| biosynthesis of virus-specific proteins in cells infected with infectious bursal disease virus and their significance as structural elements for infectious virus and incomplete particles. | it has previously been shown that infectious bursal disease virus is a naked icosahedral particle with a diameter of about 60 nm and a genome consisting of two segments of double-stranded rna (müller et al., j. virol. 31:584-589, 1979). one of the two major structural polypeptides (molecular weight, 40,000) of this virus could not be found in lysates of infected cells; it is derived from a precursor polypeptide demonstrable inside the cells in relatively large quantities and seems to be processe ... | 1982 | 6292499 |
| efficacy of some disinfectants against infectious bursal disease virus and avian reovirus. | | 1982 | 6293154 |
| studies on a vaccine against infections bursal disease. | an infectious bursal disease vaccine, registered for use in breeder flocks, was studied for efficacy on the day-old offspring of vaccinated hens and for virulence in susceptible day-old and 6-week-old chickens. when given to susceptible day-old chicks and 6-week-old cockerels, the vaccine was found to induce atrophy and pathology of the bursa of fabricius similar to that observed in field infections. chicks vaccinated at day-old had markedly lowered titres in the haemagglutination inhibition tes ... | 1982 | 6293438 |
| lesions induced in the respiratory tract of chickens by serologically different adenoviruses. | ten strains of adenovirus representing 10 serotypes were administered intratracheally to two groups of 3-week-old specific-pathogen-free chickens. birds in group 1 were given only adenovirus. birds in group 2 were inoculated with a virulent infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) by eye-drop at one day of age as well as with the adenovirus at 3 weeks. the chicks were examined daily. respiratory rales were observed in some birds with the dual infection. gross pathologic alterations were minimal an ... | 1982 | 6293441 |
| susceptibility of ducks and duck-origin cell cultures to infectious bursal disease virus. | specific-pathogen-free (spf) ducks that were 1, 3, 4, 7, 10, 30, and 180 days old were inoculated experimentally orally or nasally with infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv). attempts to induce clinical disease in ducks with strain j1 or fk-78 of ibdv were unsuccessful. virus-recovery attempts from organ and intestinal contents were also unsuccessful. no significant gross or histopathological lesions were found in liver, spleen, kidney, heart, or bursa of fabricius of 1- and 3-day-old ducks at ... | 1982 | 6293447 |
| humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in chickens with infectious bursal disease. | primary and secondary immune responses to newcastle disease virus (ndv) was evaluated in chickens infected with infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) at one and 28 days of age. the geometric mean primary hemagglutination-inhibition antibody titers (gmt) of chickens infected with ibdv at one day of age was significantly lower (p less than or equal to 0.01) than those infected at 28 days of age. infection with ibdv had no influence on secondary immune response to ndv. the effect of ibdv infection ... | 1982 | 6294964 |
| field test studies of the 2512 strain of infectious bursal disease. | responses to an infectious bursal disease vaccine made from the 2512 strain were studied in broiler flocks under field conditions and management. pre- and post-vaccination sera were analyzed by agar-gel-precipitin tests and beta virus neutralization. specific measurements of broiler performance (livability, weight, feed conversion, and condemnations) were also analyzed. when possible, contemporary licensed products were compared at the same time in adjacent houses. results of these trials indica ... | 1982 | 6297449 |
| characteristics and serologic studies of two serotypes of infectious bursal disease virus in turkeys. | two serotypes of infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) were distinguished using the virus-neutralization test. an ibdv isolate from chickens, two commercial ibdv vaccine viruses, and an ibdv isolate from turkeys were designated serotype i. two ibdv isolates from turkeys were designated serotype ii. a common antigen shared by serotype i and serotype ii viruses was detected using an indirect immunofluorescent assay. the virions of both ibdv serotypes were determined to be nonenveloped icosahedron ... | 1982 | 6297451 |
| a study of the epidemiology of infectious bursal disease in poultry in queensland, 1976-1979. | | 1983 | 6301416 |
| [thermostability of the vaccination strain of infectious bursal disease virus]. | the vaccination strain of infectious bursal disease virus, multiplied in cultures of chick embryo cells, was very resistant to heat. at a temperature of 56 degrees c the infection titre of the virus (tcid50) decreased by 0.9 log10 within two hours and by 1.2 log10 within five hours, but the virus remained infective still after 24 hours. at a temperature of 37 degrees c, a slight decrease in infection titre was recorded only after two days and a decrease by 1.2 log10 was recorded within ten days. ... | 1983 | 6302969 |
| the effect of infectious bursal disease virus on the immune system of turkeys. | in 1979 it was reported that an infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) isolated from a case of respiratory disease of turkeys differed antigenically from the chicken isolates of this virus. we injected turkey poults with the turkey-originating ty89 and chicken-originating bd/6 isolates of ibdv and studied their effects on antibody production to the virus, serum immunoglobulin g (igg), antibody response to sheep erythrocytes, in vitro response of peripheral blood lymphocytes to mitogens, and micr ... | 1983 | 6303296 |
| the molecular biology of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus: a review. | | 1983 | 6303539 |
| [immunoprophylaxis of infectious bursitis in poultry]. | | 1982 | 6304990 |
| a rapid quantitative agar gel precipitin test. | | 1983 | 6306011 |
| infectious bursal disease in western australia. | | 1983 | 6307244 |
| use of inactivated oil emulsion infectious bursal disease vaccines in breeder chickens to prevent immunosuppression in progeny chicks. | two chicken flocks, vaccinated with different inactivated infectious bursal disease vaccines, and one unvaccinated flock provided chicks with high and low levels of and no maternally derived immunity. following challenge at three ages with a subclinical strain of infectious bursal disease virus the chicks were assessed for bursal damage and suppression of the immune response to newcastle disease virus. both high and low levels of maternally derived antibody prevented immunosuppression but the lo ... | 1983 | 6312519 |
| effects of dual infection of chickens with mycoplasma synoviae and mycoplasma gallinaceum or infectious bursal disease virus on infectious synovitis. | | 1983 | 6314027 |
| multivalent inactivated virus oil emulsion vaccines in broiler breeder chickens. i. newcastle disease virus and infectious bursal disease virus bivalent vaccines. | inactivated newcastle disease virus (ndv) and infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) were incorporated into water-in-oil emulsion vaccines alone or as a bivalent vaccine. twenty-week-old broiler breeder chickens that had received previous live virus vaccination with ndv and ibdv were injected intramuscularly with the monovalent or bivalent vaccine. the antibody titers to either the monovalent vaccine or bivalent vaccine increased rapidly and then remained at high levels for the duration of the 4 ... | 1983 | 6314307 |
| multivalent inactivated virus oil emulsion vaccines in broiler breeder chickens. ii. trivalent vaccines in breeders not previously vaccinated with live newcastle disease, infectious bursal disease, and tenosynovitis vaccines. | inactivated newcastle disease (ndv), infectious bursal disease (ibdv), and viral arthritis/tenosynovitis (va) viruses were incorporated into water-in-oil emulsion vaccines either alone, in bivalent combinations, or in a trivalent vaccine. twenty-week-old broiler breeder chickens with no previous exposure to ndv, ibdv, or va live virus vaccines were injected intramuscularly with the monovalent, bivalent, or trivalent vaccines. the antibody responses to ndv in all three vaccines were poor, and ndv ... | 1983 | 6314308 |
| plasma cell changes in the gland of harder following infectious bursal disease virus infection of the chicken. | tissue changes in the gland of harder (gh) were studied following infection of day-old chicks with infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv). broiler chicks that lacked maternal antibody to ibdv were inoculated with ibdv at 1 day of age and were maintained segregated from uninoculated controls. plasma cell (pc) content of the gh was lowered among infected chickens from 1 to 7 weeks postinoculation. since the gh in uninoculated control birds was not densely populated with pcs until 3 weeks of age, t ... | 1981 | 6274296 |
| pathogenesis of infectious bursal disease in embryonally bursectomized chickens. | the pathogenesis of infectious bursal disease (ibd) in intact chickens was compared with pathogenesis in chickens that had undergone embryonal bursectomy (ebx chickens), which were challenged at either 2 or 6 weeks of age. all ebx chickens were free of bursa remnants, and those challenged at 6 weeks of age failed to develop primary and secondary antibody responses to sheep red blood cells and bovine serum albumin. a direct fluorescent-antibody technique was used to study the course of infection ... | 1981 | 6279079 |
| growth and infectivity titration of virulent infectious bursal disease virus in established cell lines from lymphoid leukosis tumors. | lymphoblastoid cell lines were investigated for susceptibility to virulent (wild) infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) and attenuated ibdv by detection of fluorescent antigen in inoculated cells. lscc-bk3 and lscc-cu10 cells were susceptible to both types of ibdv; lscc-1104-b-1 line was susceptible to only the attenuated ibdv. however, 2 lymphoid leukosis and 2 marek's disease cell lines were refractory to growth of any type of ibdv. when the j1 strain of virulent ibdv was inoculated into lscc ... | 1981 | 6279078 |
| multivalent inactivated virus oil emulsion vaccines in broiler breeder chickens. iii. trivalent newcastle disease, infectious bursal disease, and arthritis/tenosynovitis viruses vaccine in primed breeders. | inactivated newcastle disease (ndv), infectious bursal disease (ibdv), and viral arthritis/tenosynovitis (va) viruses were incorporated into water-in-oil emulsion vaccines, either alone, in bivalent combinations, or in a trivalent vaccine. twenty-week-old broiler breeder chickens that had received previous live virus vaccination with ndv, ibdv, and va were injected intramuscularly with the monovalent, bivalent, or trivalent vaccines. the antibody titers to the antigens contained in the monovalen ... | 1983 | 6314309 |
| maternal antibody and its effect on infectious bursal disease immunization. | chickens vaccinated with infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) early in life and revaccinated with an inactivated, oil-adjuvant ibdv vaccine at 18 weeks of age produced and maintained high levels of virus-neutralizing (vn) antibody through 10 months of lay. vn-antibody titers of chicks hatched from eggs laid during the same period closely matched the average vn-antibody titers of the dams. a sequential study of the decline rates of ibdv maternal antibody (mab) in unvaccinated and ibdv-vaccinate ... | 1983 | 6314972 |
| pathogenesis of infectious bursal disease in chickens infected with virus at various ages. | chickens free from infectious bursal disease (ibd) maternal antibody were inoculated with a virulent strain of ibd virus at 1, 5, or 11 weeks of age. chickens inoculated at 5 weeks developed severe clinical signs and had reduced levels of serum complement within 2-4 days postinoculation, but those inoculated at 1 or 11 weeks did not. however, at 1, 2, 4, and 8 days postinoculation, the rate of virus recovery from different tissues, severity of microscopic lesions, and frequency of detection of v ... | 1983 | 6314977 |
| prevalence of antibodies to infectious bursal disease virus serotypes i and ii in 75 ohio chicken flocks. | serum samples from 75 ohio layer flocks were tested for antibodies to infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) serotypes i and ii using a virus-neutralization test. infectious bursal disease had been diagnosed in three of the 75 flocks. antibody titers to serotype i were detected in 77% of the flocks, and antibody titers to serotype ii were detected in 47% of the flocks. of the eight flocks known to have been vaccinated using a serotype i ibdv vaccine, all had antibody titers to serotype i, and fo ... | 1983 | 6314983 |
| effect of infectious bursal disease on natural killer cell activity and mitogenic response of chicken lymphoid cells: role of adherent cells in cellular immune suppression. | a pathogenic isolate of infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) caused persistent and extensive lesions in the bursa but mild and transient lesions in the thymuses of chickens of lines 63 and p. the effect of ibdv on two cellular immune functions, namely, natural killer cell cytotoxicity and mitogenic response, was studied. the natural killer cell activity was not consistently influenced, but the virus, during the first 2 weeks of infection, caused transient depression of the blastogenic response ... | 1983 | 6315586 |
| infectious bursal disease in the sudan. | | 1983 | 6316595 |
| newcastle disease in a vaccinated flock which had experienced subclinical infectious bursal disease. | a flock of 4,500 cobb broilers inoculated with newcastle disease vaccine intra-ocular strain b1 type at 10 days of age developed clinical signs of the disease 19 days later; the mortality rate was 71%. necropsy examinations showed characteristic lesions. newcastle disease virus was isolated and identified in the allantoic fluid of embryonating chicken eggs by haemagglutination and haemagglutination-inhibition tests. histopathological examination showed that follicles of the bursa were depleted o ... | 1983 | 6316596 |
| the pathogenesis of infectious bursal disease: serologic, histopathologic, and clinical chemical observations. | infectious bursal disease in 35-day-old specific-pathogen-free (spf) chickens was characterized clinically by its acute onset and brief duration. clinical signs included depression, anorexia, diarrhea, and polyuria. a detectable precipitin antibody response occurred between 3 and 5 days postinoculation. evaluation of pooled serum samples obtained from infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv)-infected chickens revealed transient changes in potassium, cholesterol, uric acid, lactate dehydrogenase, s ... | 1983 | 6316894 |
| responses of specific-pathogen-free chicks to concomitant infections of reovirus (wvu-2937) and infectious bursal disease virus. | specific-pathogen-free white leghorn chicks concomitantly infected with both infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) and reovirus (wvu-2937) on day 1 had significantly lower (p less than 0.05) virus-neutralizing- and precipitating-antibody geometric mean titers (gmt) to reovirus than chicks infected with only reovirus on day 1 but had a similar incidence of inflammation of the metatarsal digital flexor tendons. chicks infected with ibdv on day 7 and reovirus on day 14 had a greater incidence of i ... | 1983 | 6316898 |
| vaccination against marek's disease and infectious bursal disease. i. development of a bivalent live vaccine by co-cultivating turkey herpesvirus and infectious bursal disease vaccine viruses in chicken embryo fibroblast monolayers. | vaccine viruses of marek's disease (md), the fc-126 strain of the herpesvirus of turkeys (hvt), and infectious bursal disease (ibd), the bursa-vac-m strain of ibd virus (ibdv), were propagated in the same chicken embryo fibroblast (cef) monolayers by superinfection. co-infection of the two viruses in the same cef culture or in a single cell can be demonstrated by staining with acridine orange and by electron microscopy.l this study was conducted with a superinfected live bivalent vaccine (hvt/ib ... | 1983 | 6322146 |
| rapid serological profiling by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. iii. simultaneous measurements of antibody titers to infectious bronchitis, infectious bursal disease, and newcastle disease viruses in a single serum dilution. | the present paper describes a method for measuring enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) antibody titers to infectious bronchitis (ib), infectious bursal disease (ibd), and newcastle disease (nd) viruses from a single serum dilution using the same assay procedures and analyses. a regression line equation generated for predicting ndv elisa antibody titers at a single serum dilution was successfully used to predict elisa antibody titers to ib and ibd antigen preparations at the same test sera ... | 1984 | 6326733 |
| further studies on the immunization of chickens with temperature-sensitive mycoplasma gallisepticum mutant. | newly hatched chickens were immunized with a temperature-sensitive (ts) mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) mutant (ts 100). immunized chickens resisted challenge with the virulent s6 strain. the dose of ts mg needed for protection was less than 3.3 x 10(4) colony-forming units. after immunization with ts 100, chickens were subjected to a variety of virus infection and immunosuppressive treatments. neonatal bursectomy or thymectomy, infectious bursal disease virus infection, and infectious bronchitis ... | 1984 | 6326734 |
| experimental infection of turkeys with infectious bursal disease virus and the effect on the immunocompetence of infected turkeys. | turkeys of various ages were infected with strains of infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv). pathological signs of infection were detected only in turkeys 1 day old when infected. no differences in antibody responses to ibdv or virus recovery were observed between turkeys of various ages at the time of infection. cellular and humoral immune responses were suppressed following infection of day-old turkeys. the effects varied with virus strain. | 1984 | 6326741 |
| the effect of oil-emulsion vaccines on the occurrence of nonspecific plate agglutination reactions for mycoplasma gallisepticum and m. synoviae. | six groups of ten 18-week-old mycoplasma-free white leghorn pullets were vaccinated with one of the following: mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) bacterin. haemophilus gallinarum bacterin, pasteurella multocida bacterin, combined infectious bursal disease (ibd)-newcastle (ndv) chicken-embryo-origin (ceo) vaccine. ibd-ndv tissue-culture-origin (tc) vaccine, or saline emulsified in oil; one group received no vaccine. plate agglutination tests for m. synoviae (ms) and mg were done for 10 weeks after vac ... | 1984 | 6331364 |
| observations on alcaligenes faecalis infection in turkeys. | experiments were initiated to study the pathogenicity of 5 alcaligenes faecalis isolates in specific-pathogen-free poults. the isolates were recovered from commercial flocks suffering from a respiratory disease. there were no differences between cultural or biochemical characteristics of the isolates, but differences in antibiotic sensitivity were detected. all 5 isolates were capable of initiating a respiratory disease in poults similar to that seen in the early stages of turkey coryza. the inf ... | 1980 | 6449924 |
| survey of some poultry viruses in papua new guinea. | during the years 1974 to 1979 a virological study on domestic poultry throughout papua new guinea was conducted involving clinical examination of diseased birds with subsequent attempted virus isolations and serological surveys of free village fowls and commercial poultry. viruses isolated included those of newcastle disease, infectious bronchitis, pox, avian encephalomyelitis and adenovirus. clinical and pathological diagnoses of pox, avian encephalomyelitis, reticuloendotheliosis and marek's d ... | 1982 | 7101463 |
| bacterial coryza in turkeys in texas. | a motile, gram-negative, short bacillus was isolated from the tracheas of turkey poults with coryza. an escherichia coli also was isolated from the tracheas of poults. the former bacterium possessed characteristics similar or identical to those isolated from coryza outbreaks in other states. the characteristics were similar to those described for alcaligenes fecalis. cultures of the turkey coryza isolate produced coryza when inoculated intranasally in 1 to 3-day-old poults. the bacterium was rei ... | 1981 | 7232255 |
| effect of three different routes of administration on the immunogenicity of infectious bursal disease vaccine. | the immune response of three groups of 10 chicks, vaccinated at age of 2 weeks against infectious bursal disease (gumboro disease) via the oral, intramuscular and ocular routes, is compared. the vaccine was prepared by the nvri (vom, nigeria). all chicks in the three groups remained seronegative 3 weeks after primary vaccination. however, precipitating antibodies were present in birds which received a booster dose at the age of 6 weeks. post-vaccination seroconversion was observed at the age of ... | 1995 | 7569228 |
| [the material isolated from bovine liver promoted the immunity of chicken]. | the material isolated from adult bovine liver was proved to have the similar properties as chicken bursin. it promoted the immunity of chicken by increasing the production of antibodies and enhancing the development and differentiation of b lymphocytes when the material was injected into 13th and 15th days chick embryos. furthermore, the present experiments revealed that the material isolated from adult bovine liver could strengthen chicken's defence ability against infectious bursal disease vir ... | 1995 | 7571945 |
| mapping of cross-reacting and serotype-specific epitopes on the vp3 structural protein of the infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv). | the binding sites of a panel of monoclonal antibodies cross-reacting with the structural protein vp3 of the two serotypes of the infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) could be mapped to four segments of the vp3 gene. two of these antigenic domains also carry epitopes which are specific for one serotype only. formation of the common or type-specific epitopes is in agreement with homologous or mismatching amino acid sequences yielding hydrophilic segments on the vp3 polypeptide. these antigenic p ... | 1995 | 7540831 |
| infectious bursal disease virus. | | 1980 | 7000445 |
| a survey of disease in five commercial flocks of meat breeder chickens. | causes of sickness and death in approximately 30,000 chickens in 5 meat breeder flocks were investigated between may 1979 and april 1980. approximately 23% of disease was due to neoplasms; 81% of these were marek's disease despite vaccination against this infection. other frequent diagnoses included cellulitis (15%), respiratory disease (14%), lesions of the reproductive tract (11%) and tenosynovitis/arthritis (9%). antibodies to mycoplasma gallisepticium, avian adenovirus, infectious bursal dis ... | 1984 | 6704066 |
| herpesvirus of turkey recombinant viruses expressing infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) vp2 immunogen induce protection against an ibdv virulent challenge in chickens. | two recombinant herpesviruses of turkey (hvt) expressing the vp2 protein of infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv or gumboro disease virus) have been constructed: vhvt001 and vhvt002. the vp2 open reading frame was inserted at the locus of the small subunit of ribonucleotide reductase gene (hsv-1 ul40 homolog) without any exogenous promoter in vhvt001 and at the locus of gl gene (hsv-1 us7 homolog) under the control of the human cytomegalovirus immediate-early promoter in vhvt002. the isolation ... | 1995 | 7645252 |
| precipitation reactions with newcastle disease virus. | acid precipitated and detergent treated newcastle disease virus (ndv) antigen was prepared and characterised using the agar gel precipitation (agp) test. the detergent treated ndv antigen was used to screen antibodies to ndv and the results compared with the conventional haemagglutination inhibition (hi) test titres. agp test could detect ndv antibodies in serum samples when the corresponding hi titres were 1:8 and above. detergent treatment of newcastle disease virus greatly reduced its haemagg ... | 1995 | 7652941 |
| agglutination of chicken lymphocytes by infectious bursal disease virus. | four serotype 1 field strains of infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) and one reference standard serotype 1 strain were tested for their ability to agglutinate peripheral blood lymphocytes of chickens. all the five strains agglutinated chicken lymphocytes. the agglutination was not inhibited by serotype 1 reference anti-ibdv serum. these results suggest the need for detailed analysis of ibdv ligand(s) and cell surface receptor(s) relationships. | 1995 | 7667909 |
| influence of subclinical virus infections and other factors on broiler flock performance. | 1. the influence of subclinical infections with infectious bursal disease virus, adenoviruses, reo viruses and chicken anaemia virus and of various production variables on broiler flock performance was investigated. 2. a significant effect could not be demonstrated of any of the viral infections either alone or in combination. 3. the production results were profoundly influenced by several other factors, that is, breed, diet, stock density and contents of whole wheat grain in the food. 4. the in ... | 1995 | 7583376 |
| efficacy of three live vaccines against highly virulent infectious bursal disease virus in chickens with or without maternal antibodies. | since 1990, highly virulent infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv), which induces high mortality, has been infecting even vaccinated flocks in japan. we report the efficacy of three live vaccines that are available in japan. two mildly attenuated strains (a and b) and one intermediate strain (c) were each tested both in specific-pathogen-free (spf) chickens and in commercial chickens that have maternal antibodies against ibdv. chickens were vaccinated at 20 days old and challenged with highly vi ... | 1995 | 7677642 |
| evaluation of vp2 epitopes of infectious bursal disease virus using in vitro expression and radioimmunoprecipitation. | a clone (pv 17-7) spanning a portion of the vp2 gene of infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) was selected from a cdna library produced using the variant a virus strain. this clone was expressed in vitro and the protein products were immunoprecipitated with various virus-neutralizing antisera made against 6 different strains of ibdv. the antisera made against 4 variant strains immunoprecipitated the translation products from the pv 17-7 clone, but the antisera to the classic stc virus and the s ... | 1993 | 7679573 |
| apoptosis in chicken embryos induced by the infectious bursal disease virus. | fifteen-day-old fertile eggs (specific pathogen-free) were inoculated with the infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) by the allantoic route and were opened and examined 2, 4 or 6 days later. the bursas of fabricius (bfs) were collected and processed for dna extraction, flow cytometry, and light and electron microscopy. cellular dna was subjected to electrophoresis on 1.5% agarose gel and stained with ethidium bromide. intense internucleosomal dna fragmentation was detected in ibdv-infected burs ... | 1995 | 7593755 |
| induction of protective immunity in chickens orally immunized with inactivated infectious bursal disease virus. | the present studies were undertaken to examine the effects of oral administration of formalin-inactivated infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) on the immune responses of chickens. inactivated ibdv was suspended in phosphate-buffered saline containing sodium bicarbonate. this form of antigen, when administered by oral instillation, induced a serum antibody response against ibdv in chickens and these chickens were protected from subsequent viral challenge. the immunoglobulin class of ibdv-specif ... | 1995 | 7631509 |
| detection of infectious bursal disease virus by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction amplification of the virus segment a gene. | a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) amplification assay was developed to detect infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) gene sequences in clinical samples, infected cell cultures and chicken embryos. two pairs of primers were designed to amplify the 5'- and 3'-termini of segment a genes that partially code for the ibdv proteins vp2 and vp3, respectively. one primer pair specifies a 309-bp fragment, the other a 520-bp fragment. direct rt-pcr analysis of 5 bursal samples of c ... | 1995 | 7673388 |
| the genetic basis for the antigenicity of the vp2 protein of the infectious bursal disease virus. | the genomic region coding for the antigenic structure responsible for the induction of neutralizing antibodies was localized in the central variable region of the vp2 gene by comparing the nucleotide sequence of five escape mutants derived from the standard infectious bursal disease virus strain cu-1. exchange of a single amino acid at one of the prominent hydrophilic parts of this region proved to be sufficient for altering the neutralizing properties. the reactivity of neutralizing antibodies ... | 1993 | 7688411 |
| thymic lesions in chicken infected with infectious bursal disease virus. | thymic lesions were investigated in specific-pathogen-free chickens infected with the highly virulent hps-2 strain or virulent reference gbf-1 strain of infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv). both viruses induced follicular lymphoid necrosis and depletion in the bursa, as well as thymic lesions. however, cortical lymphocyte condensation and depletion in the thymus were more prominent in the hps-2 group than in the gbf-1 group. electronmicroscopically, alterations of cortical lymphocytes were ch ... | 1994 | 7702518 |
| pathogenesis of highly virulent infectious bursal disease virus infection in intact and bursectomized chickens. | the pathogenesis of highly virulent infectious bursal disease (ibd) virus (ibdv) infection was studied using 6-week-old intact and 5-week-old bursectomized chickens inoculated with highly virulent strain 90-11 or reference strain i. chickens inoculated with 10(0.7) eid50 of strain 90-11 showed neither clinical signs nor lesions during the 4-day observation period. in contrast, birds inoculated with 10(2.7) or 10(4.7) eid50 developed severe clinical ibd, as well as gross and histologic lesions, t ... | 1994 | 7696392 |
| active cross-protection induced by a recombinant baculovirus expressing chimeric infectious bursal disease virus structural proteins. | the vp2 structural gene encoded in the large genomic segment a of the variant gls strain of infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) was modified to encode a neutralization epitope (b69), found only on classic strains of ibdv. a chimeric cdna clone of the large segment a, encoding vp3, vp4, and the modified variant ibdv vp2 structural proteins, was expressed in a recombinant baculovirus. the chimeric protein expressed was assessed with a panel of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mabs), and it c ... | 1994 | 7702501 |
| occurrence of keratoconjunctivitis apparently caused by mycoplasma gallisepticum in layer chickens. | natural cases of keratoconjunctivitis, apparently caused by mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg), in layer chickens are described. the disease occurred in a commercial flock consisting of 36,000 pullets (babcock), first appearing around 30 days of age. clinically, affected chickens showed unilateral or bilateral swelling of the facial skin and the eyelids, increased lacrimation, congestion of conjunctival vessels, and respiratory rales. some of the severely affected chickens closed their eyes. the morb ... | 1995 | 7725593 |
| complete nucleotide sequences of 5'- and 3'-noncoding regions of both genome segments of different strains of infectious bursal disease virus. | the terminal sequences of both genomic dsrna segments of different strains of infectious bursal disease virus were determined. analysis of the linear sequences revealed in the 5'-noncoding region of both segments the presence of a 32-nucleotide sequence with motifs conserved between segments and serotypes. the 3'-noncoding regions showed a high degree of conservation within segment a or b, but differed between segments. different inverted terminal repeats were detected in both segments. a sequen ... | 1995 | 7747460 |
| reverse passive haemagglutination test in the diagnosis of infectious bursal disease. | the reverse passive haemagglutination test (rpha) was used to detect infectious bursal disease (ibd) virus antigen in various organs of experimentally infected chickens and field cases. the results of rpha were compared with those of agar gel immunodiffusion (agid) and latex agglutination (lat) tests. ibd antigen was detected in 86.4%, 80.4% and 80.5% of different organs by rhpa, lat and agid respectively. although the differences are not statistically significant, the lat is recommended because ... | 1995 | 7770951 |
| infectious bursal disease in 14-week-old turkeys in nigeria. | | 1995 | 7770952 |
| adaptation of the mtt (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay for the determination of virus-neutralizing antibodies using the virus-neutralization assay. | the tetrazolium salt mtt [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] has been widely used for bioassays. herein is described the use of the mtt dye with a virus-neutralization (vn) assay to titer infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv)-neutralizing antibodies. a standard vn assay using chicken embryo fibroblasts (cefs) and ibdv was used for the assessment of ibdv-neutralizing antibodies. the percent of cef killing due to ibdv was quantitated using mtt, and the absorbance (a) d ... | 1994 | 7702508 |
| association between pathogenicity of infectious bursal disease virus and viral antigen distribution detected by immunohistochemistry. | highly pathogenic infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) strains (ehime/91, dv86) and a moderately pathogenic strain (j1) were compared in order to clarify the association between the pathogenicity of ibdv and viral antigen distribution. virus target cells in the bursa, thymus, spleen, and bone marrow were examined by transmission electron microscopy. although all strains caused similar bursal atrophy, the highly pathogenic strains brought about a greater decrease in the thymic weight index and ... | 1995 | 7794196 |
| preliminary studies of primary ostrich fibroblasts for the isolation of ratite viruses. | an ostrich egg at 21 days of development was used to propagate primary embryo cell cultures. primary cultures of skeletal muscle cells (for fibroblasts) were prepared by routine typsinization techniques. the ostrich embryo fibroblasts were tested for their ability to propagate stock avian viruses of infectious bronchitis virus, paramyxiovirus-1 (pmv-1), pmv-2, pmv-3, infectious bursal disease virus, quail bronchitis virus, avian reovirus, turkey coronavirus, and two ostrich-originating specimens ... | 1994 | 7702522 |
| monitoring of highly virulent infectious bursal disease in botswana 1989 to 1993. | | 1994 | 7809988 |
| the effect of microaerosolized hydrogen peroxide on bacterial and viral poultry pathogens. | the effect of microaerosolized h2o2 on bacterial and viral poultry pathogens was investigated. bacterial cultures and viruses were dried on sterile glass petri dishes and subjected to direct and indirect 5% (h2o2) microaerosol mist. in the trials using escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus, there was complete inactivation following exposure to h2o2. using salmonella typhimurium, indirect exposure resulted in only partial inactivation whereas direct exposure to h2o2 gave complete inactivatio ... | 1994 | 7816725 |
| vaccination of commercial layer chicks against infectious bursal disease with maternally derived antibodies. | day-old commercial layer chicks with maternally derived antibody to infectious bursal disease (ibd) were reared in four pens on a commercial farm, and chicks from the same flock were reared at the laboratory and examined for the decay of the maternal antibody and the development of susceptibility to ibd. the chicks in the pens on the farm were vaccinated with different combinations of commercial inactivated and live vaccines against ibd, transferred to the laboratory, and challenged with virulen ... | 1994 | 7817504 |
| immunogenic activity of viral polypeptides of an indian isolate of infectious bursal disease virus. | an indian isolate of infectious bursal disease virus, i.e. ibdv-p/ad/81, was analysed for immunogenic activity of its structural polypeptides. virus was purified from infected bursal homogenate by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. it showed five different structural polypeptides of 75.8, 45, 40.7, 33.1 and 27 kda molecular weights in sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page). anti infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) antibodies were tested using enzyme-linked ... | 1994 | 7821977 |
| quantitative counter-immunoelectrophoresis for estimation of antibodies to infectious bursal disease virus. | quantitative counter-immunoelectrophoresis was standardized to detect antibodies to the avian infectious bursal disease virus. this technique correlated well with the conventional quantitative agar gel precipitation test in estimating antibodies to ibdv. the use of blood dried on filter paper as an alternative to serum is discussed. qcie is simple, easy to perform and faster than qagp. | 1994 | 7831758 |
| applications of the polymerase chain reaction to detect infectious bursal disease virus in naturally infected chickens. | reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction was used for identification of israeli isolates of infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv). the system was applied to tissue culture and to bursa of fabricius from infected chickens; these latter samples had been frozen for as long as 4 years. from base homology analysis of published sequences of serotype 1 ibdv, two pairs of primers, targeted to amplify sequences from the vp2 and vp3 cistrons, were prepared. the two sets of primers could detect vir ... | 1994 | 7702524 |
| vitamin e in viral inactivated vaccines. | this research aimed at verifying whether vitamin e added to inactivated and emulsified vaccines enhances the immune response to viral antigens in chicken. three hundred and twenty broilers (males and females) and 16 types of vaccines, varying in viral antigen [newcastle disease virus, egg drop syndrome 1976 virus (eds76v), and infectious bursal disease virus] and vitamin e amount (replacing 10, 20, and 30% of mineral oil) were used. results show that vaccines with vitamin e, especially when it r ... | 1995 | 7792238 |
| development of an efficient bioprocess for poultry vaccines using high-density insect cell culture. | | 1994 | 7832521 |
| influence of dose and route of inoculation on responses of chickens to recombinant fowlpox virus vaccines. | the influence of dose and route of inoculation on responses of chickens to vaccination with recombinant fowlpox viruses (rfpvs) expressing an influenza haemagglutinin (ha) (fpv-ha) and the infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) vp2 antigen (fpv-vp2) has been evaluated. antibody responses to influenza and fowlpox virus were generated following vaccination via the wing web by subcutaneous inoculation or skin scarification. intranasal and conjunctival inoculation failed to induce antibodies to fpv ... | 1994 | 7801520 |
| identification of a novel viral protein in infectious bursal disease virus-infected cells. | infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv), a member of the birnaviridae, specifies two genomic double-stranded rnas, segment a and segment b. segment a encodes a 110 kda polyprotein which is processed into virus proteins vp2, vp3 and vp4. a second open reading frame (orf), designated orf a-2, immediately preceding and partially overlapping the 110 kda protein gene has also been described. after prokaryotic expression of this orf and immunization of rabbits with the expressed protein we obtained rea ... | 1995 | 7844565 |
| isolation of infectious bursal disease virus from the lesser mealworm, alphitobius diaperinus (panzer). | infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) was isolated from adult lesser mealworms, alphitobius diaperinus (panzer), up to 14 d after exposure, but isolation of the virus was erratic over this period of time. the virus was undetected after 24 h in beetle larvae. virus was isolated from the adult beetle's mouth parts, foregut, midgut, hindgut, and blood 24 h after they fed on feed inoculated with ibdv. ten days after exposure, virus was isolated from the foregut but not the blood, mouth parts, or re ... | 1995 | 7899212 |
| filter paper technique for seromonitoring against infectious bursal disease. | | 1994 | 7900225 |
| diseases and management of backyard chicken flocks in chitungwiza, zimbabwe. | to gather information on backyard chicken flocks in chitungwiza, an urban center in zimbabwe, 85 flock owners were interviewed. the mean flock size was 53 birds (range 1-650), and most birds were kept for meat, for either domestic consumption or local sale. mean age at slaughter was 12.4 weeks (range 8-24). none of the owners vaccinated their birds, and reported mortality rates were high (mean 25%), most commonly being associated with diseases causing eye and respiratory problems. most owners co ... | 1994 | 7832719 |
| expression of the outer capsid proteins vp2 and vp5 of bluetongue virus in saccharomyces cerevisiae. | cdnas transcribed from bluetongue virus serotype 1 (australia) ds rna 2 and ds rna 6 coding for the major neutralising antigen vp2 and the outer capsid protein vp5, respectively, were amplified in polymerase chain reactions and ligated downstream of the copper-inducible metallothionein promoter in the yeast expression plasmid pyelc5. saccharomyces cerevisiae transformed with the recombinant plasmid pyelc5-vp2 expressed full-length vp2 only following induction with 1 mm cuso4 and reached the maxi ... | 1994 | 7941697 |
| infectious bursal disease viruses: molecular differentiation of antigenic subtypes among serotype 1 viruses. | published nucleotide sequence data for ibdv variant viruses (a and 1048e) and classic viruses (stc, 52-70, pbg98, cu-1, and 002-73) were used to identify restriction enzyme sites that could potentially be used to differentiate these strains of ibdv. to test this hypothesis, the genomes of ibdv strains stc, md, nc, and oh were converted to cdna using reverse transcriptase (rt) and then amplified using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the pcr primers were selected from relatively conserved seq ... | 1994 | 7832706 |
| a serosurvey using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for antibodies against poultry pathogens in ostriches (struthio camelus) from zimbabwe. | horseradish peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-ostrich igg was raised and used in commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits to detect antibodies reactive with 11 poultry pathogens in sera from 149 ostriches from nine farms around zimbabwe. antibodies were detected to turkey rhinotracheitis virus (99%), newcastle disease virus (23%), avian reovirus (19%), infectious bursal disease virus (15%), avian encephalomyelitis virus (15%), mycoplasma gallisepticum and/or m. synoviae (11%), reticuloend ... | 1994 | 7832718 |
| virus-induced immunosuppression in chickens. | reovirus and infectious bursal disease virus are among the naturally occurring viruses that cause immunosuppression in chickens. both viruses cause necrotic lesions in the bursa of fabricius and may destroy b cells. this may explain their ability to cause humoral immune suppression. the mechanism(s) of virus-induced suppression of cellular immunity is not well understood. both viruses inhibit the mitogenic response of t cells in chickens. we have noted that this inhibition may be mediated by inh ... | 1994 | 7937469 |
| effects of invert soap with 0.05% sodium hydroxide on infectious bursal disease virus. | the effects of invert soaps with sodium hydroxide on infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) were studied. didecyldimethylammonium chloride was most effective, followed by alkylbenzyldimethylammonium chloride and [mono-bis(tri-methylammonium-methylene chloride)]-alkyl (c9-15) toluene. dilutions without naoh had little effect on virus titer. didecyldimethylammonium chloride was further tested for its effects on ibdv by varying temperature, concentration of invert soap, and ph of the dilution. the ... | 1994 | 7980270 |
| direct correlation between the titer of infectious bursal disease virus vp2-specific antibody and protection. | the titer of antibody specific to infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) was measured by a new method and correlated with protection. challenge was carried out in chickens with various antibody titers, which were measured using a latex agglutination-inhibition (li) test, a rapid and easy technique for measuring ibdv vp2-specific antibody. when actively immunized chickens had li titers of 1:2 or more, almost all were protected from subsequent challenge with highly virulent ibdv. in contrast, even ... | 1994 | 7980272 |
| detection of genetic variations in serotype i isolates of infectious bursal disease virus using polymerase chain reaction and restriction endonuclease analysis. | reverse transcription with polymerase chain reaction (pcr) followed by restriction endonuclease analysis detected genetic variations among serotype i isolates of infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv). using a set of synthetic primers derived from the large genome segment of aphis-ibdv, the hypervariable region (acci-spei fragment) located in the vp2 gene was amplified. with all strains, a cdna fragment of approximately 643 bp was amplified, indicating that there were no apparent deletions or in ... | 1994 | 7989444 |
| [gumboro disease (infectious bursitis) in madagascar]. | four gumboro disease (ibd) outbreaks were identified between february and june 1993 in the antananarivo area (madagascar) exhibiting the largest commercial poultry production activity. affected birds were 3 to 5 weeks old, the mortality rate ranged from 5.70 to 27.4%. typical symptoms and gross lesions were observed, necrotic degeneration of bursal follicles was also detected. by means of agar-immunodiffusion test, ibd viral antigen was demonstrated. since the ibd has never been recorded in the ... | 1994 | 7991892 |
| flow cytometric analysis of b cell and t cell subpopulations in specific-pathogen-free chickens infected with infectious bursal disease virus. | lymphocytes obtained from the blood, spleen, and bursa of normal chickens and of chickens infected with infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) were analyzed for phenotypic expression of ct4, ct8, and immunoglobulin cell surface markers. single-cell suspensions were stained with monoclonal antibodies by an indirect immunofluorescent assay, and percent staining was quantitated by flow cytometry. although an appreciable decline from control levels in the percentage of lymphocytes expressing igm was ... | 1994 | 8002886 |
| rapid differentiation of infectious bursal disease virus serotypes by polymerase chain reaction. | | 1994 | 8011762 |
| apoptosis induced by infectious bursal disease virus. | chicken peripheral blood lymphocytes (pbls) show morphological and biochemical features of apoptosis (programmed cell death) when infected in vitro with infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv). dna extracted from ibdv-infected lymphocytes displayed an intense laddering pattern when visualized after agarose gel electrophoresis. ibdv-infected pbls had significantly higher apoptotic and necrotic indices measured by acridine orange-ethidium bromide staining than did control lymphocytes. electron micr ... | 1994 | 8021611 |
| active and passive protection against variant and classic infectious bursal disease virus strains induced by baculovirus-expressed structural proteins. | infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) is responsible for a highly immunosuppressive disease in young chickens which causes significant economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. the structural protein genes (vp2, vp3 and vp4) of a variant ibdv strain (gls) were expressed in insect cells using a baculovirus expression system. susceptible chickens vaccinated with a single dose of the recombinant ibdv antigens were completely protected against challenge with two variant strains of ibdv (gl ... | 1994 | 8023554 |
| observations on polymerase chain reaction amplification of infectious bursal disease virus dsrna. | two methods for denaturing double stranded (ds)rna of infectious bursal disease virus for the purpose of reverse transcribing it were compared: heat denaturation at 65 degrees c in the presence of dmso and in the absence of dmso. as part of the analysis, the nature of cdna in the two preparations was examined by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification, firstly by varying the number of cycles of pcr, and secondly by re-amplification of serial dilutions of the reaction products. the results ... | 1994 | 8051230 |
| single-tube, noninterrupted reverse transcription-pcr for detection of infectious bursal disease virus. | an assay protocol based on single-tube, noninterrupted reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr) for the detection of infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) is described. after the conditions for rt-pcr had been optimized, a primer set framing a region within the gene coding for ibdv vp2 protein was used to amplify a 318-bp fragment of the ibdv genome. amplified product was detected with three strains of ibdv, whereas none was obtained from uninfected bursal tissue or seven unrelated avian viruses. the ... | 1994 | 8051255 |
| modification of infectious bursal disease virus antigen vp2 for cell surface location fails to enhance immunogenicity. | the host protective antigen gene vp2 of infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) was genetically modified and expressed by recombinant fowlpox viruses (rfpv). to achieve cell surface localization, vp2 was expressed as a hybrid protein with signal sequence and membrane anchors of influenza virus hemagglutinin or neuraminidase. native vp2 was expressed as vp2 alone or as self-processing vp2-vp4-vp3 polyprotein for coexpression of ibdv structural proteins. vp2 hybrid protein containing the carboxy-te ... | 1994 | 8079513 |
| vp2 sequences of recent european 'very virulent' isolates of infectious bursal disease virus are closely related to each other but are distinct from those of 'classical' strains. | part of genomic segment a of five recent european 'very virulent' (vv) isolates of infectious bursal disease virus, encoding the major, conformational, protective epitope, have been reverse-transcribed, amplified and cloned. sequence analysis of 582 bases of vp2 showed that the four u.k. isolates are closely related to each other, differing by no more than two bases, but are distinct from the 'classical' type 1 strains (differing by at least 29 bases, or four amino acids, from any other strain a ... | 1994 | 8126466 |
| sequence conservation in the rna polymerase gene of infectious bursal disease viruses. | eleven of thirteen infectious bursal disease viruses (ibdv) were shown to be similar following polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification of two regions (293 bp and 651 bp cdna fragments) in genomic segment b and restriction enzyme analysis of the pcr products. two ibdv strains differed from the eleven viruses when examined by bsteii digestion of the 293 bp pcr product, but all thirteen viruses were similar using the 651 bp cdna fragment and digestion with avai. because segment b encodes repl ... | 1994 | 8129628 |
| molecular basis of antigenic variation in infectious bursal disease virus. | four antigenically different strains of infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv), characterized by their reactivities with a panel of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mabs), were selected to determine the molecular basis of antigenic variation. the large genome segment a, encoding the structural proteins of the u.s. variants gls, ds326, e/del and the vaccine strain d78, was cloned and sequenced. comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences of the u.s. variants with other ibdv strains showed t ... | 1994 | 8178574 |
| effect of a vitamin e-selenium combination on chickens infected with infectious bursal disease virus. | | 1994 | 8197686 |
| [serologic monitoring of pullet and laying hen flocks in switzerland: results from the years 1990 and 1991]. | in 1990 and 1991 4522 blood samples from 398 pullet flocks and 1338 blood samples from 128 laying flocks were monitored for antibody against infectious bronchitis virus, infectious laryngotracheitis virus, adenovirus, reovirus, infectious bursal disease virus, newcastle disease virus, mycoplasma gallisepticum and mycoplasma synoviae. the results are discussed for pullets and laying hens. | 1993 | 8211056 |
| expression and rna dependent rna polymerase activity of birnavirus vp1 protein in bacteria and yeast. | birnaviruses typically encode a polyprotein that is the precursor to the structural proteins of the virus and a protein of rare abundance, vp1, that is the putative dsrna replicase and/or transcriptase. we have reconstructed the vp1 gene of ibdv from a library of cdna clones and expressed the gene in escherichia coli and in saccharomyces cerevisiae. we could not detect an rna polymerase activity associated with e. coli-derived vp1, and neither could we promote the yeast-derived vp1 to replicate ... | 1993 | 8220261 |
| studies on antigenic relatedness of classic and variant strains of infectious bursal disease viruses. | antigenic relatedness of six classic and variant strains of serotype 1 infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) and one serotype 2 ibdv was investigated by western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) using polyclonal, monoclonal, and monospecific antibodies to single viral proteins (vp2 and vp3). all virus strains cross-reacted similarly, and the viruses were not distinguishable from each other by elisa or western blot analysis performed with polyclonal or non-neutralizing monoc ... | 1993 | 8257353 |
| comparative pathogenicity and serogrouping of three washington isolates of infectious bursal disease virus. | the pathology of three infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) isolates of washington poultry origin (wa-678, wa-770, and wa-994) and seven other known ibdv strains (sal, d-78, mo, oh, var-a, 2512, and im) was studied in 3-week-old specific-pathogen-free chickens. inoculation with im and 2512 strains resulted in illness and death. no clinical signs or mortality were present with wa-678, wa-770, and wa-994. macroscopically, bursae were swollen and gelatinous with occasional hemorrhages. isolate wa ... | 1993 | 8257354 |