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effects of human leucocyte interferon on hepatitis b virus replication and immune responses in patients with chronic hepatitis b infection.eight patients with chronic hepatitis b infection (seven with chronic active hepatitis and one with chronic persistent hepatitis) were treated with daily intramuscular injections of human leucocyte interferon for periods of 5 to 8 weeks and in one case for 5 months. in one patient there was a marked fall in virus-associated dna polymerase activity and in the number of dna containing viral particles during each of two courses of interferon. hepatitis be antigen (hbeag) also disappeared, the aspar ...1979501726
[comparative light and electron-microscopic studies of the hepatocytes replicating hepatitis b viruses]. 1979503593
hepatic infections. part i. a serological evaluation of fab antigens (fab' and f (ab)2) and antibodies in patients and asymptomatic carriers of hepatitis b virus.evidence for the association of fab (antigen-binding) fragments of igg and antibodies directed against receptors of these fragments (fab' and f(ab)2) has been found in patients and asymptomatic carriers of hepatitis b antigen. fab fragments of igg are often detected in hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag)-positive sera where the intensity of antibody activity to these determinants is significantly reduced. the formation of strong antibodies to fab fragments is often observed in association with t ...1979505209
[quantitative determination of the surface antigen of hepatitis b virus (hbsag) in internal diseases]. 1979506075
[hepatitis b vaccine: characterization of the polypeptides of hepatitis b surface antigen (author's transl)].in order to realize a new kind of hepatitis b vaccine, the polypeptide components of the outer-coat of the hepatitis b virus have been studied. the characterization of the polypeptides of purified hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) was performed by sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. seven polypeptides were observed, designated p1 to p7, according to their increasing molecular weight: p1 (mw = 24,000), p2 (mw = 32,500) and p6 (mw = 78,000) represented the major components. when the reducing ...1979507623
sex differences in response to hepatitis b virus. introduction. 1979508375
sex differences in response to hepatitis b virus. i. history.sex differences related to responses to hepatitis b infection are reviewed. in most human populations there is a higher prevalence of chronic carriers of hepatitis b virus (persistently hbsag+) among males than females. females are more likely than males to produce anti-hbs in response to infection. diseases associated with increased frequencies of carriers are more prevalent among males. the response of parents to hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection appears to affect the sex ratio at birth of the ...1979508376
purified human fibroblast interferon in vivo: skin reactions and effect on bone marrow precursor cells.human interferon from normal diploid fibroblasts, purified by sequential chromatography on concanavalin a-agarose and phenyl-sepharose, was administered parenterally in 4 subjects. fever, marked skin hypersensitivity reactions and suppression of marrow stem cells (estimated by the count of myeloid colony-forming cells), side-effects common for less purified fibroblast and leukocyte interferons, were absent. purified fibroblast interferon retained antiviral and immunomodulatory activity, evidence ...1979509407
hepatitis bs antibody in alcoholic cirrhosis.sera from patients with chronic liver disease were tested for antibody against hepatitis b surface antigen by radioimmunoassay. the antibody was found in 25% of patients with alcoholic cirrhosis and in 52% when alcoholic cirrhosis was associated with portal hypertension, these results being significantly higher than in a matched control population. other forms of chronic liver disease did not differ from the control population. hepatitis b virus infection might be a factor in determining which a ...1979512037
chronic hepatitis b infection in male homosexuals.ten cases of hepatitis b virus infection were identified among asymptomatic male homosexuals. these patients shared a number of characteristics: a subclinical origin and course of infection; persistence of hgsag for periods exceeding six to 25 months; persistent gpt elevation of two to five times upper normal limit; morphological changes in the liver with portal and parenchymal inflammation (chronic persistent hepatitis, six cases; non-specific reactive hepatitis, 2 cases; cirrhosis and acute he ...1979512038
potential risk of salivary-mediated viral hepatitis type b transmission from oral exposure to fomites.twelve grade school and junior high school students had oral exposures to hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) positive saliva via contact with contaminated musical instruments. the 12 exposed students and 18 students who served as age and sex matched controls were tested for the presence of hbsag and antibody to the hepatitis surface antigen (anti-hbs) at 2 weeks, 8 weeks and 6 months after exposure. all students were negative for hbsag and anti-hbs on all dates tested and reported no illness du ...1979512356
transmission of hepatitis b virus in clinical laboratory areas.the transmission of hepatitis b virus (hbv) in clinical laboratory areas was delineated by the use of hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) as presumptive evidence for the presence of the infective agent. twenty-six (34%) of 76 environmental surfaces sampled were positive for hbsag. the outer surfaces of blood- and serum-specimen containers had hbsag contamination rates of 55% (six of 11) and 44% (four of nine), respectively. subsequent handling of pipetting aids, marking devices, and other items ...1979512414
acute hepatitis b in a metropolitan population.one hundred and fifty-three patients with acute hepatitis b infection over a four-year period have been reviewed. they were predominantly young males (60%) with a mild illness. there was no indication of the source of the infection in 56 patients (36%), while 52 patients (34%) had a history of intravenous narcotic abuse. twenty-five patients were hospital staff members, while the remainder had known environmental associations with the hepatitis b virus. eight of the 80 patients who were followed ...1979514175
[cloning of hepatitis b virus dna]. 1979515445
[clinical aspects of hepatitis b virus infection in a pregnant woman]. 1979516726
de novo acute infection and reactivation of hepatitis b virus in established cirrhosis.five patients with cirrhosis proved by biopsy had clinical, biochemical, and serological evidence of an acute hepatitis b infection. in two the illness was fulminant and led to death. only one patient completely recovered. serological markers for the hepatitis b virus were absent before the onset of the acute illness in four patients, which suggested that a de novo infection had been acquired as a result of recent transfusions of blood or blood products. the fifth patient, who had goodpasture's ...1979519221
illness in a chimpanzee inoculated with hepatitis b virus. 1979521389
lack of correlation between interferon production of mononuclear cells and virus replication in chronic hepatitis b virus infection.interferon production in hepatitis b virus carriers with normal liver functions was preserved, whereas in carriers with chronic hepatitis it was depressed. the lower interferon production in hepatitis b virus carriers with chronic hepatitis appears to be the result rather than the cause of chronic hepatic disease.1979521489
lack of specific effect of adenine arabinoside, human interferon, and ribavirin on in vitro production of hepatitis b surface antigen.plc/prf/5 hepatoma cells continue to produce hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) after greater than 80 passages in vitro, but they do not express other markers of heaptitis b virus (hbv) replication. in this respect, they resemble most liver cells that are persistently infected with hbv. plc/prf/5 cells were cultured in the presence of adenine arabinoside, human fibroblast interferon, and ribavirin to determine whether production of hbsag was sensitive to these antiviral agents. hbsag released i ...1979528792
normal lymphocyte interferon production in adult hbsag-positive chronic active liver disease.to challenge the hypothesis that interferon (if) production in chronic hepatitis-b virus liver disease is defective, lymphocytes from 14 patients with chronic active liver disease (cald); from nine patients with chronic inactive liver disease (cild), and from six healthy chronic carriers (hcc) were stimulated by newcastle disease virus. the patients with cild showed a weak if response by comparison with the controls (p less than 0.0005), whereas if production by cald patients and the hcc did not ...1979528984
immunopathologic aspects of the hbsag carrier state in chimpanzees.the tissue distribution of hepatitis b virus antigens was correlated with the distribution of immunoglobulins and complement and with histopathological changes. although no circulating antibody was detected, the participation of humoral immune mechanisms in the elimination of hbsag from the circulation was suggested by presence of hbsag, immunoglobulins, and c'3 in germinal centers of mesenteric lymph nodes and hbsag mixed with immunoglobulins in the mesangium of kidney glomeruli. the results su ...1979529272
hepatitis b virus infection in children. a sero-epidemiological study in three endemic areas.the occurrence of hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) and anti-hbs was studied in 254 children aged 0 to 19 years from three areas in greenland and west africa, endemic for hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection. age specific prevalence rates for hbsag increased in all areas until the age of 10 years while the prevalence of anti-hbs showed a continuous rise and reached maximum level of 44 to 80% in the age group 15 to 19 years. the study results indicate that in these areas infection with hbv occurs ...1979531908
effects of interferon and adenine arabinoside treatment of hepatitis b virus infection on cellular immune responses.fifteen patients with chronic hepatitis b were treated with adenine arabinoside (ara-a) or human leukocyte interferon (hli). cellular immune response to hepatitis b virus surface antigen and antigens prepared from herpes simplex virus, varicella zoster virus, and cytomegalovirus was measured by a lymphocyte blast transformation assay and an assay for interferon production. measurements were made before, during, and after antiviral treatment. unlike patients convalescing from acute hepatitis b, o ...1979533259
interaction of hepatitis b surface antigen with polymerized human serum albumin.hbsag binds to a solid-phase adsorbent consisting of polymerized human serum albumin (hsa) on glass particles. both ad and ay antigenic subtypes of hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) display this interaction. in either case, the binding to polymerized hsa is reduced in the presence of human serum, suggesting significant attachment of serum components at the locations on hbsag particles where polymerized hsa binds. the temperature dependence of the interaction goes through a maximum above room t ...1979536742
incidence and etiology of primary liver cancer in the pacific basin.the incidence of plc in the pacific basin varies from 0.9/100,000 (age-standardized) in women in new south wales, australia, to 34.2/100,000 in singapore chinese men. proportional incidence data suggest that other areas of the pacific basin, such as hong kong, taiwan, indonesia, and papua new guinea, may have plc incidence rates as high or higher than those in singapore chinese. infection with hepatitis-b virus has been associated with plc in some areas, and aflatoxin contamination of food has a ...1979537620
hepatitis b virus infections among danish surgeons.acute viral hepatitis b is considered to be an occupational risk to health-care workers worldwide. at the 1977 annual meeting of the danish society of surgeons, 224 participants were examined for the presence of hepatitis b surface antigen (hgsag) and antibody to hbsag (anti-hbs) with use of a radioimmunoassay. none of the surgeons was hbsag-positive, but 23% had anti-hbs. the prevalence of anti-hbs was five times higher among these surgeons than that in an age-matched control population. hepati ...1979541525
dane particles and associated dna-polymerase activity in saliva of chronic hepatitis b carriers.to investigate furhter the problem of salivary transmission of type b hepatitis, salivas free of blood contamination from three hbsag-positive carriers with chronic active hepatitis were examined by cscl equilibrium density gradients and electron microscopy (em). in the cscl gradient hbsag of whole salivas distributed in a band centered at 1.19gm/cm3 with a clearly defined shoulder at 1.24 gm/cm3; the hbsag was found mainly in the mucous component. on em examination, fractions from the 1.19 gm/c ...1979541682
large-scale efficacy trials of hepatitis b vaccines in the usa: baseline data and protocols.the protocols of three placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind clinical trials to assess the efficacy of an inactivated hepatitis b vaccine in dialysis patients and staff, and in male homosexuals are described. based on the projected attack rates of hbv in the controls, the vaccine efficacy and rates of loss to follow-up, over three thousand participants followed for at least twelve months are required to prove the efficacy of the vaccine. the results of longterm baseline studies in these p ...1979541683
[sexual transmission of hepatitis b virus]. 1979543189
[etiology of membranous nephropathy in children: association between membranous nephropathy and hepatitis b virus infection (author's transl)].a total of 163 japanese children (90 boys and 73 girls, ranging in age from 3 to 15) with proteinuria and/or hematuria were studied for renal histopathology using biopsy materials by light microscopy, electron microscopy, and immunofluolescence method. eleven patients were diagnosed as membranous nephropathy (mn) while the other 152 patients had various renal diseases other than mn. all patients with mn did not have any known predisposing of associated caused. hepatitis b virus surface antigen ( ...1979544409
liver involvement in essential mixed cryoglobulinemia.twenty-one of 30 patients with essential mixed cryoglobulinemia (emc) had evidence of liver involvement. the liver disease was characterized by the absence of clinical symptoms, hepatosplenomegaly, mild elevation of enzymes, abnormal bsp retention and low albumin levels. histology, available in 12 patients, showed either chronic persistent or chronic active hepatitis or liver cirrhosis; 44% of the patients had hbsag or hbsab in sera and/or cryoglobulins, confirming the high frequency of exposure ...1979545644
infection by the hepatitis b virus in patients of a general hospital.the prevalence of hbsag and anti hbs was studied in 1062 inpatients in the city of rio de janeiro. hbsag positivity rates were as follows: a) acute viral hepatitis: 37.8% b) chronic hepatitis 46.67% c) chronic liver disease without hepatitis: 7.69% d) diabetes 3.08% e) lepromatous leprosy 2.35% f) others 2.01%. the carrier state is emphasized. anti hbs was less frequent in patients with acute viral hepatitis than in patients with other diseases (hepatic or not). the highest levels were: a) lep ...1979546381
[spread of hepatitis b virus infection among family contacts of asymptomatic hbsag carriers (author's transl)].family members of 34 asymptomatic hbsag carriers were tested for different hepatitis b virus (hbv) markers. among 67 family members tested 24 (36%) presented signs of a past or ongoing hbv-infection. spread of hbv-infection was particularly high in those families in which the hbsag carrier was positive for hbeag and dane particle-associated dna polymerase activity. non-parenteral "horizontal" transmission of hbv among spouses and brothers and sisters and probably parenteral vertical transmission ...1979547101
deficiency of antibody formation to hbsag in the pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis?sera of 832 healthy persons and patients suffering from chronic inflammatory liver disease were investigated by radioimmunoassay for hbsag and anti-hbs. diagnosis in patients was secured by biopsy. the persons were divided into: 1. healthy persons: n = 478 blood donors, hospital especially exposed to hbv, patients with healed hepatitis; 2. patients: n = 354 acute hepatitis, chronic persistent and aggressive hepatitis, post-hepatitic, cryptogenic and alcoholic cirrhosis. the results demonstrate c ...1979549426
[hepatitis and drug addiction: clinical and immunological studies].the association drug addiction-hepatitis has so increased in recent years to represent a social epidemiological and clinical problem all over the world. although the clinical picture of hepatitis is already well defined in drug-abusers, it remains to be completely understood the mechanism responsible for the significant incidence of progression from acute to chronic hepatitis in this population. the viral infection, the drug itself, the drug contaminants, the immunological defects (cellular and/ ...1979552826
[e antigen (hbeag) and surface antigen (hbsag) in bladder schistosomiasis].the problem of the relationship between surface b antigen and schistosomiasis or other parasitic infections which are transmitted though the skin is not still resolved. serum samples from 54 somalian patients infected by schistosoma haematobium were tested for the presence of the surface b antigen (hbsag) and the e-antigen (hbeag). the hbsag was found in 14.8 per cent of these patients, while among controls (47 cases) the frequency was of 34.0 p]er cent; no e-antigen was found among the patients ...1978553266
[present issues in antiviral vaccines (author's tranls)].the conditions are examined, which advise the adoption or discontinuance of a vaccination. in italy, anti-polio vaccination is compulsory and ought to be enforced also in the future. on the contrary, the vaccination against variola has to be discontinued. specific vaccines may prevent measles and rubella and their efficacy, expecially in the case of measles, is well ascertained. a vaccine against hepatitis b virus is desirable. controversial issues on antirabies and anti-influenza vaccines are m ...1979554552
[the preparation and preliminary clinical application of hbv hepatitis immune rna (author's transl)]. 1979555910
[epidemiology of hepatitis in swiss hemophiliacs].a total of 108 swiss haemophiliacs (89 haemophilia a and 19 haemophilia b patients) were investigated for the presence of serological hepatitis b virusmarkers and for transaminase abnormalities; the patients were also evaluated regarding hepatitis history. 22% of the patients were found to have a history of acute clinical hepatitis. 82% showed signs of hepatitis b virus (or hepatitis bs-antigen) exposure: 6% were shown to be hepatitis bs-antigen carriers, hepatitis b2-antibodies were found in 71 ...1979556269
hepatitis b virus infection in infants and toddlers in nigeria: the need for early intervention.one or more serologic markers of hepatitis b were detected in serum samples from 29 of 61 (48%) nigerian children between ages 6 months and 2 years who were followed for three months. eight (13%) had acute infections, nine (15%) had chronic infections, and 12 (20%) had transplacentally acquired maternal antibody. of 17 with active hepatitis b, 13 had been infected prior to the first serum sample (76% of infections) and four were infected during the three months of this study (24% of infections). ...1979556543
core antigen and circulating anti-core antibody in hepatitis b infection.core antigen was obtained from the sera of persistent chronic carriers of hepatitis b virus by centrifugation and treatment with nonidet p40 and 2-mercaptoethanol. the separated core antigen was radiolabelled and identified as a nucleoprotein structure of buoyant density 1.36 g/cm3 and possessing an isoelectric point of 4.4. this material was employed in a radioimmunoassay procedure of high sensitivity for the detection of core antibody. in a series of sera from patients with acute type b hepati ...1977557072
[morphological alteration and desintegration of dane particles after exposure with "gigasept". a first methological attempt for the evaluation of the virucidal efficacy of a chemical disinfectant against hepatitisvirus b ( author's transl)].a test system based on morphological alterations and desintegration of hepatitis virus b (hbv) is presented for the approximative evaluation of the virucidal efficacy of a chemical disinfectant. dane particles, supposed to be the infectious entity of hbv, were partially purified by a trap and a rate zonal ultracentrifugation from serum samples of a patient with chronic hepatitis undergoing an immune suppressive treatment because of leukemia. "gigasept" on the basis of succine dialdehyd and forma ...1977557269
[rearing and management of chimpanzees for experimental infection with hepatitis b virus (author's transl)].for the purpose of experimental infection with human hepatitis b virus, 14 chimpanzees (pan troglodytes) were delivered to the division of animal research, faculty of medicine, university of tokyo, tokyo. these chimps, 11 males and 3 females, born in the west africa, had been reared for two to six months. several days after delivery, they were anesthetized with ketalar in order to make clinical, bacteriological and parasitological examinations; it was found that one of them was in malnutrition, ...1977558103
disparate response of monozygotic twins to hepatitis b virus infection. 1977559734
[late sequelae of tumor treatment in childhood: hbsag persistance and liver diseases]. 1977559930
serodiagnosis of hepatitis b virus infection by antibody to core antigen.in a military population antibody to hepatitis b core antigen (anti-hbc) was found in 39% of acute hepatitis cases negative for hepatitis b surface antigen (hbs ag) and in 96% of hbs ag-positive cases. persistence of antibody to hbs ag (anti-hbs) in convalescent-phase sera was significantly greater (p less than 0.001) in individuals with acute hbs ag-positive hepatitis b than in patients with clinical hbs ag-negative hepatitis b. the prevalence of anti-hbc in the absence of hbs ag, anti-hbs, and ...1977560416
hepatitis b virus and sex ratio of offspring. 1978566954
infection with hepatitis b virus in infancy. a longitudinal study of 8 cases.eight infants who developed hbsag aged between 1 and 5 months were identified in the greater copenhagen area during the period 1970--76. 7 had acquired the infection from their mothers and one had received a hbsag-positive blood infusion, 3 infants had a transient infection lasting 2 to 8 months while the remaining cases developed persistent antigenaemia with evidence of minor liver dysfunction during a follow-up of one to 6 years. hbeag was persistently present in 4 of 5 infants, indicating inf ...1978568916
[perinatal hepatitis-b-virus infection caused by hbs antigen carrier mothers]. 1979569574
biological activity of hepatitis b antigens in cell culture.direct interference by purified hepatitis b surface antigen or virus particles was not demonstrated in tissue culture. significant levels of interferon were not induced. the surface antigen did not block the adsorption of other viruses.1978569686
[experiments for the development of a hepatitis b vaccine: immunogenicity of hbsag in guinea pigs (author's transl)].hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) was purified from human plasma by gel chromatography, isopyknic centrifugation, and zonal centrifugation. the final product had about 60% of the original activity and was essentially free from hepatitis b virus particles (hbv) and plasma proteins. treatment with formaldehyde concentrations up to 0.1% for inactivation of residual infectivity did not significantly reduce antigenicity in vitro and immunogenicity in guinea pigs. adsorption to aluminum hydroxide re ...1979572908
transmission experiments with hepatitis b surface antigen and the common bedbug (cimex lectularius l).hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag)-positive blood meals were fed to a colony of the common bedbug (cimex lectularius l) in a series of 5 experiments. antigen persisted in the bugs for at least 7 1/2 weeks, but was undetectable after 18 weeks. trans-stadial transmission was demonstrated through one moult only, and transovarial transmission did not occur. antigen was successfully transmitted by adult bugs into 3 out of 35 canisters of hbsag-negative blood. antibody of hbsag was detected in the se ...1979573506
shift from free "small" hepatitis b e antigen to igg-bound "large" form in the circulation of human beings and a chimpanzee acutely infected with hepatitis b virus.hepatitis b e antigen (hbeag) occurs both free and in association with igg in the circulation of individuals infected with hepatitis b virus (hbv). we determined free and igg-bound hbeag forms separately in the serum of humans and a chimpanzee acutely infected with hbv. in a patient with laboratory acquired hbv infection, the proportion of free hbeag gradually decreased from 89% to 23%. a similar shift from free to igg-bound form of hbeag was invariably observed in 5 additional patients with acu ...1979574101
prognostic implications of the e antigen of hepatitis b virus.the e antigen hbeag and its antibody anti-hb, have been said to be predictive of chronicity and resolution, respectively, in viral hepatitis. we found, as have others, a specific association with hepatitis b virus-induced disease. in addition, detectability of hbeag in the acute phase of type b hepatitis was followed by a sixfold higher incidence of chronic hepatitis. unfortunately, the prediction was erroneous in 65% of positive cases and 6% of negative cases. in chronic hepatitis, hbeag did no ...1977578882
hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) and antibody to hbsag. prevalence in homosexual and heterosexual men.the prevalence rates of serum hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) and antibody to hbsag (anti-hbs) were 5.6% and 34% in 144 homosexual men in seattle. prevalence rates were only 0.9% and 3.6% in 111 heterosexual male venereal disease clinic patients with nongonococcal urethritis, and also 0.9% and 3.6% in 111 healthy men undergoing routine physical examinations. thus, previous exposure to hepatitis b virus (hbv) was estimated to be 8.8 times greater for homosexual men than for heterosexual men. ...1977579199
hepatitis b infection in physicians. results of a nationwide seroepidemiologic survey.to define the epidemiologic features of occupationally acquired hepatitis b infection among physicians, we conducted a seroepidemiologic survey of physicians attending three american medical association conventions in 1975 and 1976. of 1,192 participating physicians, 220 (18.5%) had serologic evidence of prior hepatitis b virus infection (positive hepatitis b surface antibody). the infection rate was higher among those practicing in urban communities; it increased with the number of years in pra ...1978579391
hepatitis-b surface antigen and antibody in black and white patients with venereal diseases.the prevalence of both the hepatitis-b surface antigen (hbsag) and its specific antibody (anti-hbs) was significantly greater in the sera of white patients suffering from sexually transmitted diseases than that in white blood donors. however, black patients with venereal diseases did not show an increased prevalence of either hbsag or anti-hbs. these findings support the view that heterosexual transmission of the hepatitis-b virus is less likely to occur in populations in whom this infection is ...1977580069
[cellular immunity in 18 cirrhotic african carriers of hepatitis b virus surface antigen (hbsag)].the cell mediated immunity has been studied by 3 different tests on a population including 32 african patients with cirrhosis; amongst those, 18 were hbs ag carriers and 14 were hbs ag-. in those 2 groups, the intradermal tuberculin test and the dncb cutaneous test showed a striking imminutary deficiency in half cases. the lymphoblastic transformation induced by pha gave less striking results.1977580921
[current problems in virus hepatitis]. 1978581246
clinical trial of vaccine for type b hepatitis to begin next month. 1979581678
hepatitis b antigen in hepatocytes of chronic active liver disease.to study the morphologic interrelation of hepatocytes with the replication of hepatitis b vius (hbv) and immunocompetent cells in chronic active liver disease(cald), organ cultures were prepared from liver biopsy specimens. replication of hepatitis b core antigen (hbcag) appears to occur in the nucleus of the hepatocyte in close association with intranuclear electron-dense strands and sometimes intranucleolar matrixes (likely hbcag genomes), and cytoplasmic maturation of the hbcag takes place in ...1979581844
venereal transmission of hepatitis b virus. 1979582044
[hbv (hepatitis b virus) infection through the birth canal]. 1977587187
e antigen and antibody in outbreaks of hepatitis b in two renal dialysis units.in two renal dialysis units which had outbreaks of hepatitis b, patients were studied for the presence of e antigen and antibody. in one unit, in which the illness was mild and most of the patients (78%) became carriers of hbsag, all but one patient had e antigen. most of the hbsag carriers had persisting e antigen and most of the transient patients had also transient e antigen. in the other unit, in which the illness was more severe, none of the patients became a carrier. only 30% had e antigen ...1977599184
the infant and hepatitis b virus infection.hbv has been shown to be responsible for a broad spectrum of disease in infants although most are asymptomatic carriers with mild transaminase elevation and unresolved hepatitis on liver biopsy. maternal-infant transmission is responsible for most infections. blood product infusion should become less significant. acute maternal hepatitis in the perinatal period results in asymptomatic infant infections at rates far exceeding transmission from asymptomatic carrier mothers. carrier mothers with th ...1977602864
humoral and cell-mediated immunity to hepatitis b virus antigens in acute and chronic liver disease.the humoral immune response to hepatitis b virus antigens and the cell-mediated immunity to hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) were investigated in 12 healthy persons and 56 patients with various liver diseases. in patients with acute viral hepatitis type b, anti-hepatitis b core antigen was present constantly in serum in all phases, and after clinical recovery simultaneously with anti-hbs. a transitory cellular immune response to hbsag was demonstrated at the time the antigen was cleared, whil ...1977605351
high prevalence of hepatitis b virus infection among heavy alcohol drinkers in japan. 1977611365
australia antigen--a fresh approach. 1977614407
[epidemiologic study of chronic hepatitis in relation to heptatis b virus infections (author's transl)].in order to evaluate the role of hepatitis b virus (hbv) in the etiology of chronic liver diseases, paired sera of 143 patients with biopsy-documented chronic hepatitis were tested for hbsag and anti-hbs by radioimmunoassay method. hbsag was detected in 67.3% of patients with a preceding verified eipsode of acute hepatitis, and in 26.7% of patients with a cryptogenic form of chronic hepatitis. hbsag was not found in any of patients with alcoholic chronic hepatitis and in only two of 18 patients ...1977616263
[hepatitis b antigen (hbsag) in hospitalized children].blood samples of 1940 hospitalized children aged 0--18 years were investigated for presence of hbs-ag by counter-electrophoresis, haemagglutination and radioimmunoassay, hbs-ag was found in 1.34% of all patients, being distributed evenly amongst boys and girls. the incidence was 1.7% in patients from a large university children's hospital and 0.6% in patients from a group of regional hospitals. of 26 samples positive by radioimmunoassay, 1 only was found positive by insensitive counter-electroph ...1977617959
hepatitis b virus and primary liver cancer. 1978618428
seroconversion from hepatitis b e antigen to anti-hbe in acute hepatitis b virus infection. 1978622119
hepatitis b antigen and antibody among staff members of an israeli hospital and a kibbutz population.until recently, hepatitis type b was thought to be transmitted parenterally. however, much evidence has appeared regarding non-parenteral transmission. hospital personnel are exposed both ways to this disease. we compared the incidence of hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) and antibody (anti-hbs) among 388 workers at a major medical center in israel with 203 kibbutz residents, using radioimmunoassay procedures. of the hospital personnel, 1.8% were found to carry the antigen and 23.9% the antibo ...1978622814
antibody to hepatitis b core antigen in chronic active hepatitis.antibody to hepatitis b core antigen (anti-hbc), which has been assumed to be a more sensitive indicator of hepatitis b virus replication than hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag), was detected in the sera of 26 of our 65 patients with hbsag-negative chronic active hepatitis. thus despite the absence of hbsag the liver disease could be the consequence of chronic infection with hepatitis b virus in these patients. they differed, however, from a group of 35 patients with hbsag-positive hepatitis in ...1978624027
hepatitis b virus infections among danish dentists.since type b hepatitis is generally regarded as an occupational risk for dentists, the participants at the 1976 annual meeting of the danish dental association were examined for hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) and antibody to hbsag (anti-hbs). a total of 1,338 dentists (89% of the dentists at the meeting and 29% of all danish dentists) were included in the study by completion of a questionnaire and by radioimmunoassay of a blood sample for hgsag and anti-hbs. none of the dentists was hbsag-p ...1978624852
inhibition of hepatitis b dna polymerase by intercalating agents. 1978625339
[anti-hbc within the framework of hepatitis b virus infection: correlation to the form of inflammation and to the viral expression].168 hbag seropositive and 105 hbag seronegative liver biopsies were studied for correlations between anti-hbc titers (indirect immunofluorescence method) and tissue expression of hbsag and hbcag (immunofluorescence), dane particles in blood (immune electron microscopy) and inflammatory reaction. 98.8% of the hbag seropositive patients were positive for anti-hbc. the mean titers showed statistically significant differences mainly between chronic aggressive hepatitis (1:2(11.3)) versus lobular hep ...1978625636
transmission of hepatitis v virus infection by transfusion of frozen-deglycerolized red blood cells.chimpanzees were used to determine the ability of prior freezing of red blood cells to prevent the transmission of type b post-transfusion hepatitis. four units of human whole blood were each inoculated with 10(6) infectious doses of hepatitis b virus. although all units became hbsag negative after freezing and deglycerolization, hepatitis b virus infection developed in all four chimpanzees when these units were transfused. two of these chimpanzees had only serologic evidence of infection, inclu ...1978628386
viral hepatitis.viral hepatitis may be classified into three or more forms including type a hepatitis, type b hepatitis, and a group denoted as non-a non-b hepatitis which may represent viral hepatitis of one or more causes. the differentiation of these forms of hepatitis is primarily serologic. the development of antibody to hepatitis a virus can be detected by radioimmunoassay as well as by other test systems. the serologic diagnosis of type b hepatitis rests on the detection of hepatitis b surface antigen or ...1978629050
prevalence of hepatitis a and b infections in multiply transfused thalassaemic patients.evidence of hepatitis b virus (hbv) and hepatitis a virus (hav) infections was south in 148 multiply transfused patients with thalassaemia and in healthy controls (2040 for hbv and 217 for hav). the prevalence of the hbv surface antigen or antibody to it was significantly higher in patients than in controls and increased with the number of blood transfusions. in contrast, the prevalence of antibody to hav was significantly lower in patients than in controls and decreased with the number of blood ...1978630296
radioimmunoassay and some properties of human antibodies to hepatitis b core antigen.a solid-phase radioimmunoassay for antibodies to hepatitis b core antigen (anti-hbc) is described. polystyrene beads coated with anti-hbc, hepatitis b core antigen prepared from pooled sera of humans infected with hepatitis b virus (hbv) and 125i-labelled anti-hbc were used for the test. distinct patterns of development and changes of anti-hbc and their immunologic properties are all related to variations of other markers specific for hbv infections. knowledge concerning the detailed features of ...1978632812
effect of vidarabine on chronic hepatitis b virus infection. 1978633577
[immunologic diagnosis of chronic liver diseases]. 1978639653
immune response of leprosy patients to hepatitis b virus. 1978645701
hepatitis b surface antigen in human tears.the incidence of hepatitis b virus infection has been increasing every year in the united states, particularly among medical personnel. only half of these cases are associated with exposure to blood or blood products. respiratory, fecal-oral, and venereal methods of transmission of hepatitis b virus infection are supported by epidemiological evidence and by the demonstration of hepatitis b surface (hbsag) antigen in several body secretions. in this investigation, tears were collected from patien ...1978646696
type b hepatitis after transfusion with blood containing antibody to hepatitis b core antigen.we tested the hypothesis that donor blood containing antibody to hepatitis b core antigen (anti-hbc) but lacking detectable hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) and antibody (anti-hbs)might transmit type b hepatitis by examining donor and recipient serums from a veterans administration study of post-transfusion hepatitis. donor blood was available from three patients with type b hepatitis and from one patient with hepatitis b virus infection (development of anti-hbs and anti-hbc) without symptoma ...1978652005
transfusions and hepatitis: update in 1978. 1978652008
[humoral immunological studies in viral hepatitis and in hbag virus carriers]. 1978652352
prevalence of hepatitis b virus infection and hepatocellular carcinoma in chinese-americans. 1978659925
hepatitis and frozen blood cells. 1978661877
sounding board. use of hepatitis b immuneglobulin:reassessment needed. 1978661895
prevalence of hepatitis b in a high-risk setting: a serologic study of patients and staff in a pediatric oncology unit.the prevalence of serologic markers for hepatitis b virus (hbv) among 188 patients and 158 employees in a pediatric oncology unit was evaluated. evidence of past or present hbv infection was detected in 33 patients (18%) and in 25 employees (16%). the prevalence was higher among patients receiving chemotherapy (19%) than among those not receiving chemotherapy (7%). the prevalence of hbv serologic markers, while much higher than generally found among healthy children in the united states, was low ...1978662509
serologic evidence of hepatitis a and b virus infections in thalassemia patients: a retrospective study.to determine the current risk of hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection in multiply transfused thalassemia patients, we tested sera from such patients in new york city for the hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) and its antibody (anti-hbs) using radioimmunoassay techniques. altogether 48 per cent of the patients had either hbsag (4.5%) or anti-hbs (43.9%) positive sera. the prevalence of these hbv markers was related to both the number of units transfused and the year blood transfusion therapy was be ...1978664004
blood transusion: use and abuse of blood components.transfusion of whole blood and some blood components may result in serious or fatal complications, among which hepatitis is most frequent (20,000 to 30,000 cases and 3,000 deaths a year). although hepatitis b virus (hb ag) sometimes is implicated in posttransfusion hepatitis, non-a non-b. virus(es) (hepatitis "c" virus) probably accounts for most posttransfusion hepatitis. half of all blood transfusions may be unnecessary.responsible transfusion practice requires use of appropriate blood compone ...1978664642
[rna in surface antigen of hepatitis b virus (hbsag)].rna was isolated from hbsag particles obtained by the method of preparatory immunoprecipitation with anti-hbs antibodies. rna electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel showed presence of one fraction with molecular weight about 28 000. the index of rna sedimentation determined by the method of ultracentrifugation was about 4 s. rna from hbsag had no informative features of nucleic acids (m rna) such as presence of methyl group 5' of the end sequence m7 gpppn ("cap"), translatory activity. it had als ...1978665132
hepatitis b virus. the importance of "nonepidemics". 1978665619
[angio-immunoblastic lymphadenopathy and hepatitis b virus]. 1978666205
[hepatitis b virus infection in leprotics. i. detection of the hepatitis b surface antigens and antibodies by way of radio-immunology]. 1978668040
[risk of infection with hepatitis b virus in laboratory staff (author's transl)].considerable differences were discovered when 61 student technicians and 86 qualified laboratory staff were investigated for presence of hepatitis b (surface) antigen and hepatitis b (surface) antibodies in the blood. hbs antigen was not found in the trainees whereas 4.7% of the qualified personnel were hbs antigen positive. anti-hbs could be demonstrated in 6.6% of the trainees and in 36.1% of qualified technicians. these data demonstrate the considerable risk of medical personnel from hepatiti ...1978668523
[high risk groups of hepatitis b virus infection in a large hospital. demonstration of hepatitis b antigen, hepatitis b antibodies and dane particles in the personnel of a university hospital]. 1978668526
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