Publications

immunization of infants and young children against rotaviral gastroenteritis--prospects and problems.		1978	212402
rotavirus (reovirus-like) infection of neonatal ruminants in a zoo nursery.	an outbreak of a pneumoenteric disease occurred in neonates in a zoo nursery. four of seven affected animals died. rotaviruses were observed in the feces of an affected 4-day old impala (aepyceros melampus), a thomson's gazelle (gazella thomsonii) and an addax (addax nasomaculatus). encapsulated escherichia coli also were isolated from the feces. the recovered rotaviruses was antigenically related to bovine rotavirus. a bovine rotavirus vaccine was given orally and no adverse effects were noted.	1978	211273
[viruses and children's diarrhoea].		1978	211647
epizootiology of bovine rotavirus infection.	published information on rotaviruses as pathogens, the source of virus infection and the method of transmission of infection under normal conditions are reviewed. the antigenic differences between rotavirus isolates from children, calves, pigs, foals and mice are discussed. bovine rotaviruses isolated in the usa and the uk were shown to be closely related antigenically and the us vaccine strain protected calves from challenge with the uk rotavirus. nineteen normally reared calves, with 20 or mor ...	1978	211696
antibody titres to lamb rotavirus in colostrum and milk of vaccinated ewes.	ewes were vaccinated two to three weeks prior to mating with a formalin-treated preparation of lamb rotavirus. the colostrum and milk produced by vaccinated ewes after the subsequent pregnancy were shown to contain significantly higher titres of antibody to the virus than did mammary secretions from non-vaccinates. the virus neutralising antibody activity was associated with igg in both colostrum and milk. however, igg concentrations in the mammary secretions of vaccinates and non-vaccinates did ...	1978	211697
immune response to rotaviral infection--measurement by enzyme immunoassay.		1978	212390
panel report on the colloquium on selected diarrheal diseases of the young.		1978	212391
naturally occurring and experimentally induced rotaviral infections of domestic and laboratory animals.		1978	212392
rotaviral infections in human neonates.	between may 1, 1976 through may 14, 1977, feces from 1,056 five-day-old babies in newborn nurseries were examined by electron microscopy, of which 343 (32.5%) contained rotavirus. rotaviruses were prevalent throughout the study period, but infection reached its peak during the winter months of december 1976 and january 1977, at which time 46% and 49% of babies, respectively, were excreting rotaviruses. infection occurred substantially less frequently among breast-fed babies. further, infected br ...	1978	212393
detection of differences among human and animal rotaviruses, using analysis of viral rna.		1978	212394
rotavirus infection in avian species.		1978	213873
electron microscopy in the diagnosis of infectious diarrhea.		1978	212395
comments on the pathogenesis of rotaviral infections.		1978	212397
techniques for rotaviral propagation.		1978	212398
studies on rotaviral antibody in bovine serum and lacteal secretions, using radioimmunoassay.		1978	212399
pathogenesis of rotaviral infection.		1978	212396
rotavirus in goats.		1978	211701
measurement of rotavirus antibody by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay blocking assay.	a new method for the measurement of rotavirus antibody is described, utilizing the system of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). in this method, serum is incubated with a fixed amount of rotavirus antigen, and the amount of antibody is determined by measuring the amount of unneutralized antigen. such an assay system proved to be as efficient as the other available rotaviral antibody systems. the elisa blocking assay also has the advantages of not requiring purified or gnotobiotic antigen ...	1978	212453
economic impact of rotavirus and other neonatal disease agents of animals.	methods for estimating the economic impact of disease agents were developed and utilized to assess the relative economic importance of rotavirus and other disease agents in calves. based on incidence data from 2 sources, escherichia coli was responsible for the most devastating economic losses (50.9% and 74.6%). coronaviral (17.5% and 29.7% loss) and rotaviral (3.2% and 9.1% loss) infections ranked 2nd and 3rd, respectively. in one study, cryptosporidial infections (6.5% loss) were estimated to ...	1978	212403
pathogenic relationships of rotavirus, escherichia coli, and other agents in mixed infections in calves.	infection with agents interpreted as causing or contributing to diarrhea (rotavirus, coronavirus, enterotoxigenic escherichia coli, and cryptosporidia) were demonstrated in 24 of 32 newborn calves that had naturally occurring diarrheal disease. the calves were from 12 herds in iowa. infections as well as enteric lesions and hypoglobulinemia occurred more frequently among diarrheal calves than among nondiarrheal calves from these same herds. in most calves, infections were mixed; ie, both viruses ...	1978	212404
clinical management and control of neonatal enteric infections of calves.		1978	212411
a study on the ultrastructure of human rotavirus.		1978	214956
comparison of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for quantitation of rotavirus antibodies with complement fixation in an epidemiological survey.	the development of a micro-scale enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) with horseradish peroxidase as the marker enzyme for the detection and measurement of human rotavirus antibodies is described. a semipurified preparation of the serologically related simian agent, sa-11 virus, was used as the antigen. test sera were reacted with antigen-sensitized wells in disposable poly-vinyl microplates. any attached antibody was detected by the addition of peroxidase-labeled anti-species immunoglobuli ...	1978	212451
a search for faecal viruses in new-born and other infants.	faecal specimens were collected at weekly intervals over the winter months from 141 new-born infants without diarrhoea. contrary to the findings in other studies, no viruses were detected by electron micriscopy or culture in any of these specimens. over the same period faecal specimens were collected from 84 infants up to four years of age admitted to hospital. rotaviruses or adenoviruses were found in 48% of infants with gastroenteritis. enteroviruses and other small round virus-like particles ...	1978	212477
stool viruses in babies in glasgow 2. investigation of normal newborns in hospital.	the stools of 37 newborn babies born in hospital were examined for the presence of virus. an extract of every stool passed by each baby was examined in the electron microscopy and inoculated into cell cultures. the babies were delivered in four separate maternity units (a-d). all the babies from unit a and c(9 babies) were found to be excreting rotavirus though none showed any evidence of diarrhoea. two of the babies also excreted astrovirus. subsequently unit a was closed for cleaning and, on r ...	1978	212478
summary of a workshop on new and useful methods in viral diagnosis.		1978	212491
[virus diarrhea in calves in south africa].	the importance of diarrhoea in calves is briefly discussed. the role of viruses as primary invaders of the intestinal epithelium is stressed. the pathogenesis and problems encountered in diagnosing virus associated diarrhoea as well as the morphology of rota and coranavirus are discussed. possible methods of prevention and treatment are briefly mentioned.	1978	212561
human rotavirus infection in infants and young children with intussusception.	human rotavirus was detected by electron microscopy in 11 of 30 infants and young children with intussusception (37% of subjects under study). serologic complement fixation tests revealed evidence of infection with the rotavirus in 70% of the patients examined who eliminated the rotavirus in their stools. these results indicate that human rotavirus, in addition to adenovirus, may be an infectious agent causing intussusception in infants and young children.	1978	212529
concurrent rotavirus and salmonella infections in foals.		1978	213413
a long-term survey of rotavirus infection in japanese children with acute gastroenteritis.	human rotavirus was detected by electron microscopic examination of the stools of 320 (63%) of 506 infants and young children hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis between december 1974 and march 1977. serologic responses to infection with the rotavirus were revealed by the complement-fixation test in 130 (70%) of 185 patients examined. during the study period three epidemics of human rotavirus infection occurred during the winter months. the peak incidences occurred in january 1975 (88% of pa ...	1978	213501
rotavirus diarrhoea of foals.		1978	213048
an investigation into the possible role of the family unit in the transmission of rotavirus infections of children.		1978	213802
[coronavirus and "astrovirus" observed in stools of children with gastroenteritis (author's transl)].	in a year's survey (december 1976-november 1977) of 190 children admitted to hospital with acute gastroenteritis, an "aetiological" agent was found in stools by electron microscopy in 41% of cases. rotavirus were found in 34% of patients. we also found coronavirus-like particles and astrovirus-like particles in 25 and 5 stools, respectively. improvements are awaited to demonstrate the responsibility of these virus in gastroenteritis.	1978	214002
role of rotavirus (reo-like) in weanling diarrhea of pigs.	piglets weaned abruptly and precociously at 3 weeks of age and placed in a crowded nursery commenced diarrhea 3 to 5 days later. death losses were low (approximately 6%), but weight gain ceased for 2 weeks. large numbers of rotavirus (reo-like) particles were seen by electron microscopy in diarrhetic fluids. sections of intestines showed a loss of adsorptive surface in that villi were shortened and fused with adjacent villi. immunofluorescence revealed rotaviral antigens within damaged enterocyt ...	1978	214458
secretory antibody directed against rotavirus in human milk--measurement by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.	human milk contains antibodies to a variety of enteropathic agents. we utilized the method of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to investigate anti-rotavirus secretory iga in 113 human milk and colostral specimens from a rural area in guatemala, 32 colostral specimens from an urban area of costa rica, and 12 from an urban area of the united states. anti-rotavirus sciga was found in all colostral samples and in 94% of the milk specimans. both the absolute concentration of anti-rotavirus sciga and ...	1978	214534
nosocomial infantile gastroenteritis associated with minirotavirus and calicivirus.		1978	214535
detection of antibody to rotavirus by counterimmunoelectrophoresis in human serum, colostrum, and milk.		1978	214536
isolation of a reovirus-like agent (rotavirus) from neonatal calf diarrhea in japan.		1978	214670
[rota virus infantile gastroenteritis: clinical and epidemiological study].		1978	218164
prevalence of rotavirus antibody in infants and children.		1978	217819
isolation of rotavirus from foals with diarrhoea.	a rotavirus, morphologically similar to other known rotaviruses, was demonstrated in the faeces of 5 foals with diarrhoea on two properties. four of these 5 samples produced specific intracytoplasmic fluorescence in cell culture when reacted with calf rotavirus antiserum conjugate. sixteen affected foals from both properties were depressed, did not suckle and became recumbent. most had a watery diarrhoea which lasted for 3 days and resulted in some dehydration and loss of body condition. sick fo ...	1978	215112
[detection of an agent similar to rotavirus in infantile gastroenteritis].	the etiology of nonbacterial enterovirus infections in children was studied in autumn and winter under conditions of focal outbreaks in moscow hospitals. electron microscopy revealed a reovirus-like agent in concentrated suspensions of feces collected in the acute period of the disease from children suffering from diarrhea. examinations of paired sera from the patients by the cf test with the antigen of nebraska calf disease virus established significant rises in antibody titers in 68.3% of case ...	1978	216151
[rotavirus gastroenteritides in infants and toddlers].		1978	216499
simplified radioimmunoassay for detection of human rotavirus in stools.	a simplified radioimmunoassay (ria) technique was developed to facilitate the diagnosis of human rotavirus in stools of infants with diarrhea. this microtiter solid-phase ria utilizes as a critical reagent hyperimmune serum against a tissue culture-grown simian rotavirus that is immunologically closely related to the human agent. one hundred thirteen pediatric stool samples were tested. thiry-five specimens known to be positive for rotavirus by electron microscopy were also positive by ria. all ...	1978	216754
the effect of vaccination on titres of antibody to rotavirus in colostrum and milk.	the continued presence of antibody to rotavirus in the gut of the neonatal ruminant has been shown to be important in protecting against clinical disease associated with rotavirus infections. this effect is dependant upon the amount of antibody included in the diet. titres of antibody to rotavirus may be relatively high in ruminant mammary secretions immediately after parturition but decline rapidly over the course of the first day. the influence of vaccination on the titres of antibody, the con ...	1978	218490
the influence of colostrum on neonatal rotaviral infections.		1978	218491
the detection of rotavirus specific antibody in colostrum and milk by elisa.	the blocking method of elisa for the detection and titration of rotavirus-specific antibody in colostrum is described. the results obtained were positively correlated with those of a neutralizing antibody test. on one farm colostrum samples were obtained over a period of 18 months. no relationship was found between the titer of colostrum obtained shortly after calving, and the development of rotavirus-associated diarrhoea in calves. on a second farm only samples obtained during the calving seaso ...	1978	218492
agents affecting health of mother and child in a rural area of kenya. xi. antibodies against rotavirus in sera from children living in the machakos district of kenya.	207 sera from children under 5 years of age and living in the machakos district in kenya were tested in the complement fixation test for antibodies against rotavirus. two different antigens were used. the superiority of 'o' antigen over nebraska calf diarrhoea virus antigen was confirmed. after a fall to 29 percent in the 6-8 months age group, the percentage of children with antibodies quickly rises with age to 80 percent at the age of 24 months and to practically 100 percent at the age of 30 mo ...	1978	219569
scanning electron microscopy of abomasium and intestine of gnotoxenic calves infected either with rotavirus, coronarivus or enteropathogenic escherichia coli or with rotavirus and e. coli.	neonatal calf diarrhoea induced with several agents of infection was studied by scanning electron microscopy. in a gnotoxenic calf infected with e. coli k99+ ent+, slight lesions of the small intestine were observed and desquamation or puffiness of microvilli occurred. in rotavirus-infected calves, the abomasum was covered with abudant mucous film and appeared to be desquamated. in the small intestine, no desquamation of epithelium was observed. inoculation of the rotavirus and e. coli induced s ...	1978	219752
the experimental production of diarrhoea in colostrum deprived axenic and gnotoxenic calves with enteropathogenic escherichia coli, rotavirus, coronavirus and in a combined infection of rotavirus and e. coli.	we attempted to produce diarrhoea experimentally in the newborn calf by orally injecting 17 colostrum-deprived calves with two serotypes of escherichia coli ent+ k99+, a rotavirus and a coronavirus. with e. coli alone, a dose of 2 x 10(8) bacteria administered 24 hours after birth causes a mild attack of diarrhoea, whereas 1 x 10(10) bacteria leads to dehydration and death. an inoculation of rotavirus is followed by diarrhoea which always contains large quantities of rotavirus. these animals wer ...	1978	219751
epidemiology of human rotavirus types 1 and 2 as studied by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.	to determine the relative importance of two known serotypes of human rotavirus, we developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to differentiate serotype-specific rotavirus antigen and antibody. using this technic, we studied the epidemiology of the two serotypes in acute gastroenteritis. seventy-seven per cent of 414 rotavirus isolates were type 2, and the remainder were type 1. the serotype distribution was similar in specimens from children in washington, d.c., and other parts of the world. ...	1978	212678
[corona- and rotavirus enteritis in newborn calves in bulgaria].	in the course of investigations into enteritis enzootics in newly-born calves, 55 fecal samples have been studied through direct electron microscopy by the negative contrast method. rota viruses were found in eight of them, corona viruses in 38.2 per cent of the cases, and both rota- and corona viruses in 49.1 per cent of the cases. two types of rota-viral particles were observed: with and without supercapsids. also two types of corona-viral particles were established. the first type was relativ ...	1978	223276
neonatal calf diarrhea caused by a virus that induces villous epithelial cell syncytia.	intestinal lesions caused by a virus serologically unrelated to the calf diarrheal rotavirus or coronavirus were studied in gnotobiotic calves. the virion purified from feces from infected calves was a fringed particle with a diameter of about 100 nm. the incubation period from time of inoculation per orum to onset of diarrhea in calves was as short as 8 hours. the viral infection in bacteria-free calves or calves not contaminated with pathogenic bacteria caused severe illness for only 24 hours. ...	1978	98080
pattern of shedding of two noncultivable viruses in stools of newborn babies.	noncultivable viruses have been associated with diarrhea affecting newborn babies in obstetric hospital nurseries. persisting infection in a special care nursery in melbourne, australia, permitted a study of the pattern of excretion of these viruses. ten babies admitted to the nursery within 2 hr of birth were randomly selected for prospective study. feces were collected daily for 14 days and were examined by electron microscopy. all ten babies excreted detectable amounts of duovirus (rotavirus, ...	1978	98612
location of type-specific antigens in calf rotaviruses.	rotavirus antisera with and without neutralizing activity to calf rotavirus were compared for their ability to agglutinate calf rotavirus particles with and without an outer capsid layer. particles without the outer capsid layer were agglutinated by antisera with immunofluorescent antibody activity and by antisera with immunofluorescent antibody and neutralizing activity. particles with the outer capsid layer were agglutinated only by antisera with neutralizing activity. the neutralization test ...	1978	84819
sugar intolerance in rotavirus gastroenteritis.		1978	79824
search by immunofluorescence for antigens of rotavirus, pseudomonas maltophilia, and mycobacterium kansasii in crohn's disease.	crohn's-disease tissue was tested by indirect immunofluorescence for antigens of rotavirus, pseudomonas maltophilia, and mycobacterium kansasii. no reactions were obtained with anti-serum to p. maltophilia and m. kansasii, and a granular fluorescence seen with rotavirus antibody was probably non-specific.	1978	80631
classification of rotaviruses: report from the world health organization/food and agriculture organization comparative virology program.	the reoviridae working team was established under the world health organization/food and agriculture organization comparative virology program in 1975. the generic name rotavirus has been adopted for the reovirus-like agents associated with diarrhea in man and animals, and the nebraska calf diarrheal virus strain of bovine rotavirus has been selected as a candidate reference virus. stocks of this virus and of gnotobiotic calf antiserum have been prepared. antigenic differences among rotaviruses ...	1978	81198
sequential enteric illnesses associated with different rotavirus serotypes.		1978	78225
comparison of sucrose with glucose in oral therapy of infant diarrhoea.	in a randomised double-blind trial, 51 5--10% dehydrated infants were rehydrated with oral electrolyte solutions containing sucrose or glucose. most infants in both groups were successfully rehydrated, but the sucrose solution produced a slower correction of electrolyte abnormalities and a higher percentage of patients who needed more than 24 h of therapy. where there is adequate knowledge of the oral therapy method sucrose can substitute for glucose in many cases; where there is a choice glucos ...	1978	79080
rotaviruses.		1978	80441
recurrent rotavirus gastroenteritis.		1978	76904
rotavirus infections of apes.		1978	79844
different serotypes of human rotaviruses.		1978	74513
serotypes of human rotavirus.		1978	74514
anti-rotavirus antibody in human colostrum.		1978	74515
anti-rotavirus antibody in human colostrum.		1978	76105
rotavirus infections of neonates.		1978	76780
secretory iga antibody to rotavirus in human milk 6--9 months postpartum.		1978	80554
more serotypes of human rotavirus.		1978	80556
the rotaviruses.		1978	77663
asymptomatic endemic rotavirus infections in the newborn.	between may 1, 1976, and may 14, 1977, 343 (32.5%) of 1056 5-day-old babies in newborn nurseries excreted rotaviruses. the infection-rate was highest during winter (49%). 76% of infected babies at this time were bottle-fed. 41% of neonates excreted low amounts of virus (less than or equal to 10(8) particles/g faeces); older children tended to excrete greater than 10(10) particles/g faeces. infected breast-fed babies excreted less virus than those who were bottle-fed. stools of breast-fed babies ...	1978	77944
physicochemical properties of nebraska calf diarrhea virus hemagglutinin.	highly purified nebraska calf diarrhea virus (ncdv) was prepared by cesium chloride density gradient centrifugation. the effect of temperature, ph, different concentrations of formaldehyde, chloroform, ether, ethyl alcohol, and methyl alcohol on ncdv hemagglutinin and virus morphology was studied. ncdv hemagglutinin was inactivated by temperature, ph 2.0, chloroform, ethyl alcohol, and methyl alcohol.	1978	33758
rotavirus infection in high-incidence lactase-deficiency population.		1978	75362
hemagglutination and hemagglutination-inhibition studies with a strain of nebraska calf diarrhea virus (bovine rotavirus).	a hemagglutinin has been prepared from nebraska calf diarrhea virus (ncdv) propagated in bs-c-1 cell line. after cesium chloride centrifugation, the hemagglutinin of the bovine rotavirus was found to be associated with intact virions (density 1.355 g/ml) but not with virions lacking an outer capsid layer (density 1.375 g/ml). in hemagglutination-inhibition (hai) tests, the hemagglutinin reacted specifically with ncdv serum, and hai seroconversions were detected in some sera tested. cross-reactio ...	1978	201585
comparison between adsorption of poliovirus and rotavirus by aluminum hydroxide and activated sludge flocs.	adsorption of poliovirus and rotavirus by aluminum hydroxide and activated sludge flocs was studied. both aluminum hydroxide and activated sludge flocs adsorbed greater amounts of poliovirus than rotavirus. aluminum hydroxide flocs reduced the titer of poliovirus in tap water by 3 log10, but they only reduced the titer of a simian rotovirus (sa-11) in tap water by 1 log10 or less and did not noticeably reduce the number of human rotavirus particles present in a dilute stool suspension. activated ...	1978	205173
diagnosis of viral agents associated with neonatal calf diarrhea.	during this study, 134 samples have been examined for the detection of the viruses associated with neonatal calf diarrhea. the presence of nebraska viruses (rotavirus and coronavirus) has been demonstrated by using the electron microscope and the fluorescent antibody techniques while the presence of other viruses has been detected by the observation of a cytopathic effect on monolayer cells of calf testis. the nebraska viruses have been demonstrated in 107 (80%) out of 134 field case specimens. ...	1978	208735
pathogenesis of porcine rotaviral infection in experimentally inoculated gnotobiotic pigs.	porcine rotavirus was shown to infect gnotobiotic pigs and induce an acute enteric disease clinically characterized by diarrhea, anorexia, depression, and occasional vomition. onset of clinical signs correlated closely with the appearance of lesions within the small intestinal mucosa, and recovery from infection was associated with the regeneration of normal, functional villous epithelium. villous atrophy, especially in the caudal two-thirds of the small intestine, was the consistent lesion obse ...	1978	204232
calf rotavirus: detection of outer capsid glycoproteins by lectins.		1978	204517
central nervous system involvement in patients with rotavirus gastroenteritis.	two children with rotavirus gastroenteritis are presented. the first case developed a fatal reye's syndrome and the other one encephalitis with slow recovery. the rotavirus diagnosis was made in both cases by electron microscopy and a significant rise in antibody titres to nebraska calf diarrhea virus was seen in one of the two patients.	1978	204984
[rotaviruses as pathogens for calf diarrhea: prevalence of complement fixing antibodies in fattening calves].		1978	204995
trypsin and bovine rotavirus replication.		1978	205033
routine diagnosis of human rotaviruses in stools.	electron microscopy, immune electron microscopy and complement fixation as methods of detecting rotavirus in the stools of young children with gastroenteritis were compared in a blind study during the winter of 1975-6. complement fixation was the simplest to perform, was as sensitive as the other two, and allowed a quantitative measurement of viral excretion. absorption of faecal extracts with fetal calf serum usually removed the anticomplementary activity of faecal extracts.	1978	204665
nosocomial rotavirus gastroenteritis in a neonatal nursery.		1978	206997
intestinal damage in rotavirus infected calves assessed by d-xylose malabsorption.		1978	207007
[existence of 2 types of rotavirus associated with acute gastroenteritis in children].	rotaviruses found in the stools of different infants, hospitalized in the hospital del niño del dif, may be grouped into at least two types according to their rna composition. the viral rna composition was analyzed by electrophoresis in agarose gels. the different types can be distinguished by the mobility of the second larger of the 11 segments that make up the viral rna.	1978	203294
[diagnosis of rotavirus using viral rna electrophoresis].	rotavirus has emerged as a major agent of acute enteritis of infants. a rapid and simple technique has been developed for its detection, based on the visualization of the viral rna electrophoretic pattern. this technique takes advantage of the large amount of rotavirus present in the stools and the high sensitivity for detection of rna obtained with ethidium bromide.	1978	203295
human rotavirus and its antibody: their coexistence in feces of infants.	rotavirus and its antibody were detected by paper disk solid-phase radioimmunoassay or electron microscopy in feces of infants and young children with acute diarrhea. the fecal specimens in which rotavirus was detectable often contained a high titer of antibodies, which were shown by radioimmunoassay to belong mainly to the immunoglobulin g class. rotavirus was rarely detected in the specimens containing immunoglobulin a antibodies. by dissociation tests carried out by radioimmunoassay, it was s ...	1978	207717
a simple method for concentration of enteroviruses and rotaviruses from cell culture harvests using membrane filters.	organic compounds in cell culture harvests known as membrane-coating components (mcc) prevent virus adsorption to membrane filters. blending cell culture harvests with fluorocarbon removed the mcc and permitted adsorption of virus in acidified harvests to epoxy-fiberglass filters. subsequent elution with high ph buffer resulted in recovery of greater than 90% of the virus with concentrations of up to 100-fold.	1978	202572
rotavirus in travelers' diarrhea: study of an adult student population in mexico.	the role of rotavirus in adult diarrhea was evaluated in 165 students attending a mexican university. students were divided into three groups: newly arrived summer students from the united sttes, regular students from the united states, and mexican and venezuelan students. ninety-one students with diarrhea and 74 corresponding, matched, asymptomatic control students were included in the study. the frequency of rotavirus in stools was determined by electron microscopy with use of the pseudoreplic ...	1978	204710
the role of breast-feeding in the prevention of rotavirus infection.	breast-fed infants are less susceptible to gastroenteritis than bottle-fed infants. antibodies against rotavirus, the major pathogen of infantile gastroenteritis, were sought in human sera, colostrum and milk specimens by immunofluorescence. an experimental murine-rotavirus model was established by infecting the second litters of dams 4 weeks after infecting their first litters. antibodies were absent from human and murine colostrum and milk specimens despite being present in virtually all sera, ...	1978	202710
mechanisms in the pathogenesis of diarrhea: a review.		1978	203563
rotavirus as a cause of diarrhea in pigs.	a rotavirus (reovirus-like agent) was associated with diarrheal diseases occurring in 1- to 4-week-old suckling pigs in 8 herds and in weaned pigs in 2 herds. transmissible gastroenteritis virus was also detected in 2 of these herds, as was enteropathogenic escherichia coli in 5 herds. morbidity was generally greater than 80% in pigs of the affected age group within these herds, and mortality from diarrhea ranged from 7 to 20%. the disease due to rotavirus in suckling pigs appeared similar to th ...	1978	203565
[epidemiological aspects of gastroenteritis dut to rotavirus].	during december 1976 to january-march 1977, 13/53 children less than 5 years of age were admitted with acute enteritis caused by rotaviruses to the hospital del niño, dif. there is already convincing evidence that this new virus will prove to be the most important etiological agent of sporadic acute enteritis in young children.	1978	202294
simian rotavirus (sa 11) in serodiagnosis of human rotavirus infections.	tests were made on 169 sera from children up to 10 years of age for rotavirus antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence and complement fixation tests. the simian strain sa 11 served as a substitute antigen for the human rotavirus. furthermore, the sa 11 complement-fixing antigen was compared with a commercial antigen of the bovine rotavirus strain ncdv. it was demonstrated that sa 11 which can be more easily propagated than most bovine strains, may be used as a substitute antigen in complement f ...	1979	86940
biophysical properties of a non-cultivable 29-nm enteric virus.	a 29 nm non-cultivable virus (ncv) was detected in faecal extracts from children hospitalized for gastroenteritis. the ncv had a density of 1.35 g/ml in glycerol-potassium tartrate density gradients and was resistant to degradation by proteolytic enzymes, non-ionic detergents and ph extremes. the surface of these virus particles had knob-like projections which appeared to have a symmetrical arrangement. when heated to 56 degrees c, the virus was completely degraded to soluble components which co ...	1979	43359
activation of rotavirus rna polymerase by calcium chelation.	two types of particles were isolated during purification of rotavirus. dense (d) particles have a density of 1.38 in cscl and exhibit spontaneously a fully active endogenous transcriptase. light (l) particles (density of 1.36 in cscl) need to be treated with chelating agents to show a polymerase activity. the activation process of l particles was studied under strictly controlled monovalent, divalent, and hydrogen ion concentrations. these experiments demonstrate that i) activation is not affect ...	1979	41504
influence of ph, salinity, and organic matter on the adsorption of enteric viruses to estuarine sediment.	this study was designed to determine the degree of adsorption of enteric viruses to marine sediment and factors controlling this association. adsorption and elution characteristics of several enteroviruses and one rotavirus to estuarine sediments were studied under varying conditions of ph, salinity, and presence of soluble organics. greater than 99% of the added poliovirus type 1 (lsc), coxsackievirus type b3 (nancy), echovirus type 7 (wallace), and rotavirus (sa-11) adsorbed to sediment. echov ...	1979	39508
rotavirus stability and inactivation.	the stability of the infectivity of simian rotavirus, sa11, has been analysed and compared to the stability of reovirus type 1. sa11 infectivity was stable to freeze-thawing, sonication, incubation at 25 degrees c overnight or at 37 degrees c for 1 h and to treatment with acid, ether, chloroform and genetron. in contrast to reovirus, the infectivity of sa11 was more rapidly inactivated by heating at 50 degrees c. sa11 infectivity was inactivated above ph 10.0 and by heating at 50 degrees c in 2 ...	1979	39115
the rotavirus syndrome.		1979	89290