), 97 bp (den4) and 323 bp (jev) were amplified respectively. the reverse transcr ... | 1997 | 15617345 |
| [the cloning and sequence analysis of cdna of the partial e genomic region of dengue type 4 virus from a chinese patient]. | the partial envelope (e) protein gene of dengue virus type 4 (dv4), derived from the serum of a patient with dengue fever in an epidemic during october 1993 in guangdong province of china, was cloned and sequenced. dv rna was converted to cdna by reverse transcription with random primers before the polymerase chain reaction using dv4 specific primers was performed. the amplified product of 421bp was subsequently filled in 3' recessed ends, isolated, purified and inserted into puc18 and puc19 pla ... | 1997 | 15619909 |
| [new hepatitis viruses] | serum obtained from a surgeon (with the initials gb) with acute icteric hepatitis, permited the passages of two virus to tamarins; furthermore was possible to detect anti-bodies against the putative epitope of this viruses, designed gbv-a and gbv-b in several human populations; many years after that two different researchers teams identified a new virus gbv-c or hvg, based on very similar aminoacid sequence of both.the role of gb-viruses and hepatitis g virus in human pathology is not completely ... | 1997 | 12221439 |
| [cloning and sequencing of cdna in ns3 region of chinese hepatitis g virus isolated from henan province]. | to study the genetic characteristics of non-structural region 3 of hgv in china, a hgv-rna positive sample was collected from henan. hgv rna was extracted and amplified by rt-nested-pcr. we got four overlap fragments and they were cloned into plasmid vector pcdna ii. the cdna was sequenced by the sanger's method. nucleotide homology between henan strain and other reported hgv isolates (pnf2161, r10291, gbv-c) was 85.7% to 93.8% over the 2137 nucleotides examined. comparison of amino acid sequenc ... | 1998 | 12515161 |
| [detection of hepatitis g virus infection among clinical patients with hepatitis/liver diseases in china by reverse transcription-nested polymerase chain reaction]. | according to two highly conserved genome sequences within the helicase(ns3) region and 5'-uncoding(5' utr) region, we designed two sets of primer pairs to detect hgv rna by rt-nested pcr in order to study hgv infection in chinese population. three hundred and fifty-four serum specimens of various liver diseases were collected from beijing, qin huangdao and henan areas. seventy-nine out of 354(22.3%) specimens were hgv rna positive. among 254 known clinical hepatitis/liver disease samples, 50(19. ... | 1998 | 12515201 |
| [identification of hepatitis c or/and g virus rna in one tube by reverse transcription nested polymerase chain reaction]. | hepatitis c and g viruses belong to the flaviviridae family. they have similar modes of transmission. the dual infection of hgv and hcv were reported. a simultaneous detection for hcv or/and hgv was established by reverse transcription nested polymerase chain reaction(rt-nested pcr). the primers were derived from the 5' non-coding region of hcv and ns3 region of hgv, and the length of the pcr product was between 170 bp and 300 bp. rt-nested pcr can be finished in one test tube and hgv and/or hcv ... | 1998 | 12515202 |
| [sequencing and analysis of the ns5 region of hgv/gbv-c gene]. | to study the genomic organization of non structural region 5 of hgv in china, 186 nucleotides of ns5 region of hgv were amplified, cloned and sequenced. the data were analyzed with computer programs. the results indicated that the gene sequence homology between 2 hgv isolates in this study was 95.2%. the comparison of these 2 isolates and 3 foreign isolates reported previously showed that the sequence homology was in the range of 84.4% to 92.4%, and was obvious by divergent from the foreign isol ... | 1998 | 12526350 |
| [detection of hgv ns5 antigen in liver tissue of patients with chronic liver disease]. | to investigate the existence of hepatitis g virus (hgv) in liver tissue. | 1998 | 11038810 |
| affinity labelling of the tick-borne encephalitis virus rna replicase proteins by 4-n-exo-base-substituted photoreactive ctp analogs. | 4-n-exo-base-substituted photoreactive analogs of ctp were designed and synthesized. two flavivirus proteins ns5 and ns3 are shown to be labelled after rna synthesis in the presence of the analogs, irradiation by uv-light (313 nm) and subsequent [alpha-32p]ntp incorporation. | 1998 | 9871542 |
| japanese encephalitis. | 1998 | 9876271 | |
| localizations of ns3 and e proteins in mouse brain infected with mutant strain of japanese encephalitis virus. | infection with a mutant japanese encephalitis virus (jev) strain rp-2ms showed reduced neurovirulence than wild type or rp-9 strains after inoculation in balb/c mice. however, higher intracellular viral titer was detected in rp-2ms infected cultured cells. localizations of non-structural 3 (ns3) and envelope (e) proteins were demonstrated by immunocytochemistry. ns3 protein was primarily found in the pyramidal neurons in cerebrum, in the molecular and granular layers of cerebellum. neither e nor ... | 1998 | 9930192 |
| antigenic relatedness of selected flaviviruses: study with homologous and heterologous immune mouse ascitic fluids. | the antigenic relationship of 9 flaviviruses, yellow fever (yf), wesselsbron (wsl), uganda s (ugs), potiskum (pot), west nile (wn), banzi (ban), zika (zk), dengue type 1 (den-1) and dengue type 2 (den-2), was assessed by cross-haemagglutination-inhibition (cross-hi) and cross-complement fixation (cross-cf) reactions between each of the viruses and their homologous immune mouse ascitic fluids. titre ratios were calculated using the heterologous and homologous titres. cross-cf reactions revealed w ... | 1998 | 10436653 |
| [molecular biology of dengue virus]. | in venezuela the problem of dengue infection has become worst during the last decade, turning the country into an hyperendemic region where three of the four serotypes co-circulate. the dengue has become a problem of public health, so the knowledge of the virus, its life cycle and characteristics, as well as the different aspects related with its biology are extremely important to fight the virus and for the develop of a vaccine. in a general way, the present work describes different aspects rel ... | 1998 | 10030047 |
| [study of the antigenic structure of tick-borne encephalitis virus using synthetic peptides]. | a number of peptides, fragments of the envelope protein e of the tick-borne encephalitis virus (sofjin strain), were synthesized. their binding to the polyclonal antiserum to protein e was studied. rats were immunized with both the free peptides and their klh-conjugates, and the resulting antisera were tested for their reactivity toward protein e and for their neutralizing activity toward the virus in cell culture. the only peptide corresponding to the 98-113 sequence of protein e was shown to b ... | 1998 | 10335405 |
| response to je vaccine among hiv-infected children, bangkok, thailand. | since 1990, japanese encephalitis (je) vaccine has been part of epi in northern thailand, where there is a high prevalence of je and hiv infection. to evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of je vaccine among hiv-infected children, we conducted a retrospective study of hiv-infected and uninfected children who received 2 doses of je vaccine at 12 months of age. pre- and post-immunization plasma specimens were tested by plaque reduction neutralization for antibody levels to je and dengue(1-4) vir ... | 1998 | 10437937 |
| targets for inhibition of hepatitis c virus replication. | considerable progress has been made in characterizing the proteins involved in hepatitis c virus (hcv) replication, despite the lack of a cell culture system. a number of systems have been developed to examine the processes involved in viral replication, including the initiation and processing of the viral proteins required for rna replication, the unwinding activities of the rna helicase and the synthesis of rna by the viral polymerase. these processes have been examined using individually clon ... | 1998 | 10726058 |
| the hepatitis c virus ns3 proteinase: structure and function of a zinc-containing serine proteinase. | the hepatitis c virus (hcv) ns3 protein contains a serine proteinase domain implicated in the maturation of the viral polyprotein. ns3 forms a stable heterodimer with ns4a, a viral membrane protein that acts as an activator of the ns3 proteinase. the three-dimensional structure of the ns3 proteinase complexed with an ns4a-derived peptide has been determined. the ns3 proteinase adopts a chymotrypsin-like fold. a beta-strand contributed by ns4a is clamped between two beta-strands within the n term ... | 1998 | 10726060 |
| vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis virus, a flavivirus, prevents disease but not infection, although viremia is undetectable. | by adoptive transfer of sera or immunoglobulin preparations, vaccine-induced protection against tbev has been demonstrated to be mediated by antibodies to the surface protein of tbev, glycoprotein e. nevertheless, the mechanism of vaccine-induced protection against tbev remains unclear. protection by e antibodies without in vitro neutralization was shown by one group, whereas others found a correlation between protection in vivo and neutralization in vitro. here, the authors confirm in a mouse m ... | 1998 | 9682362 |
| low prevalence of hepatitis g virus antibodies in glomerular diseases. | a possible agent for human non-a-e hepatitis has been identified and named hepatitis g virus (hgv). hgv is also a flavivirus, and the clinical characteristics and risk factors of hgv infection may be similar to those of hepatitis c virus infection. hepatitis c virus infection may manifest as a primary glomerulonephritis. the aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of serum hgv rna in 98 adult patients with biopsy-proven glomerular diseases. we found that only 3 patients (3%) out of 98 wi ... | 1998 | 9689165 |
| trans-complementation of flavivirus rna polymerase gene ns5 by using kunjin virus replicon-expressing bhk cells. | a bhk cell line persistently expressing a kunjin (kun) virus replicon rna (repbhk, similar to our recently described me/76neo bhk cell line [a. a. khromykh and e. g. westaway, j. virol. 71:1497-1505, 1997]) was used for rescue and propagation of kun viruses defective in the rna polymerase gene (ns5). a new infectious full-length kun virus cdna clone, flsdx, prepared from our previously described cdna clone pakun (a. a. khromykh and e. g. westaway, j. virol. 68:4580-4588, 1994) and possessing app ... | 1998 | 9696822 |
| [studying the possibility of respiratory immunization against tick-borne encephalitis]. | there are known 3 likely mechanisms of virus conveyance into the central nervous system (cns). these include hematogenic penetration, spread along the peripheral nerves, and the olfactory pathway which begins from the infected olfactory neuroepithelial cells. the possibility of viral spread into cns via the olfactory pathway was shown for the representatives of togaviruses, herpesviruses, coronaviruses, rhabdoviruses, and for some others. this study suggests that the olfactory pathway of viral c ... | 1998 | 9633235 |
| yellow fever 17d vaccine virus isolated from healthy vaccinees accumulates very few mutations. | the live attenuated yellow fever (yf) vaccine strain 17d is one of the safest vaccines in use today with only 22 cases of reversion to virulence documented from over 300 million doses administered. we have isolated virus in cell culture from sera of six volunteers who received 17d vaccine and found that very few nucleotide mutations were detected in the consensus sequence of the entire genome of each of the serum viruses. moreover, most of these mutations accumulated in the non-structural protei ... | 1998 | 9712515 |
| establishment and characterization of japanese encephalitis virus-specific, human cd4(+) t-cell clones: flavivirus cross-reactivity, protein recognition, and cytotoxic activity. | we analyzed the cd4(+) t-lymphocyte responses of two donors who had received japanese encephalitis virus (jev) vaccine 6 or 12 months earlier. bulk culture proliferation assays showed that peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) responded to jev antigens (ag) but also responded at lower levels to west nile virus (wnv) and dengue virus type 1, 2, and 4 (d1v, d2v, and d4v, respectively) ag. five jev-specific cd4(+) human t-cell clones and one subclone were established from pbmc of these two dono ... | 1998 | 9733842 |
| design of selective eglin inhibitors of hcv ns3 proteinase. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection is a major health problem that leads to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in a substantial number of infected individuals, estimated to be 100-200 million worldwide. unfortunately, immunotherapy or other effective treatments for hcv infection are not yet available, and interferon administration has limited efficacy. different approaches to hcv therapy are being explored, and these include inhibition of the viral proteinase, helicase, and rna-dependent rna p ... | 1998 | 9708981 |
| evaluation of an igm immunoblot kit for dengue diagnosis. | a commercial igm immunoblot kit was evaluated for dengue diagnosis with a panel of serum specimens collected from patients in a dengue endemic area. the kit is not recommended for use in its present form because of its undesirable rate of false-positive results. however, by substituting internal controls with the reference positive and negative controls that are more representative of those seen in endemic areas and by modifying the positive and negative scoring criteria, sensitivity and specifi ... | 1998 | 9840593 |
| an advisory committee statement (acs). committee to advise on tropical medicine and travel (catmat). statement on japanese encephalitis vaccine. | 1998 | 9735509 | |
| prevalence of hepatitis g-virus infection in alcohol abusing patients with and without liver cirrhosis. | hepatitis g (gbv-c/hgv) is an rna-virus belonging to the flavivirus family and is capable of inducing hepatitis in rare cases. its importance as a co-factor in the pathogenesis of liver disease needs to be clarified. | 1998 | 9823622 |
| detection in chimpanzees of a novel flavivirus related to gb virus-c/hepatitis g virus. | infection with hepatitis g virus (hgv) or gb virus-c (gbv-c) is widely distributed in human populations. viruses related to gbv-c/hgv have been recovered from several new world primate species, including tamarins, owl monkeys and marmosets. to understand more about the relationship between gb viruses and their hosts, we used primers from the 5' non-coding (5'nc), non-structural 3 (ns3) and ns5 regions in nested polymerase chain reactions to screen for related viruses infecting non-captive chimpa ... | 1998 | 9714234 |
| mutation in ns5 protein attenuates mouse neurovirulence of yellow fever 17d vaccine virus. | the 17d-204 vaccine manufactured in south africa (17d-204-sa) and a large plaque variant (17d-lp) derived from it were highly virulent in adult mice. the ld50 of 17d-lp virus was 0-2 p.f.u. for mice following intracerebral inoculation. in comparison, a medium plaque variant derived from 17d-lp, termed 17d-mp virus, was found to be attenuated in adult mice following the same route of inoculation (> 10(4) p.f.u./ld50). replication of 17d-mp virus was decreased in infected mouse brains compared to ... | 1998 | 9714237 |
| [the morphological characteristics of cell death in different forms of acute tick-borne encephalitis]. | the study was aimed to identify different types of cell death in monkey brain in flavivirus experimental encephalitis. 10 brain areas most vulnerable ("indicator") of the disease in its different forms (symptomless, intermediate and severe) were examined in animals infected intracerebrally with viruses of tick-borne encephalitis. cells of ectodermal and mesenchymal origin displayed apoptosis that was most pronounced in intermediate form of the severity of the disease. apoptosis was not character ... | 1998 | 9826821 |
| in vitro-synthesized infectious rna as an attenuated live vaccine in a flavivirus model. | live virus vaccines have in many cases proven to be an extremely effective tool for the prevention of viral diseases. however, the production of conventional live vaccines in eukaryotic cell cultures has many disadvantages, including the potential for contamination with adventitious agents and genetic alterations during propagation, making it necessary to do extensive testing before distribution. based on results obtained with a flavivirus (tick-borne encephalitis virus) in an experimental anima ... | 1998 | 9846585 |
| immune mediated and inherited defences against flaviviruses. | flavivirus infection elicits an abundant immune response in the host which is directed against a number of the viral proteins. resistance to flavivirus-induced disease can also be controlled via a non-immune mechanism involving the product of a naturally occurring murine gene, flv. | 1998 | 9741638 |
| the conformation of hepatitis c virus ns3 proteinase with and without ns4a: a structural basis for the activation of the enzyme by its cofactor. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) ns3 proteinase activity is required for the release of hcv nonstructural proteins and is thus a potential antiviral target. the enzyme requires a protein cofactor ns4a, located downstream of ns3 on the polyprotein, for activation and efficient processing. | 1998 | 9741640 |
| high prevalence of gb virus c/hepatitis g virus infection among homosexual men infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1: evidence for sexual transmission. | gb virus c/hepatitis g virus (gbv-c/hgv), a recently discovered orphan flavivirus, is distantly related to hepatitis c virus (hcv). although both gbv-c/hgv and hcv can be transmitted by the parenteral route, their principal modes of transmission and associated risk behaviors may differ. using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, the 5'-noncoding regions of gbv-c/hgv and hcv were amplified from plasma or sera of 209 individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) ... | 1998 | 9746067 |
| development of viremia and humoral and cellular parameters of immune activation after vaccination with yellow fever virus strain 17d: a model of human flavivirus infection. | to monitor early and late events of immune system activation after primary and secondary flavivirus infection, 17 healthy persons were vaccinated with the standard 17d vaccine virus strain of yellow fever (yf). twelve of these persons had not received yf vaccine previously and 5 had been vaccinated once at least 10 years before. viremia and various parameters of humoral and cellular immune activation were followed daily for 7 days and weekly thereafter. viremia was detected by reverse transcript ... | 1998 | 9746073 |
| immunoglobulin m-capture biotin-streptavidin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of antibodies to dengue viruses. | a biotin-streptavidin system was adapted to an igm-capture elisa for detection of dengue antibodies in human sera. to develop this assay, high titers of antibodies to flavivirus were purified by ion-exchange chromatography (deae-cellulose) and labeled with biotin. heavy chain-specific goat anti-human igm was first bound to the wells of a polystyrene microtiter plate, followed by binding of igm in test specimens, and the use of tetravalent dengue antigens (dengue 1-4), biotin-labeled anti-flavivi ... | 1998 | 9749624 |
| identification of brazilian flaviviruses by a simplified reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction method using flavivirus universal primers. | we report a simplified reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) method for identification of brazilian flaviviruses based on the patterns of electrophoretic separation of the amplicons. the rt-pcr was done on the culture fluids of aedes albopictus c6/36 cells infected with brazilian flaviviruses, without previous extraction of viral rna, using flavivirus universal primers that anneal to highly conserved sequences within the nonstructural protein 5 and 3'- non translated region of ... | 1998 | 9749625 |
| tick-borne encephalitis and its prevention in hungary. | tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) has been registered in hungary since 1977. in the last four years a moderate decrease of cases was observed. most cases belong to the age group of 30-39 years, and the number of males is twice as high as that of the females among the tbe cases. the efficacy of tbe vaccination was proven also in field trials. the use of the specific hyperimmune gamma-globulins for postexposure prophylaxis is effective. the need to create an international standard for tbe vaccine is d ... | 1998 | 9769651 |
| identification of australian arboviruses in inoculated cell cultures using monoclonal antibodies in elisa. | an elisa using a panel of specific monoclonal antibodies was developed to identify all alpha and flaviviruses isolated from mosquitoes caught throughout australia. this technique is sensitive and rapid and is more specific than the traditional methods used to identify flaviviruses. the ability to identify unknown virus isolates from field-caught mosquitoes quickly and accurately improves the efficiency of arbovirus surveillance programs and allows health authorities to give an early warning of a ... | 1998 | 9770194 |
| dna-based and alphavirus-vectored immunisation with prm and e proteins elicits long-lived and protective immunity against the flavivirus, murray valley encephalitis virus. | the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of dna-based vaccination with plasmids encoding the membrane proteins prm and e of the flavivirus murray valley encephalitis virus (mve) were investigated. gene gun-mediated intradermal delivery of dna encoding the prm and e proteins elicited long-lived, virus-neutralising antibody responses in three inbred strains of mice and provided protection from challenge with a high titer inoculum of mve. intramuscular dna vaccination by needle injection also ind ... | 1998 | 9770429 |
| prevalence of infection with hepatitis g virus among various groups in thailand. | two research groups recently and independently, isolated a hepatotropic flavivirus from human sera. the two viruses, named gb virus c and hepatitis g virus (hgv), were subsequently discovered to represent the same virus, which was associated with acute and chronic hepatitis of the non-a-e type. the prevalences of infection with hgv have now been investigated in various groups of the thai population, some of which [e.g. thalassaemic children, patients with chronic liver disease, carriers of antib ... | 1998 | 9614458 |
| encapsidation of the flavivirus kunjin replicon rna by using a complementation system providing kunjin virus structural proteins in trans. | kunjin virus (kun) replicon rna was encapsidated by a procedure involving two consecutive electroporations of bhk-21 cells, first with kun replicon rna c20dxrep (with prme and most of c deleted) and about 24 h later with a recombinant semliki forest virus (sfv) replicon rna(s) expressing kun structural proteins. the presence of kun replicon rna in encapsidated particles was demonstrated by its amplification and expression in newly infected bhk-21 cells, detected by northern blotting with a kun-s ... | 1998 | 9621059 |
| gb virus c: a novel pathogen or a curiosity for virologists? | the recently identified gb virus c is a flavivirus related to the hepatitis c virus. it appears quite prevalent in the general population and especially in individuals at risk of parenteral transmission. many questions remain, most importantly the pathogenic role of the virus. it is unlikely that this virus has a major role in hepatic disease. | 1998 | 9639948 |
| a presumptive case of fatal murray valley encephalitis acquired in alice springs. | a presumptive case of murray valley encephalitis (mve) acquired in alice springs in march 1997 is reported. the patient subsequently died in mackay. the diagnosis of murray valley encephalitis was supported by the detection of flavivirus igm in cerebrospinal fluid. low titres of igm specific to murray valley encephalitis and alfuy were detected in a single serum sample. the patient's travel movements indicate that his infection was acquired in the alice springs vicinity. this conclusion was furt ... | 1998 | 9648367 |
| dengue or kokobera? a case report from the top end of the northern territory. | in early april 1998, the centre for disease control in darwin was notified of a possible case of dengue which appeared to have been acquired in the northern territory. because dengue is not endemic to the northern territory, locally acquired infection has significant public health implications, particularly for vector identification and control to limit the spread of infection. dengue igm serology was positive on two occasions, but the illness was eventually presumptively identified as kokobera ... | 1998 | 9648368 |
| critical point mutations for hepatitis c virus ns3 proteinase. | the hepatitis c virus ns3 proteinase plays an essential role in processing of hcv nonstructural precursor polyprotein. to detect its processing activity, we developed a simple trans-cleavage assay. two recombinant plasmids expressing the ns3 proteinase region and a chimeric substrate polyprotein containing the ns5a/5b cleavage site between maltose binding protein and protein a were co-introduced into escherichia coli cells. the proteinase processed the substrate at the single site during their p ... | 1998 | 9656998 |
| monoclonal antibody mapping of the envelope glycoprotein of the dengue 2 virus, jamaica. | although dengue (den) virus is the etiologic agent of dengue fever, the most prevalent vector-borne viral disease in the world, precise information on the antigenic structure of the dengue virion is limited. we have prepared a set of murine monoclonal antibodies (mabs) specific for the envelope (e) glycoprotein of den 2 virus and used these antibodies in a comprehensive biological and biochemical analysis to identify 16 epitopes. following domain nomenclature developed for the related flavivirus ... | 1998 | 9657950 |
| identification of specific nucleotide sequences within the conserved 3'-sl in the dengue type 2 virus genome required for replication. | the flavivirus genome is a positive-stranded approximately 11-kb rna including 5' and 3' noncoding regions (ncr) of approximately 100 and 400 to 600 nucleotides (nt), respectively. the 3' ncr contains adjacent, thermodynamically stable, conserved short and long stem-and-loop structures (the 3'-sl), formed by the 3'-terminal approximately 100 nt. the nucleotide sequences within the 3'-sl are not well conserved among species. we examined the requirement for the 3'-sl in the context of dengue virus ... | 1998 | 9696848 |
| the ns5a/ns5 proteins of viruses from three genera of the family flaviviridae are phosphorylated by associated serine/threonine kinases. | phosphorylation of the expressed ns5a protein of hepatitis c virus (hcv), a member of the hepacivirus genus of the family flaviviridae, has been demonstrated in mammalian cells and in a cell-free assay by an associated kinase activity. in this report, phosphorylation is also shown for the ns5a and ns5 proteins, respectively, of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) and yellow fever virus (yf), members of the other two established genera in this family. phosphorylation of bvdv ns5a and yf ns5 was ob ... | 1998 | 9621090 |
| recombinant dengue virus type 1 ns3 protein exhibits specific viral rna binding and ntpase activity regulated by the ns5 protein. | the full-length dengue virus ns3 protein has been successfully expressed as a 94-kda gst fusion protein in escherichia coli. treatment of the purified fusion protein with thrombin released a 68-kda protein which is the expected molecular mass for the den1 ns3 protein. the identity of this protein was confirmed by western blotting using dengue virus antisera. two related activities of the recombinant ns3 protein were characterized, which were the binding of the protein to the 3'-noncoding region ... | 1998 | 9657959 |
| hepatitis g infection: role in cryptogenic chronic liver disease and primary liver cell cancer in the uk. trent hepatitis c virus study group. | hepatitis g virus (hgv) is a flavivirus that can cause acute hepatitis and persistent infection but its role in chronic liver disease or primary liver cancer is unproven. in this study we have examined the prevalence of hgv rna in the serum of patients with hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection and in patients with cryptogenic chronic liver disease, including non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (nash), and in patients with hcv-related hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) and hcc arising in patients with cryptog ... | 1998 | 9658369 |
| the metal binding site of the hepatitis c virus ns3 protease. a spectroscopic investigation. | the ns3 region of the hepatitis c virus encodes for a serine protease activity, which is necessary for the processing of the nonstructural region of the viral polyprotein. the minimal domain with proteolytic activity resides in the n terminus, where a structural tetradentate zinc binding site is located. the ligands being been identified by x-ray crystallography as being three cysteines (cys97, cys99, and cys145) and one histidine residue (his149), which is postulated to coordinate the metal thr ... | 1998 | 9668049 |
| a 68-nucleotide sequence within the 3' noncoding region of simian hemorrhagic fever virus negative-strand rna binds to four ma104 cell proteins. | the 3' noncoding region (ncr) of the negative-strand rna [3'(-)ncr rna] of the arterivirus simian hemorrhagic fever virus (shfv) is 209 nucleotides (nt) in length. since this 3' region, designated 3'(-)209, is the site of initiation of full-length positive-strand rna and is the template for the synthesis of the 5' leader sequence, which is found on both full-length and subgenomic mrnas, it is likely to contain cis-acting signals for rna synthesis and to interact with cellular and viral proteins ... | 1998 | 9557724 |
| [kama, a new virus (flaviviridae, flavivirus, tiulenii antigenic group), isolated from ixodes lividus ticks]. | three identical strains of a new virus kama (flaviviridae, flavivirus, tyuleny antigenic group) were isolated from ixodes lividus roch, obligate parasites of riparia riparia l. the ticks were collected in june, 1990 in tatarstan on the islands in the basin of the kama river. the strains were examined under electron microscope and by serological tests (neutralization, complement fixation, hemagglutination inhibition, and indirect immunofluorescence). the virus is antigenically related but not ide ... | 1998 | 9606874 |