Publications

rotaviruses and the respiratory tract.		1979	231474
antibody to rotavirus in various animal species.		1979	231743
the aetiology of diarrhoea in pigs weaned at two days of age.	when pigs are weaned at two days of age large numbers of excherichia coli appear in the anterior gut and the incidence of diarrhoea rises. the two phenomena do not appear to be directly related because the strains of e coli isolated are not serotypes previously found to be associated with neonatal pig scouring. representative strains of the non-enteropathogenic serotypes did not produce enterotoxin and did not adhere to small intestine brush borders. moreover when antibiotics were fed to elimina ...	1979	228367
epidemic viral gastroenteritis.	epidemic viral gastroenteritis is a significant world wide problem. in developed countries, gastroenteritis accounts for significant morbidity and loss of time from work; in the third world it is the leading cause of mortality among infants and children. recent technologic advances have been associated with an explosion of research activity. two virus groups, the norwalk-like agents and the rotaviruses, are currently accepted as causative agents of viral gastroenteritis in man. the problem of vi ...	1979	222141
polypeptides of simian rotavirus (sa-11) determined by a continuous polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis method.	simian rotavirus (sa-11) isolated from infected african green monkey kidney cells was separated into two virus fractions in a cscl density gradient and their proteins analysed on a continuous phosphte buffered polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis system. one peak (buoyant density 1.37 g/ml) contained double capsid virus particles which were radioimmunoassay (ria)- and haemagglutinin (ha)- positive and yielded eight polypeptides whose mol. wt. ranged from 48,000 to 128,000. the second peak (buoyant ...	1979	225429
rotavirus infection of foals.		1979	223542
viral intestinal infections of animals and man.		1979	232863
antibodies to rotavirus infection in singapore children.		1979	232890
[experiments to obtain and test a cell-culture rotavirus-precipitating antigen].	the location of the rotaviral precipitating antigen and the possibility for its production from cattle rotaviral strains adapted on cell cultures of calf kidney were investigated. highest titer antigen was produced by concentration with ammonium sulfate simultaneously from the maintaining medium and from the cell monolayer. comparative studies on the antigenic and physico-chemical properties of the cell-cultural and the faeces rotaviral precipitating antigen were made. the identity of both antig ...	1979	232949
gel electrophoresis of rotavirus rna derived from six different animal species.	rotavirus rna prepared from calf, pig, mouse, deer, foal and dog-adapted human isolates was compared using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. reproducible differences in the rna migration patterns were found between all isolates. there were 11 clearly resolved segments in the pig, mouse and foal samples. the calf rotavirus rna and deer rotavirus rna separated into 9 bands and 10 bands, respectively. the dog-adapted human virus migrated in 12 bands, and this probably results from the complex pas ...	1979	232982
[detection of rotavirus antigen in stools by double-gel diffusion technique (author's transl)].		1979	233056
[diagnosis of rotavirus by electron microscopy and the conjugated enzyme linked immunosorbent test (elisa)].		1979	222309
rotavirus in diarrhoeic calves in iran.		1979	233279
rotavirus infection in a domestic cat.		1979	233280
rota virus infections of domestic animals and humans.		1979	233385
rotavirus and coronavirus associated diarrhoea in domestic animals.		1979	221870
morphological and immunological studies of rotaviruses. (2) demonstration of two types of morphological units released from the capsid surfaces of rotaviruses.		1979	233638
etiology of gastroenteritis among americans living in the philippines.	between december 1975 and june 1976, american military personnel with diarrhea who were seen at an outpatient clinic at clark air force base hospital were investigated to determine the etiology of their disease. enterotoxigenic escherichia coli were detected in 16% (18/115), rotavirus in 4% (4/111), salmonellae in 3% (3/115), shigellae in 2% (2/115) and giardia lamblia in 2% (3/152) of patients with diarrhea. thus from only 27% of the subjects studied were identifiable potential pathogenic agent ...	1979	375723
[virusenteritis in childhood (author's transl)].	about 20% of infantile enteritis are caused by bacterial infections. the most cases of non bacterial infantile enteritis are supposed to be viral infections. arguments for the existence of enterotropic viruses arised the first time in 1943. since the middle of the fifties, various kinds of enteroviruses are known to be causative agents of infantile gastroenteritis. the same is true occasionally for some types of adenovirus. in 1973 the norwalk-agent was discovered provocing enteritis mainly in a ...	1979	222939
intestinal immunity and vaccine development: a who memorandum.	as part of the research component of the who diarrhoeal diseases control programme, a scientific working group met in august 1978 to review recent advances in knowledge of intestinal immunity, the application of genetic techniques in enteric vaccine development, the status of currently available immunizing agents against cholera, typhoid fever, and shigella dysentery, and the prospects for the development of new or improved vaccines against the well known and newly recognized agents such as rota ...	1979	396051
acute diarrheal infections in infants. i. epidemiology, treatment, and prospects for immunoprophylaxis.	epidemiologic differences that appear to be geographic or climatic actually relate more closely to socioeconomics and sanitation. regardless of etiology, the major management problems are those of dehydration and its sequelae. progress toward development of antibacterial and antiviral vaccines is discussed. next month the viral and bacterial agents that cause diarrheal infections will be reviewed.	1979	511128
newly recognized infectious diseases.		1979	223810
viral gastroenteritis in children.		1979	226912
viral gastroenteritis.		1979	228348
solid-phase radioimmunoassay of iga, igg, and igm antibodies to human rotavirus.	a solid-phase radioimmunoassay (ria) has been developed for the detection of human rotavirus-specific iga, igg, and igm antibodies. nebraska calf diarrhea virus grown in llc-mk2 cell cultures in the presence of trypsin was directly adsorbed onto polystyrene balls, and antibodies that attached to the virus-coated balls were detected by subsequent binding of 125i-labeled antibodies specific to human alpha, gamma or mu chains of human iga, igg, or igm immunoglobulins. a total of 116 serum specimens ...	1979	225443
enzyme-linked fluorescence assay: ultrasensitive solid-phase assay for detection of human rotavirus.	enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) has proven to be a useful assay system for the direct detection of infectious agents. however, when the usual color-producing substrates are employed, relatively large amounts of substrate must be hydrolyzed by the bound enzyme before detection can be achieved. we attempted to improve the sensitivity of elisa by utilizing a substrate that yields a fluorescent product on enzyme action. the enzyme-linked fluorescence assay (elfa) based on this principle wa ...	1979	226564
simian rotavirus sa11 replication in cell cultures.	understanding the basic virology of rotavirus infections has been hampered by the fastidiousness of most isolates and by the lack of a rapid quantitative assay method. the growth characteristics of the simian rotavirus sa11 were studied because it grows to high titers in tissue culture and infectivity can be quantitated by plaque assay. sa11 replication was analyzed in a variety of primary cell cultures or continuous cell lines derived from both homologous and heterologous hosts. viral replicati ...	1979	229253
a solid-phase system (space) for the detection and quantification of rotavirus in faeces.	this report describes the development of a solid-phase haemadsorption system using chromic chloride-linked, antibody coated erythrocytes. it is proposed to call this technique solid phase aggregation of coupled erythrocytes (space). the system is suitable for the detection of virus antigens, such as from rotavirus infections, which are present in 'dirty' or 'mixed' preparations such as faeces, urine or exudates. the test uses microtitre u-form plates coated with specific antivirus antibody; faec ...	1979	231086
viruses and diarrhoea.		1979	231336
ultrasensitive enzymatic radioimmunoassay: application to detection of cholera toxin and rotavirus.	rotavirus and enterotoxin-producing bacteria are major causes of diarrheal disease in humans. a method of rapid diagnosis, ultrasensitive enzymatic radioimmunoassay, has been developed to quantitatively detect cholera toxin and rotavirus. the method uses features of both enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and radioimmunoassay; however, the sensitivity of the assay is 100- to 1000-fold more sensitive than the two parent assays. ultrasensitive enzymatic radioimmunoassay should also be useful in mea ...	1979	228285
isolation of cytopathogenic rotavirus from neonatal calves.	rotavirus was isolated in rolled calf kidney cultures from the intestinal contents of a calf suffering from diarrhoea. the cytopathic effect was demonstrated in native cultures as well as in stained preparations. the affected cells were elongated, became sickle-like in shape, disintegrated and detached from the monolayer. virus-specific direct immunofluorescence ran parallel, in both time and intensity, with the cytopathic effects. immuno-electron microscopy showed aggregated virus particles cor ...	1979	232369
[immunoelectron microscopic observation of the incidence of rotaviruses in the stools of children with gastroenteritis (author's transl)].		1979	232672
[epidemiological and clinical significance of rotoviruses].		1979	232752
a morphological study of human rotavirus.	human rotavirus has a characteristic icosahedral structure which has a honeycomb-like appearance on the surface of the smooth particles and 42 polygonal capsomeres in the rough particles.	1979	229794
epidemiological and virological studies on outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis associated with rotavirus in primary schools in osaka.	there have been three recent outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis in primary schools in osaka prefecture caused by rotavirus: one in a school (ta) in april, 1974 and two in two other schools (te and k) in may 1975. the morbidity from the disease was 2.4--15.8% for all age groups in the schools, and 20.1--34.1% for a certain age group. the disease lasted for 4 (k) to 14 days (te). the first cases in schools ta and te were followed by successive cases. the main clinical symptoms were higher frequenc ...	1979	231434
rotavirus and coronavirus associated diarrohoea in calves.		1979	231751
prevalence of rotavirus infection in neonates.		1979	232081
comparison of electron microscopy, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, solid-phase radioimmunoassay, and indirect immunofluorescence for detection of human rotavirus antigen in faeces.	four techniques were compared for their practicability, speed, and sensitivity for the detection of human rotavirus. radioimmunoassay (ria) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) were found to be the most sensitive means of identifying rotavirus, and, once processed, up to 40 specimens could be examined daily. electron microscopy, although less sensitive than these techniques, had the advantage of being able to detect other viral agents present in faecal extracts. indirect immunofluoresce ...	1979	227941
common exposure outbreak of gastroenteritis due to type 2 rotavirus with high secondary attack rate within families.	a sharp outbreak of gastroenteritis associated with human rotavirus type 2 involved not only all of nine infants and young children in a playgroup but also seven of 10 parents and grandparents studied. the source of the outbreak appeared to be two non-playgroup siblings. six of 11 individuals studied shed human rotavirus type 2, and each of seven from whom paired sera were obtained developed a type 2 sero-response. overall, evidence of infection with rotavirus type 2 was demonstrated in 10 of 11 ...	1979	227970
rotavirus polypeptides.	rotavirus infected monkey kidney cells (llc-mk2) have been labelled with 35s-methionine in the presence of actinomycin d. the cells have been lysed with sds and the polypeptides separated by discontinuous polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. rotavirus polypeptides began to appear 4 to 5 h p.i.; incorporation was maximum at 8 h, but all the polypeptides were still being made 15 to 18 h p.i. tissue culture adapted calf rotavirus particles were labelled with 35s-methionine and the polypeptides compa ...	1979	227989
detection of antigens and igm antibodies for rapid diagnosis of viral infections: a who memorandum.	this memorandum describes recent progress in the development of simplified and rapid laboratory technology and reviews currently available methods for the direct detection of viral antigens in clinical material and/or quantification of specific igm antibody in acute serum specimens. particular emphasis is given to such infections as viral hepatitis, rotavirus gastroenteritis, viral infections of the skin, genital, and respiratory tracts, and rabies. in addition, the standardization and quality c ...	1979	394872
[rotavirus gastro-enteritis in infants].		1979	16106868
detection of viruses in avian faeces by direct electron microscopy.	a total of 151 specimens of turkey and chicken faeces and intestinal contents were examined for the presence of viruses by electron microscopy. viruses were detected in 48 of these specimens (32%). the most frequently observed viruses were rotaviruses and enterovirus-like particles. rotavirus infection was associated with outbreaks of diarrhoea in turkeys, but symptomless rotavirus infection was seen in broiler chickens. adeno-viruses and infectious bursal disease virus were also observed in tur ...	1979	18770449
isolation of rotaviruses from turkeys and chickens: demonstration of distinct serotypes and rna electropherotypes.	six isolates of rotavirus were made from turkeys and two from chickens. three of these required trypsin treatment for isolation and serial passage in cell cultures. the remainder were isolated without trypsin treatment. most of these viruses were isolated in chick embryo liver cell cultures from the faeces of birds aged under 1 week. in six of the eight instances, rotavirus isolation was associated with enteric disturbance, characterised by signs such as diarrhoea, poor or abnormal appetite, abn ...	1980	18770274
canine viral enteritis: prevalence of parvo-, corona- and rotavirus infections in dogs in the netherlands.	summary after a brief review of the present knowledge about canine viral enteritis, the role played by parvoviral, coronaviral and rotaviral infections in contagious diarrhoea in dogs in the netherlands is discussed. for this purpose a serologic survey, pathologic findings in dogs, and the demonstration of parvoviral antigen with an immunofluorescence test and with a newly developed haemadsorption-elution-haemagglutination assay (heha) are presented. it is concluded that infections with ca ...	1980	22039978
university-industry programs.	in the report by r. g. wyatt et al. "human rotavirus type 2: cultivation in vitro" (11 jan., p. 189), in the sentence describing the porcine rotavirus plaque reduction test (p. 190, column 3, line 16), the concentration of pancreatin in the agar overlay should have been given as "0.15 percent of 2.5 percen pantreatin 4 x n. f.; gibco."	1980	17729852
preponderance of rotavirus in clumped form in patients with acute gastroenteritis.		1980	6104011
detection of rotavirus particles from patients with gastroenteritis.		1980	6104152
detection of rotavirus particles from patients with gastroenteritis.		1980	6104153
prospects for new viral vaccines.	animal virology has made outstanding contributions to preventive medicine by the development of vaccines for the control of infectious disease in man and animals. cost-benefit analysis indicates substantial savings in health care costs from the control of diseases such as smallpox, poliomyelitis, yellow fever and measels. areas for further development include vaccines for influenza (living, attenuated virus), the herpes group (varicella: cytomegalovirus), respiratory syncytial virus, rotavirus a ...	1980	6106250
weak susceptibility of rotavirus to bovine interferon in calf kidney cells.	bovine, virus-induced interferon was titred in primary embryonic calf kidney cells, using three challenge viruses: reovirus type 3, vesicular stomatitis virus (serotype indiana), and a french isolate of bovine rotavirus (tr) adapted to grow in tissue culture. rotavirus repeatedly displayed a very weak susceptibility to interferon as compared to the other two viruses.	1980	6155896
negative contrast electron microscopic techniques for diagnosis of viruses of veterinary importance.	negative contrast electron microscopy (ncem) was utilized as a routine tool in the diagnosis of viral infections of domestic and wild animals. viruses identified by this technique were observed in infected culture systems or clinical specimens from several species including horses, cattle, sheep, dogs, cats, pigs, deer, rocky mountain bighorn sheep, antelope, and several avian species. viruses were identified by ncem based on their size, morphology, and symmetry and consisted of adenoviruses, he ...	1980	6157508
the action of alcohols on rotavirus, astrovirus and enterovirus.		1980	6182233
hospital acquired rotavirus infection in adults. who is at risk?		1980	6182234
[diarrhea due to rotavirus infections].		1980	6100908
human rotavirus type 2: cultivation in vitro.	a strain of type 2 human rotavirus (wa) was grown to relatively high titer through 14 passages in primary cultures of african green monkey kidney (agmk) cells. this passage series was initiated with virus that had been passaged 11 times serially in newborn gnotobiotic piglets. in contrast, virus present in the stool of patient wa as well as virus from the first, second, or third passage in piglets could not be propagated successfully in african green monkey kidney cells. prior to each passage in ...	1980	6243190
[a study of the ultrastructure of human rotavirus].		1980	6100909
acute diarrheal infections in infants i. bacterial and viral causes.	this first article of a 2-part series examined the epidemiology, therapy, and prospects for immunoprophylaxis of diarrheal infections in infants. 3 main strains of escherichia coli can be identifiied with the etiology of infantile diarrhea: enterotoxigenic e. coli, invasive e. coli, and enteropathogenic e. coli. viral agents may also be the etiological agents. specific pathogens can be identified in 55-85% of cases of infantile diarrhea today; in the 1960s, only 25-34% of cases could be ident ...	1980	6243608
oral fluid replacement by a glucose glycine electrolyte formulation in e coli and rotavirus diarrhoea in pigs.	a glucose glycine electrolyte solution (gges) was investigated to determine its suitability for oral rehydration in diarrhoea in pigs. piglets with diarrhoea following experimental infection with eneteropathogenic escherichia coli were given access in cube drinkers to either gges or water. the mortality in the gges group (11.6 per cent) was significantly (p less than 0.05) less than in the controls (24.0 per cent), and weight gain in severely diarrhoeic piglets was greater in the gges group. gno ...	1980	6243814
stability of simian rotavirus in fresh and estuarine water.	the rates of inactivation of poliovirus 1, echovirus 7, coxsackievirus b3, and simian rotavirus sa11 were compared in polluted and nonpolluted fresh and estaurine water samples. the study was done in two parts, comparing virus survival in samples taken 1 year apart from the same sites. the survival studies were performed at 20 degrees c and at the natural ph of the water samples. in the first part of the study, the time required for a 3-log10 reduction in the initial virus titers was 2 to 3 days ...	1980	6243899
polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of avian rotavirus rna.	the rnas of 4 avian rotavirus isolates were analysed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. one of these isolates was made from chickens, the other three were from turkeys. the rnas were separated into 8 or 9 bands consisting of 11 segments, ranging in molecular weight from 0.24 x 10(6) to 2.09 x 10(6). in contrast to calf rotavirus, segments 10 and 11 of avian rotavirus rna had very similar or identical electrophoretic mobilities. this may be a unique feature of avian rotavirus rna. co-electrop ...	1980	6243920
antigenic comparisons of two new rotaviruses from rhesus monkeys.	two rotavirus strains isolated in cell culture from infant rhesus monkeys with diarrhea were closely related to sa 11 virus and to each other by plaque reduction neutralization tests. however, results of immune electron microscopy suggested possible antigenic differences between the two rhesus rotavirus strains.	1980	6244332
rotavirus: the first five years.		1980	6244380
proteolytic enhancement of rotavirus infectivity: biology mechanism.		1980	6244698
the first year of life. diarrhoea.		1980	6244874
rapid diagnosis by electron microscopy of nonbacterial gastroenteritis in children.		1980	6244887
coding assignments of double-stranded rna segments of sa 11 rotavirus established by in vitro translation.	the segmented double-stranded (ds) rna genome of the simian rotavirus sa 11, after denaturation, can be translated in a cell-free protein synthesizing system. of the 11 genome segments, 9 can be resolved on polyacrylamide gels and thus could be individually isolated and translated, providing a means of identifying the polypeptide encoded by each segment. on the basis of electrophoretic mobility of products in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels, the probable gene-coding assignments of dsr ...	1980	6245278
[role of rotavirus in gastroenteritis in infants at the university hospital center of grenoble. value of serology].		1980	6245401
diarrhea in a non-hospitalized rural salvadoran population: the role of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli and rotavirus.	to determine the role of rotavirus, enterotoxigenic escherichia coli and enteropathogenic e. coli in diarrheal disease of non-hospitalized children and adults living in rural el salvador, stool specimens were collected from 156 persons with diarrhea and 134 age- and sex-matched controls over a 1-year period. enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) were isolated as frequently from controls (13.4%) as from diarrhea cases (12.2%). enteropathogenic e. coli were isolated from 13 cases (8.3%) and 10 ( ...	1980	6245596
[rotaviruses in diarrheal diseases].		1980	6246408
viruses and diarrhoea in dogs.		1980	6246671
the effect of human milk fractions on rotavirus in relation to the secretory iga content.	human milk from healthy norwegian women was fractionated by ammonium sulphate precipitation and gel filtration. the protein content, lactoferrin and secretory iga were measured. specific antirotavirus iga, detected by indirect immunofluorescence was found in one out of five milk samples before fractionation, while a more concentrated immunoglobulin fraction from the other four milk samples contained such iga. before fractionation, 3 of 5 milk samples neutralized human rota-virus infection of llc ...	1980	6246713
multiplication of human rotavirus in cultured cells: an electron microscopic study.	human rotaviruses were capable of efficient multiplication in llc-mk2 cells when the inoculum was pre-treated with trypsin, centrifuged on to the cell monolayer and the infected cells maintained in a medium containing trypsin. however, not all of the human rotavirus isolates used to infect cells resulted in efficient virus production. the ability of human isolates to multiply in cultured cells was studied by direct observation of virus in the electron microscope, by radioactive labelling with 3h ...	1980	6245181
natural epizootic diarrhea of infant mice (edim): a light and electron microscope study.		1980	6247195
[incidence of complement fixation antibodies against rotavirus in children].		1980	6247234
seroepidemiology of rotavirus infection in rural bangladesh.	a prospective seroepidemiological study of rotavirus infection was performed in children in a village in rural bangladesh. ninety-three percent of the children had detectable antibodies during the study, and there were 66 significant rises in titer occurring in 57 of the 85 children. antibody titer rises occurred in older children and younger children with equal frequency. nine children (11%) had evidence of multiple infections during the 16-month period. winter infections were most frequent, al ...	1980	6247368
an outbreak of rotavirus infection in a long-stay ward of a geriatric hospital.	an outbreak of rotavirus infection in elderly patients in a long-stay ward of a geriatric hospital is described. virus was detected in 7/15 (47%) symptomatic individuals. four members of staff were among those affected. the findings emphasise the need for electron microscopy to be used in the initial investigation of outbreaks of diarrhoea in all age groups.	1980	6247370
chronic rotavirus infection in immunodeficiency.	the characteristics of rotavirus infection in 23 children with a variety of primary immunodeficiency diseases were studied. stools and sera were tested for rotavirus by means of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the enzyme-linked fluorescent assay, respectively. four immunodeficient patients had diarrhea during the study period and all had rotavirus infection; rotavirus was not detected in the stools of the 19 asymptomatic immunodeficient patients. forty-six control children with diarrhe ...	1980	6247473
concentration of seeded simian rotavirus sa-11 from potable waters by using talc-celite layers and hydroextraction.	there is mounting evidence for the waterborne transmission of diarrhea caused by rotaviruses. as a result, proper techniques are required for their recovery from samples of incriminated water. the combined efficiency of the talc-celite technique and polyethylene glycol 6000 hydroextraction was, therefore, tested for this purpose, using simian rotavirus sa-11 and ma-104 cells. conditioning of the dechlorinated tap water samples was carried out by ph adjustment to 6.0 and the addition of earle bal ...	1980	6247971
micro-organisms in outpatient infantile gastroenteritis.	this study reports the results of an examination of the stools of 58 infants with gastroenteritis who were seen as outpatients. the stools were examined by routine bacterial culture, and by electron microscopy for virus particles. the stools of a comparable control group of infants who had no gastrointestinal symptoms were also similarly examined. enteropathogenic escherichia coli, salmonella sp., and rotaviruses, as well as other viruses, particularly adenoviruses and coronaviruses, were isolat ...	1980	6247977
rotavirus in buenos aires, argentina.	rotavirus was studied over a 1-year period in 141 hospitalized children suffering from gastroenteritis and in 120 control children. electron microscopy and discontinuous counterimmunoelectrophoresis techniques were employed with equal success. rotavirus was detected with high frequency in children suffering from diarrhea (45 cases; 32%) and in only 2 cases (1.6%) of the control group. a marked seasonal distribution, with 80% in july (winter) and a decrease (0%) in december (summer), was observed ...	1980	6248485
disease due to enterotoxigenic escherichia coli in bangladeshi adults: clinical aspects and a controlled trial of tetracycline.	the clinical characteristics of disease due to enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) were determined in 88 adult males admitted to a hospital in dacca, bangladesh, with moderate to severe dehydration. persons infected with etec strains producing both heat-labile toxin (lt) and heat-stable (st) toxin had more dehydration and acidosis, longer duration of illness, and greater stool volume than persons infected with strains producing only st. tetracycline therapy, evaluated in 63 cases, resulted i ...	1980	6248600
rotavirus and other viral diarrhoeas: who scientific working group.	recent evidence indicates that viruses are an important cause of acute diarrhoea in infants and young children in both developed and developing countries. this article reviews the available information on the epidemiology, clinical features, and laboratory diagnosis of acute diarrhoea due to two of the more important and recently discovered viruses, namely rotaviruses and the norwalk and norwalk-like agents, or to other viral agents. research priorities are also recommended that will help to elu ...	1980	6249509
epidemiology of acute gastroenteritis in early childhood in kenya. iii. distribution of the aetiological agents.		1980	6249565
passive immunity in calf rotavirus infections: maternal vaccination increases and prolongs immunoglobulin g1 antibody secretion in milk.	ten heifers were inoculated on two occasions with an inactivated preparation of tissue culture-grown calf rotavirus, and a further ten heifers received a placebo vaccine. serum anti-rotavirus antibody titers were significantly increased throughout pregnancy in the vaccinated group. after calving, the mean neutralizing antibody titer of colostral whey in control cows was 100, associated with immunoglobulins a and g1. no antibody was detected in the milk of these cows after the 4th day postpartum. ...	1980	6249739
comparison of electron microscopy and immunofluorescence in cell culture for rotavirus detection.		1980	6249856
rotavirus gastroenteritis in the washington, dc, area: incidence of cases resulting in admission to the hospital.	the incidence of rotavirus gastroenteritis in infants and children that required admission to the hospital was estimated for a defined population of approximately 105,000 individuals, including 29,000 children aged 15 years or younger whose primary health care was provided by group health association, inc, a health maintenance organization in the washington, dc, area. from january 1977 through march 1979, almost all infants and children in this age group who required hospitalization for gastroen ...	1980	6250399
electron microscopic identification and subsequent isolation of a rotavirus from a dog with fatal neonatal diarrhea.	negative contrast electron microscopic examination of intestinal contents from a 3-day-old pup with fatal diarrhea exhibited numerous rotavirus-like particles. rotavirus was subsequently recovered, using mdck cells, and was carried through 11 sub-passages; rotavirus-like particles were identified in each passage by negative contrast electron microscopic examination. experimental inoculation of two 6-month-old beagle dogs with purified intestinal contents did not result in clinical signs or virus ...	1980	6250431
ultrastructural study of rotavirus replication in cultured cells.	a systematic ultrastructural analysis of the replication cycle of the simian rotavirus sa11 in permissive ma104 cells was performed under reproducible conditions. at 8 h p.i., small areas of viroplasm were seen adjacent to swollen vesicles of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rer) containing a few 80 to 90 nm virus particles. at later times, the size and number of these inclusions increased and the rer contained large numbers of the 80 to 90 nm particles as well as 52 to 65 nm particles. infected ...	1980	6243348
[viruses and gastroenteritis (author's transl)].	in recent years it has been demonstrated that a group of viruses, rotavirus for the children and norwalk agent for adults, are a highly significant cause of acute gastroenteritis during the months of winter ("winter vomiting disease"). the rotavirus was identified by bishop et al. as a double-stranded rna virus that can be isolate from faeces of children with acute gastroenteritis. viral gastroenteritis is an autolimitate disease, although under certain conditions it may even lead to severe dise ...	1980	6243384
proteolytic enzymes and rotavirus sa-11 plaque formation.	in addition to trypsin, eight other proteolytic enzyme preparations were tested for their ability to assist simian rotavirus sa-11 plaque formation in ma-104 cells. when incorporated in the overlay (minimal essential medium and 0.7% ionagar no. 2) in the concentrations per ml indicated, alpha-chymotrypsin (10 micrograms), elastase (0.5 micrograms), subtilisin (0.5 micrograms), pronase (2.5 micrograms) and pancreatin (25 micrograms) were as efficient as trypsin (5 micrograms) in helping sa-11 pro ...	1980	6250685
diagnosis of rotavirus, adenovirus, and herpesvirus infections by immune electron microscopy using a serum-in-agar diffusion method.	the sensitivity of immune electron microscopy (iem) for the detection and identification of bovine rotavirus, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (ibr), and canine adenovirus has been studied by using the serum-in-agar (sia) method in which a specific antiserum has been incorporated in agar.	1980	6250692
epidemiology of acute gastroenteritis in early childhood in kenya. v. an inverse relationship between the peak age-incidence and the waning of rotavirus maternal antibodies.		1980	6250785
approaches to immunization of infants and young children against gastroenteritis due to rotaviruses.	recent studies have shown that in developed countries rotaviruses are the single most important etiologic agents of acute gastroenteritis that requires hospitalization of infants and young children. although deaths from gastroenteritis are, in general, infrequent in the developed countries, an effective rotavirus vaccine would clearly be of benefit to reduce the heavy toll of morbidity from gastroenteritis due to rotavirus. in the developing countries the impact of diarrheal diseases is staggeri ...	1980	6251528
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays adapted for serotyping of human rotavirus strains.	five enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay systems were adapted for serotyping human rotavirus strains and were compared with a sensitive complement fixation test in terms of specificity and sensitivity. the assays differed mainly with regard to the antibody systems involved in the double sandwich. serotype differentiation of 34 rotavirus strains was achieved by determining a neutralization endpoint titer, either with a constant antiserum-varying antigen dilution method or vice versa. the procedure ...	1980	6243672
[rotavirus in infantile diarrhea (author's transl)].		1980	6254124
further studies on neonatal rotavirus infections.	forty newborn babies who were shown to be excreting rotaviruses within a few days of birth were tested daily for one month. most were found to excrete virus for only a short period of time. in 48% of babies, virus was found on one day only, in 25% it was present for two days, and in 10% for three days. most of these infections did not appear to confer lasting immunity. only 21% of young children who excreted virus as neonates had detectable circulating complement-fixing antibodies when eight to ...	1980	6244482
cryptosporidia associated with rotavirus and an escherichia coli in an outbreak of calf scour.		1980	6254229
new emerging viral zoonoses.	new developments in the field of viral transmission from animal to man can be divided into four areas of study. first are the new viral zoonoses such as diseases caused by rotaviruses, lassa virus and the animal orthopox viruses which will be more prevalent after the cessation of mandatory vaccination against smallpox. secondly are the numerous ubiquitous viruses, such as adeno and herpesviruses, which in healthy animals lead only to clinically inapparent infections. a typical example of the thi ...	1980	6254232
rotavirus antibody in chickens as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent blocking assay.	the antibody titer of 202 chickens to sa-11 rotavirus was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent blocking assay. the chickens were from 15 separate flocks on six farms. the titer was detectable (1:18 or greater dilution) in 43% of the chickens. the wide variation in infection rate between flocks on individual farms (0% to 90%) indicated there is probably not significant transmission of the virus between flocks on the farm. significant differences in numbers of serotest-positive birds were fou ...	1980	6254403