| sheep associated malignant catarrhal fever: an emerging disease of bovids in india. | malignant catarrhal fever (mcf) is a fatal lymphoproliferative disease affecting bovids, cervids and other ruminant species caused by viruses belonging to subfamily gammaherpesvirinae, genus macavirus. among the 10 mcf viruses known to cause the disease, alcelaphine herpesvirus 1 (alhv-1) and ovine herpesvirus 2 (ovhv-2) are the two most widely prevalent causative organisms. the alhv-1 naturally infects wildebeest and causes wildebeest associated mcf (wa-mcf) in cattle in regions of african sub- ... | 2013 | 24426294 |
| cross-reactivity of neutralizing antibodies among malignant catarrhal fever viruses. | some members of the gamma herpesvirus genus macavirus are maintained in nature as subclinical infections in well-adapted ungulate hosts. transmission of these viruses to poorly adapted hosts, such as american bison and cattle, can result in the frequently fatal disease malignant catarrhal fever (mcf). based on phylogenetic analysis, the mcf viruses (mcfv) cluster into two subgroups corresponding to the reservoir hosts' subfamilies: alcelaphinae/hippotraginae and caprinae. antibody cross-reactivi ... | 2015 | 26658281 |
| replacement of glycoprotein b in alcelaphine herpesvirus 1 by its ovine herpesvirus 2 homolog : implications in vaccine development for sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever. | vaccine development is a top priority in malignant catarrhal fever (mcf) research. in the case of sheep-associated mcf (sa-mcf) caused by ovine herpesvirus 2 (ovhv-2), progress toward this objective has been hindered by the absence of methods to attenuate or modify the virus, since it cannot be propagated in vitro. as an alternative for vaccine development, in this study, we tested the hypothesis that one of the sa-mcf vaccine candidate targets, ovhv-2 glycoprotein b (gb), could be expressed by ... | 2017 | 27504498 |
| malignant catarrhal fever in cows due to ovine herpesvirus type 2. | | 2011 | 21842548 |
| diagnostic exercise: generalized alopecia and mural folliculitis in a goat. | an 18-month-old cross-bred goat was presented with generalized erythema and thinning of the hair coat, as well as localized moderate scaling. histopathological evaluation of skin biopsies showed hyperplasia and marked disruption of the infundibular epithelium owing to a predominant infiltrate of macrophages with multinucleated histiocytic giant cells and some lymphocytes, plasma cells, and eosinophils. examination of peripheral blood and skin by polymerase chain reaction gave positive results fo ... | 2010 | 20348489 |
| retrospective evaluation of idiopathic hematuria and associated pathology in grant's gazelles (gazella granti): 10 cases. | ten cases of hematuria in grant's gazelle (gazella granti) (two male and eight female) from five institutions were examined and the clinicopathologic data summarized. five gazelles died spontaneously and five were euthanized. all gazelles had marked hematuria without pyuria. mean age at the onset of clinical signs and time of euthanasia or death was 5.0 +/- 1.4 yr and 8.2 +/- 3.7 yr, respectively. the severity of clinical signs with hematuria ranged from episodes of chronic intermittent hematuri ... | 2009 | 20063809 |
| the pathology of malignant catarrhal fever, with an emphasis on ovine herpesvirus 2. | the enigmatic pathogenesis of malignant catarrhal fever (mcf) involves dysregulated immune responses in susceptible ruminant species. economically important outbreaks of mcf are due to 2 of the 10 viruses currently comprising the malignant catarrhal fever virus group: ovine herpesvirus 2 (ovhv-2) and alcelaphine herpesvirus 1 (alhv-1). attempts to develop effective vaccines for this group of viruses in the 1970s were sufficiently discouraging that they were temporarily abandoned. this review foc ... | 2014 | 24503439 |
| malignant catarrhal fever of cattle is associated with low abundance of il-2 transcript and a predominantly latent profile of ovine herpesvirus 2 gene expression. | malignant catarrhal fever (mcf) is a lethal disease of cattle, characterized by vasculitis, necrosis, and accumulation of activated, dysregulated cytotoxic lymphocytes in various tissues. ovine gamma herpesvirus 2 (ovhv-2) is a causative agent of mcf, which may trigger the disease through immunopathogenic pathways. lymphocytes are the main target of the virus. however, the pathogenic basis of the disease is still mysterious. | 2009 | 19603070 |
| molecular and serological survey of selected viruses in free-ranging wild ruminants in iran. | a molecular and serological survey of selected viruses in free-ranging wild ruminants was conducted in 13 different districts in iran. samples were collected from 64 small wild ruminants belonging to four different species including 25 mouflon (ovis orientalis), 22 wild goat (capra aegagrus), nine indian gazelle (gazella bennettii) and eight goitered gazelle (gazella subgutturosa) during the national survey for wildlife diseases in iran. serum samples were evaluated using serologic antibody test ... | 2016 | 27997620 |
| detection of bovine herpesvirus 2 and bovine herpesvirus 4 dna in trigeminal ganglia of naturally infected cattle by polymerase chain reaction. | establishment of latent infection within specific tissues in the host is a common biological feature of the herpesviruses. in the case of bovine herpesvirus 2 (bohv-2), latency is established in neuronal tissues, while bovine herpesvirus 4 (bohv-4) and ovine herpesvirus 2 (ovhv-2) latent virus targets on cells of the monocytic lineage. this study was conducted in quest of bohv-2, bohv-4 and ovhv-2 dna in two hundred trigeminal ganglia (tg) specimens, derived from one hundred clinically healthy c ... | 2014 | 24725448 |
| production and utilization of interleukin-15 in malignant catarrhal fever. | malignant catarrhal fever (mcf) is an often fatal lymphoproliferative disease of ungulates caused by either alcelaphine herpesvirus-1 (alhv-1) or ovine herpesvirus-2 (ovhv-2). the pathogenesis of mcf is poorly understood, but appears to involve an auto-destructive pathology whereby cytotoxic lymphocytes destroy areas of a variety of tissues. the cytokine interleukin-15 (il-15) is involved in the development and maintenance of cytotoxic lymphocytes and may therefore have a role in the pathogenesi ... | 2008 | 18331739 |
| epizootic hemorrhagic disease in yaks (bos grunniens). | an epizootic of hemorrhagic disease associated with epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus serotype 2 (ehdv-2) infections in yaks from 5 herds occurred in colorado between august 21 and october 3, 2012. affected yaks presented with fever, lethargy, anorexia, dyspnea, and swollen conjunctivae. ulcerated dental pads, mucoid sanguineous nasal discharge, petechial hemorrhages in multiple organs, pulmonary edema, and serosanguinous fluid in the thorax, abdomen, and pericardial sac were observed at necro ... | 2013 | 23572453 |
| outbreak of wildebeest-associated malignant catarrhal fever in ankole cattle. | during an outbreak of malignant catarrhal fever in a herd of ankole cattle in a zoological collection, two adult cows and one adult bull from a herd of 15 died or were euthanased between july and november 2004. the clinical, gross postmortem and histological findings were typical of the disease in uk native domestic cattle. the diagnosis was confirmed by serology in two animals, and by pcr in all three; the pcr provided evidence of alcelaphine herpesvirus type 1 infection in all three animals an ... | 2007 | 18024925 |
| malignant catarrhal fever-like lesions associated with ovine herpesvirus-2 infection in three goats. | this is the first description of malignant catarrhal fever-like lesions associated with ovine herpesvirus-2 (ovhv-2) infection in goats with central nervous symptoms. the diagnosis was based on typical histological lesions characterized by systemic lymphohistiocytic and fibrinoid vasculitis and confirmed by polymerase chain reaction and subsequent phylogenetic analysis of the detected ovhv-2 sequences. | 2007 | 17543478 |
| resistance to malignant catarrhal fever in american bison (bison bison) is associated with mhc class iia polymorphisms. | the rhadinovirus ovine herpesvirus-2 (ovhv-2) is the most common causative agent of malignant catarrhal fever (mcf) in clinically susceptible ruminants including cattle and bison. american bison (bison bison) are highly susceptible to clinical mcf. nevertheless, approximately 20% of bison on ranches or in feedlots become infected with the virus without developing clinical disease. defining the genetic basis for differences in susceptibility between bison could facilitate development of improved ... | 2007 | 17326800 |
| pathogenesis of gammaherpesvirus infections. | gammaherpesviruses are members of an emerging subfamily among the herpesviridae. two genera are discriminated: (i) lymphocryptovirus, including its type species epstein-barr virus (ebv), and (ii) rhadinovirus, including viruses of interest for medicine, veterinary medicine, and biomedical research, i.e. alcelaphine herpesvirus 1, bovine herpesvirus 4, equine herpesvirus 2, human herpesvirus 8, mouse herpesvirus 68, and ovine herpesvirus 2 (ovhv-2). the perception that these viruses have a narrow ... | 2006 | 16332416 |
| characterization of bison bison major histocompatibility complex class iia haplotypes. | american bison (bison bison) and domestic cattle (bos taurus and bos indicus) evolved from a common ancestor 1-1.4 million years ago. nevertheless, they show dramatic differences in their susceptibility to infectious diseases, including malignant catarrhal fever (mcf). although bison are highly susceptible to ovine herpesvirus-2 (ovhv-2) associated mcf, about 20% of healthy domesticated and wild bison are positive for ovhv-2 antibody. we are interested in testing the hypothesis that, within the ... | 2005 | 16331512 |
| evaluation of ovine herpesvirus type 2 infections, as detected by competitive inhibition elisa and polymerase chain reaction assay, in dairy cattle without clinical signs of malignant catarrhal fever. | to monitor ovine herpesvirus type 2 (ovhv-2) infection status and the association between ovhv-2 infection and development of clinical signs of malignant catarrhal fever (mcf) in cattle. | 2005 | 16117071 |
| an acute multispecies episode of sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever in captive wild animals in an italian zoo. | in july 2011, in a zoological garden in rome, italy, malignant catarrhal fever (mcf), a fatal, systemic disease of artiodactyla, was suspected on the basis of neurological signs and gross lesions observed in a banteng, the first animal to die of this infection. an mcf type-specific pcr with subsequent sequencing of the pcr amplicon confirmed the aetiological agent as ovine herpesvirus-2 (ovhv-2). biological samples were collected from the dead animals for gross, histological, bacteriological, vi ... | 2016 | 25598396 |
| sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever-like skin disease in a free-ranging bighorn sheep ( ovis canadensis ), alberta, canada. | malignant catarrhal fever-like clinical disease was diagnosed in a free-ranging bighorn sheep ( ovis canadensis ) from alberta, canada, in june 2015. antemortem and gross pathology findings included muscle atrophy, marked weight loss, and bilaterally symmetric alopecia with hyperpigmentation and crusting over the face, medial surfaces of the pinnae, dorsal trunk, distal limbs, perineal area, and tail. histologically, the skin lesions were characterized by granulomatous mural folliculitis with nu ... | 2017 | 27749194 |
| a real-time pcr assay for measuring alcelaphine herpesvirus-1 dna. | alcelaphine herpesvirus-1 (alhv-1) is a rhadinovirus that causes malignant catarrhal fever in certain ruminant species and is an important pathogen in africa and other areas where carrier species and clinically susceptible ruminants intermingle. in this study, a real-time pcr for alhv-1 dna was developed and compared to an established nested pcr. the nested pcr amplifies a region of the alhv-1 gene coding for a transactivator protein (orf 50), while the real-time pcr assay targets the alhv-1 gen ... | 2005 | 15998545 |
| systemic disease in vaal rhebok (pelea capreolus) caused by mycoplasmas in the mycoides cluster. | in the winter of 2002, an outbreak of mycoplasma infection in vaal rhebok (pelea capreolus) originating from south africa occurred 15 weeks after their arrival in san diego, calif. three rhebok developed inappetence, weight loss, lethargy, signs related to pulmonary or arthral dysfunction, and sepsis. all three rhebok died or were euthanized. primary postmortem findings were erosive tracheitis, pleuropneumonia, regional cellulitis, and necrotizing lymphadenitis. mycoplasmas were detected in nume ... | 2005 | 15750104 |
| exploring the virome of cattle with non-suppurative encephalitis of unknown etiology by metagenomics. | non-suppurative encephalitis is one of the most frequent pathological diagnosis in cattle with neurological disease, but there is a gap in the knowledge on disease-associated pathogens. in order to identify viruses that are associated with non-suppurative encephalitis in cattle, we used a viral metagenomics approach on a sample set of 16 neurologically-diseased cows. we detected six virus candidates: parainfluenza virus 5 (piv-5), bovine astrovirus ch13/neuros1 (boastv-ch13/neuros1), bovine poly ... | 2016 | 26994586 |
| seroprevalence of ohv-2, bvdv, bhv-1, and brsv in ranch-raised bison (bison bison). | serum samples were collected at slaughter from 226 24-30-month-old american bison (bison bison) bulls from kansas, minnesota, north dakota, and manitoba and assayed for antibodies to ovine herpesvirus type-2 (ohv-2), bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), bovine herpesvirus type-1 (bhv-1), and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv). antibodies were detected by serum neutralization for bvdv, bhv-1, and brsv, while antibodies to ohv-2 were detected by competitive inhibition-elisa (ci-elisa). detec ... | 2002 | 12680649 |
| caprine herpesvirus-2 in association with naturally occurring malignant catarrhal fever in captive sika deer (cervus nippon). | three female sika deer from a single captive herd were submitted for postmortem examination over a 139-day period. the first 2 deer submitted were reported to have lost body mass for 20 days to 1 month before euthanasia. one of these deer had diarrhea, the other had a crusting dermatitis on the nasal planum and inner aspects of both pinnae. the third hind did not have any signs of disease before it was found seizuring and was immediately euthanatized. microscopically, all 3 animals had a lymphoc ... | 2003 | 12661731 |
| [porcine malignant catarrhal fever: diagnostic findings and first detection of the pathogenic agent in diseased swine in switzerland]. | for the first time ovine herpesvirus 2 (ovhv-2) was identified in swiss pigs as the causative agent of porcine malignant catarrhal fever (mcf). diseased animals from two farms were observed to show weakness, anorexia, fever up to 41 degrees c, and neurological symptoms, i.e. ataxia, convulsions and hyperesthesia, erosion on the snout and in the oral and nasal mucosa, as well as multiple skin lesions. histopathological findings included severe non-purulent inflammation with mononuclear cell infil ... | 2003 | 12649951 |
| malignant catarrhal fever in a bison (bison bison) feedlot, 1993-2000. | a fatal enteric syndrome was identified in american bison (bison bison) at a large feedlot in the american midwest in early 1998. an estimated 150 bison died of the syndrome between january 1998 and december 1999. the syndrome was identified as malignant catarrhal fever (mcf), primarily the alimentary form. clinical onset was acute, and most affected bison died within 1-3 days; none recovered. consistent lesions were hemorrhagic cystitis, ulcerative enterotyphlocolitis, and arteritis-phlebitis. ... | 2002 | 12033673 |
| detection and multigenic characterization of a herpesvirus associated with malignant catarrhal fever in white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) from missouri. | between 1998 and 2001, tissues from four captive white-tailed deer were observed to have histologic lesions of systemic lymphocytic vasculitis. these lesions suggested malignant catarrhal fever, although epizootic hemorrhagic disease and bluetongue were included in the differential diagnosis. initial diagnostic efforts, including virus isolation and reverse transcription-pcr for epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus and bluetongue virus, failed to identify an etiologic agent. however, consensus pr ... | 2002 | 11923350 |
| constitutive activation of lck and fyn tyrosine kinases in large granular lymphocytes infected with the gamma-herpesvirus agents of malignant catarrhal fever. | large granular lymphocytes (lgl) with a t or natural killer (nk) lymphoblast morphology and indiscriminate (non-major histocompatibility complex-linked) cytotoxicity for a variety of target cells can be derived in culture from the tissues of animals infected with either alcelaphine herpesvirus-1 (alhv-1) or ovine herpesvirus-2 (ovhv-2). in this study, lgl survival in the absence of exogenous interleukin-2 was inhibited by the protein kinase inhibitor genestein, but not the p70 s6 kinase inhibito ... | 2001 | 11168636 |
| newly recognized herpesvirus causing malignant catarrhal fever in white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus). | malignant catarrhal fever (mcf) was diagnosed by clinical signs and lesions in five out of six white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) in a north american zoo. the clinical signs and histopathological lesions in these deer were typical of mcf. antibody to an epitope conserved among the mcf viruses was detected in the sera collected from the deer. pcr failed to amplify viral sequences from dna extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes (pbl) and/or spleens of the deer with primers specific for ... | 2000 | 10747100 |
| detection of two novel porcine herpesviruses with high similarity to gammaherpesviruses. | evidence for the existence of porcine gammaherpesviruses was obtained by pcr and sequence analysis. initially, samples of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc), spleens, lungs, kidneys and livers of pigs from germany and spain were tested with a pcr assay which targets conserved regions of the herpesvirus dna polymerase gene with degenerate and deoxyinosine-substituted primers. amplicons of identical sequence were obtained from one spleen and two pbmc samples. this sequence showed a high per ... | 1999 | 10211967 |
| malignant catarrhal fever in bison, acute and chronic cases. | acute malignant catarrhal fever (mcf) was diagnosed in 10 bison from 6 herds and ranging from 1 to 6 years of age. the pattern of clinical signs and morphologic lesions differed among bison. combinations of corneal opacity, lacrimation, nasal discharge, depression, excess salivation, anorexia, diarrhea, melena, and hematuria were observed. vasculitis characterized by lymphoid infiltrates in the adventia with variable extension into media and intima was found in multiple tissues in each animal. f ... | 1998 | 9683074 |
| malignant catarrhal fever: inching toward understanding. | malignant catarrhal fever (mcf) is an often lethal infection of many species in the order artiodactyla. it is caused by members of the mcf virus group within gammaherpesvirinae. mcf is a worldwide problem and has a significant economic impact on highly disease-susceptible hosts, such as cattle, bison, and deer. several epidemiologic forms of mcf, defined by the reservoir ruminant species from which the causative virus arises, are recognized. wildebeest-associated mcf (wa-mcf) and sheep-associate ... | 2014 | 25384141 |
| a geographic cluster of malignant catarrhal fever in moose (alces alces) in norway. | three cases of lethal sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever (sa-mcf) in free-ranging moose (alces alces) were diagnosed in lesja, norway, december 2008-february 2010. the diagnosis was based on pcr identification of ovine herpesvirus 2 (ovhv-2) dna (n = 3) and typical histopathologic lesions (n = 1). to study the possibility of subclinical or latent mcf virus (mcfv) infection in this moose population and in red deer (cervus elaphus), we examined clinically normal animals sampled during hunt ... | 2015 | 25574807 |
| [investigation of the presence of the etiological agents of malignant catarrhal fever in clinically healthy ruminants in zoological gardens]. | malignant catarrhal fever (mcf) is an infectious disease in even-toed ungulates including domestic cattle and wild living ruminants, which repeatedly also occurred in zoological gardens in europe. the goal of the study presented here was to determine whether wild ruminants--here in the sense of non-domesticated ruminant species in zoological collections--normally not known as carriers of mcf viruses, may carry and shed these viruses and thus might play a possible role as source of infection. to ... | 2015 | 26054228 |
| identification of immuno-reactive capsid proteins of malignant catarrhal fever viruses. | malignant catarrhal fever (mcf) is a fatal disease of cattle and other ungulates caused by certain gamma-herpesviruses including alcelaphine herpesvirus-1 (alhv-1) and ovine herpesvirus-2 (ovhv-2). an attenuated virus vaccine based on alhv-1 has been shown to induce virus-neutralising antibodies in plasma and nasal secretions of protected cattle but the targets of virus-specific antibodies are unknown. proteomic analysis and western blotting of virus extracts allowed the identification of eight ... | 2014 | 25091530 |
| malignant catarrhal fever in american bison (bison bison) experimentally infected with alcelaphine herpesvirus 2. | malignant catarrhal fever (mcf), due to ovine herpesvirus 2 (ovhv-2), causes appreciable death loss in ranched bison (bison bison) throughout north america. no vaccine exists to protect animals from disease. since ovhv-2 has not been propagated in vitro, one strategy to develop a modified live vaccine is to use a closely related, non-pathogenic member of the malignant catarrhal fever virus family as a vector expressing potentially protective ovhv-2 epitopes. to date, no controlled experimental c ... | 2014 | 24803260 |
| a novel spliced gene in alcelaphine herpesvirus 1 encodes a glycoprotein which is secreted in vitro. | herpesviruses often contain cryptic, spliced genes that are not obvious from the initial in silico annotation. alcelaphine herpesvirus 1 (alhv-1) contains 72 annotated orfs but there are also a number of gaps between these that may have protein-coding potential. comparative analysis of coding potential between alhv-1 and the related ovine herpesvirus 2 (ovhv-2) revealed a putative novel spliced gene that we have termed a9.5. analysis of cdna clones from alhv-1-infected cells revealed three overl ... | 2013 | 23956300 |
| molecular characterization of encephalitic bovine listeriosis from southern brazil. | reports of bovine listeriosis in brazil are uncommon, being restricted to citations within retrospective studies, resulting in scarce documented information of this important disease of cattle. this manuscript describes the molecular findings associated with spontaneous encephalitic listeriosis in two steers from distinct herds within the state of paraná, southern brazil. both animals demonstrated altered consciousness suggestive of brain stem dysfunctions and died a few days after the initial o ... | 2014 | 23832703 |
| molecular and histopathological characterization of sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever (sa-mcf) outbreak in beef cattle. | an outbreak of suspected malignant catarrhal fever (mcf) was investigated by molecular and histopathological assays. of the 70 holstein beef calf herds, 14 were affected by multiple clinical signs suggestive of mcf infection. these beef calves were housed next to sheep flocks. in the complete blood count, the 14 affected calves had severe anaemia with leucopaenia, lymphopaenia and neutropaenia. upon pcr amplification using a hemi-nested pcr assay for the detection of the ovine herpesvirus 2 (ovh ... | 2014 | 22937962 |
| ovine herpesvirus type 2 infection in captive bison in india. | | 2012 | 22730503 |
| histophilus somni-induced infections in cattle from southern brazil. | the sudden death of three calves, one diarrheic calf, and one aborted fetus from four farms in southern brazil was investigated. two histophilus somni-associated syndromes were identified: systemic histophilosis (n = 4) and abortion (n = 1). the principal pathological findings included vasculitis, meningoencephalitis with thrombosis, necrotizing myocarditis, renal infarctions, hepatic abscesses, and bronchopneumonia. pcr assays were used to amplify specific amplicons of the ovine herpesvirus 2, ... | 2013 | 23526124 |
| two different macaviruses, ovine herpesvirus-2 and caprine herpesvirus-2, behave differently in water buffaloes than in cattle or in their respective reservoir species. | the ongoing global spread of "exotic" farm animals, such as water buffaloes, which carry their native sets of viruses, may bear unknown risks for the animals, into whose ecological niches the former are introduced and vice versa. here, we report on the occurrence of malignant catarrhal fever (mcf) on swiss farms, where "exotic" water buffaloes were kept together with "native" animals, i.e. cattle, sheep, and goats. in the first farm with 56 water buffaloes, eight cases of mcf due to ovine herpes ... | 2013 | 24386255 |
| serological survey to determine the occurrence of malignant catarrhal fever infection in the japanese small ruminant population from northern districts. | ovine herpesvirus 2 (ovhv-2) causes sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever (sa-mcf), and is responsible for economic losses in cattle and other susceptible species around the world. a survey of 154 serum samples from 14 flocks in 3 japanese prefectures (hokkaido, aomori and iwate) was undertaken between 2007 and 2008 to test for antibodies to ovhv-2. ovhv-2 was present in 56 sheep and 2 goats, with 37.66% of samples having a positive reaction using a serum neutralization test. the immune rea ... | 2013 | 23358513 |
| genetic characterization of ovine herpesvirus 2 strains involved in water buffaloes malignant catarrhal fever outbreaks in southern italy. | ovine herpesvirus 2 (ovhv-2) was responsible for two outbreaks of malignant catarrhal fever (mcf) on two water buffalo farms in southern italy. in this study, the presence of this virus in the nasal swabs from sick animals as well as in the organs of dead buffaloes was ascertained by a real-time pcr assay. positive samples also underwent a relative quantitative analysis of the viral dna in them. all the dead animals had the highest relative viral quantities, while buffaloes recovering from the v ... | 2017 | 28110782 |
| malignant catarrhal fever in brazilian cattle presenting with neurological syndrome. | malignant catarrhal fever (mcf) was investigated in the central nervous system of cattle with neurological syndrome. two-hundred-ninety samples were analyzed by histology, and molecular methods to detect ovine herpesvirus type 2 (ovhv-2) were optimized and validated. the qualitative polymerase chain reaction (qualitative pcr) analytical sensitivity was 10(1)dna copies/μl and found 4.8% (14/290) positive for ovhv-2. the quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) analytical sensitivity was 10(0 ... | 2017 | 28081979 |
| bovine malignant catarrhal fever: case reporting in central italy. | a case of malignant catarrhal fever (mcf) occurred in a 4‑month‑old calf housed in a semi‑intensive herd in central italy is described. the herd was in strict cohabitation with a group of domestic sheep. the calf displayed clinical signs that resembled the acute form of mcf and, after a few days of antibiotic and anti inflammatory therapy, died in september 2016. the diagnosis was confirmed in vivo in blood by detection of ovine herpesvirus type 2 dna through real‑time pcr. at necropsy, the gros ... | 2019 | 31599554 |
| ovine herpesvirus 2 glycoproteins b, h, and l are sufficient for, and viral glycoprotein ov8 can enhance, cell-cell membrane fusion. | ovine herpesvirus 2 (ovhv-2) is a gammaherpesvirus in the genus macavirus that is carried asymptomatically by sheep. infection of poorly adapted animals with ovhv-2 results in sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever, a fatal disease characterized by lymphoproliferation and vasculitis. there is no treatment or vaccine for the disease and no cell culture system to propagate the virus. the lack of cell culture has hindered studies of ovhv-2 biology, including its entry mechanism. as an alternati ... | 2017 | 28053110 |
| identification of a gammaherpesvirus belonging to the malignant catarrhal fever group of viruses in pyrenean chamois (rupicapra p. pyrenaica). | high prevalence (46 %) of a gammaherpesvirus was confirmed by molecular detection in the lungs of hunted pyrenean chamois. the partial glycoprotein b sequence up to the dna polymerase gene showed 96.6 % nucleotide sequence identity to the rupicapra rupicapra gammaherpesvirus 1 and 81.5 % to ovine herpesvirus 2. this novel sequence clusters within sequences derived from the malignant catarrhal fever group of viruses, and the corresponding virus is tentatively named rupicapra pyrenaica gammaherpes ... | 2016 | 27535412 |
| molecular analysis of south african ovine herpesvirus 2 strains based on selected glycoprotein and tegument genes. | ovine herpesvirus 2 (ovhv-2), is the causative agent of sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever (sa-mcf), a generally fatal disease of cattle and other captive wild ruminants. information on the ovhv-2 strains circulating in south africa (sa) and other african countries with regard to genetic structure and diversity, and pattern of distribution is not available. this study aimed to characterize the ovhv-2 strains circulating in sa using selected genes encoding glycoproteins and tegument prote ... | 2016 | 27002629 |
| transplacental transmission of ovine herpesvirus 2 in cattle with sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever. | sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever (sa-mcf) is an important infectious disease of ruminants worldwide that is caused by ovine herpesvirus 2 (ovhv-2). ovhv-2 is transmitted predominantly by contact between infected and susceptible hosts, while the documentation of vertical transmission is rare. this report presents the pathological and molecular findings associated with transplacental transmission of ovhv-2 in cattle. two girolanda cows with corneal oedema, lethargy, mucopurulent nasal di ... | 2015 | 26604083 |
| cross-sectional study indicates nearly a quarter of sheep population in karnataka state of india is infected with ovine herpesvirus 2. | in a cross-sectional study, prevalence of ovine herpesvirus 2 (family: herpesviridae, subfamily: gammaherpesvirinae, genus macavirus and species: ovine herpesvirus 2) infection was estimated in sheep population of karnataka state in india. based on the three stage cluster sampling method, whole blood samples (356) of sheep were collected from 11 sheep-dense districts of the state. the samples were tested for presence of ovhv-2 genome by recommended hemi-nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) tes ... | 2015 | 26396985 |
| malignant catarrhal fever in a vietnamese pot-bellied pig. a potential threat to pigs in mixed-species exhibits? | malignant catarrhal fever (mcf) represents a sporadic and often fatal disease in various ungulate species including rarely swine. a close contact between susceptible and reservoir species of ovine herpesvirus-2 (ovhv-2) is a requirement for virus transmission. as in ruminants, a rapid course of disease with lymphohistiocytic meningoencephalitis and necrotizing vasculitis in multiple organs is frequently seen in porcine mcf. this report describes a case of mcf in a vietnamese pot-bellied pig, whi ... | 2015 | 25947878 |
| malignant catarrhal fever in a red angus cow. | a 3-year-old cow was presented with bilateral corneal edema, increased respiratory effort, nasal discharge, and pyrexia. ovine herpesvirus-2 was detected, confirming malignant catarrhal fever (mcf). the findings from this case suggest that mcf should be included in the differential diagnosis of mature cattle with ocular and nasal lesions, especially when sheep are present on the farm. | 2015 | 25565720 |
| antibodies to ovine herpesvirus 2 glycoproteins decrease virus infectivity and prevent malignant catarrhal fever in rabbits. | ovine herpesvirus-2 (ovhv-2) is the etiological agent of sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever (sa-mcf), a fatal lymphoproliferative disease of many species in the order artiodactyla. development of a vaccine is critical to prevent mortality. because ovhv-2 has not been cultured in vitro, sa-mcf research is hindered by the lack of in vitro tools to study viral constituents and specific host immune responses. as an alternative, in this study the neutralizing activity of antibodies against ov ... | 2015 | 25542288 |
| detection of ovhv-2 from an outbreak of sheep associated malignant catarrhal fever from crossbred cattle of southern india. | an outbreak of sheep associated malignant catarrhal fever in crossbred cattle in a village of andhra pradesh, southern india, affected thirteen adult cows and two calves from a population of forty animals. all the affected animals were died between december and january 2013-14. the clinical and gross postmortem findings were typical of mcf in indian crossbred cattle. migrating sheep flocks were suspected source of infection for the cattle. the diagnosis was confirmed by heminested pcr in all the ... | 2014 | 25059821 |
| expression of ovine herpesvirus -2 encoded micrornas in an immortalised bovine - cell line. | ovine herpesvirus-2 (ovhv-2) infects most sheep, where it establishes an asymptomatic, latent infection. infection of susceptible hosts e.g. cattle and deer results in malignant catarrhal fever, a fatal lymphoproliferative disease characterised by uncontrolled lymphocyte proliferation and non mhc restricted cytotoxicity. the same cell populations are infected in both cattle and sheep but only in cattle does virus infection cause dysregulation of cell function leading to disease. the mechanism by ... | 2014 | 24849241 |
| analysis of the genetic diversity of ovine herpesvirus 2 in samples from livestock with malignant catarrhal fever. | in order to define better virus isolates from animals with malignant catarrhal fever (mcf), segments of three genes of ovine herpesvirus-2 were amplified from diagnostic samples representing mcf cases with a range of clinical presentations in cattle, including head and eye, alimentary and neurological. the variation within each gene segment was estimated by dna sequencing, which confirmed that the newly-annotated ov9.5 gene was significantly more polymorphic than either of the other loci tested ... | 2014 | 24846753 |
| ovine herpesvirus-2-encoded micrornas target virus genes involved in virus latency. | herpesviruses encode micrornas (mirnas) that target both virus and host genes; however, their role in herpesvirus biology is understood poorly. we identified previously eight mirnas encoded by ovine herpesvirus-2 (ovhv-2), the causative agent of malignant catarrhal fever (mcf), and have now investigated the role of these mirnas in regulating expression of ovhv-2 genes that play important roles in virus biology. orf20 (cell cycle inhibition), orf50 (reactivation) and orf73 (latency maintenance) e ... | 2014 | 24172907 |
| malignant catarrhal fever: an emerging disease in the african buffalo (syncerus caffer). | within the tribe bovini in the subfamily bovinae, the water buffalo (bubalus bubalis), american bison (bison bison), european bison (bubalus bonasus) and yak (bos grunniens) are recognized as species highly susceptible to malignant catarrhal fever (mcf). in contrast, the lack of reports describing clinical mcf in the african buffalo (syncerus caffer) whether free ranging or captive has led to a perception that african buffaloes are resistant to mcf. during the last decade, several cases of mcf i ... | 2015 | 23957274 |
| fibroblasts express ovhv-2 capsid protein in vasculitis lesions of american bison (bison bison) with experimental sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever. | american bison (bison bison) are particularly susceptible to developing fatal sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever (sa-mcf) caused by ovine herpesvirus-2 (ovhv-2), a γ-herpesvirus in the macavirus genus. this generally fatal disease is characterized by lymphoproliferation, vasculitis, and mucosal ulceration in american bison, domestic cattle (bos taurus), and other clinically susceptible species which are considered non-adapted, dead-end hosts. the pathogenesis and cellular tropism of ovhv ... | 2013 | 23953727 |
| active and latent ovine herpesvirus-2 (ovhv-2) infection in a herd of captive white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus). | malignant catarrhal fever (mcf) is the clinical manifestation of infection of certain ruminant species with one of a group of pathogenic gammaherpesviruses known as mcf viruses. cattle and numerous exotic ruminant species are susceptible to clinical disease that may be sporadic or occasionally epidemic in nature. the most common mcf virus worldwide is ovine herpesvirus (ovhv)-2. reservoir hosts such as sheep, carry and excrete ovhv-2, but do not develop clinical signs, while clinically susceptib ... | 2013 | 23453492 |
| are rabbits a suitable model to study sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever in susceptible hosts? | sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever (sa-mcf), caused by ovine herpesvirus 2 (ovhv-2), is an often fatal syndrome affecting mainly ruminants. sa-mcf pathogenesis and vaccine studies rely solely on live animals, since ovhv-2 has not been successfully propagated in vitro. thus, the identification of a laboratory animal model is desirable and necessary to accelerate the identification of virus-host interactions that lead to disease. rabbits are susceptible to infection with ovhv-2 and the dis ... | 2013 | 23394795 |
| molecular characterisation of ovine herpesvirus type 2 (ovhv-2) in turkey. | in this study, the physical examination of 22 cattle revealed clinical signs of malignant catarrhal fever (mcf). peripheral blood leukocyte (pbl) samples of the 22 cattle, and nasal (n = 7) and conjunctival (n = 9) swab samples from 16 sheep from two different farms, were taken for laboratory examination. the clinical diagnosis of mcf in cows was confirmed by the detection of ovine herpesvirus type 2 (ovhv-2) dna by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). ovhv-2 dna was detected by nested-pcr in pbl of ... | 2012 | 23160034 |
| ovine herpesvirus 2 infection in american bison: virus and host dynamics in the development of sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever. | ovine herpesvirus 2 (ovhv-2) is a gammaherpesvirus that causes sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever (sa-mcf), a frequently fatal disease mainly of ruminants. this study was designed to define virus-host dynamics following experimental ovhv-2 infection in bison. a transient peak in viral dna accompanied by the presence of ovhv-2 orf25, orf50 and orf73 transcripts was observed in lungs only from 9 to 12 days post-inoculation (dpi), suggesting occurrence of viral replication. this initial vir ... | 2012 | 22592216 |
| experimental induction of malignant catarrhal fever in pigs with ovine herpesvirus 2 by intranasal nebulization. | malignant catarrhal fever (mcf), a frequently fatal herpesviral disease primarily of ruminant species, has been sporadically reported in pigs. all cases of naturally occurring porcine mcf reported to date have been linked to ovine herpesvirus 2 (ovhv-2), a gammaherpesvirus in the genus macavirus carried by sheep. experimental induction of mcf by aerosolization of the virus in nasal secretions collected from infected sheep has been successful in bison, cattle and rabbits. the goals of this study ... | 2012 | 22560763 |
| [clinical and pathological findings in an alpaca suffering from malignant catarrhal fever]. | malignant catarrhal fever (mcf) is a worldwide occurring sporadic disease of cloven-hoofed animals. for the first time, this case report describes clinical and pathological as well as histopathological findings in an alpaca suffering from mcf caused by ovine herpesvirus 2. clinical symptoms comprised apathy, dehydration, anorexia, and emaciation. these symptoms were unspecific and did not correspond to any known course of mcf in cattle. however, the findings of the pathological and histopatholog ... | 2012 | 22526725 |
| diphtheric aspergillosis tracheitis with gastrointestinal dissemination secondary to viral infections in a dairy calf. | diphtheric aspergillosis tracheitis is an uncommon syndrome described in human pathology, usually associated with immunosuppression in the affected individuals. interestingly, no comparative/equivalent cases were found in domestic animals. this report describes the pathological and mycological findings associated with diphtheric aspergillosis tracheitis in an immunocompromised calf. the main pathological findings were diphtheric tracheitis and rhinitis, and necrotizing ruminitis associated with ... | 2020 | 32910985 |
| the participation of a malignant catarrhal fever virus and mycoplasma bovis in the development of single and mixed infections in beef and dairy cattle with bovine respiratory disease. | the bovine respiratory disease (brd) complex is a multietiological and multifactorial disease associated with a wide range of viral and bacterial pathogens. this study evaluated the contribution of specific infectious disease agents in the development of brd in cattle from brazil and determined if a virus within the malignant catarrhal fever virus (mcfv) group and mycoplasma bovis, acting individually or in conjunction, can be associated with the development of brd. formalin-fixed paraffin-embed ... | 2021 | 34368279 |
| detection and molecular characterization of naturally transmitted sheep associated malignant catarrhal fever in cattle in india. | malignant catarrhal fever (mcf) is a fatal herpesvirus infection of domestic and wild ruminants, with a short and dramatic clinical course characterized primarily by high fever, severe depression, swollen lymph nodes, salivation, diarrhea, dermatitis, neurological disorders, and ocular lesions often leading to blindness. in the present study, fatal clinical cases of sheep associated malignant catarrhal fever (sa-mcf) were identified in cattle in the state of karnataka. these cases were initially ... | 2014 | 24817424 |
| detection of sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever from clinical cases in ethiopian cattle. | mucoid nasal discharge, loss of weight, decreased milk production, diarrhoea, salivation, dyspnoea, fever, lacrimation, bilateral corneal opacity and bloody urine were observed in cattle located in the arbe gona district of southern ethiopia. the disease was associated with a high case fatality rate: diseased cattle died within four to five days after showing clinical signs. the clinical presentation, gross pathological observations, histopathological findings and epidemiological data strongly s ... | 2013 | 24761736 |
| neuropathological survey reveals underestimation of the prevalence of neuroinfectious diseases in cattle in switzerland. | neuroinfectious diseases in livestock represent a severe threat to animal health, but their prevalence is not well documented and the etiology of disease often remains unidentified. the aims of this study were to generate baseline data on the prevalence of neuroinfectious diseases in cattle in switzerland by neuropathological survey, and to identify disease-associated pathogens. the survey was performed over a 1-year period using a representative number of brainstem samples (n=1816) from fallen ... | 2017 | 28888628 |