| copper-controllable gene expression system for whole plants. | we describe a system for gene expression in plants based on the regulation mechanism of the yeast metallothionein (mt) gene. the system consists of two elements: (i) the yeast ace1 (activating copper-mt expression) gene encoding a transcription factor under control of the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s rna promoter, and (ii) a gene of interest under control of a chimeric promoter consisting of the 90-base-pair domain a of the camv 35s rna promoter linked to the ace1 transcription factor-bin ... | 1993 | 8506300 |
| the sequence surrounding the translation initiation codon of the pea plastocyanin gene increases translational efficiency of a reporter gene. | the 5'-upstream region of the pea plastocyanin gene (pete) directed 5-10-fold higher levels of beta-glucuronidase (gus) activity than the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter in transgenic tobacco plants, although the levels of gus mrna were similar. the sequence (aaaaaugg) around the translation initiation codon of pete enhanced translation of the gus mrna 10-fold compared to translation from the gus translation initiation codon in transgenic tobacco plants and transfected protoplasts. | 1995 | 8534858 |
| monocotyledonous c4 nadp(+)-malate dehydrogenase is efficiently synthesized, targeted to chloroplasts and processed to an active form in transgenic plants of the c3 dicotyledon tobacco. | chloroplastic nadp(+)-malate dehydrogenase (cpmdh, ec 1.1.1.82) is a key enzyme in the carbon-fixation pathway of some c4 plants such as the monocotyledons maize or sorghum. we have expressed cpmdh from sorghum vulgare pers. in transgenic tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l.) (a dicotyledonous c3 plant) by using a gene composed of the sorghum cpmdh cdna under the control of cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter. high steady-state levels of cpmdh mrna were observed in isogenic dihaploid transgenic tobac ... | 1995 | 8547818 |
| analysis of late-blight disease resistance and freezing tolerance in transgenic potato plants expressing sense and antisense genes for an osmotin-like protein. | the expression patterns of plant defense genes encoding osmotin and osmotin-like proteins imply a dual function in osmotic stress and plant pathogen defense. we have produced transgenic potato (solanum commersonii dun.) plants constitutively expressing sense or antisense rnas from chimeric gene constructs consisting of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter and a cdna (pa13) for an osmotin-like protein. transgenic potato plants expressing high levels of the pa13 osmotin-like protein showed an ... | 1996 | 8580772 |
| a biotechnological approach to improving the nutritive value of alfalfa. | the postruminal supply of the sulfur-containing amino acids, methionine and cysteine, has been reported to be a major limitation to wool growth in sheep. we aim to improve the protein quality of forage for ruminants by introducing into alfalfa chimeric genes encoding a ruminally stable, sulfur amino acid-rich protein from sunflower seeds. four gene constructs were transferred to australian commercial cultivars of alfalfa using agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation and selection with ... | 1995 | 8582868 |
| expression of a bacterial endo beta-1,3-glucanase gene under the control of camv 35s promoter in nicotiana plumbaguinifolia protoplasts. | a gene which codes for a thermostable endo beta-1,3-glucanase (ec 3.2.1.39) from a gram positive anaerobic thermophilic bacteria clostridium thermocellum f7, was fused to 35s promoter and polyadenylation signal of cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) strain cabb b-d. this chimaeric gene fusion was introduced into nicotiana plumbaguinifolia protoplasts using peg-mediated dna transfer method of transformation. transient expression of the thermostable endo beta-1,3-glucanase was carried out in the proto ... | 1997 | 9044296 |
| analysis of three tissue-specific elements from the wheat cab-1 enhancer. | the genes encoding the major light-harvesting antenna chlorophyll a/b-binding protein (cab) of higher plants are regulated by light at the transcriptional level. in addition, their expression is largely restricted to photosynthetically competent organs such as leaves. a 268 bp fragment of the cab-1 promoter from wheat functions as a light-responsive and organ-specific enhancer in transgenic tobacco. using dnase i footprinting, four different regions have been mapped (cab1-a, cab1-b, cab1-c and c ... | 1993 | 8220458 |
| mutational analysis of the rola gene of agrobacterium rhizogenes in tobacco: function of the rola pre-mrna intron and rola proteins defective in their biological activity. | the rola gene of agrobacterium rhizogenes contains in its untranslated leader region a spliceosomal intron, which is spliced in arabidopsis and in nicotiana tabacum. expression under the control of the 35s promoter from cauliflower mosaic virus of a rola gene derivative defective in splicing still causes alterations of growth in transgenic tobacco plants. splicing of rola mrna is required for efficient expression of the rola phenotype in vivo. moreover, splicing is required for efficient in vitr ... | 1997 | 9164171 |
| organ-specific and agamous-regulated expression and glycosylation of a pollen tube growth-promoting protein. | transmitting tissue-specific (tts) protein is a pollen tube growth-promoting and attracting glycoprotein located in the stylar transmitting tissue extracellular matrix of the pistil of tobacco. the tts protein backbones have a deduced molecular mass of about 28 kda, whereas the glycosylated stylar tts proteins have apparent molecular masses ranging between 50 and 100 kda. tts mrnas and proteins are ectopically produced in transgenic tobacco plants that express either a cauliflower mosaic virus ( ... | 1996 | 8632979 |
| two cold-inducible genes encoding lipid transfer protein ltp4 from barley show differential responses to bacterial pathogens. | the barley genes hvltp4.2 and hvltp4.3 both encode the lipid transfer protein ltp4 and are less than 1 kb apart in tail-to-tail orientation. they differ in their non-coding regions from each other and from the gene corresponding to a previously reported ltp4 cdna (now ltp4.1). southern blot analysis indicated the existence of three or more ltp4 genes per haploid genome and showed considerable polymorphism among barley cultivars. we have investigated the transient expression of genes hvltp4.2 and ... | 1996 | 8804389 |
| expression of two heterologous promoters, agrobacterium rhizogenes rolc and cauliflower mosaic virus 35s, in the stem of transgenic hybrid aspen plants during the annual cycle of growth and dormancy. | we monitored, for the first time, the activity of two model heterologous promoters, the agrobacterium rhizogenes rolc and the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s, throughout the annual cycle of growth and dormancy in a perennial species, hybrid aspen. each promoter was fused to the uida beta-glucuronidase (gus) reporter gene and the constructs were introduced into the hybrid aspen genome by agrobacterium-mediated transformation. both wild-type and transgenic plants were cultivated under differen ... | 1996 | 8806418 |
| modification of seed oil content and acyl composition in the brassicaceae by expression of a yeast sn-2 acyltransferase gene. | a putative yeast sn-2 acyltransferase gene (slc1-1), reportedly a variant acyltransferase that suppresses a genetic defect in sphingolipid long-chain base biosynthesis, has been expressed in a yeast slc deletion strain. the slc1-1 gene product was shown in vitro to encode an sn-2 acyltransferase capable of acylating sn-1 oleoyl-lysophosphatidic acid, using a range of acyl-coa thioesters, including 18:1-, 22:1-, and 24:0-coas. the slc1-1 gene was introduced into arabidopsis and a high erucic acid ... | 1997 | 9212466 |
| selective translation initiation by ribosome jumping in adenovirus-infected and heat-shocked cells. | translation initiation on eukaryotic mrnas usually occurs by 5'-processive scanning of 40s ribosome subunits from the m7gtp-cap to the initiating aug. in contrast, picornavirus and some specialized mrnas initiate translation by internally binding ribosomes. a poorly described third mechanism of initiation, referred to as ribosome shunting or jumping, involves discontinuous scanning by 40s ribosome subunits, in which large segments of the 5' noncoding region are bypassed. ribosome shunting has on ... | 1996 | 8666238 |
| subcellular localization of spinach cysteine synthase isoforms and regulation of their gene expression by nitrogen and sulfur. | subcellular localization and regulation of the spinach (spinacia oleracea) cysteine synthase (o-acetyl-l-serine[thiol]-lyase, ec 4.2.99.8) isoforms (cysa, cysb, and cysc) were determined in transgenic tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) and in spinach cell cultures. the 5' regions of cysb and cysc encoding the chloroplastic (cysb-tp) and the putative mitochondrial (cysc-tp) transit peptide (tp) sequences were fused to a bacterial beta-glucuronidase gene (gus) and expressed in tobacco under the control o ... | 1996 | 8819326 |
| particle bombardment drastically increases the infectivity of cloned dna of zucchini yellow mosaic potyvirus. | an infectious full-length cdna clone of the rna genome of the potyvirus zucchini yellow mosaic virus (zymv) was constructed under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter. all squash, cucumber, melon and watermelon plants inoculated with the cloned cdna of zymv by particle bombardment become infected. bombardment technology is 10(6)-fold more effective than mechanical inoculation. due to the great increase in efficiency, ineffective constructs now became infective (i.e. cdna unde ... | 1995 | 8847534 |
| accumulation of a sulphur-rich seed albumin from sunflower in the leaves of transgenic subterranean clover (trifolium subterraneum l.). | a gene encoding a sulphur-rich, sunflower seed albumin (23% cysteine plus methionine) was modified to contain the promoter for the 35s rna of cauliflower mosaic virus, in order to obtain leaf expression in transgenic plants. in addition, a sequence encoding an endoplasmic reticulum-retention signal was added to the 3' end of the coding region so as to stabilize the protein by diverting it away from the vacuole. the modified gene was introduced into subterranean clover (t. subterraneum l.) and it ... | 1996 | 8673145 |
| efficient promoter cassettes for enhanced expression of foreign genes in dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous plants. | a series of chimeric promoters for higher-level expression of foreign genes in plants was constructed as fusions of a gene for beta-glucuronidase (gus) with the terminator of a gene for nopaline synthase (nos) or of the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s transcript, and the strength of these promoters was assayed in transient and stable expression systems in tobacco and rice. as parts of these promoters, the camv 35s core promoter, three different 5'-upstream sequences of the 35s promoter, the ... | 1996 | 8720924 |
| modification of fatty acid composition by over- and antisense-expression of a microsomal omega-3 fatty acid desaturase gene in transgenic tobacco. | omega-3 fatty acid desaturases, which catalyse the conversion of linoleic acid (18:2) to linolenic acid (18:3) in lipids, are located in the microsomes and plastid membranes. transgenic tobacco plants were produced that express the transcripts of a tobacco microsomal omega-3 fatty acid desaturase gene (ntfad3) in antisense and sense orientations under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter. the antisense construct has the 0.5-kb fragment of the ntfad3 cdna containing a 3'-flank ... | 1996 | 8866893 |
| polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins (pgips) with different specificities are expressed in phaseolus vulgaris. | the pgip-1 gene of phaseolus vulgaris, encoding a polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein (pgip), pgip-1 (p. toubart, a. desiderio, g. salvi, f. cervone, l. daroda, g. de lorenzo, c. bergmann, a. g. darvill, and p. albersheim, plant j. 2:367-373, 1992), was expressed under control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter in tomato plants via agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. transgenic tomato plants with different expression levels of pgip-1 were used in infection experiments w ... | 1997 | 9304859 |
| activation of the camv as-1 cis-element by salicylic acid: differential dna-binding of a factor related to tga1a. | transcription from the as-1 element of the cauliflower mosaic virus is induced by salicylic acid (sa), an endogenous signal involved in plant defence responses. electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrated that the binding of a tobacco cellular factor, named sarp, correlates with the sa-induced activation of transcription. sarp was shown to contain proteins immunologically related to tga1a, a transcription factor previously cloned for its ability to bind to the as-1 element. the molecular ... | 1996 | 8896461 |
| repeated sequences from the arabidopsis thaliana genome function as enhancers in transgenic tobacco. | sixteen segments of arabidopsis thaliana dna that function as enhancers in transgenic tobacco plants were isolated using the proa97 enhancer cloning vehicle and library transformation of nicotiana tabacum. the sequences were compared for at content, homology, repeated motifs, and expression pattern in transgenic n. tabacum. the sequences were average with respect to the at content of a. thaliana dna. they could be placed into seven homology groups. five of the sequences are single-copy sequences ... | 1996 | 8914517 |
| pathogenesis-related functions of plant beta-1,3-glucanases investigated by antisense transformation--a review. | plant beta-1,3-glucanases (beta glu) have been implicated in several physiological and developmental processes, e.g., cell division, microsporogenesis, pollen germination, fertilization and seed germination. these enzymes, particularly the antifungal class-i vacuolar isoforms, are also believed to be part of the defences of plants against fungal infection. the function of beta glu in tobacco and nicotiana sylvestris has been investigated by antisense transformation. transformation with gla, the ... | 1996 | 8955634 |
| cis-acting elements essential for light regulation of the nuclear gene encoding the a subunit of chloroplast glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase in arabidopsis thaliana. | we report the characterization of cis-acting elements involved in light regulation of the nuclear gene (gapa) that encodes the a subunit of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase in arabidopsis thaliana. our previous deletion analyses indicate that the -277 to -195 upstream region of gapa is essential for light induction of the beta-glucuronidase reporter gene in transgenic tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) plants. this region contains three direct repeats with the consensus sequence 5'-caaatgaa(a/g ... | 1996 | 8972600 |
| optimization of scfv antibody production in transgenic plants. | plants offer various advantages for the production of pharmaceutical proteins over conventional production systems such as bacterial or mammalian cell culture. in order to explore transgenic plants for large-scale production and storage of recombinant antibodies we tried to optimize the accumulation and stability of functionally active single chain fv (scfv) antibodies in transgenic tobacco plants. | 1997 | 9358273 |
| analysis of the promoter of the auxin-inducible gene, parc, of tobacco. | the auxin-responsive region (auxrr) in the promoter of the parc gene was analyzed in transgenic tobacco plants in which the 5' flanking region of the parc promoter was placed upstream of the gene for beta-glucuronidase (gus). the auxrr was located between nucleotides (nt) -226 and -54. detailed dissection of this segment revealed that the presence of the non-contiguous sequences from nt -226 to -151 and from nt -84 to -54 was required for the expression of the auxin responsiveness of the parc pr ... | 1996 | 8979393 |
| coordinate regulation of the tryptophan biosynthetic pathway and indolic phytoalexin accumulation in arabidopsis. | little is known about the mechanisms that couple regulation of secondary metabolic pathways to the synthesis of primary metabolic precursors. camalexin, an indolic secondary metabolite, appears to be the major phytoalexin in arabidopsis. it was previously shown that camalexin accumulation is caused by infection with plant pathogens, by abiotic elicitors, and in spontaneous lesions in the accelerated cell death mutant acd2. we demonstrate that the accumulation of this phytoalexin is accompanied b ... | 1996 | 8989880 |
| two mrnas are transcribed from banana bunchy top virus dna-1. | we have mapped the mrna transcripts of banana bunchy top virus (bbtv) dna-1. northern hybridization and 3' race analysis identified two poly-adenylated rnas associated with bbtv dna-1. previously, one major orf in the virion sense of dna-1 had been identified, which encoded a putative replication protein (rep). an mrna was identified in bbtv infected bananas that was clearly transcribed from this rep orf. further, a second transcript was identified which mapped to an orf completely within the re ... | 1997 | 9010308 |
| a dissociation insertion causes a semidominant mutation that increases expression of tiny, an arabidopsis gene related to apetala2. | a novel transposon-tagging strategy designed to recover dominant gain-of-function alleles was performed with arabidopsis by using a dissociation element with a cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter transcribing outward over one terminus. lines containing transposed copies of this transposon were screened for mutants, and a semidominant mutation affecting plant height, hypocotyl elongation, and fertility was recovered. the pleiotropic effects of this mutation appear to result from a general reduc ... | 1996 | 8624440 |
| expression of the alpha-thionin gene from barley in tobacco confers enhanced resistance to bacterial pathogens. | thionins are cysteine-rich, 5 kda polypeptides which are toxic to plant pathogens in vitro. expression of the gene encoding alpha-thionin from barley endosperm, under the 35s promoter from cauliflower mosaic virus, conferred to transgenic tobacco enhanced resistance to the bacterial plant pathogens pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci 153 and p. syringae pv. syringae. the barley alpha-thionin gene, which has two introns, was correctly spliced in tobacco. the alpha-thionin in transgenic plants had the ... | 1993 | 8220454 |
| ectopic expression of the maize homeobox genes zmhox1a or zmhox1b causes pleiotropic alterations in the vegetative and floral development of transgenic tobacco. | the zmhox1a and zmhox1b (for zea mays homeobox) genes map on chromosomes 8 and 6, respectively. both homeobox genes encode proteins that show 91% similarity and are transcribed simultaneously in meristematic and proliferating cells of the maize plant. to gain insight into the biological function of these genes, both open reading frames were expressed in tobacco, under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter. the resulting transgenic zmhox1a or zmhox1b plants showed identical phe ... | 1996 | 8721746 |
| a multiple-stimuli-responsive as-1-related element of para gene confers responsiveness to cadmium but not to copper. | the expression of para, an auxin-regulated gene expressed during the culture of tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l.) mesophyll protoplasts, is induced by cadmium. to identify the cadmium-responsive element, we examined the para promoter using the gus reporter gene. cadmium responsiveness was retained in a 5' deletion of the para promoter to -78 bp, but it was nullified by further deletion to -49bp, which implies that the region -49 to -78 bp contained a cadmium-responsive element. this region contains ... | 1996 | 8756498 |
| light-regulated changes in abundance and polyribosome association of ferredoxin mrna are dependent on photosynthesis. | in transgenic tobacco plants containing a pea ferredoxin transcribed region (fed-1) driven by the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter (p35s), light acts at a post-transcriptional level to control the abundance of fed-1 mrna in green leaves. to determine whether the light signal for this response involves photosynthesis, we treated transgenic seedlings with or without 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (dcmu), an inhibitor of photosynthetic electron transport. dcmu prevented the normal lig ... | 1997 | 9437868 |
| chimeric arabidopsis thaliana ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase containing a pea small subunit protein is compromised in carbamylation. | a cdna of pea (pisum sativum l.) rbcs 3a, encoding a small subunit protein (s) of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco), has been expressed in arabidopsis thaliana under control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter, and the transcript and mature s protein were detected. specific antibodies revealed two protein spots for the four arabidopsis s and one additional spot for pea s. pea s in chimeric rubisco amounted to 15 to 18% of all s, as judged by separation on two-dim ... | 1998 | 9489016 |
| expression of a cdna encoding phytolacca insularis antiviral protein confers virus resistance on transgenic potato plants. | to develop an antiviral agent and virus-resistant plants, a cdna clone encoding phytolacca insularis antiviral protein (pip) was isolated from a cdna library constructed with poly(a)+ rna purified from leaves of p. insularis. the pip cdna contains an open reading frame encoding 307 amino acids. the deduced amino acid sequence includes a putative signal sequence of 22 amino acids at the n-terminus. the amino acid sequence of pip shares 84% homology with that of the pokeweed antiviral protein (pap ... | 1997 | 9509425 |
| a common 40 amino acid motif in eukaryotic rnases h1 and caulimovirus orf vi proteins binds to duplex rnas. | eukaryotic rnases h from saccharomyces cerevisiae , schizosaccharomyces pombe and crithidia fasciculata , unlike the related escherichia coli rnase hi, contain a non-rnase h domain with a common motif. previously we showed that s.cerevisiae rnase h1 binds to duplex rnas (either rna-dna hybrids or double-stranded rna) through a region related to the double-stranded rna binding motif. a very similar amino acid sequence is present in caulimovirus orf vi proteins. the hallmark of the rnase h/caulimo ... | 1998 | 9512560 |
| position-dependent att initiation during plant pararetrovirus rice tungro bacilliform virus translation. | the expression of the rice tungro bacilliform virus open reading frame i was studied in transiently transfected protoplasts. expression occurs despite the presence of a long leader sequence and the absence of a proper atg initiation codon. translation is initiated at an att codon. the efficiency of initiation in rice protoplasts depends strongly on the mechanism by which ribosomes reach this codon. from the effects of scanning-inhibiting structures inserted into different leader regions, it can ... | 1996 | 8627776 |
| effect of atp sulfurylase overexpression in bright yellow 2 tobacco cells. regulation of atp sulfurylase and so4(2-) transport activities. | to determine if the atp sulfurylase reaction is a regulatory step for the so4(2-)-assimilation pathway in plants, an arabidopsis thaliana atp sulfurylase cdna, aps2, was fused to the 35s promoter of the cauliflower mosaic virus and introduced by agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation into isolated bright yellow 2 tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) cells. the atp sulfurylase activity in transgenic cells was 8-fold that in control cells, and was correlated with the expression of a specific pol ... | 1998 | 9536047 |
| an improved green fluorescent protein gene as a vital marker in plants. | a synthetic green fluorescent protein (gfp) gene (pgfp) was constructed to improve gfp expression in plants. corn and tobacco protoplast transient assays showed that pgfp gave about 20-fold brighter fluorescence than the wild-type gene (gfp). replacement of the serine at position 65 with a threonine (s65tpgfp) or a cysteine (s65cpgfp) yielded 100- to 120-fold brighter fluorescence than wild-type gfp upon excitation with 490-nm light. incorporation of a plant intron into the coding region yielded ... | 1996 | 8938400 |
| plant ribosome shunting in vitro. | it has been proposed that cauliflower mosaic virus 35s rna with its 600 nt long leader uses an unusual translation process (the translational shunt). a wheat germ in vitro translation assay was used to improve the study of this mechanism. deletions, the introduction of stable stem-loop structures, and the inhibitory effect of antisense oligonucleotides on gene expression were used to determine the roles of various parts of the leader. it was found that the 5'- and 3'-ends of the leader are absol ... | 1997 | 9207035 |
| characterization and expression of a heptaubiquitin gene from tomato. | ubiquitin is highly conserved 76 amino acid protein involved, among other functions, in the selective degradation of proteins in the cell. from a tomato (lycopersicon esculentum mill. cv. craigella) genomic library, we have isolated a clone encoding a polyubiquitin gene, designated ubq1-1 comprising seven repeats of ubiquitin and two c-terminal extension amino acids. the ubq1-1 gene contains an intron of 1128bp immediately upstream of the translation start codon. dna sequence comparison revealed ... | 1998 | 9602146 |
| the ry sequence is necessary but not sufficient for the transcription activation of a winged bean chymotrypsin inhibitor gene in developing seeds. | a winged bean kunitz-type chymotrypsin inhibitor (wci) is expressed in seeds and tuberous roots. in seeds, the expression of wci is restricted to the period between the mid- and late-maturation stage. to understand the mechanisms that regulate the expression of wci genes, we analyzed the promoter activity of the upstream region of the wci-3b gene, which encodes a major wci protein, in transgenic tobacco plants. by using a series of constructs with 5' deletions in the upstream sequences, the regi ... | 1997 | 9207835 |
| a cdna clone from a defective rna of citrus tristeza virus is infective in the presence of the helper virus. | a naturally occurring defective rna of 2379 nt (d2.3) from the vt strain of citrus tristeza closterovirus (ctv) was cloned and sequenced. the d2.3 rna is a fusion of two regions of 1521 and 858 nt from the 5' and 3' ends of the ctv genome, respectively. a cdna clone of d2.3 rna was tagged by the insertion of a 0.47 kb chimeric dna fragment and the recombinant cdna was inserted downstream of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter. the resulting construct was bombarded into ctv-infected tissue, ... | 1997 | 9225053 |
| transformation of arabidopsis thaliana with the coda gene for choline oxidase; accumulation of glycinebetaine and enhanced tolerance to salt and cold stress. | glycinebetaine is one of the compatible solutes that accumulate in the chloroplasts of contain halotolerant plants when these plants are exposed to salt or cold stress. the coda gene for choline oxidase, the enzyme that converts choline into glycinebetaine, has previously been cloned from a soil bacterium, arthrobacter globiformis. transformation of arabidopsis thaliana with the cloned coda gene under the control of the 35s promoter of cauliflower mosaic virus enabled the plant to accumulate gly ... | 1997 | 9263456 |
| low-temperature resistance of higher plants is significantly enhanced by a nonspecific cyanobacterial desaturase. | a broad-specificity delta 9 desaturase gene was cloned from the cyanobacterium anacystis nidulans. the enzyme introduces a cis-double bond at the delta 9 position of both 16 and 18 carbon saturated fatty acids linked to many kinds of membrane lipids. the gene was stably introduced into tobacco plants under transcriptional control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter, and the enzyme was targeted into plastids by the transit peptide of the pea rubisco small subunit. the transgenic plants h ... | 1996 | 9631040 |
| characterization of cis-acting elements affecting strength and phloem specificity of the coconut foliar decay virus promoter. | during replication in its host plant, coconut foliar decay virus (cfdv) remains restricted to the phloem tissue. previous in vivo studies on subgenomic cfdv dna had provided evidence for the phloem specificity of the cfdv promoter. here, new promoter constructs are described which are distinguished by the presence or absence of various cis-acting signals and which gave rise to a 16-fold higher reporter gene (beta-glucuronidase) activity (reaching 30% of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter) ... | 1998 | 9634093 |
| expression of the ribosome-inactivating protein jip60 from barely in transgenic tobacco leads to an abnormal phenotype and alterations on the level of translation. | in this paper we report the in-planta activity of the ribosome-inactivating protein jip60, a 60-kda jasmonate-induced protein from barley (hordeum vulgare l.), in transgenic tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l.) plants. all plants expressing the complete jip60 cdna under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter exhibited conspicuous and similar phenotypic alterations, such as slower growth, shorter internodes, lanceolate leaves, reduced root development, and premature senescence ... | 1997 | 9265788 |
| characterization and functional expression of a ubiquitously expressed tomato pectin methylesterase. | pectin methylesterase (pme), a ubiquitous enzyme in plants, de-esterifies the methoxylated pectin in the plant cell wall. we have characterized a pme gene (designated as pmeu1) from tomato (lycopersicon esculentum) with an expression that is higher in younger root, leaf, and fruit tissues than in older tissues. hypocotyls and epicotyls show higher accumulation of pmeu1 transcripts compared with cotyledons. pmeu1 represents a single-copy gene in the tomato genome. comparison of the deduced amino ... | 1997 | 9276962 |
| in situ localization of the putative movement protein (pr17) from potato leafroll luteovirus (plrv) in infected and transgenic potato plants. | the potato leafroll virus (plrv) 17-kda protein (pr17), the putative movement protein for this phloem-limited luteovirus, was localized on ultrathin sections of leaves from plrv-infected and transgenic potato plants. the transgenic plants expressed the entire viral genome from a full-length cdna copy (plrvfl) or only the gene encoding pr17 (orf4) under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter. virus-infected and plrvfl-transgenic plants developed symptoms typical of virus infecti ... | 1997 | 9281511 |
| strawberry vein banding virus--definitive member of the genus caulimovirus. | the complete dna sequence (7876 nucleotides) of strawberry vein banding virus (svbv) has been determined. seven open reading frames are detected that potentially code for proteins of calculated weight 37.8; 18.3; 16.6; 56.0; 81.1; 59.0 and 12.6 kda, respectively. their position on the viral genome is the same as that of the corresponding proteins on the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) genome. phylogenetic analysis based on the amino acid sequence of this protein shows a closer relationship of sv ... | 1998 | 9654684 |
| light-responsive elements of the tobacco psi-d gene are located both upstream and within the transcribed region. | psadb is a nuclear gene encoding the ferredoxin-binding subunit of photosystem i in nicotiana sylvestris. the organization of the light-responsive cis-elements of psadb was studied using transgenic tobacco plants. three types of psadb chimeric constructs were created: (1) a 5' upstream fragment of psadb transcriptionally fused with the beta-glucuronidase (gus) gene, and a series of its 5' deletion derivatives, (2) the transcribed region of psadb driven by the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s ... | 1997 | 9301080 |
| a cdna clone to clover yellow vein potyvirus genome is highly infectious. | we obtained a highly infectious cdna clone of clover yellow vein virus (ciyvv). the cdna fragments, from which a full-length cdna clone was constructed, were sequenced, and the complete nucleotide sequence of c1yvv rna was determined. the viral genome is 9584 nucleotides (nt) in length excluding the poly(a) tail and contains one open reading frame (orf) encoding a large polyprotein of 3072 amino acids. the non-coding region preceding the orf is 190 nt long. the termination codon is followed by a ... | 1997 | 9311568 |
| ectopic expression of a tobacco homeobox gene, nth15, dramatically alters leaf morphology and hormone levels in transgenic tobacco. | the shoot apical meristem functions to generate the lateral organs of a plant throughout the vegetative and reproductive phases. homeobox genes play key roles in controlling such developmental programs, but their modes of action have not been well defined. here we describe isolation and biological functions of a novel tobacco homeobox gene, designated nth15 (nicotiana tabacum homeobox 15), from a tobacco shoot apex cdna library. nth15 encodes a polypeptide of 342 amino acids, its homeodomain is ... | 1997 | 9327591 |
| characterization of a gene encoding a dna-binding protein that interacts in vitro with vascular specific cis elements of the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase promoter. | a study of the expression of a bean phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (pal) promoter/beta-glucuronidase gene fusion in transgenic tobacco has shown that the pal2 promoter has a modular organization. expression of the pal2 promoter in the vascular system involves positive and negative regulatory cis elements. among these elements is an ac-rich motif implicated in xylem expression and a suppressing cis element for phloem expression. using radiolabelled complementary oligonucleotides bearing the ac-rich ... | 1997 | 9349252 |
| light-regulated expression of the pea plastocyanin gene is mediated by elements within the transcribed region of the gene. | expression of the pea plastocyanin gene (pete) is regulated by light in both pea and transgenic tobacco plants. however, the pete promoter with the 5' untranslated leader region does not direct light-regulated expression of the gus reporter gene in transgenic tobacco. this suggested that sequences downstream of the translation start of the pete gene are required for light-regulated expression. to investigate this possibility the expression of a series of chimeric gene constructs in transgenic to ... | 1997 | 9351238 |
| cytosine methylation at cg and cng sites is not a prerequisite for the initiation of transcriptional gene silencing in plants, but it is required for its maintenance. | transgenes integrated into plant chromosomes, and/or endogenous plant genes, may be subjected to epigenetic silencing at the transcriptional or post-transcriptional level. transcriptional inactivation is correlated with hypermethylation of cg/cng sites at the silent loci. it is not known whether local hypermethylation is part of the inactivation process, or just an outcome of the silent state. to address this issue, we generated transgenic tobacco lines containing a selectable marker gene contro ... | 1998 | 9747712 |
| processing of a chimeric protein in chloroplasts is different in transgenic maize and tobacco plants. | transgenic maize (zea mays l.) and tobacco (nicotiana tabacum petit havana sr1) plants have been generated, which overproduce a mitochondrial nicotiana plumbaginifolia manganese superoxide dismutase (mnsod) in chloroplasts. for this, the mature mnsod-coding sequence was fused to a chloroplast transit peptide from a pisum sativum ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (rubisco) gene and expression of the chimeric gene was driven by the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter. the transgenic m ... | 1998 | 9747856 |
| the open reading frame iii product of cauliflower mosaic virus forms a tetramer through a n-terminal coiled-coil. | the open reading frame iii product of cauliflower mosaic virus is a protein of 15 kda (p15) that is essential for the virus life cycle. it was shown that the 34 n-terminal amino acids are sufficient to support protein-protein interaction with the full-length p15 in the yeast two-hybrid system. a corresponding peptide was synthesized and a recombinant p15 was expressed in escherichia coli and purified. circular dichroism spectroscopy showed that the peptide and the full-length protein can assume ... | 1998 | 9786907 |
| tag1 is an autonomous transposable element that shows somatic excision in both arabidopsis and tobacco. | tag1 is a transposable element first identified as an insertion in the chl1 gene of arabidopsis. the chl1::tag1 mutant originated from a plant (ecotype landsberg erecta) that had been transformed with the maize transposon activator (ac), which is distantly related to tag1. genomic analysis of untransformed landsberg erecta plants demonstrated that two identical tag1 elements are present in the landsberg erecta genome. to determine what provides transposase function for tag1 transposition, we exa ... | 1997 | 9368414 |
| high-efficiency transformation of arabidopsis thaliana with a selectable marker gene regulated by the t-dna 1' promoter. | two selectable marker genes harbouring the bar coding region but differing in their promoters were compared in an arabidopsis thaliana transformation assay using in planta infiltration with agrobacterium tumefaciens. surprisingly, in four arabidopsis ecotypes examined, the 1' promoter from the right t-dna was superior to the most commonly used 35s promoter of cauliflower mosaic virus (camv). the ecotype wassilewskija gave the highest transformation frequencies, with an average of between 5.3 and ... | 1997 | 9375405 |
| heat treatment results in a loss of transgene-encoded activities in several tobacco lines. | heat treatment (37 degrees c) of transgenic tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) plants led to a reversible reduction or complete loss of transgene-encoded activities in about 40% of 10 independent transformants carrying the luciferase-coding region fused to the 355 cauliflower mosaic virus or the soybean small subunit promoter and the nopaline synthase promoter driving the neomycin phosphotransferase gene, whereas the other lines had temperature-tolerant activities. temperature sensitivity or tolerance ... | 1997 | 9390430 |
| sequence homology requirements for transcriptional silencing of 35s transgenes and post-transcriptional silencing of nitrite reductase (trans)genes by the tobacco 271 locus. | the transgene locus of the tobacco plant 271 (271 locus) is located on a telomere and consists of multiple copies of a plasmid carrying an nptii marker gene driven by the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 19s promoter and the leaf-specific nitrite reductase nii1 cdna cloned in the antisense orientation under the control of the camv 35s promoter. previous analysis of gene expression in leaves has shown that this locus triggers both post-transcriptional silencing of the host leaf-specific nii genes ... | 1996 | 9002606 |
| 35s promoter-driven cdnas of barley mild mosaic virus rna1 and rna2 are infectious on barley plants. | full-length cdnas of barley mild mosaic bymovirus rna1 and rna2 were cloned downstream of a modified cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter with double enhancer. mechanical inoculation of barley seedlings with a mixture of both cdnas resulted in systemic mosaic symptoms, typical of barley mild mosaic virus infection. the presence of both rna species and their gene products in the systemically infected leaves was demonstrated by rt-pcr and western blot analyses, respectively. virions were detected ... | 1997 | 9400963 |
| cadmium resistance in transgenic tobacco plants expressing the nicotiana glutinosa l. metallothionein-like gene. | to understand the function of metallothioneins (mts) in plants, we introduced the nicotiana glutinosa mt gene into tobacco (n. tabacum) plants via an agrobacterium mediated transformation. full-length mt cdna was fused between the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s (camv 35s) promoter and the nopaline synthase (nos) terminator of the pmbp1 binary vector in sense orientation. tobacco leaf discs which were cocultivated with agrobacterium carrying the chimeric mt gene, formed kanamycin-resistant shoots o ... | 1998 | 9895119 |
| overexpression of a soybean gene encoding cytosolic glutamine synthetase in shoots of transgenic lotus corniculatus l. plants triggers changes in ammonium assimilation and plant development. | a soybean cytosolic glutamine synthetase gene (gs15) was fused with the constitutive 35s cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) promoter in order to direct overexpression in lotus corniculatus l. plants. following transformation with agrobacterium rhizogenes, eight independent lotus transformants were obtained which synthesized additional cytosolic glutamine synthetase (gs) in the shoots. to eliminate any interference caused by the t-dna from the ri plasmid, three primary transformants were crossed wit ... | 1997 | 9151446 |
| processing of preproricin in transgenic tobacco. | the plant protein toxin ricin has found widespread application as a potential therapeutic agent for many human diseases and in disease-model systems such as those involving apoptosis. genetic engineering and expression of the complete two-polypeptide chain toxin have only been possible in plants, specifically in transgenic tobacco carrying the preproricin gene under the control the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter. production of modified ricin for altered controllable activity and/or fusion ... | 1999 | 10049674 |
| immunization with potato plants expressing vp60 protein protects against rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus. | the major structural protein vp60 of rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (rhdv) has been produced in transgenic potato plants under the control of a cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter or a modified 35s promoter that included two copies of a strong transcriptional enhancer. both types of promoters allowed the production of specific mrnas and detectable levels of recombinant vp60, which were higher for the constructs carrying the modified 35s promoter. rabbits immunized with leaf extracts from pla ... | 1999 | 10196345 |
| stable expression of human beta1,4-galactosyltransferase in plant cells modifies n-linked glycosylation patterns. | beta1,4-galactosyltransferase (udp galactose: beta-n-acetylglucosaminide: beta1,4-galactosyltransferase; ec 2.4.1. 22) catalyzes the transfer of galactose from udp-gal to n-acetylglucosamine in the penultimate stages of the terminal glycosylation of n-linked complex oligosaccharides in mammalian cells. tobacco by2 cells lack this golgi enzyme. to determine to what extent the production of a mammalian glycosyltransferase can alter the glycosylation pathway of plant cells, tobacco by2 suspension-c ... | 1999 | 10200324 |
| silencing of transgenes introduced into leaves by agroinfiltration: a simple, rapid method for investigating sequence requirements for gene silencing. | agroinfiltration--the infiltration of agrobacterium tumefaciens into intact plant levels--provides a rapid and simple way of screening large numbers of transgene constructs for silencing in response to a resident transgene. transgenic nicotiana sylvestris plants homozygous for the tobacco class i chitinase a gene chn48 under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s rna promoter (p35s) show a high incidence of postranscriptional gene silencing. we forced suspensions of a. tumefaciens, carr ... | 1997 | 9413443 |
| trafficking of wheat gluten proteins in transgenic tobacco plants: gamma-gliadin does not contain an endoplasmic reticulum-retention signal. | wild-type and mutated forms of the wheat (triticum aestivum l.) storage protein gamma-gliadin were expressed in transgenic tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l. cv. nvs) under the control of the 35s cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) promoter in order to determine what, if any, endogenous targeting signals are present in the wild-type gamma-gliadin protein. the mutant forms of the protein were modified by the addition of a kdel or hdel c-terminal endoplasmic reticulum-retention signal, or the addition of a ... | 1997 | 9421932 |
| regulation of camv 35 s rna translation is mediated by a stable hairpin in the leader. | the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35 s rna functions as both messenger and pregenomic rna under the control of its 600-nt leader, which contains regulatory elements involved in splicing, polyadenylation, translation, reverse transcription, and packaging. we have recently documented that the 35 s rna leader adopts an elongated hairpin conformation and additional higher-order structures, a long-range pseudoknot and a dimer. alternative structures might coexist, probably fulfilling specialized fu ... | 1998 | 9436912 |
| polypeptides of hepatitis b surface antigen produced in transgenic potato. | chimeric genes containing the genomic fragments of hepatitis b virus (hbv) coding for middle (m) and major/small (s) surface proteins were constructed and expressed in transgenic potato plants under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter. enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) revealed the presence of hbv surface antigen (hbsag) determinants in extracts from transgenic plants carrying both constructions, the pre-s2 determinant was identified using the corresponding monoclona ... | 1997 | 9185855 |
| nonlinear ribosome migration on cauliflower mosaic virus 35s rna in transgenic tobacco plants. | cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) uses a specialised translation mechanism to bypass the long leader sequence of the 35s rna. the effect of the camv 35s rna leader sequence on the expression of a downstream beta-glucuronidase (gus) reporter gene was studied in transgenic tobacco plants. enzymatic gus assays of these transgenic plants show that a shunt mechanism of translation indeed occurs in planta with an average efficiency of 5% compared with the leaderless construct. histological gus analyses ... | 1998 | 9514980 |
| expression of a defense-related 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coa reductase gene in response to parasitization by orobanche spp. | orobanche spp. are angiosperms that live parasitically on the roots of other plants, and are capable of significantly reducing the yield and quality of their crop hosts. we have demonstrated that parasitization by orobanche induces expression of hmg2, a defense-related isogene of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coa reductase (hmgr) in tobacco. transgenic tobacco plants expressing a construct containing 2.3 kb of the tomato hmg2 gene promoter fused to the beta-glucuronidase (gus) reporter gene were pa ... | 1998 | 9612951 |
| the myristylation motif of pto is not required for disease resistance. | the tomato pto kinase confers resistance to bacterial speck disease caused by strains of pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato that express the avirulence gene avrpto. pto contains a putative myristylation site at its amino terminus that was hypothesized to play a role in localizing pto in the plant cell. site-directed mutagenesis was used to change the invariant glycine residue in the myristylation motif to an alanine. transgenes encoding the mutant pto(g2a) and wild-type pto were placed behind the c ... | 1998 | 9612955 |
| maize streak virus coat protein is karyophyllic and facilitates nuclear transport of viral dna. | transport of maize streak virus (msv) dna into the nucleus of host cells is essential for virus replication and the presence of virus particles in the nuclei of infected cells implies that coat protein (cp) must enter the nucleus. to see if cp is imported into the nucleus in the absence of other viral gene products, the msv cp gene was expressed in insect cells with a baculovirus vector system, and also in tobacco protoplasts with a cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter-driven transient g ... | 1999 | 10517029 |
| the xylose isomerase gene from thermoanaerobacterium thermosulfurogenes allows effective selection of transgenic plant cells using d-xylose as the selection agent. | the xylose isomerase gene (xyla) from thermoanaerobacterium thermosulfurogenes (formerly clostridium thermosulfurogenes) has been expressed in three plant species (potato, tobacco, and tomato) and transgenic plants have been selected on xylose-containing medium. the xylose isomerase gene was transferred to the target plant by agrobacterium-mediated transformation. the xylose isomerase gene was expressed using the enhanced cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter and the omega' translation en ... | 1998 | 9617801 |
| mitochondrial localization of a nadp-dependent [corrected] isocitrate dehydrogenase isoenzyme by using the green fluorescent protein as a marker. | in this work, we describe the isolation of a new cdna encoding an nadp-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (icdh). the nucleotide sequence in its 5' region gives a deduced amino acid sequence indicative of a targeting peptide. however, even if this cdna clearly encodes a noncytosolic icdh, it is not possible to say from the targeting peptide sequence to which subcellular compartment the protein is addressed. to respond to this question, we have transformed tobacco plants with a construct containi ... | 1998 | 9636233 |
| expression of the rabies virus glycoprotein in transgenic tomatoes. | we have engineered tomato plants (lycopersicon esculentum mill var. uc82b) to express a gene for the glycoprotein (g-protein), which coats the outer surface of the rabies virus. the recombinant constructs contained the g-protein gene from the era strain of rabies virus, including the signal peptide, under the control of the 35s promoter of cauliflower mosaic virus. plants were transformed by agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of cotyledons and tissue culture on selective media. pc ... | 1995 | 9636308 |
| the promoter of a gene encoding a polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein of phaseolus vulgaris l. is activated by wounding but not by elicitors or pathogen infection. | polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins (pgips), leucine-rich repeat (lrr) proteins evolutionarily related to several plant resistance genes, bind to and regulate the action of fungal endopolygalacturonases. in phaseolus vulgaris l., pgips are encoded by a gene family comprising at least five members. as a start for a systematic analysis of the regulation of the pgip family, we have analysed the ability of the promoter of the bean gene pgip-1 to direct expression of beta-glucuronidase (gus) in tra ... | 1998 | 9637069 |
| aphid transmission of cauliflower mosaic virus requires the viral piii protein. | the open reading frame (orf) iii product (piii) of cauliflower mosaic virus is necessary for the infection cycle but its role is poorly understood. we have used in vitro protein binding ('far western') assays to demonstrate that piii interacts with the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) orf ii product (pii), a known aphid transmission factor. aphid transmission of purified virions of the pii-defective strain cm4-184 was dependent upon added pii, but complementation was efficient only in the presenc ... | 1999 | 10601029 |
| sorbitol-6-phosphate dehydrogenase expression in transgenic tobacco. high amounts of sorbitol lead to necrotic lesions | we analyzed transgenic tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l.) expressing stpd1, a cdna encoding sorbitol-6-phosphate dehydrogenase from apple, under the control of a cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter. in 125 independent transformants variable amounts of sorbitol ranging from 0.2 to 130 &mgr;mol g-1 fresh weight were found. plants that accumulated up to 2 to 3 &mgr;mol g-1 fresh weight sorbitol were phenotypically normal, with successively slower growth as sorbitol amounts increased. plants accumulat ... | 1998 | 9662525 |
| the cauliflower mosaic virus translational transactivator interacts with the 60s ribosomal subunit protein l18 of arabidopsis thaliana. | the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) open reading frame vi product (p6) is involved in several aspects of the infectious cycle. p6 specifically controls the synthesis of other camv proteins by transactivating their expression from the polycistronic 35s rna. by far-western assays, we have demonstrated that p6 interacts with proteins from both healthy and camv-infected leaves of arabidopsis thaliana. these proteins are found in ribosome-enriched extracts, suggesting that they participate in the tra ... | 2000 | 10612654 |
| a/t-rich sequences act as quantitative enhancers of gene expression in transgenic tobacco and potato plants. | the role of an a/t-rich positive regulatory region (p268, -444 to -177 from the translation start site) of the pea plastocyanin gene (pete) promoter has been investigated in transgenic plants containing chimeric promoters fused to the beta-glucuronidase (gus) reporter gene. this region enhanced gus expression in leaves of transgenic tobacco plants when fused in either orientation to a minimal pea pete promoter (-176 to +4) and in roots when fused in either orientation upstream or downstream of a ... | 1998 | 9678583 |
| the late developmental pattern of mu transposon excision is conferred by a cauliflower mosaic virus 35s -driven mura cdna in transgenic maize. | the mudr element responsible for mutator activities in maize encodes two genes, mudra and mudrb. each encodes multiple transcripts hypothesized to regulate, directly or indirectly, the unique late timing and switch in transposition mechanism during maize development. mudra, which encodes the mura transposase, is unstable in bacterial plasmids, a technical problem solved by using phage m13 as a vector to prepare dna for biolistic transformation. in transgenic maize, a single 2.7-kb mudra cdna pre ... | 2000 | 10634904 |
| role of the tata binding protein-transcription factor iib interaction in supporting basal and activated transcription in plant cells. | the tata binding protein (tbp) and transcription factor iib (tfiib) play crucial roles in transcription of class ii genes. the requirement for tbp-tfiib interactions was evaluated in maize cells by introducing mutations into the arabidopsis tbp (attbp2) within the c-terminal stirrup. protein binding experiments indicated that amino acid residues e-144 and e-146 of attbp2 are both essential for tfiib binding in vitro. activation domains derived from herpes simplex viral protein vp16, the drosophi ... | 2000 | 10634912 |
| lotus corniculatus nodulation specificity is changed by the presence of a soybean lectin gene | plant lectins have been implicated as playing an important role in mediating recognition and specificity in the rhizobium-legume nitrogen-fixing symbiosis. to test this hypothesis, we introduced the soybean lectin gene le1 either behind its own promoter or behind the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter into lotus corniculatus, which is nodulated by r. loti. we found that nodulelike outgrowths developed on transgenic l. corniculatus plant roots in response to bradyrhizobium japonicum, which nod ... | 1998 | 9707526 |
| expression of the yeast fre genes in transgenic tobacco. | two yeast genes, fre1 and fre2 (encoding fe(iii) reductases) were placed under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter and introduced into tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l.) via agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. homozygous lines containing fre1, fre2, or fre1 plus fre2 were generated. northern-blot analyses revealed mrna of two different sizes in fre1 lines, whereas all fre2 lines had mrna only of the expected length. fe(iii) reduction, chlorophyll contents, and fe ... | 1998 | 9733525 |
| expression of human alpha-lactalbumin in transgenic tobacco. | alphala-lactalbumin (alphala), a major milk protein, is the regulatory subunit of lactose synthase. to assess the production of recombinant alphala in plants, the cdnas for human alphala with or without its own signal sequence were introduced into tobacco plants under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter. the gene integration and expression at the mrna level were confirmed in several regenerated plants, while the expression at the protein level could be confirmed only in a tr ... | 1998 | 9538226 |
| overexpression of nitrate reductase in tobacco delays drought-induced decreases in nitrate reductase activity and mrna | transformed (cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter [35s]) tobacco (nicotiana plumbaginifolia l.) plants constitutively expressing nitrate reductase (nr) and untransformed controls were subjected to drought for 5 d. drought-induced changes in biomass accumulation and photosynthesis were comparable in both lines of plants. after 4 d of water deprivation, a large increase in the ratio of shoot dry weight to fresh weight was observed, together with a decrease in the rate of photosynthetic co2 assimi ... | 1998 | 9576799 |
| the h+-sucrose cotransporter ntsut1 is essential for sugar export from tobacco leaves | in many species translocation of sucrose from the mesophyll to the phloem is carrier mediated. a sucrose/h+-symporter cdna, ntsut1, was isolated from tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) and shown to be highly expressed in mature leaves and at low levels in other tissues, including floral organs. to study the in vivo function of ntsut1, tobacco plants were transformed with a sut1 antisense construct under control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter. upon maturation, leaves of transformants expre ... | 1998 | 9733526 |
| expression of immunogenic glycoprotein s polypeptides from transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus in transgenic plants. | the use of transgenic plants as vaccine production systems was described recently. we report on the immunological response elicited by two recombinant versions of the glycoprotein s from the swine-transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus (tgev) expressed in transgenic plants. arabidoposis plants were genetically transformed with cdnas constructs encoding either the n-terminal domain (amino acid residues 1-750) or the full-length glycoprotein s of tgev, responsible for the neutralizing antibody ... | 1998 | 9791026 |
| a tobacco homologue of the ri-plasmid orf13 gene causes cell proliferation in carrot root discs. | the tobacco genome contains genes, called cellular rol (c-rol) genes, that are very similar in sequence to genes present in the t-dna of the agrobacterium rhizogenes ri-plasmid. we have cloned two homologues (torf13-1 and torf13-2) of the ri-plasmid orf13 gene from nicotiana tabacum l. cv. havana 425. the clone torf13-1 has a 594-bp open reading frame (orf) which is similar in sequence (77-82% for dna and 67-77% for the deduced amino acid sequence) to orf13 genes of the agropine, mikimopine, and ... | 1998 | 9819048 |
| enhancement of the tolerance of arabidopsis to high temperatures by genetic engineering of the synthesis of glycinebetaine. | arabidopsis thaliana was transformed with the coda gene for choline oxidase from arthrobacter globiformis under control of the 35s rna promoter of cauliflower mosaic virus. as a result, high levels of glycinebetaine accumulated in the seeds of transformed plants. transformation with the coda gene significantly enhanced the tolerance to high temperatures during the imbibition and germination of seeds, as well as during growth of young seedlings. the extent of enhancement of the tolerance to high ... | 1998 | 9839462 |
| overexpression of pto activates defense responses and confers broad resistance. | the tomato disease resistance (r) gene pto specifies race-specific resistance to the bacterial pathogen pseudomonas syringae pv tomato carrying the avrpto gene. pto encodes a serine/threonine protein kinase that is postulated to be activated by a physical interaction with the avrpto protein. here, we report that overexpression of pto in tomato activates defense responses in the absence of the pto-avrpto interaction. leaves of three transgenic tomato lines carrying the cauliflower mosaic virus 35 ... | 1999 | 9878629 |
| a conserved acidic motif in the n-terminal domain of nitrate reductase is necessary for the inactivation of the enzyme in the dark by phosphorylation and 14-3-3 binding. | it has previously been shown that the n-terminal domain of tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) nitrate reductase (nr) is involved in the inactivation of the enzyme by phosphorylation, which occurs in the dark (l. nussaume, m. vincentz, c. meyer, j.p. boutin, and m. caboche [1995] plant cell 7: 611-621). the activity of a mutant nr protein lacking this n-terminal domain was no longer regulated by light-dark transitions. in this study smaller deletions were performed in the n-terminal domain of tobacco nr ... | 1999 | 9880364 |
| activation of systemic acquired silencing by localised introduction of dna. | in plants, post-transcriptional gene silencing results in rna degradation after transcription. among tobacco transformants carrying a nitrate reductase (nia) construct under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter (35s-nia2), one class of transformants spontaneously triggers nia post-transcriptional gene silencing (class ii) whereas another class does not (class i). non-silenced plants of both classes become silenced when grafted onto silenced stocks, indicating the existence of ... | 1999 | 10021363 |
| a promoter from sugarcane bacilliform badnavirus drives transgene expression in banana and other monocot and dicot plants. | a 1369 bp dna fragment (sc) was isolated from a full-length clone of sugarcane bacilliform badnavirus (scbv) and was shown to have promoter activity in transient expression assays using monocot (banana, maize, millet and sorghum) and dicot plant species (tobacco, sunflower, canola and nicotiana benthamiana). this promoter was also tested for stable expression in transgenic banana and tobacco plants. these experiments showed that this promoter could drive high-level expression of the beta-glucuro ... | 1999 | 10380808 |
| a g-box element from the catharanthus roseus strictosidine synthase (str) gene promoter confers seed-specific expression in transgenic tobacco plants. | the enzyme encoded by the strictosidine synthase (str) gene from catharanthus roseus catalyses a key step in the biosynthesis of the pharmaceutically important terpenoid indole alkaloids. str cdna and genomic clones have already been isolated, allowing us to study the regulation of str gene expression. here we focus on the role of a putative cis-acting element, cacgtg, in the str promoter. this sequence is known as a g-box, and functions as a transcription-regulating sequence in a number of othe ... | 1999 | 10394900 |
| technical advance: transcriptional activator tgv mediates dexamethasone-inducible and tetracycline-inactivatable gene expression | a chemically regulated gene expression system that can be switched on with dexamethasone and switched off with tetracycline was constructed. it is based on a transcriptional activator (tgv) that consists of the tn10 encoded tet repressor, the rat glucocorticoid receptor hormone binding domain and the transcriptional activation domain of herpes simplex virion protein vp16. when stably expressed in transgenic tobacco plants, it mediates dexamethasone-inducible transcription from a synthetic promot ... | 1999 | 10417730 |
| rapid delivery of foreign genes into plants by direct rub-inoculation with intact plasmid dna of a tomato bushy stunt virus gene vector. | tomato bushy stunt virus (tbsv) cdna, positioned between a modified cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter and the hepatitis delta virus antigenomic ribozyme with a downstream nopaline synthase gene polyadenylation signal, established infections upon rub-inoculation of plants with intact plasmids. application of this methodology produced a tbsv dna-based gene vector which yielded readily detectable levels of localized foreign gene expression in inoculated leaves. this is the first demonstration o ... | 1999 | 10438874 |