Publications

plum pox in north america: identification of aphid vectors and a potential role for fruit in virus spread.	abstract thirteen aphid species were tested for their ability to transmit pennsylvania isolates of plum pox virus (ppv) collected in columbia (penn-3), franklin (penn-4), and york (penn-7) counties, pa. four species, aphis fabae, a. spiraecola, brachycaudus persicae, and myzus persicae, consistently transmitted ppv in preliminary transmission tests. two species, metopolophium dirhodum and rhopalosiphum padi, were occasional inefficient vectors. toxoptera citricida, from florida, also was an effe ...	2004	18943108
spatial pattern analysis of sharka disease (plum pox virus strain m) in peach orchards of southern france.	abstract the spatial pattern of sharka disease, caused by plum pox virus (ppv) strain m, was investigated in 18 peach plots located in two areas of southern france. ppv infections were monitored visually for each individual tree during one to three consecutive years. point pattern and correlation-type approaches were undertaken using the binary data directly or after parsing them in contiguous quadrats of 4, 9, and 16 trees. ordinary runs generally revealed a low but variable proportion of rows ...	2003	18943618
effects of ultraviolet radiation on marine virus-phytoplankton interactions.	abstract ambient ultraviolet radiation (uvr) is harmful to many biological systems and increased uvr, due to a reduced ozone layer, may have many unforeseen consequences. viruses are the most abundant biological particles in the sea and are thought to play an important role in the structure and functioning of aquatic ecosystems. although an increasing number of studies have been published during the last 15 years, aquatic viral ecology is still in its infancy and little is known about the effect ...	2003	19719609
fluorescent labelling reveals spatial separation of potyvirus populations in mixed infected nicotiana benthamiana plants.	the distribution of potyviruses in mixed infected nicotiana benthamiana plants was investigated by using green and red fluorescent proteins (gfp, dsred). full-length cdna clones of plum pox virus (ppv-nat-agfps; ppv-nat-red), tobacco vein mottling virus (tvmv-gfp; tvmv-red) and clover yellow vein virus (clyvv-gfp) expressing fluorescent proteins, referred to here as labelled viruses, were used to characterize the distribution of different potyviral populations (e.g. tvmv-gfp/ppv-nat-red), as wel ...	2003	13679622
suppressor activity of potyviral and cucumoviral infections in potyvirus-induced transgene silencing.	the process known as 'recovery' by which virus-infected plants become resistant to the infection is an interesting phenomenon where both rna silencing and virus resistance fully converge. in a previous study, we showed that transgenic nicotiana benthamiana nibv3 plants, transformed with a mutated nib coding sequence from plum pox virus (ppv), showed a delayed, very specific, resistance phenotype, which was induced by the initial infection. this recovery was the consequence of the activation of a ...	2003	13679623
detection of porcine teschoviruses and enteroviruses by lightcycler real-time pcr.	porcine picornaviruses comprising at least 23 serotypes grouped into six species were described as causative agents of neurological disorders, reproductive failure, and aphthae-like dermal lesions of swine. other viruses such as classical swine fever virus (csfv), african swine fever virus, pseudorabies virus (prv), vesicular stomatitis virus, vesicular exanthema virus, porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus, and porcine parvovirus (ppv) may cause diseases with similar clinical symp ...	2003	14500127
association of porcine circovirus 2 with porcine respiratory disease complex.	a retrospective study was performed on natural cases of porcine respiratory disease complex (prdc) to determine the association and prevalence of prdc with porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) and other co-existing pathogens in korea. histologically, alveolar septa were markedly thickened by infiltrates of mononuclear cells. moderate to marked multifocal peribronchial and peribronchiolar fibrosis were present and often extended into the airway lamina propria. among the 105 pigs with prdc, 85 were positiv ...	2003	14550736
risk factors for porcine post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) in 149 french farrow-to-finish herds.	a cross-sectional study involving 149 farms was carried out in france in 2000 and 2001 to assess the risk factors for post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). the farms were divided into three groups according to their current or past pmws status: cases (current and typical pmws), controls#1 (pmws-free farms), and controls#2 (farms which have recovered from pmws). two different comparisons were tested: cases versus controls#1 and cases versus controls#2. in the first comparison, the o ...	2003	14554144
the complete nucleotide sequence of plum pox virus isolates from sweet (ppv-swc) and sour (ppv-soc) cherry and their taxonomic relationships within the species.	plum pox virus (ppv) sweet (swc) and sour (soc) cherry isolates were the first ppv isolates to be recovered from natural infection in sweet and sour cherry plants, respectively. their complete nucleotide sequences have been determined finding a deduced genome organisation typical for ppv species. both genomes are 9795 nucleotides long, excluding the 3' terminal poly(a) tail, and contain an open reading frame of 9432 nt, encoding a polyprotein of 3143 amino acids. the nucleotide and predicted ami ...	2003	14579174
do std clinics correctly diagnose stds? an assessment of std management in hefei, china.	the main purposes of the study were to assess the accuracy of laboratory testing and the diagnosis by physicians in sexually transmitted disease (std) clinics in hefei, china. among 347 men complaining of urethral discharge or dysuria, 240 tested positive at the national centre for either neisseria gonorrhoeae or chlamydia trachomatis, 310 tested positive according to the clinic laboratories, and 347 were diagnosed by the physicians. for chlamydia, the sensitivity and positive predictive value ( ...	2003	14596769
virus concentration using polyethyleneimine-conjugated magnetic beads for improving the sensitivity of nucleic acid amplification tests.	to enhance the sensitivity of virus detection by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and reverse-transcriptional (rt)-pcr, we developed a novel virus concentration method using polyethyleneimine (pei)-conjugated magnetic beads. pei-magnetic beads adsorbed efficiently the enveloped viruses sindbis virus and herpes simplex 1 virus, and the nonenveloped virus sv-40, but not the nonenveloped viruses porcine parvovirus (ppv) or poliovirus, based on the pcr detection data. furthermore, the infectivity in ...	2003	14599674
ginseng extract in aluminium hydroxide adjuvanted vaccines improves the antibody response of pigs to porcine parvovirus and erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae.	ginseng, the dry extract prepared from the panax ginseng c.a. mayer-root contain immunomodulators named ginsenosides, which in the pig enhance the antibody response to viral and bacterial antigens. the enhancing effect of ginseng was demonstrated vaccinating pigs against porcine parvovirus (ppv) and erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae infections, using commercially available vaccines. the potency of the licensed, aluminium hydroxide adjuvanted; vaccines were compared with those supplemented with ginsen ...	2003	12507846
pathogenesis of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome reproduced by co-infection with korean isolates of porcine circovirus 2 and porcine parvovirus.	thirty-two colostrum-deprived conventional pigs aged 28 days were co-infected with korean isolates of porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) and porcine parvovirus (ppv) and observed for up to 35 days post-inoculation (dpi). histopathologically, granulomatous inflammation, with or without intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies, was present in lymphoid tissues (e.g., lymph nodes, thymus, spleen and tonsil) from 20 dpi, being most severe at 24 dpi. pcv2 and ppv dna were detected in the lymph nodes from 3 to 35 dp ...	2003	12531687
generation and characterisation of functional recombinant antibody fragments against rna replicase nib from plum pox virus.	a monoclonal antibody (mab 2a) able to react against the rna replicase nib from plum pox virus (ppv) was obtained and used for generating a specific scfv fragment. the vh and vl coding sequences were cloned and expressed as a fusion scfv protein to alkaline phosphatase. this fusion protein was able to recognise viral nib in both western and tissue-print elisa blots. the affinity and specificity of scfv2a for nib was similar to that of the parental mab and the region yleafy from ppv-nib was ident ...	2003	12535657
inactivation of viral and prion pathogens by gamma-irradiation under conditions that maintain the integrity of human albumin.	the administration of therapeutic plasma protein concentrates has been associated with the real risk of transmitting viral diseases and the theoretical risks of prion transmission. our objective was to determine if gamma-irradiation can inactivate viral or prion infectivity without damaging a protein biotherapeutically.	2003	12542732
ginseng and aluminium hydroxide act synergistically as vaccine adjuvants.	the dry extract prepared from the panax ginseng c.a. meyer-root (total ginseng (t-ginseng)) contain ginsenosides (g-des) which were shown to have adjuvant properties as demonstrated by: (a) injecting guinea pigs with a mixture of t-ginseng and inactivated porcine parvovirus (ppv) as a conventional vaccine; (b)injecting ppv-antigen and t-ginseng simultaneously but separately at different sites on the animal and (c)injecting only the t-ginseng 1 or 2 weeks prior to immunisation with the ppv-antige ...	2003	12559792
a comparison of the lymphocyte subpopulations of pigs experimentally infected with porcine circovirus 2 and/or parvovirus.		2003	12672380
comparison of the denka-seiken influ a.b-quick and bd directigen flu a+b kits with direct fluorescent-antibody staining and shell vial culture methods for rapid detection of influenza viruses.	the influ a.b-quick and directigen flu a+b enzyme immunoassays were compared with direct immunofluorescence and cell culture for detection of influenza a and b viruses in a total of 255 patient specimens. both assays identified 23 of 42 influenza a viruses (sensitivity, 54.8%; specificity, 100%; positive predictive value [ppv], 100%; negative predictive value [npv], 91.8%). the influ a.b-quick assay identified 10 of 16 influenza b viruses (sensitivity, 62.5%; specificity, 99.6%; ppv, 90.9%; npv, ...	2003	12734274
comparative serologic and virologic study of commercial swine herds with and without postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome.	a comparative serologic and virologic study was performed in pigs from 5 herds with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) and 2 herds without pmws in quebec. in each herd, 60 blood samples were collected at 4-wk intervals from pigs from 3 to 23 wk of age. the serum was evaluated for the presence of antibodies to porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), as well as for the presence of nucleic acid of pcv2, prrsv, an porcine parvo ...	2003	12760476
multiplex nested pcr compared with in situ hybridization for the differentiation of porcine circoviruses and porcine parvovirus from pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome.	multiplex nested polymerase chain reactions (pcrs) were developed for the simultaneous detection and differentiation of genomic material of porcine circovirus 1 (pcv1), porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2), and porcine parvovirus (ppv) in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. multiplex conventional and nested pcr and in situ hybridization were compared for their ability to detect the 3 viruses in such tissues. xylene deparaffinization followed by proteinase k digestion yielded dna of sufficient qual ...	2003	12760479
genetic variability of porcine parvovirus isolates revealed by analysis of partial sequences of the structural coding gene vp2.	the 3'-terminal 853 nt (and the putative 283 aa) sequence of the vp2-encoding gene from 29 field strains of porcine parvovirus (ppv) were determined and compared both to each other and with other published sequences. sequences were examined using maximum-parsimony and statistical analyses for nucleotide diversity and sequence variability. among the nucleotide sequences of the ppv field strains, 26 polymorphic sites were encountered; 22 polymorphic sites were detected in the putative amino acid s ...	2003	12771420
the major envelope protein, gp5, of a european porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus contains a neutralization epitope in its n-terminal ectodomain.	a set of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mabs) directed against the gp(5) protein of european type porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) has been produced previously (weiland et al., 1999). this set reacted with a plaque-purified virus (ppv) subpopulation of dutch isolate intervet-10 (i-10), but not with the european prototype prrsv lv. in order to map the neutralization epitope in the gp(5) protein of the ppv strain, the orf5 nucleotide sequence of ppv was determined. ...	2003	12771423
inclusion of hpv testing in routine cervical cancer screening for women above 29 years in germany: results for 8466 patients.	in a prospective cohort study 8466 women attending routine cervical cancer screening were recruited. colposcopy was performed on women with any degree of atypia on cytology and/or a positive high-risk human papillomavirus (hpv)-dna test (hc2; hybrid capture 2((c))), and for a randomly selected sample of 3.4% women with negative findings on both. quality control included reviews of cytology, histology, colposcopy images and retesting of samples with polymerase chain reaction. test diagnostic perf ...	2003	12771924
serum aminotransferase levels and platelet count as predictive factor of fibrosis and cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis c infection.	to assess the ratio of aminotransferases in combination with platelets count as a predictive factor for stages of fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis c virus infection.	2003	12779023
design and function of a conformationally restricted analog of the influenza virus fusion peptide.	a conformationally restricted analog of the n-terminal 12-residue peptide segment of the ha2 subunit of the ppv/34, pr/8/34, and jap/57 strains of influenza virus hemagglutinin was synthesized containing three residues of calpha-methyl-valine. this peptide has a higher content of helical structure in the presence of 50% trifluoroethanol or when interacting with liposomes of egg phosphatidylcholine compared with the conformationally more flexible control peptide with the native sequence. the cont ...	2003	12787447
establishment of a porcine parvovirus (ppv) dna standard and evaluation of a new lightcycler nested-pcr assay for detection of ppv.	porcine parvovirus (ppv) is a major causative agent in a syndrome of reproductive failure in swine. in validation (viral clearance) studies, ppv is a model of non-enveloped viruses and is widely used instead of human parvovirus b19, which causes a variety of illnesses including erythema infectiosum (fifth disease) in children and hydrops fetalis in pregnant women. to improve the sensitivity of current pcr-based assays for detection of ppv and to standardize the quantification of ppv, we have dev ...	2003	12821192
clinical relevance of total hcv core antigen testing for hepatitis c monitoring and for predicting patients' response to therapy.	to study the correlation between total hepatitis c virus (hcv) core antigen (ag) and hcv-rna, and to assess the proficiency of hcv core ag testing in monitoring and predicting virologic response during and after pegylated interferon (peg-ifn) and ribavirin combination therapy. a total of 307 samples from treated and untreated patients were used to assess the correlation between the total hcv core ag test and quantitative hcv-rna assays (superquant, and quantiplex branched dna 2.0 assay). twenty- ...	2003	12823600
expression of self-complementary hairpin rna under the control of the rolc promoter confers systemic disease resistance to plum pox virus without preventing local infection.	homology-dependent selective degradation of rna, or post-transcriptional gene silencing (ptgs), is involved in several biological phenomena, including adaptative defense mechanisms against plant viruses. small interfering rnas mediate the selective degradation of target rna by guiding a multicomponent rnase. expression of self-complementary hairpin rnas within two complementary regions separated by an intron elicits ptgs with high efficiency. plum pox virus (ppv) is the etiological agent of shar ...	2003	12823862
effect of temperature on plum pox virus infection.	one of the key factors of progress of an epidemic is the duration of virus availability for a vector in plants, which could be influenced by temperature. using five epidemiologically different isolates of plum pox virus (ppv) we studied the effect of temperature on the virus infectivity, intensity of disease symptoms and virus accumulation in nicotiana benthamiana plants as determined by a double-antibody sandwich-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (das-elisa). no differences in infectivity and i ...	2003	12828345
an apricot (prunus armeniaca l.) f2 progeny linkage map based on ssr and aflp markers, mapping plum pox virus resistance and self-incompatibility traits.	a genetic linkage map of apricot ( prunus armeniaca l.) was constructed using aflp and ssr markers. the map is based on an f(2) population (76 individuals) derived from self-pollination of an f(1) individual ('lito') originated from a cross between 'stark early orange' and 'tyrinthos'. this family, designated as 'lito' x 'lito', segregated for two important agronomical traits: plum pox virus resistance (ppv) and self-incompatibility. a total of 211 markers (180 aflps, 29 ssrs and two agronomic t ...	2003	12845439
simultaneous detection and differentiation between porcine circovirus and porcine parvovirus in boar semen by multiplex seminested polymerase chain reaction.	a multiplex seminested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was developed for the simultaneous detection and differentiation among porcine circovirus 1 (pcv1), pcv2, and porcine parvovirus (ppv) from boar semen. primers of pcv1, pcv2 and ppv were specific and did not react with other viruses respectively. twenty (20.4%) and 42 (42.9%) out of 98 whole semen samples were found to be positive for pcv and ppv using multiplex conventional and seminested pcr, respectively. when the separated fractions of p ...	2003	12867738
elimination of ppv and pnrsv through thermotherapy and meristem-tip culture in nectarine.	the plum pox virus (ppv) and prunus necrotic ringspot virus (pnrsv) cause serious disease problems in stone-fruit trees. in this work, the possibility of obtaining plant material free from these viruses through thermotherapy and meristem-tip culture from infected nectarine shoots (prunus persica var. nectarina max, cv. 'arm king') was studied. in addition, the detection of these viruses in in vitro cultures and young acclimatized plantlets with double antibody sandwich-enzyme-linked immunosorben ...	2003	12898177
[serum antibodies detection for serological diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome].	to evaluate the significance of serum specific antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) virus in the diagnosis of sars and the concordance of ifa and elisa in the antibodies measurements.	2003	12899765
is hsv serology useful for the management of first episode genital herpes?	first episode genital herpes simplex virus (hsv) infections can be classified into three groups, primary genital herpes (no previous exposure to hsv), non-primary first episode (igg antibody to hsv of the non-presenting type), and first episode with pre-existing igg hsv antibodies. the use of igm to classify first episode genital herpes has not been evaluated.	2003	12902573
virus concentration using sulfonated magnetic beads to improve sensitivity in nucleic acid amplification tests.	to enhance the sensitivity of virus detection by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and reverse-transcriptional (rt)-pcr, we developed a novel virus-concentration method using sulfonated (so-) magnetic beads in the presence of divalent cations. in the presence of either zn(2+) or cu(2+) ions, we showed that so-magnetic beads were able to concentrate non-enveloped model viruses, such as porcine parvovirus (ppv) and poliovirus, which were not concentrated by polyethyleneimine (pei)-magnetic beads.(1) ...	2003	12913251
in vivo, dendritic cells can cross-present virus-like particles using an endosome-to-cytosol pathway.	recombinant parvovirus-like particles (ppv-vlps) are particulate exogenous ags that induce strong ctl response in the absence of adjuvant. in the present report to decipher the mechanisms responsible for ctl activation by such exogenous ag, we analyzed ex vivo and in vitro the mechanisms of capture and processing of ppv-vlps by dendritic cells (dcs). in vivo, ppv-vlps are very efficiently captured by cd8alpha- and cd8alpha+ dcs and then localize in late endosomes of dcs. macropinocytosis and lip ...	2003	12928368
exogenous porcine viruses.	porcine organs, cells and tissues provide a viable source of transplants in humans, though there is some concern of public health risk from adaptation of swine infectious agents in humans. limited information is available on the public health risk of many exogenous swine viruses, and reliable and rapid diagnostic tests are available for only a few of these. the ability of several porcine viruses to cause transplacental fetal infection (parvoviruses, circoviruses, and arteriviruses), emergence or ...	2003	12934944
parvovirus host range, cell tropism and evolution.	the past few years have seen major advances in our understanding of the controls of evolution, host range and cell tropism of parvoviruses. notable findings have included the identification of the transferrin receptor tfr as the cell surface receptor for canine parvovirus and feline panleukopenia virus, and also the finding that specific binding to the canine tfr led to the emergence of canine parvovirus as a new pathogen in dogs. the structures of the adeno-associated virus-2 and porcine parvov ...	2003	12941411
virus-like particle production at low multiplicities of infection with the baculovirus insect cell system.	the baculovirus insect cell expression system (bevs) was used for the production of self-forming porcine parvovirus-like particles (vlps) in serum-free medium. a low multiplicity of infection (moi) strategy was used to overcome an extra virus amplification step, undesirable in industrial production, and to minimize the virus passage effect. it was confirmed that the time of infection (toi) and moi are dependent variables. higher cell densities were obtained at low mois, keeping a constant toi; h ...	2003	12966582
whole blood samples as an alternative to serum for detection of immunity to measles virus by elisa.	the aim of this study was to evaluate enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) as a testing strategy for detection of antibodies against measles virus from microquantities of blood soaked onto filter paper. we studied 165 healthy children in the age group of 1 to 2 years, attending the outpatient department of pediatrics. two sets of samples were collected from each child. one by venipuncture and the other on whatman filter paper-3 discs of 20 mm size by finger or heel prick so that each strip ...	2003	14711476
controlled gamma-irradiation mediated pathogen inactivation of human urokinase preparations with significant recovery of enzymatic activity.	human sources of urokinase have led to the contamination of in-process lots of commercially available material with human pathogens. effective pathogen inactivation of urokinase preparations can be achieved through the use of gamma-irradiation. additionally, the presence of a free radical scavenger (ascorbate) and the control of temperature have resulted in maintenance of the enzymatic activity of urokinase without a significant effect on the pathogen inactivation properties of gamma-irradiation ...	2003	14624796
peracetic acid-ethanol treatment of allogeneic avital bone tissue transplants--a reliable sterilization method.	based on the european standard en 1040, the validation guidelines of the german federal institute for drugs and medical devices and cpmp guidelines we tested the antimicrobial effectiveness of a peracetic acid-ethanol sterilization procedure (pes) in allogenic avital bone transplants.	2003	14626574
genetic linkage maps of two apricot cultivars ( prunus armeniaca l.), and mapping of ppv (sharka) resistance.	genetic linkage maps for two apricot cultivars have been constructed using aflp, rapd, rflp and ssr markers in 81 f1 individuals from the cross 'goldrich' x 'valenciano'. this family segregated for resistance to 'plum pox virus' (ppv), the most-important virus affecting prunus species. of the 160 rapd arbitrary primers screened a total of 44 were selected. sixty one polymorphic rapd markers were scored on the mapping population: 30 heterozygous in 'goldrich', 19 heterozygous in 'valenciano', seg ...	2002	12582518
immunologic features of porcine circovirus type 2 infection.	clinical expression of porcine circovirus 2 (pcv-2) infection in swine may result in two distinct high mortality disease syndromes. in north america, postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws), while still sporadic in incidence, predominates. in europe and elsewhere, both pmws and a second syndrome, porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (pdns), occur in endemic and epidemic forms. pmws but not pdns has been reproduced in piglets by inoculations with pcv-2 alone or in pcv-2-infected ...	2002	12513928
factors affecting the transfer of porcine parvovirus antibodies from sow to piglets.	the aim of the study was to investigate the effects of a number of environmental, behavioural and biological factors on passive immunization of piglets as assessed by transfer of porcine parvovirus (ppv) antibodies (ab) from the colostrum of ppv vaccinated mothers to the serum of the piglets. twenty primiparous sows were housed in pens with peat, straw and branches for nest building. half the sows were prevented from achieving feedback from a completed farrowing nest by repeated removal of the n ...	2002	12489874
molecular studies of the synergistic interactions between plum pox virus hc-pro protein and potato virus x.	helper component proteinase (hc-pro) is a multifunctional viral protein involved in vection and movement of potyvirus; suppression of host post-transcriptional gene silencing reaction; and synergism of potyvirus with other viruses, notably potexvirus. when the hc-pro of plum pox potyvirus (ppv) was transiently expressed in n. benthamiana and n. clevelandii plants via potato virus x (pvx) vector, a highly synergistic response of leaf necrosis or plant death, was observed in pvxhc-infected plants. ...	2002	12491099
the capsid protein of a plant single-stranded rna virus is modified by o-linked n-acetylglucosamine.	plum pox virus (ppv) is a member of the potyvirus genus of plant viruses. labeling with udp-[3h]galactose and galactosyltransferase indicated that the capsid protein (cp) of ppv is a glycoprotein with n-acetylglucosamine terminal residues. mass spectrometry analysis of different ppv isolates and mutants revealed o-linked n-acetylglucosamination, a modification barely studied in plant proteins, of serine and/or threonine residues near the amino end of ppv cp. cp of ppv virions is also modified by ...	2002	11606576
modified indirect porcine circovirus (pcv) type 2-based and recombinant capsid protein (orf2)-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for detection of antibodies to pcv.	postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome of swine associated with porcine circovirus (pcv) is a recently reported and economically important disease. simple and reliable diagnostic methods are needed for detecting antibodies to pcv type 2 (pcv2) for monitoring of pcv infection. here, we report the development of two modified indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas): a pcv2 elisa based on cell-culture-propagated pcv2 and an orf2 elisa based on recombinant major capsid protein. pcv2 ...	2002	11777826
host-specific involvement of the hc protein in the long-distance movement of potyviruses.	plum pox virus (ppv) is a member of the potyvirus genus that, in nature, infects trees of the prunus genus. although ppv infects systemically several species of the nicotiana genus, such as n. clevelandii and n. benthamiana, and replicates in the inoculated leaves of n. tabacum, it is unable to infect systemically the last host. the long-distance movement defect of ppv was corrected in transgenic tobacco plants expressing the 5"-terminal region of the genome of tobacco etch virus (tev), a potyvi ...	2002	11799187
the structure of porcine parvovirus: comparison with related viruses.	the structure of baculovirus-expressed porcine parvovirus (ppv) capsids was solved using x-ray crystallography and was found to be similar to the related canine parvovirus (cpv) and minute virus of mice (mvm). the ppv capsid protein has 57 % and 49 % amino acid sequence identity with cpv and mvm, respectively, but the degree of conservation of surface-exposed residues is lower than average. consequently, most of the structural differences are on the surface and are the probable cause of the know ...	2002	11827486
infectious agents identified in pigs with multifocal interstitial nephritis at slaughter.	one kidney was taken from each of 100 pigs at slaughter; 50 had gross lesions of multifocal interstitial nephritis and 50 had no gross lesions. forty-nine of the affected kidneys had lesions that were characterised by the presence of either a few randomly distributed or numerous widely disseminated pale foci, 1 to 3 mm in diameter, on the cortical surface (white-dotted kidneys). microscopically, these focal inflammatory lesions often had a distinct lymphofollicular pattern (follicular nephritis) ...	2002	11871667
porcine factor viii: current status and future developments.	high-purity porcine factor viii (pfviii) (hyate:c, ipsen, uk), with a specific activity of > 125 u mg(-1) protein, has been shown to be effective in up to 90% of bleeds in patients with fviii inhibitors. these inhibitors have been shown to have a median 15% cross-reactivity to pfviii, and even less cross-reactivity in patients with acquired haemophilia. its use is sometimes associated with a transient fall in platelet count and with transfusion reactions. furthermore, it is not virally attenuate ...	2002	11882080
process for the preparation of pathogen-inactivated rbc concentrates by using pen110 chemistry: preclinical studies.	a pathogen-inactivation process for rbc concentrates is being developed by using pen110 chemistry (inactine, v.i. technologies). the objective of this study was to characterize the quality of rbcs prepared by using the pen110 process and to measure the virucidal effect achieved against two viruses.	2002	11896326
dynamics of porcine circovirus type 2 infection in a herd of pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome.	to determine the pattern of infection for porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) in a herd of pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws).	2002	11911570
parapoxviruses: from the lesion to the viral genome.	viruses of the genus parapoxvirus from the family poxviridae cause widespread but localized diseases of small and large ruminants. the economically most important disease is contagious pustular dermatitis or contagious ecthyma among sheep and goats, often simply called orf. the parapoxviruses (ppv) can be transmitted to man leading to localized lesions that are named pseudocowpox or milkers' node as being mostly restricted to the hands and fingers. in cattle two forms of ppv manifestation are co ...	2002	11911596
exudative epidermitis and porcine circovirus-2 infection in a swedish spf-herd.	an outbreak of exudative epidermitis (ee) among piglets in a swedish spf-herd initiated a survey for indications as to the cause of disease. the herd was established by caesarean section and has been closed to all new animal material, with the exception of semen for artificial insemination (ai). the study comprised serum samples from the spf-herd over a 10-year period (n=109) and a close monitoring of animals in the herd during the period after the ee outbreak. serum samples from conventional bo ...	2002	11955778
molecular variability of the p3-6k1 genomic region among geographically and biologically distinct isolates of plum pox virus.	to evaluate molecular variability in the 5' region of the plum pox virus (ppv) genome, a fragment spanning the c-terminal part of p3, the complete 6k1 and start of the ci gene in 12 slovak and french ppv isolates was amplified in ic-rt-pcr and sequenced. computer analysis of obtained and previously published sequences showed rather substantial differences among isolates of ppv-m and d subgroups (percentage of nucleotide identity ranged from 85.65 to 87.68%). there was a relatively low percentage ...	2002	11958455
cd8alpha- cd11b+ dendritic cells present exogenous virus-like particles to cd8+ t cells and subsequently express cd8alpha and cd205 molecules.	recombinant porcine parvovirus virus-like particles (ppv-vlps) are particulate exogenous antigens that induce a strong, specific cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) response in the absence of adjuvant. in the present report, we demonstrate in vivo that dendritic cells (dcs) present ppv-vlps to cd8+ t cells after intracellular processing. ppv-vlps are captured by dcs with a high efficacy, which results in the delivery of these exogenous antigens to 50% of the whole spleen dc population. in vivo, a few h ...	2002	12021304
simultaneous detection of porcine circovirus 2 and porcine parvovirus in naturally and experimentally coinfected pigs by double in situ hybridization.	a technique for double in situ hybridization to simultaneously detect porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) and porcine parvovirus (ppv) in the same tissue section was developed and applied to lymph node and spleen from 8 pigs experimentally coinfected with pcv2 and ppv and 20 pigs with naturally occurring postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. for double labeling studies, the tissue samples were processed sequentially, first for ppv in situ hybridization using a digoxigenin-labeled probe and then fo ...	2002	12033680
how successfully do general practitioners diagnose herpetic gingivo-stomatitis clinically?	herpetic gingivo-stomatitis is a common, often painful affliction of young children. recently, aciclovir treatment has been found to be effective in hospital-referred cases, an approach limited in general practice where laboratory diagnosis is invariably impractical. this study demonstrated that 49 out of 63 clinical diagnoses of herpetic gingivo-stomatitis [ppv = 78%] made by 27 gps were subsequently validated by laboratory virus culture. this suggests that herpetic gingivo-stomatitis might be ...	2002	12051213
persistent parapoxvirus infection in cattle.	the possibility of persistent parapoxvirus (ppv) infection was investigated by serologically and genetically using cattle infected with the virus experimentally and naturally. three cattle were inoculated with the virus subcutaneously at several spots in the lips and abdominal regions. small papules developed in the inoculated regions, and antibodies to the virus developed and continued persistently. one animal, from which one ppv had been previously isolated, was also subjected to serological a ...	2002	12061631
large scale production and downstream processing of a recombinant porcine parvovirus vaccine.	porcine parvovirus (ppv) virus-like particles (vlps) constitute a potential vaccine for prevention of parvovirus-induced reproductive failure in gilts. here we report the development of a large scale (25 l) production process for ppv-vlps with baculovirus-infected insect cells. a low multiplicity of infection (moi) strategy was efficiently applied avoiding the use of an extra baculovirus expansion step. the optimal harvest time was defined at 120 h post-infection at the moi used, with the cell c ...	2002	12073130
a longitudinal study of cell-mediated immunity in pigs infected with porcine parvovirus.	porcine parvovirus (ppv) is an ubiquitous pathogen causing reproductive failure in swine. protection against reproductive failure caused by acute ppv infection has commonly been related to the presence of specific antibodies in the dam. however, the role of cell-mediated immunity during chronic ppv infection remains to be elucidated, and may be relevant to the pathogenesis of novel diseases such as postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws), which may be triggered by coinfection with ppv ...	2002	12081019
virus safety of a porcine-derived medical device: evaluation of a viral inactivation method.	the goal of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a virus-inactivating process for use during the preparation of porcine-derived extracellular matrix biomaterials for human clinical implantation. porcine small intestine, the source material for the tissue-engineered, small intestinal submucosa (sis) biomaterial, was evaluated. relevant enveloped, non-enveloped, and model viruses representative of different virus families were included in the investigation: porcine parvovirus (ppv), porcine ...	2002	12115437
endemic hepatitis c virus infection in a sicilian town: further evidence for iatrogenic transmission.	the prevalence of and risk factors for hcv and hbv infections in the general population and the predictive value of alt screening in identifying anti-hcv positive subjects have been evaluated in a small sicilian town. a random 1:4 sampling from the census of the general population was performed. anti-hcv, hcv-rna, hcv genotype, hbsag, and anti-hbc were tested. the linkage between hcv infection and potential risk factors was evaluated by multiple logistic regression analysis. among 721 subjects s ...	2002	12116024
clinical and economic implications of adding hpv tests to the routine cytology follow-up and management of patients with histologically defined cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1.	the objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical and economic implications of adding human papillomavirus (hpv) testing to the follow-up and management protocol of women with a histological diagnosis of low-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin1).	2002	12144817
insect cell culture medium supplementation with fetal bovine serum and bovine serum albumin: effects on baculovirus adsorption and infection kinetics.	the effects of insect cell culture medium supplementation with fbs were investigated. bsa was found to be the factor responsible for the increased baculovirus infection rate of fbs-supplemented cultures in a concentration-dependent form up to 25 g l(-)(1). lower rates of baculovirus binding to cells were observed with fbs- and bsa-supplemented cultures compared with infections carried out in serum-free media. virus attachment constants were found to depend on medium matrix composition. an effici ...	2002	12153321
the evidence behind inhibitor treatment with porcine factor viii.	factor viii auto- and alloantibodies neutralise porcine factor viii to a lesser extent than factor viii of human origin. the reduced reactivity of the porcine molecule, predominantly due to sequence variation in the a2 and c2 domains, has been the rationale for using porcine factor viii to secure haemostasis for patients with factor viii inhibitors. porcine factor viii has been shown to provide effective haemostatic control particularly for patients with intermediate inhibitor titres with limite ...	2002	12214138
effective use of gamma irradiation for pathogen inactivation of monoclonal antibody preparations.	gamma irradiation has been used for decades as an effective method of pathogen inactivation of relatively inert materials. until recently, its application to biologicals has resulted in unacceptable losses in functional activity. in this report we demonstrate that the damaging secondary effects of gamma irradiation can be controlled while maintaining the pathogen inactivation properties due to damage by primary effects. control is achieved by a combination of protection from free radical damage ...	2002	12217345
antibodies to selected viral and bacterial pathogens in european wild boars from southcentral spain.	serum samples from 78 european wild boars (sus scrofa) harvested during the 1999-2000 hunting season were tested for antibodies to brucella spp., classical swine fever virus, erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, haemophilus parasuis, leptospira interrogans serovar pomona, mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, pseudorabies virus (prv), porcine parvovirus (ppv), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, salmonella serogroups b, c, and d, streptococcus suis, and swine influenza virus (siv) serotypes h1n1 a ...	2002	12238391
predictive value of alt levels for histologic findings in chronic hepatitis c: a european collaborative study.	the aim of this retrospective study was to determine the predictive value of alanine aminotransferase (alt) levels for histologic findings in patients with chronic hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection. data on 864 hcv rna-positive patients were collected. alt values were obtained at the time of biopsy (before treatment), and normal alt values were defined as normal values obtained at serial evaluations during a 6-month period. histologic results were scored using the metavir system. among all patie ...	2002	12297846
incorporation of an additional viral-clearance step into a human immunoglobulin manufacturing process.	regulatory agencies have mandated that manufacturers of immunoglobulin products incorporate robust viral inactivation or removal steps into their purification processes. we evaluated the effectiveness of incorporating nanofiltration, a generic virus-clearance step, into an existing plasma-fractionation process for a human anti-d immunoglobulin product.	2002	12366764
the etiology and management of genital ulcers in the dominican republic and peru.	clinical diagnosis of genital ulcers is difficult, and diagnostic tests are least available in settings where rates of disease are highest. the world health organization (who) has developed protocols for the syndromic management of genital ulcers in resource-poor settings. however, because risk factors, patterns and causes of disease, and antimicrobial susceptibilities differ from region to region and over time, they must be adapted to local situations.	2002	12370522
inactivation of parvovirus b19 during pasteurization of human serum albumin.	it has been shown that hsa may be contaminated with parvovirus b19 (b19) dna. however, the presence of b19 dna does not necessarily indicate infectious virus. hsa is pasteurized at 60 degrees c for 10 hours and it remains unclear whether this procedure inactivates b19. studies with animal parvoviruses indicate considerable heat resistance at 60 degrees c. however, due to the lack of a suitable cell culture system, the pasteurization process has not been investigated in the past.	2002	12385412
integrated process optimization: lessons from retrovirus and virus-like particle production.	the optimization of production and purification processes is usually approached by engineers from a strictly biotechnological point of view. the present paper envisages the definition and application of an optimization model that takes into account the impact of both biological and technological issues upon the optimization protocols and strategies. for this purpose, the optimization of three analogous but different systems comprising animal cell growth and bioparticle production is presented. t ...	2002	12385709
the production of a genus-specific recombinant antibody (scfv) using a recombinant potyvirus protease.	a single chain variable fragment antibody (scfv; anti-nia scfv102) was selected from a synthetic human antibody library by using a nia protease of plum pox virus (ppv) as an antigen, which was expressed in bacteria. the nia protease forms the nuclear inclusion body a and acts as the major protease in the cleavage of the viral polyprotein into functional proteins. the nia protein was detected with anti-nia scfv102 after expression in escherichia coli cells as well as from ppv-infected nicotiana b ...	2002	12393153
viral pharmacovigilance study of haemophiliacs receiving porcine factor viii.	porcine factor viii (fviii; hyate:c; speywood biopharm ltd, uk) has been used since 1980 for the treatment both of patients with acquired haemophilia and those with congenital haemophilia and inhibitory antibodies. each batch is extensively screened using cell-culture techniques to confirm the absence of viruses. the production process does not incorporate specific virucidal treatment steps, such as heat treatment or the addition of a solvent/detergent mixture. low levels of porcine parvovirus w ...	2002	12410650
case-control study on the association of porcine circovirus type 2 and other swine viral pathogens with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome.	a field-based case-control study was conducted to assess the strength of association of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) and some major swine viruses with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). cases were defined as individual pigs with a clinical history of progressive weight loss and histopathological lesions characteristic of pmws. controls were pigs without clinical signs and histopathological lesions typical of pmws. a total of 31 cases and 56 controls was identified from diagno ...	2002	12423025
usefulness of dna ploidy measurement on liquid-based smears showing conflicting results between cytology and high-risk human papillomavirus typing.	to improve the positive predictive value (ppv) for high-risk human papillomavirus (hr-hpv) in primary screening, dna ploidy was measured on the same liquid-based sample by image cytometry in 984 cases showing discrepancies between cytology and hr-hpv testing. of the conflicting results, 14.5% corresponded to a cytologic lesion (from atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance to high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion [hsil]) without hpv detected, and 85.5% of smears were within norm ...	2002	12428790
pathogen inactivation of blood components: current status and introduction of an approach using riboflavin as a photosensitizer.	riboflavin is a naturally occurring compound and an essential human nutrient. studies in the 1960s and 70s showed that it could be effective, when exposed to visible or uv light, in inactivating viruses and bacteria. this suggested to us that it could act as a photosensitizer useful in the inactivation of pathogens found in blood products, because of its nucleic acid specificity and its limited tendency toward indiscriminate oxidation. the riboflavin molecule is a planar, conjugated ring structu ...	2002	12430933
broad-spectrum virus reduction in red cell concentrates using inactine pen110 chemistry.	the risk of transmission of blood-borne pathogens by transfusion is a persistent problem in medicine. to address this safety issue, inactine pen110 chemistry is being utilized to develop a process for preparing pathogen-reduced red blood cell concentrates (rbcc). the purpose of this study was to characterize the virucidal effectiveness of the inactine pen110 chemistry in full units of rbcc by using a panel of viruses with diverse properties in composition, size and shape.	2002	12437518
identification of immunogenic hot spots within plum pox potyvirus capsid protein for efficient antigen presentation.	pepscan analysis has been used to characterize the immunogenic regions of the capsid protein (cp) in virions of plum pox potyvirus (ppv). in addition to the well-known highly immunogenic n- and c-terminal domains of cp, regions within the core domain of the protein have also shown high immunogenicity. moreover, the n terminus of cp is not homogeneously immunogenic, alternatively showing regions frequently recognized by antibodies and others that are not recognized at all. these results have help ...	2002	12438590
prevalence of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, porcine circovirus type 2 and porcine parvovirus from aborted fetuses and pigs with respiratory problems in korea.	porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(prrsv)0, porcine circovirus type 2(pcv-2) and porcine parvovirus (ppv)0 infections were investigated as possible causes of the postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome(pmws). specific primers for rt-pcr and pcr were designed for the differential detection of prrsv, pcv-2 and ppv. using pcr, these viruses were detected in homogenized tissue samples from pigs that had respiratory of reproductive problems in the time period between 1998 and 2000 ...	2001	12441689
incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis and hiv coinfection in the province of seville, spain, 1998.	using the national notifiable disease surveillance system (nndss) and minimum basic data set (mbds) for hospital discharges we evaluated pulmonary tuberculosis (ptb) surveillance and estimated real ptb incidence and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) coinfection in seville in 1998. in addition, we assessed the sensitivity and the positive predictive value (ppv) of the surveillance system. real incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis was estimated by the capture-recapture method. in 1998, the provinc ...	2001	12086091
integrated rt-pcr/nested pcr diagnosis for differentiating between subgroups of plum pox virus.	an rt-pcr/nested pcr technique was developed for the simultaneous detection and typing of plum pox virus (ppv) and its major types--dideron (d), marcus (m), el-amar (ea) and cherry (c). degenerated oligonucleotides were synthesized for the general detection of ppv, flanking the coding sequence for the n-terminal portion of the coat protein (cp), within which strain-specific differences were identified. on the basis of these characteristic differences, degenerated primer pairs were designed to di ...	2001	11226563
response of antioxidative enzymes to plum pox virus in two apricot cultivars.	recent evidence has indicated that activated oxygen species (aos) may function as molecular signals in the induction of defence genes. in the present work, the response of antioxidative enzymes to the plum pox virus (ppv) was examined in two apricot (prunus armeniaca l.) cultivars, which behaved differently against ppv infection. in the inoculated resistant cultivar (goldrich), a decrease in catalase (cat) as well as an increase in total superoxide dismutase (sod) and dehydroascorbate reductase ...	2001	11240915
pathogenicity determinants in the complex virus population of a plum pox virus isolate.	several subisolates were separated from a single plum pox virus (ppv) isolate, ppv-ps. in spite of an extremely high sequence conservation (more than 99.9% similarity), different subisolates differed largely in pathogenicity in herbaceous hosts and infectivity in woody plants. the severity of symptomatology did not seem to correlate with virus accumulation. sequence analysis and site-directed mutagenesis demonstrated that single amino acid changes in the helper component (hc) protein caused a dr ...	2001	11277425
pilot study of expedited hiv-1 testing of women in labor at an inner-city hospital in new york city.	to evaluate the feasibility of offering voluntary counseling and expedited human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) testing to women in labor, and to assess the characteristics of two rapid hiv assays compared with results from an expedited standard enzyme immunoassay (eia), with western blot confirmation, as indicated, we undertook a pilot study immediately prior to enactment of new york state regulations (august 1999) requiring expedited testing of laboring women (or newborns) with undocumented hiv ...	2001	11321245
a viral phospholipase a2 is required for parvovirus infectivity.	sequence analysis revealed phospholipase a2 (pla2) motifs in capsid proteins of parvoviruses. although pla2 activity is not known to exist in viruses, putative pla2s from divergent parvoviruses, human b19, porcine parvovirus, and insect gmdnv (densovirus from galleria mellonella), can emulate catalytic properties of secreted pla2. mutations of critical amino acids strongly reduce both pla2 activity and, proportionally, viral infectivity, but cell surface attachment, entry, and endocytosis by pla ...	2001	11702787
protection of rabbits against rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus by immunization with the vp60 protein expressed in plants with a potyvirus-based vector.	a new plum pox potyvirus (ppv)-based vector has been constructed for the expression of full-length individual foreign proteins. the foreign sequences are cloned between the nib replicase and capsid protein (cp) cistrons. the heterologous protein is split from the rest of the potyviral polyprotein by cleavage at the site that originally separated the nib and cp proteins and at an additional nia protease recognition site engineered at its amino-terminal end. this vector (ppv-nk) has been used to c ...	2001	11162842
identification of an n-terminal domain of the plum pox potyvirus ci rna helicase involved in self-interaction in a yeast two-hybrid system.	potyvirus ci rna helicase is a protein involved in rna genome replication and virus movement. the protein aggregates in the cytoplasm of infected cells to form typical cylindrical inclusions. a yeast two-hybrid system was used to analyse interactions of the ci rna helicase from plum pox potyvirus (ppv) with itself and with other viral proteins. no interactions could be detected of full-length ci protein with itself or with ppv p3/6k1, nia, nib or cp proteins. however, positive self-interactions ...	2001	11172111
budding of fowlpox and pigeonpox viruses at the surface of infected cells.	chick embryo fibroblasts and chorioallantoic membranes infected with fowlpox virus (fwpv) or pigeonpox virus (ppv) were examined by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. immature virus particles were observed in finely granular areas, i.e. virus factories, of the cytoplasm. these particles had various forms depending on their stages of development. many tubular structures were also seen in these regions. mature virus particles with ellipsoidal or brick-shaped forms enclosing electron-de ...	2001	11347712
post-transcriptional gene silencing in plum pox virus resistant transgenic european plum containing the plum pox potyvirus coat protein gene.	transgenic plums containing the plum pox potyvirus coat protein (ppv-cp) gene were inoculated with ppv. infection was monitored by evaluating symptoms, elisa, and ic-rt-pcr. transgenic clone c5 was highly resistant to ppv during four years of testing and displayed characteristics typical of post-transcriptional gene silencing (ptgs), including a high level of transgene transcription in the nucleus, low levels of transgene mrna in the cytoplasm, a complex multicopy transgene insertion with aberra ...	2001	11437277
clinical diagnosis of influenza virus infection: evaluation of diagnostic tools in general practice.	with the development of new antiviral agents for influenza, the urge for rapid and reliable diagnosis of influenza becomes increasingly important. respiratory virus infections are difficult to distinguish on clinical grounds. general practitioners (gps) however, still depend on their clinical judgement.	2001	11510391
virological response to interferon therapy of chronic hepatitis b as measured by a highly sensitive assay.	in the interferon (ifn) treatment of chronic hepatitis b, there is no accepted definition of virological response as measured by highly sensitive hbv dna assays. in the present study of 98 patients given ifn (10 mu/day for 1 week, then 10 mu tiw for 11 weeks) with or without prednisolone priming, a virological response was identified as log hbv dna/ml below 6.0 (by amplicor monitor, roche) 6 months post-treatment. at this time, 92% (33/36) of the sustained responders (sr) still had detectable vi ...	2001	11555192
simultaneous detection of porcine circovirus type 2 and porcine parvovirus in pigs with pmws by multiplex pcr.		2001	11570792
experimental reproduction of severe disease in cd/cd pigs concurrently infected with type 2 porcine circovirus and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus.	three-week-old cesarean-derived colostrum-deprived (cd/cd) pigs were inoculated with porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2, n = 19), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv, n = 13), concurrent pcv2 and prrsv (pcv2/prrsv, n = 17), or a sham inoculum (n = 12) to compare the independent and combined effects of these agents. necropsies were performed at 7, 10, 14, 21, 35, and 49 days postinoculation (dpi) or when pigs became moribund. by 10 dpi, pcv2/prrsv-inoculated pigs had severe dy ...	2001	11572560
clinical and pathological observations on pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome.	the aim of this work was to characterise the lesions and agents present in clinically normal and clinically affected pigs on a farm during an outbreak of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws), and to evaluate the diagnostic techniques for detecting porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2) and other microorganisms. four pigs in the early stage and 11 pigs in the late stage of the disease, and eight clinically normal pigs were necropsied. samples of lymphoid tissue and serum were also obtaine ...	2001	11594382
comparison of the efficacy of virus inactivation methods in allogeneic avital bone tissue transplants.	several procedures for inactivating viruses are used presently in the context of bone tissue transplants. common methods used are gamma irradiation (25 kgy), treatment with moist heat (82.5 degrees c/15 min., lobator-sd2-system) as well as chemical sterilisation using peracetic acid-ethanol treatment (pes, 2% peracetic acid, 96% ethanol, aqua [2:1:1], 200 mbar, agitation, 4 hours). based on national and international guidelines, we tested the antivirucidal effectiveness of these methods in human ...	2001	15256903
identification of plum pox virus determinants implicated in specific interactions with different prunus spp.	abstract the characterization of pathogenic properties of two infectious clones of plum pox virus (ppv) isolates, pgppv (d group) and pgppvps (m group), was investigated in their woody hosts (seedlings of prunus spp.). the two clones differed in their ability to infect plum and peach cultivars, from no infection to local and systemic infection. the phenotype determinants were located with a set of chimeric viruses from the two clones. in plum, determinants of systemic infection were located in a ...	2001	18944389