| processing of preproricin in transgenic tobacco. | the plant protein toxin ricin has found widespread application as a potential therapeutic agent for many human diseases and in disease-model systems such as those involving apoptosis. genetic engineering and expression of the complete two-polypeptide chain toxin have only been possible in plants, specifically in transgenic tobacco carrying the preproricin gene under the control the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter. production of modified ricin for altered controllable activity and/or fusion ... | 1999 | 10049674 |
| type ii fish antifreeze protein accumulation in transgenic tobacco does not confer frost resistance. | type ii fish antifreeze protein (afp) is active in both freezing point depression and the inhibition of ice recrystallization. this extensively disulfide-bonded 14 kda protein was targeted for accumulation in its pro- and mature forms in the cytosol and apoplast of transgenic tobacco plants. type ii afp gene constructs under control of a duplicate cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter, both with and without a native plant transit peptide sequence, were introduced into tobacco by agrobacterium tu ... | 1999 | 10481310 |
| a heterologous expression system for bovine lens transmembrane main intrinsic protein (mip) in nicotiana tabacum plants. | we have developed a heterologous expression system for transmembrane lens main intrinsic protein (mip) in nicotiana tabacum plant tissue. a native bovine mip26 amplicon was subcloned into an expression cassette under the control of a constitutive cauliflower mosaic virus promoter, also containing a neomycin phosphotransferase operon. this cassette was transformed into agrobacterium tumefaciens by triparental mating and used to infect plant tissue grown in culture. recombinant plants were selecte ... | 1999 | 10562647 |
| isolation and characterization of the e2f-like gene in plants. | the transcription factor e2f regulates the expression of genes involved in the progression of g1/s transition and dna replication in mammalian cells. we cloned and characterized a cdna (nte2f) corresponding to a e2f homolog of tobacco (nicotiana tabacum). the transcription of nte2f was induced as cells progressed from g1 to the s phase and expressed much earlier than that of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (pcna) gene. we demonstrated that nte2f can interact with the tobacco retinoblastom ... | 1999 | 10571072 |
| aphid transmission of cauliflower mosaic virus requires the viral piii protein. | the open reading frame (orf) iii product (piii) of cauliflower mosaic virus is necessary for the infection cycle but its role is poorly understood. we have used in vitro protein binding ('far western') assays to demonstrate that piii interacts with the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) orf ii product (pii), a known aphid transmission factor. aphid transmission of purified virions of the pii-defective strain cm4-184 was dependent upon added pii, but complementation was efficient only in the presenc ... | 1999 | 10601029 |
| genetically modified organisms in food-screening and specific detection by polymerase chain reaction. | pcr methods for the detection of genetically modified organisms (gmos) were developed that can be used for screening purposes and for specific detection of glyphosate-tolerant soybean and insect-resistant maize in food. primers were designed to amplify parts of the 35s promoter derived from cauliflower mosaic virus, the nos terminator derived from agrobacterium tumefaciens and the antibiotic marker gene nptii (neomycin-phosphotransferase ii), to allow for general screening of foods. pcr/hybridiz ... | 1999 | 10606569 |
| the cauliflower mosaic virus translational transactivator interacts with the 60s ribosomal subunit protein l18 of arabidopsis thaliana. | the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) open reading frame vi product (p6) is involved in several aspects of the infectious cycle. p6 specifically controls the synthesis of other camv proteins by transactivating their expression from the polycistronic 35s rna. by far-western assays, we have demonstrated that p6 interacts with proteins from both healthy and camv-infected leaves of arabidopsis thaliana. these proteins are found in ribosome-enriched extracts, suggesting that they participate in the tra ... | 2000 | 10612654 |
| overexpression of plastidic protoporphyrinogen ix oxidase leads to resistance to the diphenyl-ether herbicide acifluorfen. | the use of herbicides to control undesirable vegetation has become a universal practice. for the broad application of herbicides the risk of damage to crop plants has to be limited. we introduced a gene into the genome of tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) plants encoding the plastid-located protoporphyrinogen oxidase of arabidopsis, the last enzyme of the common tetrapyrrole biosynthetic pathway, under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter. the transformants were screened for low pr ... | 2000 | 10631251 |
| the late developmental pattern of mu transposon excision is conferred by a cauliflower mosaic virus 35s -driven mura cdna in transgenic maize. | the mudr element responsible for mutator activities in maize encodes two genes, mudra and mudrb. each encodes multiple transcripts hypothesized to regulate, directly or indirectly, the unique late timing and switch in transposition mechanism during maize development. mudra, which encodes the mura transposase, is unstable in bacterial plasmids, a technical problem solved by using phage m13 as a vector to prepare dna for biolistic transformation. in transgenic maize, a single 2.7-kb mudra cdna pre ... | 2000 | 10634904 |
| role of the tata binding protein-transcription factor iib interaction in supporting basal and activated transcription in plant cells. | the tata binding protein (tbp) and transcription factor iib (tfiib) play crucial roles in transcription of class ii genes. the requirement for tbp-tfiib interactions was evaluated in maize cells by introducing mutations into the arabidopsis tbp (attbp2) within the c-terminal stirrup. protein binding experiments indicated that amino acid residues e-144 and e-146 of attbp2 are both essential for tfiib binding in vitro. activation domains derived from herpes simplex viral protein vp16, the drosophi ... | 2000 | 10634912 |
| expression of the pea (pisum sativum l.) alpha-tubulin gene tuba1 is correlated with cell division activity. | microtubules are thought to be major determinants of plant morphogenesis, through effects on planes of cell division and on directions of differential cell expansion. in differentiation and redifferentiation processes, tubulin expression may prove a useful early indicator of cell activity. we examined the expression and localization of the pea alpha-tubulin gene tuba1 in situ and in transgenic alfalfa (medicago sativa) to explore its use as a probe for plant development, and as a test case for c ... | 1999 | 10645720 |
| transgene expression driven by heterologous ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase small-subunit gene promoters in the vegetative tissues of apple (malus pumila mill.). | it is desirable that the expression of transgenes in genetically modified crops is restricted to the tissues requiring the encoded activity. to this end, we have studied the ability of the heterologous ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco) small-subunit (ssu) gene promoters, rbcs3cp (0.8 kbp) from tomato (hycopersion esculentum mill.) and srs1p (1.5 kbp) from soybean (glycine max [h.] mers.), to drive expression of the beta-glucuronidase (gusa) marker gene in apple (malus pum ... | 2000 | 10664129 |
| interaction of the cauliflower mosaic virus coat protein with the pregenomic rna leader. | using the yeast three-hybrid system, the interaction of the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) pregenomic 35s rna (pgrna) leader with the viral coat protein, its precursor, and a series of derivatives was studied. the purine-rich domain in the center of the pgrna leader was found to specifically interact with the coat protein. the zinc finger motif of the coat protein and the preceding basic domain were essential for this interaction. removal of the n-terminal portion of the basic domain led to los ... | 2000 | 10666236 |
| tagging potato leafroll virus with the jellyfish green fluorescent protein gene. | a full-length cdna corresponding to the rna genome of potato leafroll virus (plrv) was modified by inserting cdna that encoded the jellyfish green fluorescent protein (gfp) into the p5 gene near its 3' end. nicotiana benthamiana protoplasts electroporated with plasmid dna containing this cdna behind the 35s rna promoter of cauliflower mosaic virus became infected with the recombinant virus (plrv-gfp). up to 5% of transfected protoplasts showed gfp-specific fluorescence. progeny virus particles w ... | 2000 | 10675399 |
| expression and localization of nitrilase during symptom development of the clubroot disease in arabidopsis. | the expression of nitrilase in arabidopsis during the development of the clubroot disease caused by the obligate biotroph plasmodiophora brassicae was investigated. a time course study showed that only during the exponential growth phase of the clubs was nitrilase prominently enhanced in infected roots compared with controls. nit1 and nit2 are the nitrilase isoforms predominantly expressed in clubroot tissue, as shown by investigating promoter-beta-glucuronidase fusions of each. two peaks of bet ... | 2000 | 10677430 |
| interaction between the tobacco mosaic virus movement protein and host cell pectin methylesterases is required for viral cell-to-cell movement. | virus-encoded movement protein (mp) mediates cell-to-cell spread of tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) through plant intercellular connections, the plasmodesmata. the molecular pathway by which tmv mp interacts with the host cell is largely unknown. to understand this process better, a cell wall-associated protein that specifically binds the viral mp was purified from tobacco leaf cell walls and identified as pectin methylesterase (pme). in addition to tmv mp, pme is recognized by mps of turnip vein cle ... | 2000 | 10698933 |
| cryptic polyadenylation sites within the coding sequence of three yeast genes expressed in tobacco. | three yeast genes, mip (mitochondrial dna polymerase) and two genes, ycf1 (yeast cadmium factor 1) and pdr5 (pleiotropic drug resistance 5), conferring multidrug resistance, were provided with the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s transcription promoter and introduced into tobacco using an agrobacterium tumefaciens t-dna-derived vector. transcripts of each gene much shorter than those expected were found in the transgenic plants. rt-pcr and s1 nuclease mapping of the pdr5 and mip transcripts demonstr ... | 2000 | 10721700 |
| transgenic expression of a gene encoding a synthetic antimicrobial peptide results in inhibition of fungal growth in vitro and in planta. | transgenic tobacco plants producing the synthetic antimicrobial peptide d4e1, encoded by a gene under the control of an enhanced cauliflower mosaic virus 35s rna promoter, were obtained by agrobacterium-mediated transformation. successful transformation was demonstrated by pcr and southern hybridization analysis of tobacco dnas. expression of the synthetic d4e1 gene was shown by rt-pcr of tobacco mrna. crude protein extracts from leaf tissue of transformed plants significantly reduced the number ... | 2000 | 10729616 |
| tobacco transcription factor tga2.2 is the main component of as-1-binding factor asf-1 and is involved in salicylic acid- and auxin-inducible expression of as-1-containing target promoters. | in higher plants, activating sequence-1 (as-1) of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35 s promoter mediates both salicylic acid (sa)- and auxin-inducible transcriptional activation. originally found in promoters of several viral and bacterial plant pathogens, as-1-like elements are also functional elements of plant promoters activated in the course of a defense response upon pathogen attack. nuclear as-1-binding factor (asf-1) and cellular salicylic acid response protein (sarp) bind specifically to as ... | 2000 | 10751419 |
| ectoine, the compatible solute of halomonas elongata, confers hyperosmotic tolerance in cultured tobacco cells. | 1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid (ectoine) functions as a compatible osmolyte in the moderate halophile halomonas elongata out30018. ectoine is biosynthesized by three successive enzyme reactions from aspartic beta-semialdehyde. the genes encoding the enzymes involved in the biosynthesis, ecta, ectb, and ectc, encoding l-2,4-diaminobutyric acid acetyltransferase, l-2, 4-diaminobutyric acid transaminase, and l-ectoine synthase, respectively, have been previously cloned. to ... | 2000 | 10759521 |
| identification of a novel plant virus promoter using a potyvirus infectious clone. | a putative promoter from the strawberry vein banding caulimovirus (svbv) genome was identified by its ability to drive infection with full-length cdna of the zucchini yellow mosaic rna potyvirus (zymv). a high rate of infection was obtained with the cdna under control of the svbv promoter using particle bombardment technology. the svbv promoter shows 60% homology to the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter in the domain spanning the conserved motifs of ccact (at -83) and the tata box (at -31), ... | 2000 | 10766302 |
| ribosome shunting in the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s rna leader is a special case of reinitiation of translation functioning in plant and animal systems. | the shunt model predicts that small orfs (sorfs) within the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s rna leader and downstream orf vii are translated by different mechanisms, that is, scanning-reinitiation and shunting, respectively. wheat germ extract (wge) and rabbit reticulocyte lysate (rrl) in vitro translation systems were used to discriminate between these two processes and to study the mechanism of ribosomal shunt. in both systems, expression downstream of the leader occurred via ribosomal shu ... | 2000 | 10766738 |
| the maize streak virus coat protein transcription unit exhibits tissue-specific expression in transgenic rice. | maize streak geminivirus (msv) is a single-stranded dna virus that infects cereals and other grasses. a promoter region incorporating the msv large intergenic region and movement protein gene sequence was ligated to the gus (beta-glucuronidase) reporter gene which replaced the virus coat protein (cp) gene. the cp promoter activity was analysed in transgenic rice plants (oryza sativa l.) and was compared with that obtained in plants transformed with the gus gene downstream of the cauliflower mosa ... | 2000 | 10773336 |
| constitutive accumulation of a resveratrol-glucoside in transgenic alfalfa increases resistance to phoma medicaginis. | alfalfa (medicago sativa) was transformed with a peanut (arachis hypogaea) cdna encoding resveratrol synthase (rs) transcriptionally regulated by an enhanced cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter. transgenic plants accumulated a new compound, not present in wild-type or vector-transformed alfalfa, that was identified as trans-resveratrol-3-o-beta-d-glucopyranoside (rgluc) by high-pressure liquid chromatography (hplc), uv, 1h- and 13c-nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) analyses. rgluc concen ... | 2000 | 10796021 |
| characterization of the potato mads-box gene stmads16 and expression analysis in tobacco transgenic plants. | a new mads-box gene, stmads16, has been cloned in solanum tuberosum l. that is expressed in all vegetative tissues of the plant, mainly in the stem, but not in flower organs. stmads16 expression is established early during vegetative development and is not regulated by light. sequence similarity besides the spatial and temporal expression patterns allow to define a novel mads-box subfamily comprising stmads16 and the gene stmads11. expression of the stmads16 sense cdna under the control of the 3 ... | 2000 | 10798619 |
| ethylene formation and phenotypic analysis of transgenic tobacco plants expressing a bacterial ethylene-forming enzyme. | a bacterial ethylene-forming enzyme (efe) catalyzes oxygenation of 2-oxoglutarate to produce ethylene and carbon dioxide in contrast to a plant enzyme which uses 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid as a substrate. we constructed several lines of transgenic tobacco plants which expressed an efe from pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola pk2. the gene encoding a chimeric protein consisting of efe and beta-glucuronidase (gus) was introduced into the tobacco genome using a binary vector which dire ... | 2000 | 10805596 |
| differential regulation of plastidial and cytosolic isoforms of peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase in arabidopsis. | we report the characterization of two members of a gene family from arabidopsis that encode, respectively, cytosolic (cpmsr) and plastid-targeted (ppmsr) isoforms of the oxidative-stress-repair enzyme peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase. overexpression of these proteins in escherichia coli confirmed that each had pmsr enzyme activity with a synthetic substrate, n-acetyl-[(3)h]-methionine sulfoxide, or a biological substrate, alpha-1 proteinase inhibitor. the ppmsr was imported into intact chl ... | 2000 | 10806242 |
| cell-to-cell movement of the 25k protein of potato virus x is regulated by three other viral proteins. | the 25k, 12k, and 8k proteins and coat protein (cp) of potato virus x (pvx) are required for virus cell-to-cell movement. in this study, experiments were conducted to determine whether the pvx 25k protein moves cell to cell and to explore potential interactions between the pvx 25k, 12k, and 8k proteins and cp. the pvx 25k gene was fused to the green fluorescent protein (gfp) gene and inserted into plasmids adjacent to the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter. these plasmids were introduced by b ... | 2000 | 10830259 |
| modified lignin in tobacco and poplar plants over-expressing the arabidopsis gene encoding ferulate 5-hydroxylase. | ferulate 5-hydroxylase (f5h) is a cytochrome p450-dependent monooxygenase that catalyses the hydroxylation of ferulic acid, coniferaldehyde and coniferyl alcohol in the pathways leading to sinapic acid and syringyl lignin biosynthesis. earlier studies in arabidopsis have demonstrated that f5h over-expression increases lignin syringyl monomer content and abolishes the tissue-specificity of its deposition. to determine whether this enzyme has a similar regulatory role in plants that undergo second ... | 2000 | 10849340 |
| expression of a bacterial serine acetyltransferase in transgenic potato plants leads to increased levels of cysteine and glutathione. | the coding sequence of the wild-type, cys-sensitive, cyse gene from escherichia coli, which encodes an enzyme of the cysteine biosynthetic pathway, namely serine acetyltransferase (sat, ec 2.3.1. 30), was introduced into the genome of potato plants under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter. in order to target the protein into the chloroplast, cyse was translationally fused to the 5'-signal sequence of rbcs from arabidopsis thaliana. transgenic plants showed a high accumulati ... | 2000 | 10849350 |
| a transformation vector for the production of marker-free transgenic plants containing a single copy transgene at high frequency. | we represent here the gst-mat vector system. the r recombinase gene of the site-specific recombination system r/rs from zygosaccharomyces rouxii was fused to the chemical inducible promoter of the glutathione-s-transferase (gst-ii-27) gene from zea mays. upon excision, the isopentenyltransferase (ipt) gene that is used as a selectable marker gene is removed. when the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter (camv 35s) was used to express r recombinase, 67% of the marker-free transgenic plants had m ... | 2000 | 10849362 |
| expression of full-length bioactive antimicrobial human lactoferrin in potato plants. | a cdna fragment encoding human lactoferrin (hlf) linked to a plant microsomal retention signal peptide (sek-del) was stably integrated into the solanum tuberosum genome by agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated leaf disk transformation methods. the lactoferrin gene was expressed under control of both the auxin-inducible manopine synthase (mas) p2 promoter and the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s tandem promoter. the presence of the hlf cdna in the genome of regenerated transformed potato plants w ... | 2000 | 10853271 |
| limitations on the use of fused green fluorescent protein to investigate structure-function relationships for the cauliflower mosaic virus movement protein. | to investigate the process of tubule formation for the cauliflower mosaic virus movement protein (camv mp), the green fluorescent protein (gfp) was fused to the mp to provide a vital marker for mp location after expression in insect cells. in contrast to the long tubular structures seen previously following baculovirus-based expression of the wild-type mp, the fusion protein produced only aggregates of fluorescing material in the cytoplasm. however, by co-expressing wild-type mp and gfp-mp, or b ... | 2000 | 10859392 |
| ectopic expression of maize knotted1 results in the cytokinin-autotrophic growth of cultured tobacco tissues. | the ectopic expression of knotted homologues has cytokinin-like effects on plant morphology. the functional relationship between knotted and cytokinins was investigated in cultures of leaf tissue established from tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l. cv. havana 425) plants transformed with the maize knotted1 (kn1) gene regulated by cauliflower mosaic virus 35s rna expression signals. in contrast to leaf tissues of untransformed plants, leaf tissues of kn1 transformants were capable of sustained, cytokin ... | 2000 | 10872218 |
| increasing tryptophan synthesis in a forage legume astragalus sinicus by expressing the tobacco feedback-insensitive anthranilate synthase (asa2) gene. | a cdna clone that encodes a feedback-insensitive anthranilate synthase (as), asa2, isolated from a 5-methyl-tryptophan (trp) (5mt)-resistant tobacco cell line under the control of the constitutive cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter, was introduced into the forage legume astragalus sinicus by agrobacterium rhizogenes with kanamycin selection. the 35s-asa2 gene was expressed constitutively as demonstrated by northern-blot hybridization analyses and the presence of feedback-insensitive as. hairy ... | 2000 | 10889256 |
| sustained but not transient phytochrome a signaling targets a region of an lhcb1*2 promoter not necessary for phytochrome b action. | current evidence is inconclusive regarding the point of signaling convergence downstream from different members of the phytochrome family. in transgenic arabidopsis, the activity of a reporter enzyme under the control of the -453 to +67 fragment of an lhcb1*2 promoter shows very low fluence responses (vlfrs) and high-irradiance responses (hirs) mediated by phytochrome a and low-fluence responses (lfrs) mediated by phytochrome b. a 5' deletion of the promoter to -134 abolished the hir without aff ... | 2000 | 10899984 |
| increased ability of transgenic plants expressing the bacterial enzyme acc deaminase to accumulate cd, co, cu, ni, pb, and zn. | transgenic tomato plants lycopersicon esculentum (solanaceae) cv. heinz 902 expressing the bacterial gene 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (acc) deaminase, under the transcriptional control of either two tandem 35s cauliflower mosaic virus promoters (constitutive expression), the rold promoter from agrobacterium rhizogenes (root specific expression) or the pathogenesis related prb-1b promoter from tobacco, were compared to non-transgenic tomato plants in their ability to grow in the presenc ... | 2000 | 10936659 |
| termination and peptide release at the upstream open reading frame are required for downstream translation on synthetic shunt-competent mrna leaders. | we have shown recently that a stable hairpin preceded by a short upstream open reading frame (uorf) promotes nonlinear ribosome migration or ribosome shunt on a synthetic mrna leader (m. hemmings-mieszczak and t. hohn, rna 5:1149-1157, 1999). we have now used the model mrna leader to study further the mechanism of shunting in vivo and in vitro. we show that a full cycle of translation of the uorf, including initiation, elongation, and termination, is a precondition for the ribosome shunt across ... | 2000 | 10938098 |
| lignification in transgenic poplars with extremely reduced caffeic acid o-methyltransferase activity. | transgenic poplars (populus tremula x populus alba) were obtained by introduction of a sense homologous transgene encoding caffeic acid o-methyltransferase (comt) under the control either of the cauliflower mosaic virus double 35s promoter or of the eucalyptus cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase promoter. although these constructs conferred a moderate overexpression of comt in some lines, a transgenic line with the double 35s promoter was found where comt activity in woody tissues was close to zero d ... | 2000 | 10938354 |
| frequency and pattern of transposition of the maize transposable element ds in transgenic rice plants. | two kinds of t-dna constructs, i-rs/dac-i-rs and hm(r)ds, carrying a non-autonomous transposable element of ac of maize were introduced into rice plants by agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer. six transgenic rice plants identified as containing a single copy of the element were crossed with two transgenic rice plants carrying a gene for ac transposase under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter. in f2 progenies, excision of the element was detected by pcr analysis and re-inte ... | 2000 | 10945343 |
| phytobilin biosynthesis: the synechocystis sp. pcc 6803 heme oxygenase-encoding ho1 gene complements a phytochrome-deficient arabidopsis thalianna hy1 mutant. | the phytobilin chromophores of phycobiliproteins and phytochromes are biosynthesized from heme in a pathway that begins with the opening of the tetrapyrrole macrocycle of protoheme to form biliverdin ixalpha, in a reaction catalyzed by heme oxygenase. an arabidopsis thaliana hy1 mutant was previously shown to be deficient in phytochrome responses, and these responses were regained when the plants were administered biliverdin ixalpha. a heme oxygenase-encoding gene, ho1, was recently cloned from ... | 2000 | 10949378 |
| transgenic trifolium repens with foliage accumulating the high sulphur protein, sunflower seed albumin. | with the aim of increasing the rumen-protected level of the sulphur amino acids cysteine and methionine in trifolium repens, we introduced the coding sequence of the sunflower seed albumin (ssa) into t. repens by agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. the ssa gene was modified such that the protein would be localised to the endoplasmic reticulum (er). four different t-dna constructions all containing the ssa gene driven by either the promoter of a gene encoding the small subunit of r ... | 2000 | 10951694 |
| construction of a stable and highly infectious intron-containing cdna clone of plum pox potyvirus and its use to infect plants by particle bombardment. | an infectious plum pox potyvirus cdna clone was constructed placing a copy of the full-length sequence of the virus genome between an enhanced cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter and a nopaline synthase termination signal. stabilization of the clone and faster growth of bacteria, in addition to higher plasmid yield, followed a modification consisting of the insertion of an intron which interrupted the viral open reading frame at the p3 region. this intron-containing clone was infectious when i ... | 2000 | 10958981 |
| plants rendered herbicide-susceptible by cauliflower mosaic virus-elicited suppression of a 35s promoter-regulated transgene. | crop plants genetically modified for herbicide tolerance were some of the first to be released into the environment. frequently, the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter is used to drive expression of the herbicide tolerance transgene. we analyzed the response to camv infection of a transgenic oilseed rape line containing the bialaphos tolerance gene (bar) from streptomyces hygroscopicus, regulated by the 35s promoter. oilseed rape is susceptible to camv, but plants recover from infectio ... | 2000 | 10973223 |
| [phenotypic changes in transgenic tobacco plants with an antisense form of the hmg1 gene]. | tobacco plants were genetically transformed with the arabidopsis thaliana heterologous hmg1 gene encoding 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coa reductase, a key enzyme involved in the metabolism of terpenoid compounds. the hmg1 gene was inserted under the control of the 35s rna double promoter from the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv 35s) both in direct and reverse orientation relative to the promoter. dna analysis by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and southern blotting confirmed the transgenic nature ... | 2000 | 11042806 |
| a second t-region of the soybean-supervirulent chrysopine-type ti plasmid ptichry5, and construction of a fully disarmed vir helper plasmid. | agrobacterium tumefaciens chry5, which is particularly virulent on soybeans, induces tumors that produce a family of amadori-type opines that includes deoxyfructosyl glutamine (dfg) and its lactone, chrysopine (chy). cosmid clones mapping to the right of the known oncogenic t-region of ptichry5 conferred amadori opine production on tumors induced by the nopaline strain c58. sequence analysis of dna held in common among these cosmids identified two 25-bp, direct repeats flanking an 8.5-kb segment ... | 2000 | 11043469 |
| agroinfiltration of cauliflower mosaic virus gene vi elicits hypersensitive response in nicotiana species. | cauliflower mosaic virus strain w260 induces hypersensitive response (hr) in nicotiana edwardsonii and systemic cell death in n. clevelandii. in contrast, the d4 strain of cauliflower mosaic virus evades the host defenses in nicotiana species; it induces chlorotic primary lesions and a systemic mosaic in both hosts. previous studies with chimeric viruses had indicated that gene vi of w260 was responsible for elicitation of hr or cell death. to prove conclusively that w260 gene vi is responsible, ... | 2000 | 11059496 |
| reduction to below threshold levels of glycolate oxidase activities in transgenic tobacco enhances photoinhibition during irradiation. | the effects of decreased flux in the glycolate pathway on photoinhibition was investigated in transgenic tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l. cv. sr1) plants. these plants harbored a pumpkin cdna for glycolate oxidase (go), an enzyme in the glycolate pathway, under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter. some transformants showed both reduced amounts and reduced activities of go. the decrease of go was enhanced at a later growth stage of these transformants, whereas no changes were ob ... | 2000 | 11134426 |
| activation tagging identifies a conserved myb regulator of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. | plants produce a wide array of natural products, many of which are likely to be useful bioactive structures. unfortunately, these complex natural products usually occur at very low abundance and with restricted tissue distribution, thereby hindering their evaluation. here, we report a novel approach for enhancing the accumulation of natural products based on activation tagging by agrobacterium-mediated transformation with a t-dna that carries cauliflower mosaic virus 35s enhancer sequences at it ... | 2000 | 11148285 |
| ribosome shunt is essential for infectivity of cauliflower mosaic virus. | cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) is a dna-containing pararetrovirus replicating by means of reverse transcription of a terminally redundant pregenomic 35s rna that is also used as a polycistronic mrna. the leader of 35s rna is long, highly structured, and contains multiple short orfs (sorfs), which strongly interfere with the ribosome scanning process. translation of this rna is initiated by a ribosome shunt mechanism, in which ribosomes translate the most 5'-proximal short orf (sorf a), then ski ... | 2001 | 11158565 |
| overexpression of 3-ketoacyl-acyl-carrier protein synthase iiis in plants reduces the rate of lipid synthesis. | a cdna coding for 3-ketoacyl-acyl-carrier protein (acp) synthase iii (kas iii) from spinach (spinacia oleracea; so kas iii) was used to isolate two closely related kas iii clones (ch kas iii-1 and ch kas iii-2) from cuphea hookeriana. both ch kas iiis are expressed constitutively in all tissues examined. an increase in the levels of 16:0 was observed in tobacco (nicotiana tabacum, wt-sr) leaves overexpressing so kas iii when under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus-35s promoter and in a ... | 2001 | 11161065 |
| manipulation of salicylate content in arabidopsis thaliana by the expression of an engineered bacterial salicylate synthase. | salicylic acid (sa) plays a central role as a signalling molecule involved in plant defense against microbial attack. genetic manipulation of sa biosynthesis may therefore help to generate plants that are more disease-resistant. by fusing the two bacterial genes pcha and pchb from pseudomonas aeruginosa, which encode isochorismate synthase and isochorismate pyruvate-lyase, respectively, we have engineered a novel hybrid enzyme with salicylate synthase (sas) activity. the pchb-a fusion was expres ... | 2001 | 11169183 |
| constitutive expression of interferon-induced human mxa protein in transgenic tobacco plants does not confer resistance to a variety of rna viruses. | mxa is a key component in the interferon-induced antiviral defense in humans. after viral infections, mxa is rapidly induced and accumulates in the cytoplasm. the multiplication of many rna viruses, including all bunyaviruses tested so far, is inhibited by mxa. these findings prompted us to express mxa in plants in an attempt to create resistance to tospoviruses. here, we report the generation of transgenic tobacco plants that constitutively express mxa under the control of the 35 s cauliflower ... | 2000 | 11206971 |
| characterisation of novel target promoters for the dexamethasone-inducible/tetracycline-repressible regulator tgv using luciferase and isopentenyl transferase as sensitive reporter genes. | the chimeric transcriptional activator tgv mediates dexamethasone (dx)-inducible and tetracycline (tc)-repressible transgene expression in tobacco (dx-on/ tc-off system). the expression profiles of four different synthetic target promoters, comprising multiple tgv binding sites upstream of a core promoter, were characterised using the sensitive luciferase assay. induction factors of over 1,000 were measured in roots and leaves of over 30% of the transgenic plants, irrespective of the promoter us ... | 2001 | 11254134 |
| induction of a virus-specific antibody response to foot and mouth disease virus using the structural protein vp1 expressed in transgenic potato plants. | we have recently communicated the oral and parental immunogenicity of the structural protein vp1 of foot and mouth disease virus (fmdv) expressed in different transgenic plants. those results clearly indicated the necessity of increasing the expression of the foreign genes in the transgenic plant to avoid additional steps toward the purification and/or concentration of the antigen of interest. here, we report the production of transgenic potatoes plants containing the vp1 gene cloned under the r ... | 2001 | 11270596 |
| polyadenylation in rice tungro bacilliform virus: cis-acting signals and regulation. | the polyadenylation signal of rice tungro bacilliform virus (rtbv) was characterized by mutational and deletion analysis. the cis-acting signals required to direct polyadenylation conformed to what is known for plant poly(a) signals in general and were very similar to those of the related cauliflower mosaic virus. processing was directed by a canonical aauaaa poly(a) signal, an upstream ug-rich region considerably enhanced processing efficiency, and sequences downstream of the cleavage site were ... | 2001 | 11287568 |
| stable genetic transformation of eschscholzia californica expressing synthetic green fluorescent proteins. | an efficient protocol is described for the stable genetic transformation of eschscholzia californica (california poppy) using agrobacterium tumefaciens as a vector. we have employed the disarmed a. tumefaciens lba4404 encoding a synthetic green fluorescent protein reporter gene that is further controlled by an enhanced cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter. stably transformed e. californica cells appear 3 weeks after initial cocultivation of a. tumefaciens with poppy leaves, stems, or roots. tra ... | 2001 | 11312700 |
| the product of orf iii in cauliflower mosaic virus interacts with the viral coat protein through its c-terminal proline rich domain. | using the yeast two-hybrid system, we show that the orf iii product of cauliflower mosaic virus (piii) interacts through its c-terminus with the viral coat protein. the last five amino acids of piii were essential for the interaction and virus infectivity. deletion of the last three amino acids or the mutation f129a decreased the strength of the interaction by 90%. we further show that piii is closely associated with virus particles found in the inclusion bodies of infected plants but not in vir ... | 2001 | 11324752 |
| in vivo evidence that ids3 from hordeum vulgare encodes a dioxygenase that converts 2'-deoxymugineic acid to mugineic acid in transgenic rice. | we proposed that an fe-deficiency-induced gene, ids3 (iron deficiency specific clone no. 3), from barley (hordeum vulgare l.) roots encodes a dioxygenase that catalyzes the hydroxylation step from 2'-deoxymugineic acid (dma) to mugineic acid (ma). to prove this hypothesis, we introduced the ids3 gene into rice (oryza sativa l.), which lacks ids3 homologues and secretes dma, but not ma. transgenic rice plants, carrying either ids3 cdna or a barley genomic dna fragment (20 kb) containing ids3, wer ... | 2001 | 11346963 |
| mutational analysis of the proteinase function of potato leafroll virus. | cdna expression vectors of potato leafroll virus (plrv) were used to analyse specific mutations in the proteinase and replicase domains of the proteins encoded by orf1 and orf2. agrobacterium-mediated dna transfer was used to introduce a plrv rna expression unit, controlled by the 35s promoter of cauliflower mosaic virus, into potato leaf cells. expression of unmodified plrv cdna led to the replication of viral genomic and subgenomic rnas and accumulation of the viral capsid protein, whereas alt ... | 2001 | 11369899 |
| novel pristinamycin-responsive expression systems for plant cells. | novel gene regulation systems were designed for plant cells responsive to the streptogramin antibiotic pristinamycin. the pristinamycin-repressible plant gene regulation concept (pippoff) is based on a transcriptional activator (pit) which consists of the pip protein, the repressor of the pristinamycin resistance operon of streptomyces coelicolor, fused to the vp16 transactivation domain of the herpes simplex virus. pit mediates pristinamycin-repressible activation of a synthetic plant promoter ... | 2001 | 11370004 |
| transcription factor rf2a alters expression of the rice tungro bacilliform virus promoter in transgenic tobacco plants. | the promoter from rice tungro bacilliform badnavirus (rtbv) is expressed only in phloem tissues in transgenic rice plants. rf2a, a b-zip protein from rice, is known to bind to the box ii cis element near the tata box of the promoter. here, we report that the full-length rtbv promoter and a truncated fragment e of the promoter, comprising nucleotides -164 to +45, result in phloem-specific expression of beta-glucuronidase (gus) reporter genes in transgenic tobacco plants. when a fusion gene compri ... | 2001 | 11390974 |
| nitrite reductase gene enrichment improves assimilation of no(2) in arabidopsis. | transgenic plants of arabidopsis bearing the spinach (spinacia oleracea) nitrite reductase (nir, ec 1.7.7.1) gene that catalyzes the six-electron reduction of nitrite to ammonium in the second step of the nitrate assimilation pathway were produced by use of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter and nopaline synthase terminator. integration of the gene was confirmed by a genomic polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and southern-blot analysis; its expression by a reverse transcriptase-pcr and two-d ... | 2001 | 11402201 |
| resistance to pseudomonas syringae conferred by an arabidopsis thaliana coronatine-insensitive (coi1) mutation occurs through two distinct mechanisms. | a new allele of the coronatine-insensitive locus (coi1) was isolated in a screen for arabidopsis thaliana mutants with enhanced resistance to the bacterial pathogen pseudomonas syringae. this mutant, designated coi1-20, exhibits robust resistance to several p. syringae isolates but remains susceptible to the virulent pathogens erisyphe and cauliflower mosaic virus. resistance to p. syringae strain pstdc3000 in coi1-20 plants is correlated with hyperactivation of pr-1 expression and accumulation ... | 2001 | 11439137 |
| tetramerization is a conserved feature of the virion-associated protein in plant pararetroviruses. | all plant pararetroviruses belong to the caulimoviridae family. this family contains six genera of viruses with different biological, serological, and molecular characteristics. although some important mechanisms of viral replication and host infection are understood, much remains to be discovered about the many functions of the viral proteins. the focus of this study, the virion-associated protein (vap), is conserved among all members of the group and contains a coiled-coil structure that has b ... | 2001 | 11462048 |
| functional expression and subcellular localization of the nectria haematococca mak1 phytoalexin detoxification enzyme in transgenic tobacco. | medicarpin and maackiain are antifungal pterocarpan phytoalexins produced by many legumes, and are thought to be important components of the defense response of these legumes to certain fungal pathogens. the mak1 gene from the fungal pathogen nectria haematococca encodes an fad-dependent mono-oxygenase, known to specifically hydroxylate the phytoalexins medicarpin and maackiain, converting them to less fungitoxic derivatives. two binary vector constructs were made containing the coding regions f ... | 2001 | 11485199 |
| overexpression of dwarf4 in the brassinosteroid biosynthetic pathway results in increased vegetative growth and seed yield in arabidopsis. | plants unable to synthesize or perceive brassinosteroids (brs) are dwarfs. arabidopsis dwf4 was shown to be defective in a steroid 22alpha hydroxylase (cyp90b1) step that is the putative rate-limiting step in the br biosynthetic pathway. to better understand the role of dwf4 in br biosynthesis, transgenic arabidopsis plants ectopically overexpressing dwf4 (aod4) were generated, using the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter, and their phenotypes were characterized. the hypocotyl length of both ... | 2001 | 11489171 |
| inducible high-level mrna amplification system by viral replicase in transgenic plants. | we have constructed a new system for inducible high-level expression of mrna for foreign genes in transgenic plants by introducing a glucocorticoid-inducible transcription system into the previously developed "mrna amplification system" where target mrna can be amplified as a subgenomic rna by the replicase of a plant tripartite rna virus, brome mosaic virus (bmv). in the new amplification system, the amplification of mrna is tightly regulated by the expression of a subunit of the bmv replicase. ... | 2001 | 11489185 |
| towards development of an edible vaccine against bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis using transgenic white clover expressing a mannheimia haemolytica a1 leukotoxin 50 fusion protein. | development of vaccines against bovine pneumonia pasteurellosis, or shipping fever, has focused mainly on mannheimia haemolytica a1 leukotoxin (lkt). in this study, the feasibility of expressing lkt in a forage plant for use as an edible vaccine was investigated. derivatives of the m. haemolytica lkt in which the hydrophobic transmembrane domains were removed were made. lkt66 retained its immunogenicity and was capable of eliciting an antibody response in rabbits that recognized and neutralized ... | 2001 | 11500456 |
| expression of 35s::pto globally activates defense-related genes in tomato plants. | the tomato (lycopersicon esculentum) resistance gene pto confers resistance to the bacterial pathogen pseudomonas syringae pv tomato carrying the avirulent gene avrpto. overexpressing pto under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter constitutively activates defense responses in the absence of pathogen infection and nonspecifically enhances disease resistance. to elucidate the mechanisms underlying this resistance, we isolated cdnas corresponding to transcripts that accumulated ... | 2001 | 11500562 |
| glucocorticoid-inducible gene expression in rice. | we have studied the use of a glucocorticoid receptor-based inducible gene expression system in the monocotyledonous model plant rice (oryza sativa l.). this system, originally developed by t. aoyama and n.-h. chua [(1997) plant j 11: 605-612], is based on the chimaeric transcriptional activator gvg, consisting of the yeast gal4 dna-binding domain, the vp16 activation domain and the glucocorticoid receptor domain. for application in rice, we designed an optimized binary vector series (pindex) and ... | 2001 | 11506359 |
| replication-independent assembly of an insect virus (tetraviridae) in plant cells. | infectious virions of the insect rna virus helicoverpa armigera stunt virus (hasv; omegatetravirus, tetraviridae) were assembled in cultured plant protoplasts of nicotiana plumbaginifolia in the absence of detectable replication. assembly of the virus, which has not been grown in cell culture, required cotransfection of a dna plasmid expressing the hasv capsid gene in combination with either genomic rna or with dna plasmids carrying the complete cdnas to the two hasv genomic rnas. each cdna was ... | 2001 | 11543656 |
| chloroplast targeting of chloroplast division ftsz2 proteins in arabidopsis. | plant nuclear genomes encode chloroplast division proteins homologous to the eubacterial cell division protein ftsz. in higher plants, ftsz genes constitute a small gene family that consists of two subgroups, ftsz1 and ftsz2. it was previously hypothesized that members of one family (ftsz1) targeted chloroplasts, while members of the other family (ftsz2) localized in the cytoplasm. we determined the full-length cdna sequences of two ftsz2 genes from arabidopsis thaliana (atftsz2-1 and atftsz2-2) ... | 2001 | 11554751 |
| a plant viral "reinitiation" factor interacts with the host translational machinery. | the cauliflower mosaic virus transactivator, tav, controls translation reinitiation of major open reading frames on polycistronic rna. we show here that tav function depends on its association with polysomes and eukaryotic initiation factor eif3 in vitro and in vivo. tav physically interacts with eif3 and the 60s ribosomal subunit. two proteins mediating these interactions were identified: eif3g and 60s ribosomal protein l24. transient expression of eif3g and l24 in plant protoplasts strongly af ... | 2001 | 11572778 |
| targeted expression of a synthetic codon optimized gene, encoding the spruce budworm antifreeze protein, leads to accumulation of antifreeze activity in the apoplasts of transgenic tobacco. | a synthetic gene based on the primary sequence of the mature spruce budworm antifreeze protein (sbwafp) was constructed by primer overlap extension. the amino acid codons were chosen to mimic those of a highly expressed tobacco nuclear gene. a dna sequence encoding the amino-terminal leader sequence from the tobacco pathogen related protein 1b (pr), which targets the protein to the apoplastic space, was fused in frame to the synthetic sbwafp gene. this fusion was placed downstream of the caulifl ... | 2001 | 11574159 |
| a library of arabidopsis 35s-cdna lines for identifying novel mutants. | we have developed a system to over-express or co-suppress random cdnas in arabidopsis thaliana upon agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. we constructed a binary vector containing a novel arabidopsis cdna library driven by the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter. the vector, 35spbarn, offers in terra selection with glufosinate ammonium (basta) and the ability to identify the cdna insert using pcr with flanking primers. we introduced this overexpression library into arabidop ... | 2001 | 11575724 |
| promoters for pregenomic rna of banana streak badnavirus are active for transgene expression in monocot and dicot plants. | two putative promoters from australian banana streak badnavirus (bsv) isolates were analysed for activity in different plant species. in transient expression systems the my (2105 bp) and cv (1322 bp) fragments were both shown to have promoter activity in a wide range of plant species including monocots (maize, barley, banana, millet, wheat, sorghum), dicots (tobacco, canola, sunflower, nicotiana benthamiana, tipu tree), gymnosperm (pinus radiata) and fern (nephrolepis cordifolia). evaluation of ... | 2001 | 11587511 |
| mammalian bax-induced plant cell death can be down-regulated by overexpression of arabidopsis bax inhibitor-1 (atbi-1). | we recently isolated the atbi-1 (arabidopsis bax inhibitor-1) gene, the expression of which suppressed bax-induced cell death in yeast. to determine whether the same is true in the plant system, transgenic arabidopsis plants overexpressing bax protein under a dexamethasone (dex)-inducible promoter were generated. on dex treatment, such transgenic plants exhibited marked cell death at the whole-plant level, cell shrinkage, membranous destruction, and other apoptotic phenotypes. transgenic bax pla ... | 2001 | 11593047 |
| expression of functional replication protein from tomato golden mosaic virus in transgenic tobacco plants. | the a component of the bipartite genome of the geminivirus tomato golden mosaic virus (tgmv) encodes the viral protein (al1) that is required for viral dna replication. we have constructed transgenic nicotiana benthamiana plants in which the al1 open reading frame is transcribed under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter. the transgenic plants, which were phenotypically normal, produced a single transcript from the 35s-al1 construct and a 40-kda protein that cross-reacted wit ... | 1990 | 11607065 |
| abnormal plant development and down-regulation of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in transgenic tobacco containing a heterologous phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene. | biosynthesis of phenylpropanoid natural products in tobacco was perturbed by introduction of a heterologous (bean) phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (pal; l-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, ec 4.3.1.5) gene, modified by inclusion of cauliflower mosaic virus 35s enhancer sequences in its promoter. these transgenic plants can exhibit a series of unusual phenotypes including localized fluorescent lesions, altered leaf shape and texture, reduced signification in xylem, stunted growth, reduced pollen viability ... | 1990 | 11607118 |
| transformation of a partial nopaline synthase gene into tobacco suppresses the expression of a resident wild-type gene. | a portion of the nopaline synthase gene under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter was used to transform a tobacco plant that had previously been transformed with a wild-type nopaline synthase (nos) gene. unexpectedly, in all nine primary transformants tested the wild-type nos expression was virtually completely suppressed. in contrast, plants transformed with the control vector dna, which differed only in the absence of the partial nos gene, did not show any inhibition of no ... | 1991 | 11607156 |
| osmotin overexpression in potato delays development of disease symptoms. | transgenic potato and tobacco plants carrying the osmotin gene under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter constitutively overexpressed osmotin to a level of approximately 2% of total cellular protein. leaves of transgenic potato plants exhibited delayed development of disease symptoms after inoculation with spore suspensions of phytophthora infestans, which is the cause of late blight disease of potato. in contrast, transgenic tobacco plants did not display any change in the ... | 1994 | 11607463 |
| the effect of mar elements on variation in spatial and temporal regulation of transgene expression. | the level of transgene expression often differs among independent transformants. this is generally ascribed to different integration sites of the transgene into the plant genome in each independently obtained transformant (position effect). it has been shown that in tobacco transformants expressing, for example, a cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter-driven beta-glucuronidase (gus) reporter gene, these position-induced quantitative differences among individual transformants were reduced ... | 2001 | 11669579 |
| selection and orientation of adjacent genes influences dam-mediated male sterility in transformed maize. | anther-targeted expression of e. coli dna (adenosine-n6-)-methyltransferase (dam) in maize was tested as a means to produce male-sterile plants. a high frequency of male-sterile plants with reduced anther size was observed when dam was regulated by the maize anther-specific promoter 5126 (5126:dam) and placed upstream of the herbicide resistance gene, pat, regulated by the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter (35s:pat). in contrast, placement of 5126:dam upstream of a pat gene regulated ... | 2001 | 11708651 |
| cold accumulation of scof-1 transcripts is associated with transcriptional activation and mrna stability. | cold acclimation enhances the transcription of several cold regulated (cor) genes. however, little is known about whether the elevation of the transcriptional level of the cor genes is due to transcriptional activation, or mrna stability by a low temperature. recently, we cloned a novel cold-inducible zinc finger protein gene from soybean, scof-1, which may function as a positive regulator of the cor gene expression . here we report that the elevation of the scof-1 transcript level by cold stres ... | 2001 | 11710522 |
| identification of arabidopsis proteins that interact with the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) movement protein. | gene i of cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) encodes a protein that is required for virus movement. the camv movement protein (mp) was used in a yeast 2-hybrid system to screen an arabidopsis cdna library for cdnas encoding mp-interacting (mpi) proteins. three different clones were found encoding proteins (mpi1, -2 and -7) that interact with the n-terminal third of the camv mp. the interaction in the 2-hybrid system between mpi7 and camv mp mutants correlated with the infectivity of the mutants. a ... | 2001 | 11725951 |
| overexpression of malate dehydrogenase in transgenic alfalfa enhances organic acid synthesis and confers tolerance to aluminum. | al toxicity is a severe impediment to production of many crops in acid soil. toxicity can be reduced through lime application to raise soil ph, however this amendment does not remedy subsoil acidity, and liming may not always be practical or cost-effective. addition of organic acids to plant nutrient solutions alleviates phytotoxic al effects, presumably by chelating al and rendering it less toxic. in an effort to increase organic acid secretion and thereby enhance al tolerance in alfalfa (medic ... | 2001 | 11743127 |
| functional analysis of tomato pti4 in arabidopsis. | pti4 is a tomato (lycopersicon esculentum) transcription factor that belongs to the erf (ethylene-responsive element binding factor) family of proteins. it interacts with the pto kinase in tomato, which confers resistance to the pseudomonas syringae pv tomato pathogen that causes bacterial speck disease. to study the function of pti4, transgenic arabidopsis plants were generated that expressed tomato pti4 driven by the strong constitutive promoters, cauliflower mosaic virus 35s and tcup. global ... | 2002 | 11788750 |
| analysis of the spacing between the two palindromes of activation sequence-1 with respect to binding to different tga factors and transcriptional activation potential. | in higher plants, activation sequence-1 (as-1) of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter mediates both salicylic acid- and auxin-inducible transcriptional activation. originally found in viral and t-dna promoters, as-1-like elements are also functional elements of plant promoters activated in the course of a defence response upon pathogen attack. as-1-like elements are characterised by two imperfect palindromes with the palindromic centres being spaced by 12 bp. they are recognised by plant n ... | 2002 | 11809891 |
| suppression of gene expression by rna interference in cultured plant cells. | suppression by double-stranded rna (dsrna) of the expression of a target gene is known as rna interference (rnai). no quantitative analysis of the effects of rnai on the expression of specific genes in cultured plant cells has been reported. however, as it is possible to produce populations of cultured plant cells that are uniform and divide synchronously for functional analysis of genes of interest, we performed a quantitative study of the effects of rnai in such cells. we constructed dsrna exp ... | 2001 | 11838637 |
| transformation vector based on promoter and intron sequences of a replacement histone h3 gene. a tool for high, constitutive gene expression in plants. | this study explored the possibility of using non-viral, plant-based gene sequences to create strong and constitutive expression vectors. replacement histone h3 genes are highly and constitutively expressed in all plants. sequences of the cloned alfalfa histone h3.2 gene msh3gl were tested. constructs of the beta-glucuronidase (gus) reporter gene were produced with h3.2 gene promoter and intron sequences. their efficiency was compared with that of the commonly used strong 35s cauliflower mosaic v ... | 2002 | 11874105 |
| expressing creatine kinase in transgenic tobacco--a first step towards introducing an energy buffering system in plants. | creatine kinase a key enzyme in cellular energy homeostasis of vertebrates offers the promise of engineering plants with enhanced stress tolerance. in order to provide plants with such an energy buffering system, tobacco was transformed with a cdna, encoding the cytosolic brain-type isoform of chicken creatine kinase (bb-ck), the expression of which was under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s (camv 35s) promoter. transgenic tobacco plants were selected and suspension cultures gener ... | 2002 | 11878275 |
| the protein encoded by oncogene 6b from agrobacterium tumefaciens interacts with a nuclear protein of tobacco. | the 6b gene in the t-dna from agrobacterium has oncogenic activity in plant cells, inducing tumor formation, the phytohormone-independent division of cells, and alterations in leaf morphology. the product of the 6b gene appears to promote some aspects of the proliferation of plant cells, but the molecular mechanism of its action remains unknown. we report here that the 6b protein associates with a nuclear protein in tobacco that we have designated ntsip1 (for nicotiana tabacum 6b-interacting pro ... | 2002 | 11884686 |
| a comparative analysis of the avirulence and translational transactivator functions of gene vi of cauliflower mosaic virus. | the primary function associated at present with the gene vi product of cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) is that of a translational transactivator (tav). in this capacity, it alters the host translational machinery to allow reinitiation of translation of other camv genes on the polycistronic 35s rna of camv. in addition, the gene vi protein can elicit a specific type of plant defense response called the hypersensitive response (hr) in nicotiana edwardsonii. in this study, we have adapted the agroi ... | 2002 | 11886242 |
| growth and differentiation of transgenic callus regulated by phytohormones and antibiotics in transformation of loblolly pine. | mature zygotic embryos of loblolly pine (pinus taeda l.) were transformed by agrobacterium tumefaciens strain lba 4404 harbouring the plasmid pbi121 which carried the selectable marker gene, neomycin phosphotransferase ii (npt ii) controlled by the promoter of the nopaline synthase gene, and the uida reporter gene, encoding beta-glucuronidase (gus) driven by the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter. organogenic transgenic calli and transgenic regenerated plantlets were produced on selection med ... | 2002 | 11902001 |
| activation of the promoters of arabidopsis genes for the branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex in transgenic tobacco by-2 cells under sugar starvation. | sugar starvation exerted by sub-10 mm levels of sucrose on arabidopsis t87 suspension-cultured cells triggered marked accumulation of the transcripts of genes for e1beta and e2 subunit of the branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex. similar levels of sugar starvation increased the luciferase activity in transgenic tobacco by-2 lines expressing the arabidopsis e1beta- or e2-promoter-luciferase fusion gene. these results indicate that sugar levels tightly regulate the e1beta and e2 pr ... | 2002 | 11917081 |
| mycorrhizal colonization of transgenic aspen in a field trial. | mycorrhizal colonization of genetically modified hybrid aspen (populus tremula x p. tremuloides michx.) was investigated over 15 months in a field experiment. the aspen carried the rolc gene from agrobacterium rhizogenes under control of either the constitutive cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter or the light-inducible rbcs promoter. arbuscular mycorrhizas (ams) were rare in all root samples, while fully developed ectomycorrhizas (ems) were found in all samples. no significant differences in t ... | 2002 | 11925050 |
| biodiversity (communications arising): maize transgene results in mexico are artefacts. | quist and chapela's conclusion that the transgenes they claim to have detected in native maize in oaxaca, mexico, are predominantly reassorted and inserted into a "diversity of genomic contexts" seems to be based on an artefact arising from the inverse polymerase chain reaction (i-pcr) they used to amplify sequences flanking 35s transgenes from cauliflower mosaic virus (camv). | 2002 | 11935145 |
| camv 35s promoter directs beta-glucuronidase expression in ganoderma lucidum and pleurotus citrinopileatus. | the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter has been most commonly used in plant transformation studies, but its activity in mushrooms has not been reported. p301-b is a binary vector containing a bialaphos resistance gene driven by the promoter of lentinus edodes glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gpd) gene. camv 35s-gus was inserted into p301-b, and the resulting construct p301-bg was transformed to protoplasts of ganoderma lucidum and basidiospores of pleurotus citrinopileatus. gu ... | 2002 | 11936254 |
| over-expression of cinnamate 4-hydroxylase leads to increased accumulation of acetosyringone in elicited tobacco cell-suspension cultures. | cell-suspension cultures were produced from transgenic tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l.) plants harboring a constitutively expressed alfalfa cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (c4h) transgene. increased levels of c4h enzyme activity in the transgenic cultures were observed only following exposure of the cells to yeast elicitor, although alfalfa c4h transcripts were expressed at a high level from the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter in the absence of elicitation. increased expression of c4h in elicited ce ... | 2002 | 11941467 |