| [prevalence of the antibody against human polyoma viruses (jcv and bkv) in aged persons]. | jc virus (jcv) and bk virus (bkv) are known as small dna type tumor viruses belonging to the human polyoma virus. the infectious state of these viruses has not yet been examined extensively in the aged persons; therefore, antibody measurements were made in 349 healthy volunteers from 20 to 90 years old and 383 cases of in-patients from 60 to 100 years old. as controls, measurements were made on the antibody titers to the herpes-type viruses which are known to be reactivated as the immunologic st ... | 1990 | 1963630 |
| surface antigens on hamster cells transformed by sv40, bk virus and jc virus. | we studied the surface antigens on hamster cells transformed by sv40, bk and jc viruses using a complement-dependent cytotoxicity test. antiserum was obtained from guinea pigs immunized with an sv40-transformed hamster cell line, and used after appropriate absorption with a range of cell types. the cell lines transformed by these viruses were all found to possess the following surface antigens: 1) a unique set of organ antigens, 2) fetal antigen(s), and 3) an antigen tentatively named primate po ... | 1987 | 2453689 |
| progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (pml) in aids and in the pre-aids era. a neuropathological comparison using immunocytochemistry and in situ dna hybridization for virus detection. | twenty-five brains with definite, and three brains with possible, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (pml), including six brains of aids patients, were studied with special regard to the detection of papovaviruses. formalin-fixed serial paraffin sections were immunostained with monospecific anti-jc virus (jcv) and genus-specific anti-simian virus (sv) 40 antisera, and hybridized in situ with dna probes for jcv and sv 40, respectively. immunocytochemistry (icc) and in situ hybridization ( ... | 1990 | 2173328 |
| progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus, san francisco, 1981-1989. | progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (pml), a rare neurological disease, has been sporadically reported in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), the causative agent of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids). from january 1981 through february 1989, in san francisco, we identified 94 hiv-infected persons with pml, of whom 48 (51%) were pathologically confirmed (as required for aids case reporting). these 48 patients were significantly older when diagnosed with aids ( ... | 1991 | 1665053 |
| identification of critical elements within the jc virus dna replication origin. | the t antigen of jc virus (jcv) does not interact productively with the simian virus 40 (sv40) origin of replication. in contrast, the sv40 t antigen does drive replication from the jcv origin as well as from its own. the basis for this restricted interaction was investigated by analyzing the structure of the jcv replication origin. the replication activities of jcv-sv40 hybrid origin plasmids were tested in cells constitutively producing either the jcv or sv40 t antigen. results indicated that ... | 1990 | 2173768 |
| regulation of a human neurotropic virus promoter, jcve: identification of a novel activator domain located upstream from the 98 bp enhancer promoter region. | transcription of the human neurotropic virus promoter, jcve, and its regulation in glial cells are controlled by the 98 bp tandem repeats positioned between the viral early and late genes. here, we show that a region, designated domain-d, located upstream from the 98 bp repeats functions as a transcriptional activator and increases jcve promoter activity. using the reporter sv40e promoter fused to the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) gene, we demonstrate that domain-d stimulates ... | 1990 | 2175435 |
| four major sequence elements of simian virus 40 large t antigen coordinate its specific and nonspecific dna binding. | by mutational analysis, we have identified a motif critical to the proper recognition and binding of simian virus 40 large tumor antigen (t antigen) to virus dna sequences at the origin of dna replication. this motif is tripartite and consists of two elements (termed a1 and b2) that are necessary for sequence-specific binding of the origin and a central element (b1) which is required for nonspecific dna-binding activity. certain amino acids in elements a1 (residues 152 to 155) and b2 (203 to 207 ... | 1990 | 2157865 |
| trans-activation of the jc virus late promoter by the tat protein of type 1 human immunodeficiency virus in glial cells. | progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (pml) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system caused by the jc virus (jcv), a human papovavirus. pml is a relatively rare disease seen predominantly in immunocompromised individuals and is a frequent complication observed in aids patients. the significantly higher incidence of pml in aids patients than in other immunosuppressive disorders has suggested that the presence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) in the brain may dir ... | 1990 | 2159152 |
| isolation of a possible archetypal jc virus dna sequence from nonimmunocompromised individuals. | we molecularly cloned jc polyomavirus dnas from urine samples of eight nonimmunosuppressed patients and two healthy individuals. the cloned viral dnas all contained an archetypal regulatory sequence from which various regulatory sequences of jc polyomavirus isolates derived from patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy could have evolved by deletion and amplification. | 1990 | 2159570 |
| high incidence of urinary jc virus excretion in nonimmunosuppressed older patients. | urine specimens from 120 patients attending urologic clinics were screened by blot hybridization for the presence of a polyomavirus dna. detected viral dna was then identified as bk or jc by fine restriction enzyme analysis. bk and jc viral dna was found in 5 (4%) and 35 (29%) patients, respectively. detection rates were compared among three age groups: 0-29, 30-59, and 60-89 years. detection of jc viral dna increased with age and reached the highest value (45%) in the group aged 60-89 years. fo ... | 1990 | 2161040 |
| [encephalopathy in a patient with a long-term hemodialysis]. | | 1990 | 2176176 |
| severe encephalitis resulting from coinfections with hiv and jc virus. | we observed 3 cases of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (pml) among frozen cns samples obtained at autopsy from 102 adult aids patients. in 2 patients, pml was associated with severe hiv encephalitis. in those 2 cases, the areas of extensive jc-induced demyelination were massively infiltrated by hiv infected macrophages/microglial cells with evidence for localized increase of hiv encephalitis in pml lesions. using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization, we demonstrated that eac ... | 1990 | 2161093 |
| regulation of the human neurotropic virus promoter by jcv-t antigen and hiv-1 tat protein. | we compared the ability of hiv-1 tat protein and jcv t-antigen in inducing transcription from the jcv late promoter, jcvl. a jcvl promoter-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase plasmid (pjcl-cat) was transfected into human glial cells alone or together with plasmids producing t-antigen and tat protein. cat enzyme activity obtained from the transfected cells indicated that both jcv t-antigen and hiv-1 tat proteins stimulated jcv late gene expression. however, the level of induction mediated by tat pr ... | 1990 | 2178236 |
| human immunodeficiency virus-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: apparent response to 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine. | we present the case of a 26-year-old human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive man who developed progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy as the initial manifestation of aids. he appears to have responded dramatically to therapy with 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (azt). his neurologic status deteriorated shortly after an azt dose reduction. he has stabilized since resuming his previous azt dose. although it remains unclear whether azt is useful in the treatment of jc virus infection, we think tha ... | 1990 | 2359908 |
| aids-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (pml): comparison to non-aids pml with in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. | we studied brain sections from 10 patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (pml) by in situ hybridization with a biotin-labeled jc virus (jcv) dna probe and by immunohistochemistry using antibody against the jcv capsid antigen. we compared the results with brain sections studied in the same fashion from 10 pml patients without aids. the pathology of jcv infection in aids was similar to non-aids pml except for minor differences in ... | 1990 | 2162500 |
| [simultaneous in situ detection of jc virus antigens and rna in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (pml) by immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization]. | we detected simultaneously jc virus (jcv) antigen and rna in the frozen brain tissue from a patient with pml using immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization. histologically, the majority of jcv antigen positive cells were mainly located at the margin of demyelinated lesions. by simultaneous in situ detection of jcv antigen and rna, the percentage of both jcv antigen and rna positive cells in total number cells were 20 in the periplaque region and 2.3 in the central region of plaque respectiv ... | 1990 | 2163786 |
| a nuclear protein derived from brain cells stimulates transcription of the human neurotropic virus promoter, jcve, in vitro. | the 98-base pair enhancer/promoter sequence is critical for cell type-specific transcription of the human neurotropic viral promoter, jcve, in glial cells. transcriptionally active extracts were prepared from glial cells and used to identify cis- and trans-acting regulatory elements that are involved in the glial-specific activation of the jcve promoter. results indicate that multiple regulatory sequences within the 98-base pair repeat specifically bind to nuclear proteins present in glial cells ... | 1990 | 2166044 |
| a new transcription element in the jc virus enhancer. | the enhancer of jc virus restricts its gene expression to the brain. in a previous study, we demonstrated an enhancer element, nuclear factor i (nfi) motif, in the middle of the enhancer. here, we demonstrate that the nfi motif is a tissue-specific element. we further present a new tissue-specific element, saci motif, just upstream from the nfi motif. these motifs showed transcriptional enhancement both in vitro and in vivo and acted upon a heterologous adenovirus major late promoter. dnase i fo ... | 1990 | 2167938 |
| detection of jc virus dna by polymerase chain reaction in patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. | polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was used in the detection of jc virus (jcv) dna in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded brain tissue sections from 24 patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. brain sections from normal autopsies (n = 17) and other neurologic conditions (n = 4) were used as controls. specific amplified products were detected in 20 (83%) of 24 patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. pcr did not amplify jcv or human beta-globin gene sequences in four ... | 1990 | 2169500 |
| a comparison of bkv, jcv, and sv 40 transcriptional enhancers in primate cells. application of the two-phase partition assay for chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (cat). | the activities of the transcriptional enhancers of the prototype human polyomaviruses, bkv (dun) and jcv (mad-1), were compared with that of the rhesus virus sv 40 in old world african green monkey kidney cells (cv-1) and in new world owl monkey kidney cells (omk). enhancer activities were tested in cat-expression plasmids. cat activity in transfected cell extracts were measured by the novel two-phase partition assay. the activities of the bkv and jcv enhancers were 45% and 20% that of sv 40, re ... | 1990 | 2171455 |
| mutagenic activity of bkv and jcv in human and other mammalian cells. | we present data suggesting that human polyomaviruses bkv and jcv, widely distributed throughout human populations, are able to induce gene mutations in cultured cells. in this study, using different infecting agents, cell lines to be infected, mutation expression periods, and selection systems, we observed mutagenic effects of varying extent with values of spontaneous mutant frequencies being increased after bkv infection up to 100-fold in bhk cells (6-thioguanine resistance) and nearly 35-fold ... | 1990 | 2171458 |
| [pathology of the internal organs and central nervous system in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (with special reference to opportunistic infections)]. | extracerebral and cerebral pathology in aids (with particular emphasis on the opportunistic infections). the authors present the extracerebral pathology of 27 cases of aids observed at the department of pathology of milan and the cerebral pathology of 80 cases of aids collected by three institutes (department of pathology of milan, department of pathology of rimini and department of neuropathology of münster) with particular emphasis on the pathology of the opportunistic infections. in the adult ... | 1990 | 2362784 |
| early regions of jc virus and bk virus induce distinct and tissue-specific tumors in transgenic mice. | jc virus and bk virus are ubiquitous human viruses that share sequence and structural homology with simian virus 40. to characterize tissue-specific expression of these viruses and to establish model systems for the study of human viral-induced disease, transgenic mice containing early regions of each of the viruses were produced. the viral sequences induced tumors in a distinct and tissue-specific manner that was similar to their tissue tropism in humans. ten jc virus-containing founder mice we ... | 1986 | 2430282 |
| trans-activation of the human immunodeficiency virus long terminal repeat sequence by dna viruses. | to investigate whether dna viruses can augment gene expression of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), cotransfection experiments were carried out in which a recombinant plasmid containing the hiv long terminal repeat (ltr) linked to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) gene was transfected into cultured cells along with plasmids containing dna from various distinct classes of dna viruses. molecular clones containing jc virus, bk virus, lymphotropic papovavirus, bovine papilloma virus, ... | 1986 | 2432602 |
| inhibition of binding of hamster antibody to myelin basic protein by a synthetic triproline-containing peptide from jc virus t-antigen. | antisera raised against porcine myelin basic protein (mbp) in syrian hamsters were assayed by an elisa method. the specificity of a high-titered antiserum was probed with synthetic peptides representing a hexapeptide and a decapeptide of the jc virus (jcv) large t-antigen c-terminus which is homologous to the mbp triproline region, a decapeptide from mbp which is encephalitogenic in guinea pigs, and peptides unrelated to mbp, i.e., substance p and poly-l-lysine. in an elisa inhibition assay, pre ... | 1986 | 2439449 |
| organization and expression of the human myelin basic protein gene. | the human brain contains four isoforms of myelin basic protein (mbp), previously identified by cdna cloning. we have now isolated and characterized genomic clones encoding the human mbp gene. the gene is 45 kb in extent and consists of seven exons. alternative splicing of the primary mbp transcript can account for all four human mbp isoforms. the intron-exon boundaries of the gene have also been determined, and all conform to the known consensus splice sequences. these sequences, however, do not ... | 1988 | 2464072 |
| cell type-specific expression of jc virus early promoter is determined by positive and negative regulation. | we analyzed control sequences of the human papovavirus jc virus (jcv) to define the cis-acting elements that regulate specific expression of the viral early region genes in glial cells. nuclear run-on transcription, s1 analysis, and chloramphenicol acetyltransferase enzyme activity in a transient transfection assay established that the cell type-specific expression of jcv early genes is determined at the transcriptional level. using dnase footprinting analysis of nuclear proteins prepared from g ... | 1989 | 2535750 |
| hybrid genomes of the polyomaviruses jc virus, bk virus, and simian virus 40: identification of sequences important for efficient transformation. | hybrid viral genomes were used to investigate the influence of specific polyomavirus sequences on the transforming behavior of jc virus (jcv). one set of chimeric dnas was made by exchanging the regulatory regions between jcv and simian virus 40 (sv40) or jcv and bk virus (bkv). a second set of constructs was produced that expressed hybrid jcv-bkv t proteins under the control of either jcv or bkv regulatory signals. transformation of rat 2 cells with the parental and chimeric dnas indicated that ... | 1989 | 2536108 |
| diagnosis of progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy by hybridisation techniques. | in situ hybridisation with acetyl-aminofluorene (aaf) and 35s-labelled dna probes for polyomaviruses, was used to detect jc virus dna in brain necropsy material in a patient with progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy (pml). in a second patient pml was diagnosed from a brain necropsy specimen using the same technique. the main infected cell type were oligodendrocytes; dot hybridisation was used to estimate the number of viral copies in each infected cell. southern blot hybridisation for furt ... | 1989 | 2537857 |
| jc virus genomes in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: detection using a sensitive non-radioisotopic in situ hybridization method. | jc virus genomes have been localized in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded brain tissues of two cases of known progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy by in situ hybridization utilizing a biotinylated jc virus dna probe. a three-stage immunoperoxidase system with gold-silver amplification of the diaminobenzidine substrate was used to visualize biotinylated nucleic acid hybrids. dot-blot quantification of this visualization system indicates that subpicogramme amounts of biotinylated dna can be ... | 1989 | 2537894 |
| jc virus-simian virus 40 genomes containing heterologous regulatory signals and chimeric early regions: identification of regions restricting transformation by jc virus. | the papovavirus jc virus (jcv) is highly oncogenic in experimental animals but, unlike simian virus 40 (sv40), is severely restricted in its ability to transform cells in culture. we exploited the close genetic relatedness of these two viruses to delimit region(s) of the t protein which can restrict transforming activity. novel chimeric genomes were produced by exchanging various segments of the jcv and sv40 t-protein-coding regions. these dna constructs specified early proteins with in-frame su ... | 1989 | 2539511 |
| interaction of a nuclear factor-1-like protein with the regulatory region of the human polyomavirus jc virus. | we have initiated a study to identify host proteins which interact with the regulatory region of the human polyomavirus jc (jcv), which is associated with the demyelinating disease, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. we examined the interaction of nuclear proteins prepared from different cell lines with the jcv regulatory region by dna binding gel retardation assays. binding was detected with nuclear extracts prepared from human fetal glial cells, glioma cells, and hela cells. little or ... | 1989 | 2540170 |
| the identification of cells containing jc papovavirus dna in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy by combined in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry. | a double-labelling technique combining in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry is described which was used to characterize cells in the central nervous system containing jc virus dna in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from four cases of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. all four cases showed positive nuclear labelling for jc virus in both oligodendrocytes and astrocytes. the latter gave a strongly positive cytoplasmic staining reaction using antibodies to glial fibrilla ... | 1989 | 2541238 |
| host range bias of the jc virus mutant enhancer with dna rearrangement. | jc-hek, a jc virus (jcv) host range mutant adapted to growth in human embryonic kidney cells (hek), has dna rearrangement in the control region for early transcription. the 822-bp rearranged segment of jc-hek (containing one authentic promoter-enhancer unit of 98 bp and truncated coding region of t-antigen and vp-1 genes) was inserted into psv0cat vector and examined for expression of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat). the cat activity induced by the mutant was comparable to that by the sv ... | 1989 | 2541539 |
| regulation of jcvl promoter function: transactivation of jcvl promoter by jcv and sv40 early proteins. | to better understand the basis of cell type specificity of jcv replication, we have analyzed the expression of the viral late promoter in glial cells. using transient transfection procedures, we show that the late gene expression, like that of the early gene, is restricted to glial cells. however, cotransfection with a plasmid producing the jcv early protein, t-antigen, stimulates expression from the jcv late promoter in both glial and non-glial cells. the sv40-encoded t-antigen acts similarly o ... | 1989 | 2541545 |
| extension of jc virus host range to monkey cells by insertion of a simian virus 40 enhancer into the jc virus regulatory region. | a chimeric polyomavirus genome was constructed by inserting the 72- and the 21-bp repeats of simian virus 40 (sv40) into the jc virus (jcv) regulatory region on the late side of the jcv 98-bp repeats. although the chimeric polyomavirus dna was able to replicate very well in human fetal glial cells, deletions were found in sequences of the regulatory region. dna sequence analysis of a selected clone indicated a 294-bp deletion from the original construction that retained the sequences for the jcv ... | 1989 | 2543122 |
| human fetal astrocytes in culture support the growth of the neurotropic human polyomavirus, jcv. | jc virus (jcv) has frequently been described as a tissue specific agent in the human population targeting the myelin producing oligodendrocyte whose destruction results in the demyelinating disease, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (pml). jc virus growth in cell culture systems has generally reflected that observation because its multiplication is most efficient in cultures derived from human fetal brain. these cultures, however, are composed of a mixed population of cells phenotypical ... | 1989 | 2543798 |
| serological typing scheme for bk-like isolates of human polyomavirus. | human polyomavirus bk-like isolates were subjected to restriction endonuclease analysis with the enzymes ecori and hind iii. end-point dilution was used to obtain homogeneous virus pools for dna analysis and to remove jc virus from a mixed stock. the results of hind iii digestion suggested that two subgroups could be distinguished. several bk-like isolates were purified and rabbit antisera raised. the isolates were compared with each other and with bk and jc viruses by haemagglutination-inhibiti ... | 1989 | 2544676 |
| the cellular 107k protein that binds to adenovirus e1a also associates with the large t antigens of sv40 and jc virus. | the association between the retinoblastoma protein (p105-rb) and either the large t antigen of sv40 or the e1a proteins of adenovirus is thought to be an important step in transformation by these viral oncogenes. e1a and large t antigen share a small region of amino acid homology that is necessary for high affinity binding with p105-rb. mutations of this homology region were shown to reduce drastically the frequency of transformation mediated by the e1a or large t oncogenes. previously, this sma ... | 1989 | 2546678 |
| progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. | progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, is caused by a polyomavirus. this opportunistic virus is demonstrable in affected brain tissue obtained by biopsy or at autopsy. the disease commonly occurs in immunocompromised patients secondary to lymphoproliferative disease, immunosuppressive therapy, autoimmune disorders and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. the prognosis is poor. | 1988 | 2837893 |
| detection of bk virus and jc virus in urine and brain tissue by the polymerase chain reaction. | dnas of the human polyomaviruses bk virus (bkv) and jc virus (jcv) were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) by using a single pair of 20-base oligonucleotide primers that were complementary to the same regions of both viruses. the sequences flanked by the primers were unique for each virus and could be differentiated by hybridization with 40-base, 32p-labeled oligonucleotide probes or by cleavage with bamhi. the dna fragments resulting from amplification of bkv and jcv were 176 and ... | 1989 | 2546971 |
| aids: neurological opportunist infections in central london. | twenty six (41%) of 64 central london cases of aids with nervous system involvement during the course of the illness had neurological opportunist infection. cytomegalovirus and toxoplasma gondii were the commonest agents in 22 cases with central nervous system (cns) infection. eight cases had herpes zoster radiculopathy. other infections included those caused by cryptococcus neoformans, mycobacterium tuberculosis and papova jc virus. prognosis was generally poor, irrespective of whether the oppo ... | 1989 | 2547063 |
| amplification and sequencing of the control regions of bk and jc virus from human urine by polymerase chain reaction. | the various strains of bkv and jcv exhibit a remarkable degree of heterogeneity in the noncoding region near the origin of dna replication. it is of great interest, therefore, to characterize the naturally occurring variants as a first step towards the attainment of an understanding of the origin and the biological significance of this hypervariability. in this paper we report the use of polymerase chain reaction for amplification and sequencing of the control regions of bkv and jcv dnas from ur ... | 1991 | 1846488 |
| direct isolation and characterization of jc virus from urine samples of renal and bone marrow transplant patients. | jc virus dna was extracted from urine-derived cells of bone marrow and renal transplant patients and cloned directly into the plasmid vector pbr322. these clones represent the first jc virus isolates obtained directly from individuals that did not have progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (pml). three of the clones appeared to be identical to the prototype jc virus mad 1, and the fourth clone was identical to the type ii jc virus variant mad8-br. importantly, the same jc virus strains have ... | 1989 | 2550676 |
| progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. | | 1989 | 2553062 |
| regulatory sequences of sv40 variants isolated from patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. | variants of the simian polyomavirus sv40 have been associated in humans with a small number of cases of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (pml). genomic regulatory regions of two independent isolates, svpml-1 and -2 [l.p. weiner et al., n. engl. j. med. 286, 385 (1972)], were analyzed to determine if they had acquired any sequences that are present in the genome of the human polyomavirus jc (jcv), the primary causative agent of pml. as compared to sv40 dna, 83% of svpml-1 and -2 cloned ... | 1989 | 2554615 |
| analysis of transcription control elements of the mouse myelin basic protein gene in hela cell extracts: demonstration of a strong nfi-binding motif in the upstream region. | promoter elements of the mouse myelin basic protein (mbp) gene were analyzed by in vitro transcription using hela cell extracts. we demonstrated the mbte (mbp transcription element), gc-box core and tata-box elements, at -130, -93 and -34, respectively. the tata-box was indispensable for the promoter function. the gc-box was suggested to function co-operatively with far upstream sequences including the mbte. the mbte was crucial to direct maximal transcription, and also functioned with a heterol ... | 1988 | 2463515 |
| [molecular-pathology analysis of regulatory region and transformation in jc virus]. | jc virus, an agent that causes a human demyelinating disease, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (pml), is known to induce brain tumors in hamsters. the regulatory region of the virus reported to be implicated in its tissue specificity and to be highly variable among different isolates. in a study of the regulatory region, first we isolated the jc virus genome directly from the brain of a patient with suspected pml. we amplified the regulatory region of the virus by using the polymerase ... | 1989 | 2573571 |
| simian adenovirus type 7 (sa-7) induces tumours of nerve-supporting or paraneural cell origin in newborn hamsters. | simian adenovirus type 7 (sa-7) was found to induce tumours originating from nerve-supporting or paraneural cells in newborn hamsters, regardless of injection site or tissues. sa-7 induces glioblastomas characterized by definite localization (subependymal regions) and its main cell type, bipolar spongioblast-like cells, in the brain of hamsters inoculated as newborns. when the eyes of newborn hamsters were directly inoculated, sa-7 failed to induce retinoblastoma (0/27), but retro or peri-bulbar ... | 1989 | 2765394 |
| enhancer of human polyoma jc virus contains nuclear factor i-binding sequences; analysis using mouse brain nuclear extracts. | neurotrophic human jc virus carries a 98 bp duplicate enhancer responsible for tissue-specific gene expression. dnase i footprinting studies using mouse brain nuclear extracts revealed weak (pseudo nfi motif) and strong (nfi motif) nuclear factor i-binding sequences just upstream (at 229) and in the middle (at 156 and 58) of the enhancer, respectively. in vitro transcription driven in brain extracts demonstrated that the nfi motif is a possible transcription control element. together with previo ... | 1988 | 2849429 |
| early viral proteins as autoantigens. evidence from jc virus large t antigen. | | 1988 | 2849911 |
| viral neurooncogenesis. | | 1987 | 2819944 |
| association of polyomaviruses jc, sv40, and bk with human brain tumors. | human brain tumors of 11 different types were analyzed by southern blot analysis for the presence of jcv, sv40, and bkv. in 21 tumor specimens examined with jcv- and sv40-specific probes no positive hybridizations were obtained. analysis for bkv dna, however, revealed the presence of bkv-specific sequences in 11 of 24 tumor specimens. no hybridization was found in dna from cns tissues from different areas of 29 individuals without cns tumors. the bkv dna sequences were associated with high molec ... | 1987 | 2820135 |
| analysis of retinoblastoma for human adenovirus and human jc virus genome integration. | human adenovirus groups a and b have an oncogenic potential in newborn rodents. especially, adenovirus type 12 is known to induce retinoblastoma-like tumor in baboons and transform human embryo retinoblast cells in vitro. human jc virus is also known to produce a variety of tumors in newborn rodents, including retinoblastoma-like tumor. in this experiment, cell dnas of human retinoblastomas were assayed for each of the transforming gene sequences of adenovirus groups a, b, c, d and e and for jc ... | 1987 | 2822987 |
| involvement of jc virus-infected mononuclear cells from the bone marrow and spleen in the pathogenesis of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. | | 1988 | 2827029 |
| progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy 30 years later. | | 1988 | 2827030 |
| demonstration of t antigens on the surface of cells transformed with primate polyoma viruses. | primate polyoma virus-transformed hamster, mouse, and rat cell lines were examined by indirect immunofluorescence staining for cell surface-associated t antigens, by using a rabbit antiserum prepared against sodium dodecyl sulfate-denatured large t antigen of simian virus 40 (anti-sv40-sds-t serum). positive surface staining was shown not only on sv40-transformed cells, but also on bk and jc virus-transformed cells. in contrast, normal cells and cells transformed with mouse polyoma-, human adeno ... | 1985 | 2985939 |
| detection of human polyomavirus dna in urine specimens by hybridot assay. | a hybridot assay method using a labelled bk virus probe has been used to detect the presence of human polyomavirus dna in 81 urine specimens from 61 patients, most of whom were immuno-compromised to some degree. twenty-eight urines from 23 patients had detectable dna. the results have been compared to virus isolation and electron microscopy on the same specimens. in 90 per cent a comparable result was obtained by at least one of the other two tests and in the 73 specimens on which all 3 tests we ... | 1985 | 2986578 |
| [the detection of viral nucleic acid sequences in paraffin-embedded subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (sspe) and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (pml) brain tissues by in situ hybridization]. | we have been able to detect the viral nucleic acid sequences in formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissue sections of the brain from sspe and pml respectively by in situ hybridization using cloned and radiolabelled complementary dna (cdna) measles nucleocapsid (np) and jc virus probes which are gene specific respectively. we have mainly followed in situ hybridization procedure reported by haase et al, but partly modified the technique including the extensive wash by buffer solution and the elevate ... | 1987 | 2827710 |
| a monoclonal antibody to sv40 large t-antigen labels a nuclear antigen in jc virus-transformed cells and in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (pml) brain infected with jc virus. | thirty monoclonal antibodies to sv40 large t-antigen were tested for reactivity on the jc virus-transformed hamster glial cell line known as hjc-15. two of them (pab 416 and pab 108) detected a nuclear antigen in both sv40-transformed ccl 75.1 cells and in hjc-15 cells, but not in control cells lacking t-antigen. these same antibodies also labeled a nuclear antigen in hamster tumor tissue derived from hjc-15 cells. in addition, the monoclonal antibody pab 416 detected a nuclear antigen in progre ... | 1988 | 2828425 |
| unusual dna structure in the regulatory region of the human papovavirus jc virus. | the human papovavirus jc virus (jcv) was analyzed for the presence of unusual dna conformations. recombinant plasmids containing 60% of the jcv prototype mad-1 strain dna were constructed and analyzed with both enzymatic and chemical probes. fine-mapping studies revealed that the most prominent s1 nuclease-sensitive and bromoacetaldehyde-modified sites were located within the tata boxes of each 98-base-pair tandem repeat. further studies revealed that the s1 nuclease-sensitive site in the first ... | 1988 | 2828687 |
| immunosuppression and murine polyomavirus infection. | murine polyomavirus (mpyv) infection in mice has many similarities to human infections by bk virus (bkv) and jc virus (jcv) and provides a model for the human infections. mpyv causes acute, inapparent infection with virus appearing in numerous organs, including brain and kidney, and then subsides and becomes latent. at a later time it can be reactivated by corticosteroid treatment or pregnancy (mccance and mims, 1979, mccance, 1983). to determine the effect of prolonged immunosuppression on viru ... | 1988 | 2829462 |
| dysmyelination in transgenic mice containing jc virus early region. | jc virus (jcv) causes the chronic human demyelinating disease progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. because of host range restrictions, experimental models of jcv-induced demyelination have not been available. the restricted tropism of jcv infectivity has recently been overcome by the production of transgenic mice that contain the early region of jcv in all cells. this portion of the dna encodes jcv t-antigens. these mice display a dysmyelinating phenotype, the severity of which is related ... | 1988 | 2830835 |
| dna rearrangements in organ-specific variants of polyomavirus jc strain gs. | variants of jc virus (jcv) strain gs were isolated directly from the central nervous system (variant gs/b) and the kidney (variant gs/k) of a patient with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and were cloned and sequenced. the genomes of the isolates were shown to be nearly identical in the nucleotide sequences of their protein-coding regions, suggesting that both had originated from a single infecting jcv genome. in contrast, the arrangement of the putative elements of transcriptional con ... | 1988 | 2833622 |
| a serological investigation of bk virus and jc virus infections in recipients of renal allografts. | bk virus (bkv) and jc virus (jcv) infections were evaluated in a serological study of 496 renal transplant recipients and their donors. a seropositive donor increased the rate of primary and reactivation infections with bkv and of primary infections with jcv. bkv infection rates were not influenced by the source of the renal allograft (cadaver versus living related donor); however, primary jcv infections occurred more often in recipients of seropositive cadaveric kidneys. reactivated jcv infecti ... | 1988 | 2839580 |
| nuclear factors in human brain cells bind specifically to the jcv regulatory region. | the human polyomavirus, jcv, differs from other papovaviruses in its tissue tropism for human glial cells. transcription of the early region of the virus, at least in part, contributes to the tissue specificity of jcv. in this study, we have synthesized oligonucleotides which span the jcv 98 bp repeat unit. using gel mobility shift and uv cross-linking assays, we have demonstrated that four proteins from a human fetal brain extract interact specifically with the jcv promoter/enhancer. two protei ... | 1988 | 2841118 |
| linker scan analysis of the early regulatory region of human papovavirus bk. | bk virus (bkv) is a human papovavirus which latently infects a majority of the world population. reactivation of this virus is associated with acute hemorrhagic cystitis, and bkv dna has been found in human tumor tissue. bkv is one of many highly homologous papovaviruses, including simian virus 40 and jc virus, which display distinct host and cell-type specificities, transformation potentials, and pathologies. these differences are thought to be determined, in part, by the noncoding regulatory r ... | 1988 | 2841491 |
| a double-label method detects both early (t-antigen) and late (capsid) proteins of jc virus in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy brain tissue from aids and non-aids patients. | a new double-label immunocytochemical method detects jc virus (jcv) early (t-antigen) and late (capsid) proteins simultaneously in cryostat sections of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (pml) brain tissue from both acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and non-aids patients. t-antigen is detected with a monoclonal antibody (pab 416) followed by goat anti-mouse igg and mouse clono-pap, while capsid proteins are detected by a rabbit polyclonal antiserum to capsid proteins followed by ... | 1988 | 2842376 |
| bk and jc virus infections in recipients of bone marrow transplants. | fifty-five recipients of bone marrow transplants were monitored prospectively for urinary excretion of bk (bkv) and jc (jcv) viruses and for infections with other viruses. for both bkv and jcv, viruria occurred exclusively in patients who were seropositive at transplantation, a finding indicating that shedding of virus was very likely the result of reactivation. bkv reactivation, which occurred in 26 (55%) of 47 bkv-seropositive patients, was far more common than jcv reactivation, which was dete ... | 1988 | 2842404 |
| extinction of jc virus tumor-antigen expression in glial cell--fibroblast hybrids. | jc virus (jcv) is a ubiquitous human papovavirus that shares sequence and structural homology with simian virus 40 (sv40). in contrast to sv40, expression of jcv is restricted to a small number of cell types, including human fetal glial cells, uroepithelial cells, amnion cells, and some endothelial cells. to study the control of jcv early region expression, we made heterokaryons and stable hybrids between jcv-transformed hamster glial cells and mouse fibroblasts. binucleate heterokaryons exhibit ... | 1988 | 2845416 |
| occurrence and significance of papovaviruses bk and jc in the urine. | | 1989 | 2555837 |
| early stages of development of rat brain tumors induced by jc virus: a sequential histological and immunohistochemical study. | in order to clarify the origin of jc virus-induced brain tumors in rats, the development of tumors was sequentially analyzed histologically and immunohistochemically. twenty-two of 30 rats (73%), which were intracerebrally inoculated with jc virus within 24 h of birth (group 1), developed, as a group, 45 brain tumors after 12 to 26 weeks. seventeen of 27 rats (63%), which were inoculated on the 7th day after birth (group 2), developed 37 brain tumors as a group after a time 12 to 40 weeks. the t ... | 1989 | 2558501 |
| hiv gene regulation and pathogenesis. | human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) is unique among retroviruses in its genetic complexity. its genome encodes a number of positive, differential, and negative regulatory genes, whose interplay appears to be directed at maintaining a steady, low-level virus expression. since clinical progression and cd4 cell depletion in hiv-infected individuals appear to correlate with increase in virus expression, and continuous recruitment of new infected cells, the role for cofactors which enhance hiv product ... | 1989 | 2559802 |
| a rapid method for in situ hybridization for viral dna in brain biopsies from patients with aids. | brain biopsy is often necessary in the diagnosis of neurological complications found in aids patients. we describe here a rapid method of tissue preparation and in situ dna hybridization for detecting jc virus dna in frozen brain biopsy sections which allows the diagnosis of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy to be established on the day of surgery. once the diagnosis is established, therapeutic and management decisions can be made more easily. the commercial availability of biotinylated ... | 1989 | 2561055 |
| transformation of human cells by a polyomavirus containing complementing jcv and rfv genomes. | molecularly cloned viral dna from late rfv (l-rfv) and early jcv (e-jcv) were transfected into human fetal brain (hfb) cells and complementation was demonstrated. a new infectious virus (e-jcv/l-rfv) was produced. infection resulted in partial transformation of hfb and human embryonic kidney cells. no transformation was observed with el-jcv or wtjcv. the transformants contained t-antigen and had a lifespan similar to sv40-transformed human cells but failed to express some phenotypes of transform ... | 1988 | 2849251 |
| [new human papovaviruses: jc and bk]. | bk and jc viruses are human papovaviruses widespread in human population. primary infection with those viruses are generally asymptomatic and reactivation occur upon immunodepression. jc virus found to be associated with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. in the other hand bk virus mostly reactivated after immunosuppression. both viruses have oncogenic potential when inoculated subcutaneously or intracerebrally to experimental animals. however, there is no direct relation has been shown ... | 1988 | 2855251 |
| [progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in wegener's granulomatosis in relation to therapy with cyclosporin a]. | a female patient with wegener's granulomatosis developed severe bone marrow depression after two years treatment with cyclophosphamide. corticosteroids alone could not sufficiently suppress disease activity, therefore additive therapy with cyclosporin a was started. four weeks later the patient developed a central nervous system disorder with affective disturbances and progressive somnolence. however, inspite of intensive diagnostic procedures, no definite diagnosis could be established. after a ... | 1989 | 2927061 |
| differences in regulatory sequences of naturally occurring jc virus variants. | the regulatory region was sequenced for dnas representative of seven independent isolates of jc virus, the probable agent of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. the isolates included an oncogenic variant (mad-4), an antigenic variant (mad-11), and two different isolates derived from the urine (mad-7) and from the brain (mad-8) of the same patient. the representative dnas were molecularly cloned directly from diseased brain tissue and from human fetal glial cells infected with the corresp ... | 1985 | 2981353 |
| transgenic mice and the language of cells. | | 1987 | 3027203 |
| establishment of a line of human fetal glial cells that supports jc virus multiplication. | primary cultures of human fetal brain cells were transfected with plasmid dna pmk16, containing an origin-defective mutant of simian virus 40 (sv40). several weeks after dna treatment, proliferation of glial cells was evident in the culture, allowing passage of the cells at low split ratios. initially, only 10% of the cells demonstrated nuclear fluorescence staining using a hamster tumor antibody to the sv40 t protein. by the sixth passage, however, 100% of the cells reacted positively to the sa ... | 1985 | 2983332 |
| simian agent 12 is a bk virus-like papovavirus which replicates in monkey cells. | we have begun to characterize the genomic structure and replication of the baboon papovavirus simian agent 12 (sa12). we have defined a wild-type clone of sa12 (sa12 wt100) by plaque purification from a heterogeneous stock. the functional map of sa12 wt100 can be aligned with those of the other primate papovaviruses by assigning one of the two ecori sites as 0/1.0 map units. the origin of bidirectional viral dna replication maps near 0.67 map units, consistent with the limits of sequences homolo ... | 1985 | 2985810 |
| dna rearrangement in the control region for early transcription in a human polyomavirus jc host range mutant capable of growing in human embryonic kidney cells. | a human polyomavirus jc virus (jcv) host range mutant (jc-hek) can grow in human embryonic kidney cells, whereas the brain cell-tropic wild-type jcv strain (mad-1) cannot; jc-hek contains two complementing defective dnas, jc-hek-a and jc-hek-b. we determined the nucleotide sequence of the putative transcriptional control region of jc-hek-a dna that can induce t-antigen synthesis in human embryonic kidney cells and compared it with the sequence of jcv mad-1 dna. the jc-hek-a control region was fo ... | 1985 | 2987529 |
| progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. a case report with special reference to sv40 etiology. | clinical, light- and electron microscopic, and immunohistochemical findings of a 44-year-old woman with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy were presented. autopsy revealed a wide distribution of the demyelinating lesion in the cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem and spinal cord, and intranuclear inclusion bodies and papova-like virions in transmission electron microscopy in the nuclei of oligodendrocytes. sv40 antigen was immunohistochemically detected in these inclusion bodies. the widespr ... | 1985 | 2988268 |
| [advances in the study of jc and bk viral infections]. | | 1985 | 2988715 |
| induction of undifferentiated brain tumors in rats by a human polyomavirus (jc virus). | newborn sd rats were inoculated intracranially with jc virus (tokyo-1), a human polyomavirus, isolated from the autopsied brain of a patient with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. twenty-one to 61 weeks later, 20 of 27 rats developed tumors in the cerebrum, but not in the cerebellum. the undifferentiated neuroectodermal nature of the tumors was histologically, immunohistochemically and ultrastructurally confirmed. | 1985 | 2991057 |
| [patient with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy by in situ hybridization: comparison of in situ hybridization using isotopic and biotinylated probes]. | ward et al developed biotinylated probes to hasten virus nucleic acid detection. we used these probes to trace sv 40 and jc virus nucleic acids in pml brain. this procedure visualizes the hybridization of viral sequences by affinity cytochemistry with avidin-biotin peroxidase complexes and diaminobenzidine. in the pml frozen white matter numerous oligodendroglial nuclei hybridized with jc virus biotinylated and tritium labelled probes in areas adjacent to active demyelination. although tritium l ... | 1985 | 2992553 |
| [analysis of human retinoblastoma for human adenovirus and jc virus genomes]. | | 1985 | 3000152 |
| progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: investigation of three cases using in situ hybridization with jc virus biotinylated dna probe. | using the technique of in situ dna-to-dna hybridization, a jc virus biotinylated dna probe was developed and applied to formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded, or fixed, frozen sections of brain tissue from three subjects with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (pml). light microscopy was carried out to correlate the presence of jc virus dna with the selective infection of oligodendrocytes and astrocytes in pml. oligodendrocytes (lytically infected) showed the greatest evidence of viral dna. ... | 1985 | 3000279 |
| jc virus t protein during productive infection in human fetal brain and kidney cells. | we have examined the synthesis of the t protein of the human polyomavirus, jcv, during productive infection in primary cultures of human fetal glial and kidney cells. immunoprecipitation of protein extracts from virus infected cells revealed that the jcv large t protein from both the prototype mad and hek adapted strains migrated as a 94-kda protein in denaturing polyacrylamide gels. resolution of the jcv t protein in brain cells could best be achieved following alkylation of the immunoprecipita ... | 1986 | 3002030 |
| use of a molecular probe for detecting jcv dna directly in human brain material. | a hybridot assay using a radiolabelled jc virus probe has been used to detect the presence of jcv dna in brain biopsy and postmortem brain samples from patients with neurological disease and possible progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy. sixty-nine brain samples from 45 patients were examined. eleven samples from eight patients had detectable jcv dna sequences. in seven of the eight patients this result was confirmed by electron microscopy and/or virus isolation or immunofluorescence. | 1986 | 3003248 |
| mapping 5' termini of jc virus late rna. | the 5' termini of late mrnas were mapped 17 to 19 days after primary human fetal glial cells were infected with jc virus. the major 5' start sites spanned a region of approximately 250 nucleotides, starting at nucleotide 5114, which was on the early side of the replication origin, and extending to nucleotide 242, which was on the late side of the 98-base-pair (bp) repeats. the sequence tatatat was contained within each of the 98-bp repeats but does not specify 5' start sites in vivo. however, th ... | 1986 | 3005651 |
| progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: jc virus detection by in situ hybridization compared with immunohistochemistry. | in four cases of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (pml), we compared biotin-labeled dna:dna in situ hybridization with peroxidase immunohistochemistry for the detection of jc virus (jcv). the localization of jcv dna and jcv capsid protein was compared in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded brain tissues. infected oligodendrocytes showed both jcv dna and jcv protein. however, bizarre astrocytes demonstrated jcv capsid protein less often than jcv dna. in situ hybridization with a biotinyla ... | 1986 | 3008027 |
| prevalence of neutralizing antibody to jamestown canyon virus (california group) in populations of elk and moose in northern michigan and ontario, canada. | blood samples were collected from free-ranging elk (cervus elaphus) harvested in michigan's northern lower peninsula, from moose (alces alces) relocated from ontario's algonquin provincial park to michigan's upper peninsula, and from moose from michigan's isle royale national park. sera were tested by serum dilution neutralization tests in vero cell culture for neutralizing antibody to california serogroup viruses, in particular jamestown canyon (jc), la crosse/snowshoe hare (lac/ssh), and trivi ... | 1986 | 3503129 |
| jc papovavirus large tumor (t)-antigen expression in brain tissue of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) and non-aids patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. | progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (pml) is a jc papovavirus infection of the central nervous system in immunocompromised patients. it is well established that demyelination in pml is caused by jc virus infection of oligodendroglia, but whether the nonstructural regulatory protein, large tumor (t) antigen, is detectable in infected human tissue was not known. using a modification of the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique, we found t antigen expressed in the nuclei of cells in virus-infe ... | 1986 | 3008157 |
| mapping 5' termini of jc virus early rnas. | within its enhancer promoter region, the mad-1 strain of jc virus (jcv) has two 98-base-pair tandem repeats, each containing a tata box-like sequence. in the present study, polyadenylated early jcv mrnas were isolated 5 or 29 days after infection of primary human fetal glial (phfg) cells. by using s1 nuclease, the 5' termini of the early mrnas were mapped to nucleotide position(s) (np) 122 through 125, which lies within an at rich region (at np 113 through 127). in contrast, when jcv dna was tra ... | 1986 | 3009875 |
| human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and jc virus in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. | of the 93 acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) patients autopsied between 1983 and 1986, 27 had evidence of viral encephalitis of which 3 had progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (pml), confirmed by electron microscopy. using in situ hybridization with biotinylated jc virus probes, paraffin sections from the brains of these 27 patients were examined. jc virus was found only in those patients with histologically proven pml, while no evidence of jc virus was detected in the brains of t ... | 1988 | 2845703 |
| isolation of jc virus capsomer-like structures from progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy brain. | brain tissue from a patient with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (pml) was analyzed by molecular biological and electron-microscopic techniques. viral dna was isolated directly from brain tissue, cloned into a plasmid vector, and subjected to restriction endonuclease analysis. the pattern of restriction fragments identified by gel electrophoresis was almost indistinguishable from that of prototype jc virus. by this procedure the etiologic agent of pml in this patient was identified wi ... | 1986 | 3011998 |
| case records of the massachusetts general hospital. weekly clinicopathological exercises. case 45-1988. a 67-year-old woman with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, homonymous hemianopia, confusion, and poor balance. | | 1988 | 2847045 |
| prevalence of antibodies in human sera against jc virus, an isolate from a case of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. | | 1973 | 4571704 |
| immunoenzymatic labelling of jc papovavirus t antigen in brains of patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. | formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded autopsy sections of brains from two patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (pml) were stained by peroxidase-antiperoxidase methods for human papovavirus t antigen, a nonstructural protein expressed in cells lytically infected or transformed by jc, bk, and sv40 viruses. adjacent sections were stained for papovavirus common structural antigen, a component of jc, bk, and sv40 virions which is synthesized in productively infected but not transforme ... | 1986 | 3022533 |