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detection of porcine circovirus genotypes 2a and 2b in aborted foetuses from infected swine herds in the state of são paulo, brazil.porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) has been associated with several disease complexes, including reproductive failure. the aim of this study was to identify the subtypes of pcv2 that are associated with reproductive failure in pigs from the state of são paulo, brazil and to investigate co-infections with other infectious organisms.201222554105
prevalence and phylogenetic analysis of the current porcine circovirus 2 genotypes after implementation of widespread vaccination programmes in the usa.to determine the prevalence of porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) genotypes in the usa during 2010-2011, 5 years after widespread pcv2 vaccination, serum samples from clinically normal pigs that were pcv2 vaccinated (n = 1177), non-vaccinated (n = 378) or of unknown vaccination status (n = 120), and 100 lung samples from pigs diagnosed with pcv-associated disease (pcvad) were tested. the presence of pcv2, pcv1, pcv1-2a and porcine parvovirus (ppv) dna was determined by pcr. determination of the pcv2 ge ...201222398315
detection, prevalence and analysis of emerging porcine parvovirus infections.a number of newly identified porcine parvoviruses had been described during the last decade, but the presence and prevalence of these viruses are unknown in hungary and only partly known for europe. the present study was conducted to detect and measure the prevalence of these viruses, namely porcine parvovirus (ppv) 2, ppv3, ppv4, porcine bocavirus (pbov) 1, pbov2, pbo-likev and the 6v and 7v parvoviruses. the prevalence of ppv1 and porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) was also investigated. faecal ...201222383055
ungulate copiparvovirus 2 in healthy and postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome-affected pigs.a sybr green-based real-time polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) was designed to detect ungulate copiparvovirus 2, also known as porcine parvovirus 4 (ppv4). the test was applied to search for ppv4 dnaemia in sera from 1- to 4-month-old pigs displaying signs of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws), as well as in sera from healthy swine at equivalent age and in sera from older healthy animals (>6 months old). high levels of ppv4 dna were detected in pmws-affected pigs. the mean viral dn ...201728382380
porcine parvovirus induces activation of nf-κb signaling pathways in pk-15 cells mediated by toll-like receptors.porcine parvovirus (ppv) is a pathogenic factor that primarily induces severe reproductive failure of pregnant swine, which results in extensive losses to the swine industry worldwide. in this study, a potential mechanism of ppv-induced activation of the nuclear transcription factor-kappab (nf-κb) by infection in porcine kidney cells (pk-15) was elucidated for the first time. the subcellular localization of p65 analyzed by immunofluorescence assay (ifa) showed that ppv infection induced p65 tran ...201728340426
circulation of porcine parvovirus types 1 through 6 in serum samples obtained from six commercial polish pig farms.porcine parvoviruses are small non-enveloped dna viruses, very resistant to inactivation, and ubiquitous in the global pig population. porcine parvovirus type 1 (ppv1) has been known since the 1960s and is a major causative agent of reproductive failure in breeding herds. during the last decade, several new parvoviruses have been identified in pigs by molecular methods and have been consecutively designated as ppv2 through ppv6. epidemiology data for these viruses are limited, and the impact of ...201627882679
porcine bocavirus np1 protein suppresses type i ifn production by interfering with irf3 dna-binding activity.type i interferon (ifn) and the ifn-induced cellular antiviral responses are the primary defense mechanisms against viral infection; however, viruses always evolve various mechanisms to antagonize this host's ifn responses. porcine bocavirus (pbov) is a newly identified porcine parvovirus. in this study, we found that the nonstructural protein np1 of pbov inhibits sendai virus-induced ifn-β production and the subsequent expression of ifn-stimulating genes (isgs). ectopic expression of np1 signif ...201627481269
first identification of porcine parvovirus 6 in poland.porcine parvovirus type 1 is a major causative agent of swine reproductive failure. during the past decade, several new parvoviruses have been discovered in pigs. porcine parvovirus type 6 (ppv6), recently identified, has been reported in pigs in china and in the usa while the ppv6 status in the european pig population remains undetermined. in the present study, ppv6 dna was identified in serum samples collected from domestic pigs in poland. in investigated herds, the prevalence of ppv6 was 14.9 ...201727590228
first genome sequences of porcine parvovirus 5 strains identified in polish pigs.porcine parvovirus type 5 (ppv5) has been recently identified. here, we report the genome sequences of five ppv5 strains identified in serum samples from polish pigs, which represent the first ppv5 sequences recovered from european pigs. the ppv5 strains isolated in poland are most related to the chinese strain hn01.201627587805
a novel rodent chapparvovirus in feces of wild rats.chapparvovirus, a recently determined new genus in the family parvoviridae, can infect many species of animals including bats, chickens, and pigs. here, using viral metagenomics method, we identified a novel chapparvovirus from feces of wild rats and designated it as rat parvovirus 2 (rpv2). the nearly complete genome of rpv2 is 4222-nt long and includes two orfs encoding a 654-aa nonstructural protein 1 (ns1) and a 472-aa capsid protein (vp), respectively. phylogenetic analysis over the amino a ...201627473724
development and validation of a multiplex conventional pcr assay for simultaneous detection and grouping of porcine bocaviruses.porcine bocavirus (pbov), a newly described porcine parvovirus, has received attention because it can be commonly identified in clinically affected pigs including pigs with post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pwms) and pigs with diarrhea. in recent years, novel pbovs have been identified and were classified into three genogroups, but the ability to detect and classify these novel pbovs is not comprehensive to date. in this study, a multiplex conventional pcr assay for simultaneous detec ...201627448821
discovery of a novel parvovirinae virus, porcine parvovirus 7, by metagenomic sequencing of porcine rectal swabs.parvoviruses are a diverse group of viruses containing some of the smallest known species that are capable of infecting a wide range of animals. metagenomic sequencing of pooled rectal swabs from adult pigs identified a 4103-bp contig consisting of two major open reading frames encoding proteins of 672 and 469 amino acids (aa) in length. blastp analysis of the 672-aa protein found 42.4 % identity to fruit bat (eidolon helvum) parvovirus 2 (ehpv2) and 37.9 % to turkey parvovirus (tupv) tp1-2012/h ...201626995221
detection of porcine parvovirus 2 (ungulate tetraparvovirus 3) specific antibodies and examination of the serological profile of an infected swine herd.porcine parvovirus 2 (ppv2) is a member of a recently discovered group of swine parvoviruses occurring worldwide. it is frequently detected in lung samples suggesting some pathological role of the virus in diseases. to study this possibility an indirect elisa was developed to detect ppv2 specific antibodies and to examine the serological profile of an infected swine herd where 185 serum samples collected from different age groups including sows were analyzed. according to the results maternal an ...201626974825
genome sequences of the novel porcine parvovirus 3, identified in guangxi province, china.porcine parvovirus 3 is a novel parvovirus that infects pigs. here, we report two genome sequences of porcine parvovirus 3 strains gx1 and gx2, which are highly prevalent in guangxi province. it will help in understanding the epidemiology and molecular characteristics of the porcine parvovirus 3.201626941135
porcine parvovirus infection activates mitochondria-mediated apoptotic signaling pathway by inducing ros accumulation.porcine parvovirus (ppv) infection primarily causes reproductive failure of pregnant swine and results in host cell death. boars, as an important disseminator, shed ppv to sows via semen. ppv infects and numerously replicates in boar testicle, which results in damage of swine testicle in vivo. reactive oxygen species (ros), a mediator of cell apoptosis, play a crucial role in the mitochondria apoptotic pathway. however, whether ppv infection induces st cells apoptosis and ros accumulation is sti ...201626880103
porcine hokovirus in wild boar in portugal.porcine hokovirus (phov), also referred to as porcine parvovirus 4 (p-parv4), a recently discovered parvovirus of swine that is closely related to human parvovirus 4/5 (h-parv4/5), was first described in hong kong. to evaluate the occurrence of p-parv4 in portuguese wild boars in the hunting season of 2011/2012, liver and serum samples were tested. p-parv4 was detected in 24 % of the wild boars analyzed. phylogenetic analysis showed a close relationship between the p-parv4 isolates and other p-p ...201626711454
the adjuvanticity of ophiopogon polysaccharide liposome against an inactivated porcine parvovirus vaccine in mice.in this study, the adjuvant activity of ophiopogon polysaccharide liposome (opl) was investigated. the effects of opl on the splenic lymphocyte proliferation of mice were measured in vitro. the results showed that opl could significantly promote lymphocyte proliferation singly or synergistically with pha and lps and that the effect was better than ophiopogon polysaccharide (op) at most of concentrations. the adjuvant activities of opl, op and mineral oil were compared in balb/c mice inoculated w ...201626529188
porcine bocavirus np1 negatively regulates interferon signaling pathway by targeting the dna-binding domain of irf9.to subvert host antiviral immune responses, many viruses have evolved countermeasures to inhibit ifn signaling pathway. porcine bocavirus (pbov), a newly identified porcine parvovirus, has received attention because it shows clinically high co-infection prevalence with other pathogens in post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pwms) and diarrheic piglets. in this study, we screened the structural and non-structural proteins encoded by pbov and found that the non-structural protein np1 signi ...201526342467
quantum dot incorporated bacillus spore as nanosensor for viral infection.in this paper, we report a high-throughput biological method to prepare spore-based monodisperse microparticles (smms) and then form the nanocomposites of cdte quantum dot (qd)-loaded smms by utilizing the endogenous functional groups from bacillus spores. the smms and qd-incorporated spore microspheres (qdsms) were characterized by using transmission electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, fluorescence and uv-visible absorption spectroscop ...201526190468
identification of three ppv1 vp2 protein-specific b cell linear epitopes using monoclonal antibodies against baculovirus-expressed recombinant vp2 protein.porcine parvovirus type 1 (ppv1) is a major causative agent of embryonic and fetal death in swine. the ppv1 vp2 protein is closely associated with viral immunogenicity for eliciting neutralizing antibodies, but its antigenic structures have been largely unknown. we generated three monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against baculovirus-expressed recombinant ppv1 vp2 protein. a pepscan analysis identified the minimal b cell linear epitopes of ppv1 vp2 based on these mabs. three core epitopes, (228)qqitd ...201526153140
the anti-porcine parvovirus activity of nanometer propolis flavone and propolis flavone in vitro and in vivo.objectives. the present study was conducted to evaluate the activity of nanometer propolis flavone (npf) on inhibiting porcine parvovirus (ppv) in vitro and in vivo. methods. in vitro, the effect of npf on cellular infectivity of ppv was carried out before and after adding drug and simultaneous adding and ppv after being mixed. in vivo, the anti-ppv effect of npf in guinea pigs was performed. results. the results showed that npf could significantly inhibit ppv infecting porcine kidney- (pk-) 15 ...201525815034
a taqman qpcr for quantitation of ungulate protoparvovirus 1 validated in several matrices.ungulate protoparvovirus 1 (upv1) is one of the major causes of reproductive disorders in swine. recently, the rapid viral evolution of upv1 and its viral persistence in several tissues has been described. based upon this, a real-time qpcr method using upgraded primers targeting vp1 and applying the taqman technology was developed in this study for upv1, and it was validated in feces, serum and tissue. within the results, the limit of detection of the qpcr was 100copies of the viral genome per r ...201525779824
integrity testing of planova™ bioex virus removal filters used in the manufacture of biological products.confirmation of virus filter integrity is crucial for ensuring the safety of biological products. two main types of virus filter defects may produce inconsistent and undesirable performance in virus removal: improper pore-size distribution across the membrane; and specific damage, such as tears, broken fibers, or pinholes. two integrity tests are performed on each individual filter manufactured by asahi kasei medical to ensure the absence of these defects prior to shipment. in this study, we ver ...201525753822
complete genome sequence of porcine parvovirus n strain isolated from guangxi, china.we report here the complete genomic sequence of the porcine parvovirus (ppv) n strain, isolated in 1989 from the viscera of a stillborn fetus farrowed by a gilt in guangxi, southern china. phylogenetic analyses suggest that the ppv-n strain is closely related to attenuated ppv nadl-2 strains. the ppv-n strain has good immunogenicity, genetic stability, and safety.201525573932
porcine parvovirus infection induces apoptosis in pk-15 cells through activation of p53 and mitochondria-mediated pathway.porcine parvovirus (ppv) infection has been reported to induce the cytopathic effects (cpe) in some special host cells and contribute the occurrence of porcine parvovirus disease, but the molecular mechanisms underlying ppv-induced cpe are not clear. in this study, we investigated the morphological and molecular changes of porcine kidney cell line (pk-15 cells) infected with ppv. the results showed that ppv infection inhibited the viability of pk-15 cells in a time and concentration dependent ma ...201525499817
involvement of toxoplasma gondii in reproductive disorders in swiss pig farms.to determine the role of toxoplasma gondii in reproductive failure, 108 of 113 sows that had aborted or delivered stillborn or weak piglets from 58 swiss farms were serologically tested for specific antibodies against t. gondii tachyzoite antigens by elisa. additionally, formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues from 123 foetuses or stillborn piglets derived from 25 seropositive and 27 seronegative sows were analyzed by real-time pcr for t. gondii dna. tissues from animals showing a positive ...201525456854
prevalence and genomic characterization of porcine parvoviruses detected in chiangmai area of thailand in 2011.porcine parvovirus (ppv) causes reproductive failure in sows and has spread worldwide. several new types of porcine parvoviruses have recently been identified in pig herds. the prevalence of five porcine parvoviruses in the chiangmai area of thailand was studied. the prevalence in 80 pigs was 53% for ppv (ppv-kr or -nadl2 being the new abbreviations), 83% for ppv2 (cnp-parv4), 73% for ppv3 (p-parv4), 44% for ppv4 (ppv4), and 18% for pbo-likev (pbov7). over 60% of the pigs carried more than three ...201525431024
development and evaluation of the rvp-elisa for detection of antibodies against porcine parvovirus.the gene encoding the vp2 protein of porcine parvovirus (ppv) was expressed in an insect-baculovirus system. the recombinant (r) vp2 was similar antigenically/functionally to the native capsid protein as demonstrated by hemagglutination (ha), western blotting using ppv positive sera. the purified rvp2 proteins were used as coating antigen to establish a rvp-elisa method for detection of ppv positive and negative sera from pigs. the optimal operating conditions of the rvp-elisa were: the concentr ...201424945904
coexistence of multiple strains of porcine parvovirus 2 in pig farms.the porcine parvovirus 2 (ppv2) genome was first identified in 2001 in myanmar. recently, the ppv2 genome has been found in several other countries. in this study, the prevalence of ppv2 in japanese domestic pigs was investigated and found to be 58% (69/120) in healthy domestic pigs and 100% (69/69) in sick domestic pigs. sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the pcr products of the vp1 gene and an almost full length ppv2 clone indicated that diverged ppv2 strains exist in japan. clearly disti ...201424845822
virus adsorption of water-stable quaternized chitosan nanofibers.the burden of unsafe drinking water is responsible for millions of deaths each year. to relieve this burden, we are in search of an inexpensive material that can adsorb pathogens from drinking water. in this pursuit, we have studied the natural carbohydrate, chitosan. to impart virus removal features, chitosan has been functionalized with a quaternary amine to form quaternized chitosan n-[(2-hydroxyl-3-trimethylammonium) propyl] chitosan (htcc). htcc can be electrospun into nanofibers with the n ...201424561959
complete genome sequence of a porcine parvovirus strain isolated in central china.we report here the complete genome sequence of the porcine parvovirus (ppv) strain j-ppv, isolated from central china. our data, together with sequence data for ppv isolates from other regions of china, will help in understanding the epidemiology and molecular characteristics of ppv field isolates in china.201424482519
cpg distribution and methylation pattern in porcine parvovirus.based on gc content and the observed/expected cpg ratio (ocpgr), we found three major groups among the members of subfamily parvovirinae: group i parvoviruses with low gc content and low ocpgr values, group ii with low gc content and high ocpgr values and group iii with high gc content and high ocpgr values. porcine parvovirus belongs to group i and it features an ascendant cpg distribution by position in its coding regions similarly to the majority of the parvoviruses. the entire ppv genome rem ...201324392033
first complete genomic characterization of a porcine parvovirus 5 isolate from china.to investigate porcine parvovirus 5 (ppv5) infections in swine herds in china, clinical specimens of piglet lungs were examined for the presence of ppv5 using a polymerase chain reaction method. a strain of ppv5 was detected, and its genome was sequenced and analyzed. in the sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis, the chinese ppv5 strain clustered into a distinct clade with the reference ppv5 strains. these results provide direct evidence that ppv5 is present in pigs in china. extensive ep ...201424327097
zearalenone affects immune-related parameters in lymphoid organs and serum of rats vaccinated with porcine parvovirus vaccine.rats were administered zearalenone (zea) via gavage at dosages of 0, 1, 5, and 30 mg/kg for 36 days. on treatment day 8, inactivated porcine parvovirus vaccine (vac) was injected intraperitoneally. antibody production against porcine parvovirus was then measured as a function of zea treatment. compared to the vaccine alone, zea treatment, with or without vac, decreased the serum level of igg. the level of igm decreased in all zea groups at day 22, but the decrease was sustained only in the mediu ...201224278621
production and immunogenicity of vp2 protein of porcine parvovirus expressed in pichia pastoris.viral protein 2 (vp2) of porcine parvovirus (ppv) is the major viral structural protein and is responsible for eliciting neutralizing antibodies in immunized animals. in this study, we constructed and characterized a recombinant yeast vector encoding the vp2 protein, designated as pgapzαa-vp2. the construct was confirmed by restriction enzyme digestion, pcr, and sequencing and then introduced into p. pastoris strain smd1168 by electroporation. the expressed vp2 protein was analyzed by sds-page a ...201424221249
phylogeny and evolution of porcine parvovirus.porcine parvovirus (ppv), a member of the genus parvovirus, family parvoviridae, is a significant causative agent in porcine reproductive failure, causing serious economic losses in the swine industry. previous phylogenetic studies based on the ns1 or vp2 genes indicated that current ppv strains diverged 30 years ago and that vp2 was under neutral or positive selection. our analysis of ns1, vp2 and complete orfs indicated that the most recent common ancestor of ppv strains existed about 250 year ...201324050995
emerging novel porcine parvoviruses in europe: origin, evolution, phylodynamics and phylogeography.to elucidate the spatiotemporal phylodynamics, dispersion and evolutionary processes underlying the emergence of novel porcine parvovirus 2 (ppv2), ppv3 and ppv4 species, we analysed all available complete capsid genes, together with ours, obtained in europe. bayesian phylogeography indicates that romania (ppv2 and ppv4) and croatia (ppv3) are the most likely ancestral areas from which ppvs have subsequently spread to other european countries and regions. the timescale of our reconstruction supp ...201323884365
chemiluminescence immunoassay for the rapid and sensitive detection of antibody against porcine parvovirus by using horseradish peroxidase/detection antibody-coated gold nanoparticles as nanoprobes.a rapid, simple, facile, sensitive and enzyme-amplified chemiluminescence immunoassay (clia) method to detect antibodies against porcine parvovirus has been developed. horseradish peroxidase (hrp) and the detection antibody were simultaneously co-immobilized on the surface of gold nanoparticles using the electrostatic method to form gold nanoparticle-based nanoprobes. this nanoprobe was employed in a sandwich-type clia, which enables cl signal readout from enzymatic catalysis and results in sign ...201423832716
hybrid dna virus in chinese patients with seronegative hepatitis discovered by deep sequencing.seronegative hepatitis--non-a, non-b, non-c, non-d, non-e hepatitis--is poorly characterized but strongly associated with serious complications. we collected 92 sera specimens from patients with non-a-e hepatitis in chongqing, china between 1999 and 2007. ten sera pools were screened by solexa deep sequencing. we discovered a 3,780-bp contig present in all 10 pools that yielded blastx e scores of 7e-05-0.008 against parvoviruses. the complete sequence of the in silico-assembled 3,780-bp contig w ...201323716702
effects of oral deoxynivalenol exposure on immune-related parameters in lymphoid organs and serum of mice vaccinated with porcine parvovirus vaccine.mice were exposed to deoxynivalenol (don) via drinking water at a concentration of 2 mg/l for 36 days. on day 8 of treatment, inactivated porcine parvovirus vaccine (ppv) was injected intraperitoneally. the relative and absolute weight of the spleen was significantly decreased in the don-treated group (don). antibody titers to parvovirus in serum were 47.9 ± 2.4 in the vaccination group (vac), but 15.2 ± 6.5 in the group treated with don and vaccine (don + vac). the iga and igg was not different ...201323436220
retraction. interclade recombination in porcine parvovirus strains. 201323329682
complete genome sequence of a novel porcine parvovirus in china.the porcine parvovirus jt strain (ppv-jt) was isolated from a piglet showing nonsuppurative myocarditis in shandong, china, in 2010. the complete genomic sequence of ppv-jt, 4,941 bp long, was determined from clones made from replicative form (rf) dna. the genomic analysis demonstrated that the ppv-jt might be involved in a recombination event, which will help us understand the molecular characteristics and evolutionary of ppv in china.201223166265
capsid protein evolution and comparative phylogeny of novel porcine parvoviruses.in addition to the well known "classical" porcine parvovirus (ppv1; responsible for reproductive failure of susceptible sows) several new porcine parvoviruses have been recognized (ppv2, ppv3 and ppv4) in recent years. the genetic variation, characteristics and evolutionary factors shaping these novel ppvs were studied by comparing the complete capsid (cap) genes of ppvs from domestic pigs and wild boars. using bayesian coalescent methods we estimated the rate of nucleotide substitution for ppv2 ...201323044400
characterization of the capsid protein vp2 gene of a virulent strain ne/09 of porcine parvovirus isolated in china.a virulent strain ne/09 of porcine parvovirus (ppv) was isolated from mummified swine fetus samples in china and its capsid protein vp2 gene was analyzed. the data showed that the vp2 gene encompassed an open reading frame of 1713 nucleotides with a composition of 684 adenine (39.9%), 387 cytosine (22.6%), 268 guanine (15.7%), and 374 thymine (21.8%). the vp2 gene encoded a 570aa-long protein which could be recognized by anti-ppv-vp2 monoclonal antibody 3c9. sequence analysis revealed that the v ...201323021153
characterization of porcine parvovirus type 2 (ppv2) which is highly prevalent in the usa.a novel porcine parvovirus designated as porcine parvovirus 2 (ppv2) was initially identified in myanmar in 2001, in china during 2006-2007, and in hungary in 2012. to investigate the presence and prevalence of ppv2 in the usa, a novel taqman(®) real-time pcr method was developed and used for a ppv2 survey using 483 lung samples, 185 fecal samples and 122 sera collected from pigs on 295 farms in 18 u.s. states. the overall prevalence of ppv2 was 20.7% (100/483) in lung samples and 7.6% (14/185) ...201322901530
enhancing immune responses to inactivated porcine parvovirus oil emulsion vaccine by co-inoculating porcine transfer factor in mice.inactivated porcine parvovirus (ppv) vaccines are available commercially and widely used in the breeding herds. however, inactivated ppv vaccines have deficiencies in induction of specific cellular immune response. transfer factor (tf) is a material that obtained from the leukocytes, and is a novel immune-stimulatory reagent that as a modulator of the immune system. in this study, the immunogenicity of ppv oil emulsion vaccine and the immuno-regulatory activities of tf were investigated. the ina ...201222705080
phylogeny and evolutionary genetics of porcine parvovirus in wild boars.porcine parvovirus (ppv) is widespread among swine and is responsible for reproductive failure of susceptible sows, characterized by embryonic and fetal death. studies showed that ppv in domestic pig is genetically diverse and some strains differ from the ones used for vaccination. organ samples from wild boars and domestic pigs were collected in transylvania (romania) and tested for the presence of ppv by polymerase chain reaction. positive samples were grouped and 14 from the wild boar and 1 f ...201222575819
monoclonal antibody capture and viral clearance by cation exchange chromatography.traditionally, post-production culture harvest capture of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mabs) is performed using protein a chromatography. we investigated the efficiency and robustness of cation exchange chromatography (cex) in an effort to evaluate alternative capture methodologies. up to five commercially available cex resins were systematically evaluated using an experimentally optimized buffer platform and a design-of-experiment (doe) approach for their ability to (a) capture a model ma ...201222488719
genome sequence of chinese porcine parvovirus strain ppv2010.porcine parvovirus (ppv) isolate ppv2010 has recently emerged in china. herein, we analyze the complete genome sequence of ppv2010. our results indicate that the genome of ppv2010 bears mixed characteristics of virulent ppv and vaccine strains. importantly, ppv2010 has the potential to be a naturally attenuated candidate vaccine strain.201222282333
seroprevalence of economically important viral pathogens in swine populations of trinidad and tobago, west indies.the objective of this study was to evaluate the seroprevalence and identify the strains of swine influenza virus (swiv), as well as the seroprevalence of porcine parvovirus (ppv), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), porcine respiratory coronavirus (prcv), porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2), and classical swine fever virus (csfv) in pigs in trinidad and tobago (t&t). blood samples (309) were randomly collected from pigs at farms ...201728523387
dynamics of vanishing of maternally derived antibodies of ungulate protoparvovirus 1 suggests an optimal age for gilts vaccination.the prevention of ungulate protoparvovirus 1 (upv1) infection and consequently the reproductive losses is based on vaccination of all pigs intended for breeding. as maternally derived antibodies (mda) can interfere with the development of immunity following vaccination, it is important to know the duration of anti-upv1 mda to determine the optimal age for the best vaccination efficacy. to elucidate the association between dam and piglet antibody levels against upv1 and to estimate the decrease r ...201728470582
survey for selected pathogens in wild pigs (sus scrofa) from guam, marianna islands, usa.pigs (sus scrofa) were introduced to guam in the 1600's and are now present in high densities throughout the island. wild pigs are reservoirs for pathogens of concern to domestic animals and humans. exposure to porcine parvovirus, transmissible gastroenteritis, and leptospira interrogans has been documented in domestic swine but data from wild pigs are lacking. the close proximity of humans, domestic animals, and wild pigs, combined with the liberal hunting of wild pigs, results in frequent oppo ...201728622856
efficacy of inactivation of viral contaminants in hyperimmune horse plasma against botulinum toxin by low ph alone and combined with pepsin digestion.assuring viral safety of horse plasma-derived products is fundamental for ethical and regulatory reasons. we previously demonstrated the ability of pepsin digestion at low ph to inactivate west nile and sindbis viruses in horse plasma. the present study further examined the efficiency of pepsin digestion to inactivate four additional viruses: hsv-1 and bvdv (lipid-enveloped), bpv and reo-3 (nonenveloped). these viruses were spiked into hyperimmunized horse plasma against botulinum toxin and subj ...201728633975
a novel viewrna in situ hybridization method for the detection of the dynamic distribution of classical swine fever virus rna in pk15 cells.classical swine fever (csf) is a highly contagious fatal infectious disease caused by classical swine fever virus (csfv). a better understanding of csfv replication is important for the study of pathogenic mechanism of csf. with the development of novel rna in situ hybridization method, quantitatively localization and visualization of the virus rna molecular in cultured cell or tissue section becomes very important tool to address these pivotal pathogenic questions. in this study, we established ...201728420390
the role of nuclear localization signal in parvovirus life cycle.parvoviruses are small, non-enveloped viruses with an approximately 5.0 kb, single-stranded dna genome. usually, the parvovirus capsid gene contains one or more nuclear localization signals (nlss), which are required for guiding the virus particle into the nucleus through the nuclear pore. however, several classical nlss (cnlss) and non-classical nlss (ncnlss) have been identified in non-structural genes, and the ncnlss can also target non-structural proteins into the nucleus. in this review, we ...201728410597
development of isothermal recombinase polymerase amplification assay for rapid detection of porcine circovirus type 2.porcine circovirus virus type ii (pcv2) is the etiology of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws), porcine dermatitis, nephropathy syndrome (pdns), and necrotizing pneumonia. rapid diagnosis tool for detection of pcv2 plays an important role in the disease control and eradication program. recombinase polymerase amplification (rpa) assays using a real-time fluorescent detection (pcv2 real-time rpa assay) and rpa combined with lateral flow dipstick (pcv2 rpa lfd assay) were developed ta ...201728424790
biological safety of a highly purified 10% liquid intravenous immunoglobulin preparation from human plasma.a highly purified 10% liquid intravenous immunoglobulin, iqymune(®), has been developed using an innovative manufacturing process including an affinity chromatography step for the removal of anti-a and anti-b hemagglutinins.201728508264
intrauterine delivery of subunit vaccines induces a systemic and mucosal immune response in rabbits.mucosal vaccines have long been sought after to improve protection though the production of both a mucosal and systemic immune response, and are thought to be particularly effective at the site of induction. development of such vaccines has, however, been delayed by the general propensity to develop immune tolerance to antigens encountered at mucosal sites. this study aimed to determine whether an appropriately formulated subunit vaccine delivered to the uterine lumen would effectively trigger i ...201728771858
porcine parvovirus infection activates inflammatory cytokine production through toll-like receptor 9 and nf-κb signaling pathways in porcine kidney cells.porcine parvovirus virus (ppv) is an animal virus that has caused high economic losses for the swine industry worldwide. previous studies demonstrated that ppv infection induced significant production of interleukin 6 (il-6) in vitro and in vivo. however, the inflammatory cytokines and specific signaling pathways induced during ppv infection remain largely unknown. in the present study, we analyzed the expression levels of il-6 in ppv-infected porcine kidney 15 (pk-15) and the results showed tha ...201728757040
an exo probe-based recombinase polymerase amplification assay for the rapid detection of porcine parvovirus.recombinase polymerase amplification (rpa), an isothermal amplification technology, has been developed as an alternative to pcr in pathogen detection. a real-time rpa assay (rt-rpa) was developed to detect the porcine parvovirus (ppv) using primers and exo probe specific for the vp2 gene. the amplification was performed at 39°c for 20min. there was no cross-reaction with other pathogens tested. using the recombinant plasmid pppv-vp2 as template, the analytical sensitivity was 103 copies. the ass ...201728690087
a viral metagenomic approach on a non-metagenomic experiment: mining next generation sequencing datasets from pig dna identified several porcine parvoviruses for a retrospective evaluation of viral infections.shot-gun next generation sequencing (ngs) on whole dna extracted from specimens collected from mammals often produces reads that are not mapped (i.e. unmapped reads) on the host reference genome and that are usually discarded as by-products of the experiments. in this study, we mined ion torrent reads obtained by sequencing dna isolated from archived blood samples collected from 100 performance tested italian large white pigs. two reduced representation libraries were prepared from two dna pools ...201728662150
the sat protein of porcine parvovirus accelerates viral spreading through induction of irreversible endoplasmic reticulum stress.the sat protein (satp) of porcine parvovirus (ppv) accumulates in the endoplasmic reticulum (er), and sat deletion induces the slow-spreading phenotype. the in vitro comparison of the wild-type kresse strain and its sat knockout (sat(-)) mutant revealed that prolonged cell integrity and late viral release are responsible for the slower spreading of the sat(-) virus. during ppv infection, regardless of the presence or absence of satp, the expression of downstream er stress response proteins (xbp1 ...201728566374
first report of detection and molecular characterization of porcine parvovirus in domestic and wild pigs in kerala, india.porcine parvovirus (ppv) is a dna virus of the genus parvovirus of family parvoviridae. it is the causative agent of many disease problems in pigs such as maternal reproductive failure, stillbirth, mummification, embryonic or fetal death, infertility, abortion and neonatal death. a study was conducted to assess the incidence of the virus in pigs in kerala state in south india. a total of 38 samples were collected from domestic and wild pigs from different districts of the state. polymerase chain ...201628466045
complete genome sequences of porcine parvovirus 2 isolated from swine in the republic of korea.here, we report sequences of the porcine parvovirus 2 (ppv2) genome, isolated from pigs in the republic of korea in 2016. the sequences of open reading frames 1 and 2 (orf1 and orf2) had a 98.8 to 98.9% homology with the us135 strain and 98.8% homology with the us523 strain, respectively. this is the first study to report the ppv2 genome in south korean pigs.201728408693
a serologic survey of pathogens in wild boar ( sus scrofa) in sweden.the wild boar ( sus scrofa) population has increased markedly during the last three decades in sweden and in other parts of europe. this population growth may lead to increased contact between the wild boar and the domestic pig ( sus scrofa scrofa), increasing the risk of transmission of pathogens. the objective of our study was to estimate the seroprevalence of selective pathogens, known to be shared between wild boars and domestic pigs in europe, in three wild boar populations in sweden. in to ...201829377751
a plate of viruses: viral metagenomics of supermarket chicken, pork and beef from brazil.a viral metagenomics study was conducted in beef, pork, and chicken sold in supermarkets from southern brazil. from chicken, six distinct gyroviruses (gyv) were detected, including gyv3 and gyv6, which for the first time were detected in samples from avian species, plus a novel smacovirus species and two highly divergent circular rep-encoding ssdna (cress-dna) viruses. from pork, genomes of numerous anelloviruses, porcine parvovirus 5 (ppv5) and 6 (ppv6), two new genomoviruses and two new cress- ...202033032031
retrospective serological survey on selected viral pathogens in wild boar populations in germany.the objective of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the occurrence of porcine parvovirus (ppv), aujeszky's disease virus (adv), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), porcine respiratory coronavirus (prcv), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) and swine influenza virus (siv) in selected wild boar populations in germany (n  = 1,221). commercial enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and hemagglutination inhibition tests were used for serological monitoring. the sero ...200932214937
health assessment of wild lowland tapirs (tapirus terrestris) in the highly threatened cerrado biome, brazil.over 2 yr, we assessed the health of 35 lowland tapirs (tapirus terrestris) in the brazilian cerrado (ce) biome, an area that is highly affected by human activities. this involved physical examinations, hematology and blood biochemistry, urinalysis, fecal parasitologic evaluation, microbial profiling of anatomic cavities and lesions, and serologic surveys for evidence of infectious agents. research methods closely resembled those used in previous tapir health assessments in the atlantic forest ( ...202031526278
isolation and phylogenetic analysis of a new porcine parvovirus strain gd2013 in china.porcine parvovirus (ppv), a causative agent of an infectious reproductive disorder causing stillbirth, mummification, embryonic death and infertility (smedi) syndrome in swine, is a threat to both domestic pigs and wild boars regardless of age and gender. recent studies found that the observed average substitution rate in the ppv genome was close to those of the rna viruses and new strains showing serological neutralization activities different from that of the vaccine strain nadl-2 have been re ...202031605714
first identification of porcine parvovirus 3 in a wild boar in italy by viral metagenomics - short communication.metagenomic analysis revealed the presence of porcine parvovirus 3 (ppv3) in the pool of the internal organs of a wild boar found dead in southern italy. phylogenetic analysis based on the complete coding sequences showed that the newly detected virus is most closely related to those found also in wild boars in romania during 2010-2011. even though the death could not be associated with this virus, ppv3 could have contributed to lowering the host's immunological defences.201930922086
a serological survey of selected pathogens in wild boar (sus scrofa) in northern turkey.during the hunting season in march 2012, a total of 93 blood samples were collected from wild boars (sus scrofa) shot in the area of northern turkey (samsun and gumushane provinces). these blood samples were examined by enzyme immunoassay (elisa) for the presence of antibodies to classical swine fever virus (csfv), aujeszky's disease virus (adv), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), porcine respiratory coronavirus (prcv), swine influenza virus (siv), porcine parvovirus (p ...201332214940
nanobody‑horseradish peroxidase and -egfp fusions as reagents to detect porcine parvovirus in the immunoassays.antibodies are an important reagent to determine the specificity and accuracy of diagnostic immunoassays for various diseases. however, traditional antibodies have several shortcomings due to their limited abundance, difficulty in permanent storage, and required use of a secondary antibody. nanobodies, which are derived from single-chain camelid antibodies, can circumvent many of these limitations and, thus, appear to be a promising substitute. in the presented study, a sandwich elisa-like immun ...202031910833
examination and reconstruction of three ancient endogenous parvovirus capsid protein gene remnants found in rodent genomes.parvovirus-derived endogenous viral elements (eves) have been found in the genomes of many different animal species, resulting from integration events that may have occurred from more than 50 million years ago to much more recently. here, we further investigate the properties of autonomous parvovirus eves and describe their relationships to contemporary viruses. while we did not find any intact capsid protein open reading frames in the integrated viral sequences, we examined three eves that were ...201930626673
the immunogenicity of the virus-like particles derived from the vp2 protein of porcine parvovirus.porcine parvovirus (ppv) is a major cause of the syndrome of sow reproductive failure that can cause economic losses. in this study, we developed a subunit vaccine against porcine parvovirus (ppv), composed of virus-like particles (vlps) derived from a prokaryotic system, and evaluated its potential against ppv infection. the soluble recombinant vp2 protein was expressed in e. coli transetta(de3) cells using a pcold ii prokaryotic expression vector at a low temperature of 15 °c. after expression ...202032827923
large-scale manufacture of vp2 vlp vaccine against porcine parvovirus in escherichia coli with high-density fermentation.porcine parvovirus (ppv) virus-like particles (vlps) are a potential vaccine candidate for the prevention of parvovirus-induced reproductive failure in pregnant sows. currently, the escherichia coli (e. coli) expression system is the most cost-efficient to express recombinant proteins. to overcome the limitations of protein misfolding and to prepare soluble highly bioactive antigen and high yields of protein, we optimized the ppv-vp2 gene, subcloned it into pet24a, pet26b, pet28a, and pet30a, an ...202032130468
protective humoral immunity in guinea pigs induced by pcv2 virus-like particles displaying the b cell linear epitope (228qqitda233) of ppv1.although pcv2 infections generally cause mild disease in pigs, concurrent co-infections with other pathogens can damage the immune system and cause more severe diseases, collectively termed porcine circovirus associated diseases (pcvad). involvement of porcine parvovirus (ppv, a common cause of reproductive failure in naïve dams) in pcvad caused by pcv2, has been reported. as this co-infection can be difficult to eliminate, there is a critical need to develop an effective vaccine to protect agai ...201931282383
detection and characterization of viral pathogens associated with reproductive failure in wild boars in central italy.wild boar and domestic swine share several pathogens, including viruses responsible for reproductive failures, representing an important sanitary and economic risk for the swine industry. among them, suid herpesvirus 1 (suhv-1), porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) and porcine parvovirus 1 (ppv1) are widely diffused in the wild boar population. unfortunately, little is known about their pathogenetic mechanisms and impact on the reproductive parameters of wild animals. this study aims to investigate the p ...202133504030
genetic analysis of porcine parvoviruses detected in south korean wild boars.porcine parvovirus 1 (ppv1) is a major cause of reproductive failure in pigs. to date, six additional porcine parvoviruses (ppv2-ppv7) have been identified. in this study, we detected 11 ppv1 strains, five ppv3 strains, three ppv4 strains, six ppv5 strains, five ppv6 strains, and one ppv7 strain in korean wild boars. ppv1, -3, and -5, and ppv6 from korean wild boars harbor conserved motifs within the ca2+ binding loop and the catalytic center of the pla1 motif. intra-species recombination among ...202133999261
investigation of kluyveromyces marxianus as a novel host for large-scale production of porcine parvovirus virus-like particles.porcine parvovirus (ppv) is a parvovirinae virus that can cause embryonic and fetal loss and death and mummification in affected fetal pigs. unlike conventional vaccines, virus-like particles (vlps) inherit the natural structure of their authentic virions and highly immunostimulatory that can induce strong humoral immune and t cell responses with no risk of pathogenicity. the production of ppv vlps is still a challenge based on traditional expression platforms due to their low yields and high cu ...202133494762
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