Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| on-site reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction detection of rotaviruses concentrated from environmental water samples using methacrylate monolithic supports. | rotaviruses are the leading cause of gastroenteritis in children and they exist widely in water environments. ingestion of 10-100 viral particles is enough to initiate disease, what calls for extremely sensitive detection methods. in this study we have confirmed the validity of a recently published method for rotavirus concentration and detection based on the combination of methacrylate monoliths and real-time reverse transcription-quantitative pcr (rt-qpcr). the method was used to concentrate r ... | 2010 | 21040925 |
| quantification and molecular characterization of enteric viruses detected in effluents from two hospital wastewater treatment plants. | hospital wastewater has been described as an important source of spreading pathogenic microorganisms in the environment. however, there are few studies reporting the presence and concentrations of gastroenteric viruses and hepatitis a viruses in these environmental matrices. the aim of this study was to assess the contamination by viruses responsible for acute gastroenteritis and hepatitis derived from hospital wastewater treatment plants (wwtps). rotavirus a (rv-a), human adenoviruses (hadv), n ... | 2010 | 21040941 |
| benign infantile seizures associated with gastroenteritis and benign infantile seizures alone in the same patients: related syndromes or coincidental entities? | we report two patients, the first one had benign infantile seizures (bis) associated with gastroenteritis (bisg), followed by bis without gastroenteritis, in the second patient bis was followed by bisg related to anti-rotavirus vaccine. after 12 and 6 months of follow-up, both patients had normal psychomotor development. bisg may be a situation-related seizure, a coincidental entity associated with bis. however the case evolutions suggested that both bis and bisg are related syndromes. | 2010 | 21041066 |
| epidemiology and burden of rotavirus infection among children in hangzhou, china. | rotavirus is the most common cause of acute diarrhea in children younger than 5 years worldwide. however, few data have been collected on children with rotavirus diarrhea basing on outpatient department surveillance. | 2010 | 21041114 |
| [detection of bovine rotavirus g10p[11] in a diary farm in daqing, china]. | group a rotavirus are the most frequently detected viral agent associated with the acute diarrhea in calves. in order to investigate the situation of rotavirus strains circulating in diary farms, a total of 117 fecal specimens were collected from diarrhea calves under 4 weeks-age on yinluo diary farm in daqing region in china from 2008 to 2009. ten specimens were detected to be positive by a rotavirus group a diagnostic kit, which confirmed that the rotavirus was important viral agent associated ... | 2010 | 21043143 |
| spotlight on pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (rotateq) in the prevention of rotavirus gastroenteritis in europe. | in europe, rotavirus gastroenteritis is associated with a significant health, economic, and social burden, as it is responsible for large numbers of hospitalizations and other healthcare encounters among infants and children, as well as numerous days of work lost by parents and caregivers. rotateq is a three-dose, orally administered, live, pentavalent human-bovine reassortant rotavirus vaccine used for the active immunization of infants for prevention of rotavirus gastroenteritis. the protectiv ... | 2010 | 21043548 |
| characterising aquifer treatment for pathogens in managed aquifer recharge. | in this study the value of subsurface treatment of urban stormwater during aquifer storage transfer recovery (astr) is characterised using quantitative microbial risk assessment (qmra) methodology. the astr project utilizes a multi-barrier treatment train to treat urban stormwater but to date the role of the aquifer has not been quantified. in this study it was estimated that the aquifer barrier provided 1.4, 2.6, >6.0 log(10) removals for rotavirus, cryptosporidium and campylobacter respectivel ... | 2010 | 21045325 |
| high level of gastrointestinal nosocomial infections in the german surveillance system, 2002-2008. | surveillance of nosocomial infections (nis) is well established in many countries but often does not include gastrointestinal infections. we sought to determine the proportion of nis among all hospitalized cases for the 4 most prevalent types of gastrointestinal infections in germany. | 2010 | 21047180 |
| whole-genome characterization of human group c rotaviruses: identification of two lineages in the vp3 gene. | group c rotavirus (gcrv) is distributed worldwide as an enteric pathogen in humans and animals. however, to date, whole-genome sequences are available only for a human strain (bristol) and a porcine strain (cowden). to investigate the genetic diversity of human gcrvs, nearly full-length sequences of all 11 rna segments were determined for human gcrvs detected recently in india (v508), bangladesh (bs347), china (wu82 and ynr001) and japan (oh567 and bk0830) and analysed phylogenetically with sequ ... | 2010 | 21048036 |
| development of a bacillus subtilis-based rotavirus vaccine. | bacillus subtilis vaccine strains engineered to express either group a bovine or murine rotavirus vp6 were tested in adult mice for their ability to induce immune responses and provide protection against rotavirus challenge. mice were inoculated intranasally with spores or vegetative cells of the recombinant strains of b. subtilis. to enhance mucosal immunity, whole cholera toxin (ct) or a mutant form (r192g) of escherichia coli heat-labile toxin (mlt) were included as adjuvants. to evaluate vac ... | 2010 | 20810679 |
| outbreak of neonatal gastroenteritis associated with astrovirus serotype 1 at a hospital in inner mongolia, china. | this report describes for the first time an outbreak of acute gastroenteritis among neonates associated with human astrovirus (hastv) serotype 1b at a maternity hospital in inner mongolia, china. of 40 specimens, 28 were astrovirus positive and rotavirus, calicivirus, and adenovirus negative. poor hygiene likely contributed to the spread and persistence of hastv in the neonatal care room. | 2010 | 20810774 |
| prevention of rotavirus infections in vitro with aqueous extracts of quillaja saponaria molina. | rotavirus is the leading cause of severe diarrhea disease in newborns and young children worldwide, estimated to be responsible for over 300,000 childhood deaths every year, mostly in developing countries. rotavirus-related deaths represent approximately 5% of all deaths in children younger than 5 years of age worldwide. saponins are readily soluble in water and are approved by the us fda for inclusion in beverages intended for human consumption. the addition of saponins to existing water suppli ... | 2010 | 20725585 |
| antibodies to pathogenic livestock viruses in a wild vicuña (vicugna vicugna) population in the argentinean andean altiplano. | serum samples from 128 wild vicuñas (vicugna vicugna) were tested for antibodies (ab) to rotavirus (rv), bovine parainfluenza virus 3 (bpiv-3), bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1), bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv-1), foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv), bluetongue virus (btv), equine herpesvirus-1 (ehv-1), and influenza a virus equine (eiv). samples were collected in cieneguillas province of jujuy, in northern argentina. feces from 44 vicuñas were also collected to investigate rv shedding. llamas (la ... | 2010 | 20688660 |
| reduction in acute gastroenteritis hospitalizations among us children after introduction of rotavirus vaccine: analysis of hospital discharge data from 18 us states. | in 2006, rotateq (rv5) was recommended for routine vaccination of united states (us) infants. we compared hospitalization rates for acute gastroenteritis among us children aged <5 years during pre-rv5 rotavirus seasons from 2000 through 2006 with those during the post-rv5 2007 and 2008 seasons. | 2010 | 20402596 |
| mouse intestinal villi as a model system for studies of rotavirus infection. | rotavirus replicates in the mature enterocytes lining the villi of the small intestine and the availability of an in vitro system for culturing these natural target cells would contribute to substantial advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis of rotavirus. a novel in vitro system was established for culturing isolated small intestinal villi from suckling mice, and the susceptibility of the villus cells to the wild-type murine rotavirus edim-cambridge (ecwt) infection was assessed by im ... | 2010 | 20403385 |
| acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis (sweet's syndrome) in a child, associated with a rotavirus infection: a case report. | abstract: | 2010 | 20727148 |
| estimating the primary etiologic agents in recreational freshwaters impacted by human sources of faecal contamination. | epidemiology studies of recreational waters have demonstrated that swimmers exposed to faecally-contaminated recreational waters are at risk of excess gastrointestinal illness. epidemiology studies provide valuable information on the nature and extent of health effects, the magnitude of risks, and how these risks are modified or associated with levels of faecal contamination and other measures of pollution. however, such studies have not provided information about the specific microbial agents t ... | 2010 | 20728915 |
| exploring model uncertainty in economic evaluation of health interventions: the example of rotavirus vaccination in vietnam. | motivated by observed discrepancies between 2 published studies on the cost-effectiveness of rotavirus vaccination in vietnam, the authors' objectives were to illustrate a specific, systematic approach to assessing model (structure and process) uncertainty and to quantify explicitly the contributions of different sources of variation in the outputs of different studies that share the same research question. | 2010 | 20729510 |
| pentavalent rotavirus vaccine and prevention of gastroenteritis hospitalizations in australia. | a publicly funded, universal infant pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (rv5) program was implemented in queensland, australia, in mid-2007. we sought to assess vaccine effectiveness (ve) of 3 doses of rv5 at preventing rotavirus and nonrotavirus acute gastroenteritis (age) hospitalizations in the first birth cohort and impact on hospitalizations in all age groups. | 2010 | 20732946 |
| plasmon-induced inactivation of enteric pathogenic microorganisms with ag-agi/al2o3 under visible-light irradiation. | the plasmon-induced photocatalytic inactivation of enteric pathogenic microorganisms in water using ag-agi/al(2)o(3) under visible-light irradiation was investigated. the catalyst was found to be highly effective at killing shigella dysenteriae (s. dysenteriae), escherichia coli (e. coli), and human rotavirus type 2 wa (hrv-wa). its bactericidal efficiency was significantly enhanced by hco(3)(-) and so(4)(2-) ions, which are common in water, while phosphate had a slightly positive effect on the ... | 2010 | 20734989 |
| probiotics in the treatment of acute rotavirus diarrhoea. a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial using two different probiotic preparations in bolivian children. | evidence suggests that probiotics reduce rotavirus diarrhoea duration. although there are several probiotic strains potentially useful, daily practice is often limited by the type and number of products locally available. in general, information about combined products is scarce. in this study we compare the effect of two probiotic products in the treatment of diarrhoea in children less than 2 years of age. | 2010 | 20735858 |
| the american society for virology--29th annual meeting. | the american society for virology 29th annual meeting, held in bozeman, mt, usa, included topics covering new vaccine technologies, delivery methods and treatments in the field of virology. this conference report highlights selected presentations on human norovirus (hunov), sars coronavirus and rift valley fever virus vaccine technologies; programmed cell death-1 (pd1) blockade and hyperacute alpha-gal platform technology methods; aerosol vaccination delivery; novel technologies to produce influ ... | 2010 | 20799142 |
| sequential generalized likelihood ratio tests for vaccine safety evaluation. | the evaluation of vaccine safety involves pre-clinical animal studies, pre-licensure randomized clinical trials, and post-licensure safety studies. sequential design and analysis are of particular interest because they allow early termination of the trial or quick detection that the vaccine exceeds a prescribed bound on the adverse event rate. after a review of the recent developments in this area, we propose a new class of sequential generalized likelihood ratio tests for evaluating adverse eve ... | 2010 | 20799244 |
| detection of rotavirus a in sewage samples using multiplex qpcr and an evaluation of the ultracentrifugation and adsorption-elution methods for virus concentration. | group a rotaviruses (rv-a) are the most common agents of viral gastroenteritis in children worldwide. the goal of this study was to compare two different methods to concentrate rv-a from sewage samples and to improve the detection and quantification of rv-a using a multiplex quantitative pcr assay with an internal control. both rv-a and the internal control virus, bacteriophage pp7, were seeded into wastewater and then concentrated using either an ultrafiltration-based adsorption-elution protoco ... | 2010 | 20804786 |
| evaluation of the prevalence of enterotoxigenic bacteroides fragilis and the distribution bft gene subtypes in patients with diarrhea. | the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of enterotoxigenic bacteroides fragilis (etbf) in the patients with diarrhea in our region and to assess the association between diarrhea and bft gene subtypes. the presence of etbf and bft gene subtypes were investigated in 200 stool samples from patients with diarrhea, diagnosed as gastroenteritis, which were sent to clinical microbiology laboratory at zonguldak karaelmas university, training and research hospital and in 200 stool samples f ... | 2010 | 20709181 |
| prevention of rotavirus gastroenteritis in infants and children: rotavirus vaccine safety, efficacy, and potential impact of vaccines. | rotavirus infection is the most common cause of severe gastroenteritis globally, with greater than 86% of deaths occurring in low-income and middle-income countries. there are two rotavirus vaccines currently licensed in the united states and prequalified by the world health organization. rv1 is a monovalent attenuated human rotavirus strain, given orally in two doses. rv5 is a pentavalent human-bovine reassortant rotavirus vaccine, given orally in three doses. a third rotavirus vaccine, llv, is ... | 2010 | 20714358 |
| rotavirus and coeliac autoimmunity among adults with non-specific gastrointestinal symptoms. | to determine celiac disease (cd) serology and rotavirus (rv) by polymerase reaction (pcr) in adults with non-specific gastrointestinal complaints. | 2010 | 20714687 |
| cryptosporidium infection in herds with and without calf diarrhoeal problems. | a case-control study was designed to investigate the role of different cryptosporidium spp. in swedish dairy herds with and without calf diarrhoeal problems. faecal samples were collected from preweaned calves, young stock and cows. cryptosporidium oocysts were detected by sodium chloride flotation and epifluorescence microscopy. molecular diagnostics were used to identify cryptosporidium species. samples containing c. parvum were further analysed to determine subtypes. calf faecal samples were ... | 2010 | 20714750 |
| an inside job: subversion of the host secretory pathway by intestinal pathogens. | the cellular secretory pathway, composed of the endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, and cellular vesicles, mediates the intracellular trafficking of proteins and lipids. gastrointestinal pathogens frequently affect the functions of enterocytes, the differentiated cells involved in secretion and absorption of extracellular molecules. microbial pathogenesis can be enhanced by altering the trafficking of key molecules such as brush border enzymes, soluble immune mediators such as cytokines and ... | 2010 | 20717028 |
| improving the performance of enteric vaccines in the developing world. | vaccines against important enteric pathogens such as rotavirus and poliovirus have shown lower efficacy in some populations. the application of new technologies and diverse scientific disciplines are needed to realize the promise of truly universal and effective solutions to combat those and other enteric diseases. | 2010 | 20720580 |
| cholera toxin b subunit modulation of mucosal vaccines for infectious and autoimmune diseases. | parenteral vaccination is generally considered to be the most effective form of therapy for protection against infectious diseases. in recent years, vaccination at mucosal surfaces and combinatorial vaccination strategies that link immunostimulatory molecules to antigens have been developed to enhance vaccine efficacy. prominent among immunological enhancement strategies are the bacterial a and b toxins, which include the cholera toxin (ct)a and ctb subunits. in contrast to the toxic cta subunit ... | 2010 | 20721834 |
| multiplex semi-nested rt-pcr with exogenous internal control for simultaneous detection of bovine coronavirus and group a rotavirus. | neonatal calf diarrhea is a multi-etiology syndrome of cattle and direct detection of the two major agents of the syndrome, group a rotavirus and bovine coronavirus (bcov) is hampered by their fastidious growth in cell culture. this study aimed at developing a multiplex semi-nested rt-pcr for simultaneous detection of bcov (n gene) and group a rotavirus (vp1 gene) with the addition of an internal control (mrna nd5). the assay was tested in 75 bovine feces samples tested previously for rotavirus ... | 2010 | 20723564 |
| reversible cytotoxic oedema in the splenium of the corpus callosum related to tetracycline therapy. | we report a symptomatic girl with reversible circumscribed cytotoxic oedema in the splenium of the corpus callosum (cc) that occurred, to our knowledge, for the first time in relation to tetracycline treatment. after stopping tetracycline therapy the girl recovered completely and the cc lesion, clearly visible on diffusion-weighted mr imaging (dwi), disappeared. reversible circumscribed cytotoxic oedema (cco) of the splenium of the cc is a well-defined entity that is found to be associated with ... | 2010 | 20689948 |
| a novel rt-multiplex pcr for detection of aichi virus, human parechovirus, enteroviruses, and human bocavirus among infants and children with acute gastroenteritis. | a novel reverse transcription-multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay was developed to detect aichi virus, human parechovirus, enteroviruses, and human bocavirus. a mixture of four pairs of published specific primers, 6261 and 6779, ev22(+) and ev22(-), f1 and r1, 188f and 542r, was used to amplify the viral genomes and specifically generate four different amplicon sizes of 519, 270, 440, and 354 bp for aichi virus, human parechovirus, enteroviruses, and human bocavirus, respectively. a total ... | 2010 | 20691209 |
| efficacy of pentavalent rotavirus vaccine against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis in infants in developing countries in sub-saharan africa: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. | rotavirus gastroenteritis causes many deaths in infants in sub-saharan africa. because rotavirus vaccines have proven effective in developed countries but had not been tested in developing countries, we assessed efficacy of a pentavalent rotavirus vaccine against severe disease in ghana, kenya, and mali between april, 2007, and march, 2009. | 2010 | 20692030 |
| efficacy of pentavalent rotavirus vaccine against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis in infants in developing countries in asia: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. | rotavirus vaccine has proved effective for prevention of severe rotavirus gastroenteritis in infants in developed countries, but no efficacy studies have been done in developing countries in asia. we assessed the clinical efficacy of live oral pentavalent rotavirus vaccine for prevention of severe rotavirus gastroenteritis in infants in bangladesh and vietnam. | 2010 | 20692031 |
| rotavirus: realising the potential of a promising vaccine. | 2010 | 20692032 | |
| acute pancreatitis due to rotavirus gastroenteritis in a child. | serum amylase can be elevated in various pathological conditions, but its primary application is as a biochemical test for the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. acute gastroenteritis has not been widely recognized as a cause for hyperamylasemia and pancreatitis. | 2010 | 20693860 |
| nosocomial rotavirus gastroenteritis in pediatric patients: a multi-center prospective cohort study. | few data are available on the incidence of nosocomial rotavirus infections (nrvi) in pediatric hospitals and on their economic impact. the goals of this study were: to evaluate the incidence of nrvi in various italian pediatric wards during the course of two peak rv seasons; to investigate possible risk factors for nrvi; to estimate the costs caused by nrvi. | 2010 | 20696065 |
| assessment of adenovirus, hepatitis a virus and rotavirus presence in environmental samples in florianopolis, south brazil. | to assess the presence of human adenovirus (hadv), hepatitis a (hav) virus and rotavirus a (rv-a) in environmental samples from the southern region of brazil and to provide viral contamination data for further epidemiological studies and governmental actions. | 2010 | 20698910 |
| burden of paediatric rotavirus gastroenteritis (rvge) and potential benefits of a universal rotavirus vaccination programme with a pentavalent vaccine in spain. | rotavirus is the most common cause of gastroenteritis in young children worldwide. the aim of the study was to assess the health outcomes and the economic impact of a universal rotavirus vaccination programme with rotateq, the pentavalent rotavirus vaccine, versus no vaccination programme in spain. | 2010 | 20698958 |
| seasonal variation of enteropathogens in infants and preschoolers with acute diarrhea in western mexico. | the present study estimates the prevalence of some enteropathogens in infants and preschoolers with acute diarrhea. from 2006 to 2007, 5459 consecutive stool samples were evaluated. cryptosporidium parvum was the parasite identified with the higher frequency (5.1%), followed by giardia lamblia (1.2%). campylobacter jejuni was isolated in 858 cases (15.7%) and was the most frequent enteropathogen overall. the rates of c parvum, shigella, and salmonella were higher in the summer. rotavirus had the ... | 2010 | 20706147 |
| re: "age dependence of the risk of intussusception following tetravalent rhesus-human reassortant rotavirus tetravalent vaccine: is it beyond doubt?". | 2010 | 20682522 | |
| rotavirus vaccine contamination with pcv1--statement of iap committee on immunization. | 2010 | 20683111 | |
| the burden and cost of ambulatory cases of rotavirus gastroenteritis in central israel. | while the burden of rotavirus infection with regard to hospitalizations has been extensively investigated, there are sparse data on the cost and impact of this infection on the ambulatory part of the health system in israel. | 2010 | 20684182 |
| rotavirus in africa: shifting the focus to disease prevention. | 2010 | 20684687 | |
| vp6: a candidate rotavirus vaccine. | several nonliving rotavirus vaccine candidates have been evaluated in animal models. among them is the vp6 protein that comprises the intermediate layer of the rotavirus particle. this protein was expressed as a chimera with maltose binding protein (mbp::vp6) and was administered intranasally to mice. when later challenged with rotavirus, vaccinated mice were nearly 100% protected from fecal shedding of rotavirus, a result strictly dependent on coadministration of an effective adjuvant. protecti ... | 2010 | 20684688 |
| the cost-effectiveness of rotavirus vaccination in malawi. | rotarix (glaxosmithkline), a newly licensed rotavirus vaccine requiring 2 doses, may have the potential to save hundreds of thousands of lives in africa. nations such as malawi, where rotarix is currently under phase iii investigation, may nevertheless face difficult economic choices in considering vaccine adoption. | 2010 | 20684689 |
| the economic burden of diarrheal disease in a tertiary level hospital, gauteng, south africa. | diarrheal disease remains one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in young children in south africa. although a rotavirus vaccine will reduce rotavirus diarrheal morbidity and mortality, its introduction and sustainability will incur considerable costs. the aim of this study was to estimate the costs associated with diarrheal disease of all etiologies in children <5 years of age at dr george mukhari hospital, a tertiary level hospital in gauteng, south africa. | 2010 | 20684690 |
| the epidemiology of rotavirus diarrhea in countries in the eastern mediterranean region. | rotavirus is the leading cause of severe diarrhea among children worldwide, killing approximately 600,000 children annually, including 64,800 in the eastern mediterranean region. safe, effective rotavirus vaccines will be available soon, and accurate disease burden data will be needed to assess the burden of rotavirus and the value of new vaccines and monitor vaccine program impact. | 2010 | 20684691 |
| hospital health care cost of diarrheal disease in northern ghana. | diarrhea caused by rotaviruses is one of the most frequent causes of hospitalization among pediatric patients in rural communities of developing countries in sub-saharan africa and southeast asia, and it is a major cause of death in these communities. the complexity of diarrhea and the increasing cost of treatment puts additional burden on the health sector. to demonstrate the economic burden of diarrhea to policy makers, this study was conducted to estimate the treatment cost of diarrhea in chi ... | 2010 | 20684692 |
| prospective hospital-based surveillance to estimate rotavirus disease burden in the gauteng and north west province of south africa during 2003-2005. | rotavirus is considered to be the most common cause of serious acute dehydrating diarrhea worldwide. however, there is a scarcity of information on rotavirus disease burden in sub-saharan africa. | 2010 | 20684693 |
| characterization and molecular epidemiology of rotavirus strains recovered in northern pretoria, south africa during 2003-2006. | rotavirus infection is the most common cause of severe dehydrating gastroenteritis in infants and young children and remains a significant clinical problem worldwide. the severity and the burden of rotavirus disease could be reduced through the implementation of an effective vaccine. the aim of this study was to characterize rotavirus strains circulating in the local community as part of an ongoing hospital burden of disease study when a g1p[8] rotavirus vaccine candidate was being evaluated in ... | 2010 | 20684694 |
| prevalence and diversity of rotavirus strains in children with acute diarrhea from rural communities in the limpopo province, south africa, from 1998 to 2000. | data regarding the prevalence and molecular epidemiology of rotavirus infection in rural areas of africa are limited. in this study the prevalence and genetic diversity of rotaviruses in a rural south african setting were investigated. | 2010 | 20684695 |
| characterization of rotavirus strains detected in windhoek, namibia during 1998-1999. | namibia, located on the southwestern coast of southern africa, is characterized by vast deserts, limited fresh water, and low population density. mortality estimates among children <5 of age are 63 deaths per 1000 live-births, with diarrheal diseases contributing to 3% of these deaths. data on the burden of rotavirus disease and circulating serotypes in namibia are currently not available. | 2010 | 20684697 |
| epidemiology of rotavirus infection in children in blantyre, malawi, 1997-2007. | acute gastroenteritis caused by rotavirus infection is an important cause of morbidity and mortality among infants and young children in africa. from 1997 through 2007, we enrolled 3740 children <5 years of age with acute gastroenteritis who received hospital care at the queen elizabeth central hospital in blantyre, malawi. group a rotavirus was detected in fecal specimens by enzyme immunoassay. rotavirus strains were characterized for vp7 (g) and vp4 (p) types with use of reverse-transcription ... | 2010 | 20684698 |
| molecular characterization of rotavirus strains circulating among children with acute gastroenteritis in madagascar during 2004-2005. | a survey was undertaken of the etiology of acute gastroenteritis in children <16 years of age in antananarivo, madagascar, from may 2004 through may 2005. with use of electron microscopy of fecal specimens, 104 (36%) of 285 children were found to be infected with rotavirus. rotavirus strain characterization was undertaken using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, electropherotyping, reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction genotyping, and nucleotide sequencing. the predominant group a rota ... | 2010 | 20684699 |
| rotavirus genetic diversity, disease association, and temporal change in hospitalized rural kenyan children. | the effectiveness of rotavirus vaccines will be dependent on the immunity conferred against prevalent and emergent variants causing severe diarrheal disease. longitudinal surveillance of disease-causing strains is a prerequisite to intervention. | 2010 | 20684700 |
| characterization of human rotavirus strains from children with diarrhea in nairobi and kisumu, kenya, between 2000 and 2002. | rotavirus infection is a major cause of diarrheal illness and hospitalization in children <5 years old in kenya and has been described in various settings and locations across the country and for different time points. in this study, we expand on the molecular characterization of rotavirus strains collected in nairobi and kisumu, kenya, between 2000 and 2002. rotavirus strains were typed by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and characterized using vp6 monoclonal antibodies and rna ... | 2010 | 20684701 |
| characterization of human rotavirus recovered from children with acute diarrhea in kinshasa, democratic republic of congo. | between july and october of 2003, 2004, and 2005, outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis occurred among children <5 years of age in kinshasa, democratic republic of the congo. stool specimens (67 in 2003, 108 in 2004, and 116 in 2005) were collected and screened for rotaviruses using either latex agglutination (diarlex laa; orion diagnostics) or enzyme immunoassay (ideia; dakocytomation). the molecular characteristics of the rotavirus strains were then determined. group a rotavirus was detected in 1 ... | 2010 | 20684702 |
| diversity of rotavirus vp7 and vp4 genotypes in northwestern nigeria. | nigeria has recently been ranked third among the 10 countries with the greatest number of rotavirus disease-associated deaths per year. estimates attribute up to 33,000 deaths annually to rotavirus disease in nigerian children <5 years old. although the introduction of the new oral, live attenuated rotavirus vaccines may not occur for another 4-6 years in developing countries, background data on burden of disease, cost of rotavirus disease, and characterization of circulating strains is required ... | 2010 | 20684703 |
| rotavirus vp4 and vp7 genotypes circulating in cameroon: identification of unusual types. | rotavirus remains a priority candidate for vaccine development, because it is the major cause of viral diarrhea in children worldwide. this study characterized rotavirus strains in 195 stool specimens collected from children <5 years of age with diarrhea, in the southwest province and western province of cameroon during 1999-2000. the predominant g type was g1 (detected in 44.9% of specimens) and the most predominant p type was p[8] (in 82.7%). the most common g-p combination detected was g1p[8] ... | 2010 | 20684704 |
| characterization of 2 human genotype g10 rotavirus strains, 3008cm and 1784/ci/1999, isolated in cameroon and cote d'ivoire during the 1999-2000 rotavirus season. | during routine rotavirus surveillance projects in cameroon and cote d'ivoire, 2 fecal samples collected from 2 children <5 years of age who presented with symptoms of gastroenteritis were found to give anomalous g typing results. these specimens were strongly rotavirus positive by enzyme immunoassay, displayed vp6 subgroup ii specificity and long rna electropherotypes, and were typed as rotavirus serotype g2 with monoclonal antibodies. in addition, the strains were typed as rotavirus vp7 genotyp ... | 2010 | 20684705 |
| molecular characterization and genotyping of human rotavirus strains in abidjan, cote d'ivoire. | in this study, we characterized human rotavirus strains recovered from infants and young children with acute diarrhea in abidjan, cote d'ivoire, during 2000-2004. in total, 719 fecal specimens were collected from children aged 1-60 months with acute infantile gastroenteritis. examination with a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed the presence of group a rotavirus antigen in 208 diarrheal specimens (28.9%). polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the rna extracted from rotavirus-pos ... | 2010 | 20684706 |
| antigenic and molecular characterization of unusual rotavirus strains in burkina faso in 1999. | thirty-six of 37 rotavirus strains recovered from the diarrheal stools of 166 children <3 years of age in burkina faso were characterized at both the antigenic and molecular levels. the rotavirus strains were confirmed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; 30 displayed predominantly short electropherotype patterns, and 6 had a long rna pattern. the strains were subgrouped by monoclonal antibody enzyme immunoassay for vp6 and were typed as subgroup i (29 of 30 short rotavirus strains) and subgro ... | 2010 | 20684707 |
| review of rotavirus studies in africa: 1976-2006. | rotavirus is a common cause of severe diarrheal disease in children worldwide. ninety percent of the associated deaths occur in sub-saharan africa and south east asia. our aim was to review the prevalence of rotavirus infection in africa over the past 30 years. | 2010 | 20684708 |
| the global spread of rotavirus g10 strains: detection in ghanaian children hospitalized with diarrhea. | from october 2003 through september 2004, a total of 289 stool samples were collected from children <5 years of age who had severe diarrhea at admission to or when visiting the emergency department at the navrongo war memorial hospital in rural ghana during a study on rotavirus disease burden. rotavirus antigen was detected in 115 stool samples (39.8%) tested for rotavirus. four rotavirus-positive samples were found to bear g10p[6] specificity by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, ... | 2010 | 20684709 |
| rotavirus disease in guinea-bissau, west africa: a review of longitudinal community and hospital studies. | rotavirus is one of the most common causes of childhood diarrheal disease and deaths in sub-saharan africa. this article reviews community- and hospital-based surveillance of rotavirus disease in bissau, guinea-bissau, west africa. here, rotavirus infections exhibit a seasonal pattern, with annual epidemics occurring during the relatively dry and cooler months, from january to april, and few cases registered from may to december. most children (74%) experience their first infection before the ag ... | 2010 | 20684710 |
| the effect of high-dose vitamin a supplementation given with bacille calmette-guérin vaccine at birth on infant rotavirus infection and diarrhea: a randomized prospective study from guinea-bissau. | prophylactic vitamin a supplementation (vas) reduces mortality and may reduce morbidity associated with diarrhea in children >6 months of age. rotavirus is the most common cause of acute dehydrating diarrhea among children worldwide. | 2010 | 20684711 |
| rotavirus strain diversity in the centre coast of tunisia from 2000 through 2003. | an epidemiological survey investigating rotavirus infection in children was undertaken in the coastal region of tunisia from january 2000 through september 2003. a total of 309 fecal specimens were screened by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and latex agglutination assay for the presence of group a rotavirus antigen. the detection rate was 26.2%. rotavirus outbreaks showed a temperature-dependant pattern (p = .026) but no significant association with rainfall. rotavirus strains isolated were a ... | 2010 | 20684712 |
| molecular characterization of rotavirus strains circulating in oman in 2005. | limited genotyping data are available for rotavirus strains in the middle east. in this study, we investigated the molecular epidemiology of human rotavirus strains circulating in the sultanate of oman during 2005. rotavirus was detected in 178 (57.4%) of 310 of the diarrheal stools of young children <5 years admitted to hospitals and outpatients clinics. polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis demonstrated the cocirculation of 8 strains, although 2 strains predominated across the sultanate. genotypi ... | 2010 | 20684713 |
| rotavirus genotypes among hospitalized children in egypt, 2000-2002. | rotavirus type surveillance is essential to assess the success of rotavirus vaccines. rotavirus strains collected in 2000-2002 during hospital-based surveillance for diarrhea in egyptian children were genotyped. of the 259 (25.2%) rotavirus-positive specimens, 82.4% were common strains (g1p[8], g2p[4], g4p[8]), and the emergent g9 type was detected in 5.3% of samples. | 2010 | 20684714 |
| rotavirus strain types circulating in africa: review of studies published during 1997-2006. | rotavirus is responsible for more than half a million deaths among infants and young children worldwide each year; many of these deaths could be prevented by widespread use of an effective rotavirus vaccine. the diversity of rotavirus strains in many developing countries, where most rotavirus deaths occur, could represent a significant challenge to the efficacy of current vaccines. in anticipation of rotavirus vaccine introduction, we examined studies published over a 10-year period (1997-2006) ... | 2010 | 20684715 |
| genetic and antigenic diversity of human rotaviruses: potential impact on vaccination programs. | the successful development and implementation of rotavirus vaccines will have a significant impact on rotavirus-induced gastroenteritis in children worldwide. however, this introduction will increase the immune pressure against wild-type rotavirus strains circulating in the community, altering the forces and balances that drive rotavirus evolution. there is concern that antigenically distinct novel or rare strains may be selected and spread, decreasing vaccine efficacy. this review describes the ... | 2010 | 20684716 |
| determination of the g and p types of previously nontypeable rotavirus strains from the african rotavirus network, 1996-2004: identification of unusual g types. | a total of 215 nontypeable rotavirus samples collected from children <5 years of age by members of the african rotavirus network were characterized using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis and sequencing. the most predominant strain identified was p[8]g1 (46.9%). genotypes p[8]g10, p[8]g8, p[6]g8, and p[7]g5 were also detected at frequencies varying from 0.5% to 2.3%. this study suggests that reassortment of unusual g types into a background of globally common genotype p[8] ... | 2010 | 20684717 |
| burden and epidemiology of rotavirus diarrhea in selected african countries: preliminary results from the african rotavirus surveillance network. | severe rotavirus diarrhea in children <5 years of age is a major public health problem; however, limited regional and country specific data on rotavirus disease burden are available from sub-saharan africa. in june 2006, the world health organization regional office for africa initiated rotavirus surveillance in selected african countries. with use of standardized methodology developed by the world health organization, children <5 years of age who were hospitalized with severe diarrhea were enro ... | 2010 | 20684718 |
| emergence and characterization of serotype g9 rotavirus strains from africa. | serotype g9 strains have been detected sporadically and in localized outbreaks in various african countries, including south africa, botswana, malawi, kenya, cameroon, nigeria, ghana, guinea-bissau, libya, and mauritius. serotype g9 strains were analyzed to investigate genogroup characteristics, including subgroup specificity, electropherotype, and p and g genotypes. in addition, the antigenic composition of the south african g9 strains was assessed. african g9 strains were associated with both ... | 2010 | 20684719 |
| diversity of rotavirus strains circulating in west africa from 1996 to 2000. | 2010 | 20684720 | |
| influence of potential protective mechanisms on the development of live rotavirus vaccines. | rotaviruses cause extensive morbidity and mortality worldwide, thus corroborating the need for a vaccine that is effective in all socioeconomic environments. vaccines evaluated in clinical trials have all been live attenuated rotaviruses that are delivered orally to mimic the excellent protection observed after natural infection. the mechanisms by which these vaccine candidates or wild-type rotaviruses elicit protection are not fully understood. during the 1980s, several candidate vaccines provi ... | 2010 | 20684721 |
| rotarix in developing countries: paving the way for inclusion in national childhood immunization programs in africa. | rotavirus gastroenteritis causes more than half a million deaths annually among children aged <5 years, the great majority of which occur in africa and asia. vaccination is considered to be the most effective public health strategy to prevent rotavirus disease and to reduce the significant global burden of rotavirus gastroenteritis. rotarix (glaxosmithkline biologicals) is an oral, live attenuated rotavirus vaccine derived from a human g1p[8] rotavirus strain. results of phase iii studies in eur ... | 2010 | 20684722 |
| rotateq: progress toward developing world access. | phase iii studies of an oral, live, pentavalent, human-bovine reassortant rotavirus vaccine (rotateq; merck) in developed countries have demonstrated that it is well tolerated with regard to intussusception and other adverse events and is efficacious in preventing rotavirus gastroenteritis and associated healthcare encounters. however, it cannot be assumed that rotavirus vaccines will be equally efficacious in infants and young children in the developing world. differences in host populations, a ... | 2010 | 20684723 |
| comparison of 2 different regimens for reactogenicity, safety, and immunogenicity of the live attenuated oral rotavirus vaccine rix4414 coadministered with oral polio vaccine in south african infants. | a phase ii, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted in south africa during 2003-2004 to evaluate the safety, reactogenicity, and immunogenicity of 2 regimens of the live attenuated oral human rotavirus vaccine rix4414 when coadministered with the expanded program on immunization childhood vaccines, including oral polio vaccine. | 2010 | 20684724 |
| presence of enteric viruses in source waters for drinking water production in the netherlands. | the quality of drinking water in the netherlands has to comply with the dutch drinking water directive: less than one infection in 10,000 persons per year may occur due to consumption of unboiled drinking water. since virus concentrations in drinking waters may be below the detection limit but entail a public health risk, the infection risk from drinking water consumption requires the assessment of the virus concentrations in source waters and of the removal efficiency of treatment processes. in ... | 2010 | 20622124 |
| development of a panel of multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction assays for simultaneous detection of major agents causing calf diarrhea in feces. | calf diarrhea is a major economic burden to the bovine industry. since multiple infectious agents can be involved in calf diarrhea, and the detection of each of the causative agents by traditional methods is laborious and expensive, a panel of 2 multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays was developed for rapid and simultaneous detection of the 5 major bovine enteric pathogens (i.e., bovine coronavirus [bcov; formally known as betacoronavirus 1], group a bovine rotavirus [brv], s ... | 2010 | 20622219 |
| the bovine lactophorin c-terminal fragment and pas6/7 were both potent in the inhibition of human rotavirus replication in cultured epithelial cells and the prevention of experimental gastroenteritis. | rotaviruses are the leading cause of severe dehydrating diarrhea in children worldwide. we have found that high-m(r) glycoprotein fraction (f1) from cow's milk whey has potent inhibitory activity against human rotavirus (hrv) in cell culture. the present study was undertaken to identify and characterize the components responsible for this inhibitory activity. f1 was initially heated at 95 degrees c for 30 min, rendering milk antibodies inert, subjected to ammonium sulfate fractionation, and then ... | 2010 | 20622446 |
| performance of rotavirus vaccines in developed and developing countries. | the world health organization estimates that rotavirus diarrhea results in approximately half a million deaths and approximately 2.4 million hospitalizations in developing countries each year. two live oral rotavirus vaccines, rotateq® (rv 5; merck) and rotarix® (rv 1; glaxosmithkline) with good efficacy against severe rotavirus disease and a reassuring safety profile could substantially impact the burden of rotavirus disease. in april 2009, who provided a recommendation for global introduction ... | 2010 | 20622508 |
| oral vaccination with the porcine rotavirus vp4 outer capsid protein expressed by lactococcus lactis induces specific antibody production. | the objective of this study to design a delivery system resistant to the gastrointestinal environment for oral vaccine against porcine rotavirus. lactococcus lactis nz9000 was transformed with segments of vp4 of the porcine rotavirus inserted into the pnz8112 surface-expression vector, and a recombinant l. lactis expressing vp4 protein was constructed. an approximately 27 kda vp4 protein was confirmed by sds-page , western blot and immunostaining analysis. balb/c mice were immunized orally with ... | 2010 | 20625406 |
| genetic characterization of rotavirus in children in south korea from 2007 to 2009. | rotavirus is the most important etiological agent in children with acute gastroenteritis (age). the recent implementation of a rotavirus vaccine in korea requires the monitoring of prevailing rotavirus strains in order to control the infection. one hundred thirty-nine rotavirus strains were detected in children hospitalized with age in seoul, korea from 2007 to 2009. the most frequent combination of genotypes was g9p[8] (32.1%), followed by g1p[8] (20.7%) and g3p[8] (11.7%). mixed g-types were d ... | 2010 | 20625775 |
| chemical and microbiological parameters as possible indicators for human enteric viruses in surface water. | there are still conflicting results on the suitability of chemical and microbiological parameters as indicators for the viral contamination of surface waters. in this study, conducted over 20 months, the abundance of human adenovirus, human polyomavirus, enterovirus, group a rotavirus and norovirus was determined in ruhr and rhine rivers, germany. additionally, prevalence of different possible indicators such as somatic coliphages, e. coli, intestinal enterococci, and total coliforms was also co ... | 2010 | 20627679 |
| detecting food- and waterborne viruses by surface-enhanced raman spectroscopy. | food- and waterborne viruses pose serious health risks to humans and were associated with many outbreaks worldwide. rapid, accurate, and nondestructive methods for detection of viruses are of great importance to protect public health. in this study, surface-enhanced raman spectroscopy (sers) coupled with gold sers-active substrates was used to detect and discriminate 7 food- and waterborne viruses, including norovirus, adenovirus, parvovirus, rotavirus, coronavirus, paramyxovirus, and herpersvir ... | 2010 | 20629888 |
| genogroup iib norovirus infections and association with enteric symptoms in a neonatal nursery in southern india. | noroviruses (novs) are increasingly recognized as an important cause of acute gastroenteritis in children worldwide. however, there are limited data on the role of novs in neonatal infections and disease. the objectives of the present study were to determine the prevalence of novs in neonates with gastrointestinal disease using a case-control study design and to characterize the nov strains infecting neonates. a total of 309 fecal samples from 161 neonates with gastrointestinal symptoms and 148 ... | 2010 | 20631107 |
| protein kinase r is responsible for the phosphorylation of eif2alpha in rotavirus infection. | the eukaryotic initiation translation factor 2 (eif2) represents a key point in the regulation of protein synthesis. this factor delivers the initiator met-trna to the ribosome, a process that is conserved in all eukaryotic cells. many types of stress reduce global translation by triggering the phosphorylation of the α subunit of eif2, which reduces the formation of the preinitiation translation complexes. early during rotavirus infection, eif2α becomes phosphorylated, and even under these condi ... | 2010 | 20631127 |
| the genome segments of a group d rotavirus possess group a-like conserved termini but encode group-specific proteins. | rotaviruses are a leading cause of viral acute gastroenteritis in humans and animals. they are grouped according to gene composition and antigenicity of vp6. whereas group a, b, and c rotaviruses are found in humans and animals, group d rotaviruses have been exclusively detected in birds. despite their broad distribution among chickens, no nucleotide sequence data exist so far. here, the first complete genome sequence of a group d rotavirus (strain 05v0049) is presented, which was amplified usin ... | 2010 | 20631147 |
| different rotavirus strains enter ma104 cells through different endocytic pathways: the role of clathrin-mediated endocytosis. | rotaviruses, the single most important agents of acute severe gastroenteritis in children, are nonenveloped viruses formed by a three-layered capsid that encloses a genome formed by 11 segments of double-stranded rna. the mechanism of entry of these viruses into the host cell is not well understood. the best-studied strain, rrv, which is sensitive to neuraminidase (na) treatment of the cells, uses integrins alpha2 beta1 and alphav beta3 and the heat shock protein hsc70 as receptors and enters ma ... | 2010 | 20631149 |
| sustained protection from pentavalent rotavirus vaccination during the second year of life at a large, urban united states pediatric hospital. | fecal specimens from children presenting to texas children's hospital with acute gastroenteritis were tested for the presence of rotavirus. children were grouped according to vaccination status, and pentavalent rotavirus vaccine effectiveness was calculated. pentavalent rotavirus vaccine effectiveness against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis was sustained during the first 2 years of the vaccination program. overall 3-dose effectiveness was 83% to 86%; it was 92% to 93% among children 6 to 11 mon ... | 2010 | 20634776 |
| [benign infantile convulsions with mild gastroenteritis: clinical analysis of 40 cases]. | to investigate the pathogenesis, clinical characteristics and treatment of benign infantile convulsions with mild gastroenteritis (bicg). | 2010 | 20637150 |
| oral administration of plant-based rotavirus vp6 induces antigen-specific igas, iggs and passive protection in mice. | plant viruses show significant potential as expression vectors for producing foreign proteins in plants. in this study, codon-optimized vp6 gene (svp6) of human rotavirus was engineered as a replacement to the coat protein (cp) open reading frame of beet black scorch virus (bbsv). in vitro-generated rna transcripts corresponding to the engineered virus were infectious when inoculated onto the leaves of chenopodium amaranticolor. molecular analysis revealed that svp6 was efficiently expressed and ... | 2010 | 20637305 |
| use of an immunization information system to assess the effectiveness of pentavalent rotavirus vaccine in us children. | immunization information systems (iiss) are accessible sources of immunization data. we validated immunization information from a local iis against provider records and assessed the system's utility in evaluating vaccine effectiveness against rotavirus disease using a case-control study. among the 91% of case and control patients with immunization records, 49% were in the iis, and 97% had a provider record. good agreement was observed across record sources (k=0.65). vaccine effectiveness (ve) wa ... | 2010 | 20637764 |
| [outbreak of diarrhea by rotavirus in bom jesus city, piauí state]. | this study focused a diarrhea outbreak caused by rotavirus in a city of piauí state aiming to identify the etiology, protocol of assistance to cases. a case series was carried out with 22 children assisted for acute diarrhea in 2006 in health units of bom jesus city. the data were collected by means of interviews utilizing forms that were with the help of the children's parents and analysis of the appointment files was performed. most of the families (59.1%) had a monthly income inferior to the ... | 2010 | 20640260 |
| acute renal failure due to obstructive urate stones associated with norovirus gastroenteritis. | 2010 | 20640904 |