| preventing sexually transmitted infections: back to basics. | sexually transmitted infections (stis) have plagued humans for millennia and can result in chronic disease, pregnancy complications, infertility, and even death. recent technological advances have led to a better understanding of the causative agents for these infections as well as aspects of their pathogenesis that might represent novel therapeutic targets. the articles in this review series provide excellent updates on the recent advances in understanding of the pathogenesis of some very impor ... | 2011 | 22133882 |
| the anti-hsv-2 effect of alumen: in vitro and in vivo experimental studies. | this study investigated the anti-hsv-2 effect of alumen through in vitro and in vivo experiments. viable cell counting was employed to assess the toxicity of alumen on vero cells. the inhibition rate of hsv-2 was defined as the cytopathic effect (cpe) of the cells infected with the virus. alumen suppositories of different concentrations were vaginally applied to the guinea pigs which were then infected with hsv-2 via a vaginal route. the clinical symptoms were observed and the local virus titer ... | 2011 | 22173507 |
| innate and adaptive immune responses to herpes simplex virus. | immune responses against hsv-1 and hsv-2 are complex and involve a delicate interplay between innate signaling pathways and adaptive immune responses. the innate response to hsv involves the induction of type i ifn, whose role in protection against disease is well characterized in vitro and in vivo. cell types such as nk cells and pdcs contribute to innate anti-hsv responses in vivo. finally, the adaptive response includes both humoral and cellular components that play important roles in antivir ... | 2009 | 21994578 |
| genetic factors influence serological measures of common infections. | antibodies against infectious pathogens provide information on past or present exposure to infectious agents. while host genetic factors are known to affect the immune response, the influence of genetic factors on antibody levels to common infectious agents is largely unknown. here we test whether antibody levels for 13 common infections are significantly heritable. | 2011 | 21996708 |
| seroprevalence and risk factors of herpes simplex virus type-2 infection among pregnant women in northeast india. | abstract: background: herpes simplex virus type-2 (hsv-2) is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections that facilitate human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) acquisition by over two fold or more. the development of hsv-2 control methods as a measure to control hiv epidemic in high hsv-2/hiv areas has become a priority. two out of the six high hiv prevalent states of india are located in the northeastern region of india. due to lack of documented hsv-2 studies from this part of the coun ... | 2011 | 22111810 |
| are human herpes viruses associated with autoimmune thyroid disease? | autoimmune diseases are complex diseases with genetic, endogenous and environmental etiologies. viral infections have been postulated as one of the factors that may be the trigger of autoimmune diseases. | 2011 | 22169789 |
| time to refocus on hsv interventions for hiv prevention? | | 2011 | 21998480 |
| rna binding properties of the us11 protein from four primate simplexviruses. | the protein encoded by the us11 gene of herpes simplex viruses is a dsrna binding protein which inhibits protein kinase r activity, thereby preventing the interferon-induced shut down of protein synthesis following viral infection. us11 protein is not essential for infectivity in vitro and in mice in herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv1), however this virus has a second, and apparently more important, inhibitor of pkr activity, the γ134.5 protein. recently sequenced simian simplexviruses sa8, hvp2 ... | 2011 | 22054255 |
| Association of GRIN1 and GRIN2A-D with schizophrenia and genetic interaction with maternal herpes simplex virus-2 infection affecting disease risk. | N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are very important for proper brain development and several lines of evidence support that hypofunction of the NMDA receptors are involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Gene variation and gene-environmental interactions involving the genes encoding the NMDA receptors are therefore likely to influence the risk of schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to determine (1) whether SNP variation in the genes (GRIN1, GRIN2A, GRIN2B, GRIN2C, and GRIN2D) ... | 2011 | 21919190 |
| genotypic characterization of herpes simplex virus dna polymerase ul42 processivity factor. | the herpes simplex virus (hsv) dna polymerase is composed of the ul30 catalytic subunit and the ul42 processivity factor. the ul42 subunit increases the processivity of the polymerase along the dna template during replication. the molecular mechanisms of hsv resistance to drugs interfering with viral dna synthesis reported so far mainly rely on modifications of the viral thymidine kinase and dna polymerase. we aimed to extensively describe the genetic variations of hsv ul42 processivity factor a ... | 2012 | 22061617 |
| prevalence of & knowledge, attitude & practices towards hiv & sexually transmitted infections (stis) among female sex workers (fsws) in andhra pradesh. | as part of the baseline survey carried out during 2005-06, biological and behavioural data were generated on about 3200 female sex workers (fsws), from eight districts of andhra pradesh (ap), india. this study describes the relationship between socio-demographic and behavioural factors with consistent condom use (ccu) and hiv among fsws in ap. | 2011 | 22089609 |
| Identification of human herpesviruses 1 to 8 in Tunisian multiple sclerosis patients and healthy blood donors. | Members of the human Herpesviridae family are candidates for representing the macroenvironmental factors associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis. To verify the possible role of human herpesviruses (HHVs) as triggering or aggravating factors in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis clinical outcome, we studied the prevalence of all eight human herpesviruses in whole blood samples collected from 51 MS patients and from 51 healthy controls. The presence of DNA of herpes simplex virus ... | 2011 | 22058062 |
| gene polymorphism of thymidine kinase and dna polymerase in clinical strains of herpes simplex virus. | the thymidine kinase (tk) and dna polymerase (pol) genes of herpes simplex virus type-1 (hsv-1) and type-2 (hsv-2) are important targets for genotypic determination of hsv resistance to antiviral drugs. the knowledge of gene polymorphism is an absolute requirement for the correct interpretation of genotypic findings. | 2011 | 22024514 |
| immunology in the clinic review series; focus on host responses: t cell responses to herpes simplex viruses. | herpes virus infections are chronic and co-exist with acquired immune responses that generally prevent severe damage to the host, while allowing periodic shedding of virus and maintenance of its transmission in the community. herpes simplex viruses type 1 and 2 (hsv-1, hsv-2) are typical in this regard and are representative of the viral subfamily alphaherpesvirinae, which has a tropism for neuronal and epithelial cells. this review will emphasize recent progress in decoding the physiologically ... | 2012 | 22132884 |
| Bridging the gap between preclinical and clinical microbicide trials: blind evaluation of candidate gels in murine models of efficacy and safety. | Despite significant protection in preclinical studies, cellulose sulfate (CS) failed to protect women against HIV-1/2 and was associated with a trend toward increased HIV-1 acquisition in one of the clinical trials. These results highlight the need for preclinical tests more predictive of clinical outcomes. The objective of this study was to test coded vaginal gels, including CS, in murine models of safety and efficacy to determine the models' utility for evaluating future products. | 2011 | 22096611 |
| Rapid virological diagnosis of central nervous system infections by use of a multiplex reverse transcription-PCR DNA microarray. | Viruses are the main etiological cause of central nervous system (CNS) infections. A rapid molecular diagnosis is recommended to improve the therapeutic management of patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performances of a DNA microarray, the Clart Entherpex kit (Genomica, Coslada, Spain), allowing the rapid and simultaneous detection of 9 DNA and RNA neurotropic viruses: herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), HSV-2, varicella-zoster virus (VZV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus ... | 2011 | 21918017 |
| [Construction of the HSV-1 strain HF amplicon and study on its unversal function between different HSV serotypes]. | The study aimed to construct the amplicon vector of HSV-1 strain HF and explore its universal package function between different serotypes of HSV. OriS and pac elements were obtained by enzyme digestion from the Plasmid BAC-HSV-1 strain HF and sequenced. With red fluorescence (DsRed) as a reporter gene, the amplicon vector of HSV-1 strain HF was constructed based on pSilencer2.0-U6. The amplicon vector was transfected into Vero cells by lipofectamine 2000, then packaged by HSV-1 strain HF and HS ... | 2011 | 21998950 |
| Effects of Ilex paraguariensis A. St. Hil. (Yerba Mate) on Herpes Simplex Virus Types 1 and 2 Replication. | The antiherpes effects of the crude extract obtained from Ilex paraguariensis leaves (yerba mate) and their purified fractions were investigated. The most active fraction was selected and assayed to determine the viral multiplication steps upon which it acted. In order to detect the major components of this fraction, thin layer chromatography (TLC) analysis was performed. The antiviral activity was evaluated against HSV-1 and HSV-2 by a viral plaque number reduction assay (IC(50) ) and the cytot ... | 2011 | 21915933 |
| Potent antiviral flavone glycosides from Ficus benjamina leaves. | Crude ethanol extracts from Ficus benjamina leaves strongly inhibit Herpes Simplex Virus 1 and 2 (HSV-1/2) as well as Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) cell infection in vitro. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the crude extract demonstrated that the most efficient inhibition of HSV-1 and HSV-2 was obtained with the flavonoid fraction. The present study was aimed to further isolate, purify and identify substances with potent antiviral activity from the flavonoid fraction of F. benjamina extracts. Flav ... | 2011 | 22155188 |
| valacyclovir suppressive therapy reduces plasma and breast milk hiv-1 rna levels during pregnancy and postpartum: a randomized trial. | background. the effect of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) suppression on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) rna in the context of prevention of mother-to-child transmission (pmtct) interventions is unknown. methods. between april 2008 and august 2010, we conducted a randomized, double-blind trial of twice daily 500 mg valacyclovir or placebo beginning at 34 weeks gestation in 148 hiv-1/hsv-2 coinfected pregnant kenyan women ineligible for highly active antiretroviral therapy (cd4 > ... | 2011 | 22147786 |
| impact of herpes simplex virus type 2 on hiv-1 acquisition and progression in an hiv vaccine trial (the step study). | extensive observational data suggest that herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infection may facilitate hiv acquisition, increase hiv viral load, and accelerate hiv progression and onward transmission. to explore these relationships, we examined the impact of preexisting hsv-2 infection in an international hiv vaccine trial. | 2011 | 21860356 |
| Prevalence of herpes simplex virus type 2 infection, human immunodeficiency virus/herpes simplex virus type 2 coinfection, and associated risk factors in a national, population-based survey in Kenya. | Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) is a known biologic cofactor for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission and acquisition. The Kenya AIDS Indicator Survey 2007 provided Kenya's first nationally representative estimate of HSV-2 prevalence and risk factors. | 2011 | 21992985 |
| Successful treatment of aciclovir and foscarnet resistant Herpes simplex virus lesions with topical imiquimod in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. | Aciclovir (ACV)-resistant Herpes simplex virus type-2 (HSV-2) infections are observed commonly in patients also infected with HIV-1. The use of foscarnet (FOS) in these patients may also lead to resistance. This situation can become a difficult therapeutic challenge. Four cases of patients infected with HIV and with mucocutaneous HSV-2 resistant to ACV and FOS are reported. These patients were treated successfully with topical 5% imiquimod. Imiquimod treatment also appeared to delay the time to ... | 2012 | 22170537 |
| herpes simplex virus-2 in the genital mucosa: insights into the mucosal host response and vaccine development. | herpes simplex virus (hsv)-2 is the predominant cause of genital herpes and has been implicated in hiv infection and transmission. thus far, vaccines developed against hsv-2 have been clinically ineffective in preventing infection. this review aims to summarize the innate and adaptive immune responses against hsv-2 and examines the current status of vaccine development. | 2012 | 22143115 |
| the association of depression, risky sexual behaviours and herpes simplex virus type 2 in adults in nhanes, 2005-2008. | objectives depression has been linked to risky sexual behaviours in adolescents, but there is little research among adults. the goal of this analysis was to examine the associations between current depression and self-reported risky sexual behaviours in a nationally representative sample of us adults aged 20-59 years. the authors also examined the association between depression and infection with herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2), a biological marker of risky sexual behaviours. methods the au ... | 2011 | 22057015 |
| characterization of natural killer cell phenotype and function during recurrent human hsv-2 infection. | human natural killer (nk) cell differentiation, characterized by a loss of nkg2a in parallel with the acquisition of nkg2c, kirs, and cd57 is stimulated by a number of virus infections, including infection with human cytomegalovirus (cmv), hantavirus, chikungunya virus, and hiv-1. here, we addressed if hsv-2 infection in a similar way drives nk cell differentiation towards an nkg2a(-)nkg2c(+)kir(+)cd57(+) phenotype. in contrast to infection with cmv, hantavirus, chikungunya virus, and hiv-1, rec ... | 2011 | 22110712 |
| atypical pityriasis rosea in a pregnant woman: first report associating local herpes simplex virus 2 reactivation. | | 2011 | 21958020 |
| herpes simplex virus type 2 serological testing and psychosocial harm: a systematic review. | serological testing for herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 2 in persons without a history of genital herpes is not recommended, partly because of concerns that an hsv-2 diagnosis would lead to negative psychosocial sequelae. this review aimed to examine the evidence regarding the psychosocial effects of hsv-2 serological testing. | 2011 | 21903980 |
| efficacy of orally administered low dose n-methanocarbathymidine against lethal herpes simplex virus type-2 infections of mice. | n-methanocarbathymidine (n-mct) has previously been shown to be effective against lethal orthopoxvirus and herpes simplex virus type-1 infections in mice. in this investigation, the antiviral activity of n-mct was assessed against herpes simplex virus type-2 (hsv-2) in balb/c mice. | 2011 | 22095521 |
| Rhombencephalitis / brainstem encephalitis. | Rhombencephalitis (RE) is a syndrome of multiple causes and multiple outcomes. Most authors now use the terms "rhombencephalitis" and "brainstem encephalitis" interchangeably even though anatomically they are slightly different. The etiologic categories of RE include infections, autoimmune diseases, and paraneoplastic syndromes (PNS). Listeria is the most common cause of infectious RE. Listeria RE primary occurs in healthy young adults. It usually occurs as a biphasic time course with a flu-like ... | 2011 | 21956758 |
| single and combination herpes simplex virus type 2 glycoprotein vaccines adjuvanted with cpg oligodeoxynucleotides or monophosphoryl lipid a exhibit differential immunity that is not correlated to protection in animal models. | despite several attempts to develop an effective prophylactic vaccine for hsv-2, all have failed to show efficacy in the clinic. the most recent of these failures was the glaxosmithkline (gsk) subunit vaccine based on the glycoprotein gd with the adjuvant monophosphoryl lipid a (mpl). in a phase 3 clinical trial, this vaccine failed to protect from hsv-2 disease, even though good neutralizing antibody responses were elicited. we aimed to develop a superior, novel hsv-2 vaccine containing either ... | 2011 | 21852545 |
| detailed analysis of mucosal herpes simplex virus-2 replication kinetics with and without antiviral therapy. | the presence of herpes simplex virus-2 (hsv-2) shedding episodes correlates with transmission to sexual partners and neonates, and some episodes correlate with disease manifestations. hsv-2-targeted guanosine analogues are effective when given on a prophylactic basis, but do not completely eliminate recurrences, asymptomatic shedding or transmission. we sought to describe the impact of twice-daily aciclovir and famciclovir on shedding episodes. | 2011 | 21865349 |
| Male Circumcision and Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Infection in Female Partners: A Randomized Trial in Rakai, Uganda. | Male circumcision reduces acquisition of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) in men. We assessed whether male circumcision reduces HSV-2 infection among female partners. HSV-2-negative, human immunodeficiency virus-negative female partners of 368 males who were and 372 males who were not randomized to receive male circumcision were enrolled. The incidence of HSV-2 infection among females over a period of 2 years was 6.09 cases per 100 person-years in the intervention arm and 6.32 cases per 100 p ... | 2011 | 22147796 |
| MEK1-ERKs signal cascade is required for the replication of Enterovirus 71 (EV71). | The role of the MEK1-ERK signaling cascade in the replication cycle of Enterovirus 71 (EV71), the primary cause of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD), has been analyzed. In vitro infection with EV71 induced a biphasic activation of ERK. The two phases of activation appeared to be triggered by different mechanisms, with the first phase being activated by the binding of viral particles to the membrane receptor of host cells and the second probably being in response to the production of new virus ... | 2012 | 22101247 |
| Impact of international laboratory partnerships on the performance of HIV/sexually transmitted infection testing in five resource-constrained countries. | To review a quality control and quality assurance (QC/QA) model established to ensure the validity and reliability of collection, storage and analysis of biological outcome data, and to promote good laboratory practices (GLPs) and sustained operational improvements in international clinical laboratories, we conducted a two-arm randomized community-level HIV behavioural intervention trial in five countries: China, India, Peru, Russia and Zimbabwe. The trial was based on diffusion theory utilizing ... | 2011 | 22096049 |
| Comparative evaluation of the QIAGEN QIAsymphony® SP system and bioMérieux NucliSens easyMAG automated extraction platforms in a clinical virology laboratory. | The QIAGEN QIAsymphony(®) SP is an automated system that can process a variety of different sample types for nucleic acid extraction. | 2011 | 22014618 |
| HSV-2: in pursuit of a vaccine. | Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) is one of the most prevalent sexually transmitted infections worldwide. In addition to recurrent genital ulcers, HSV-2 causes neonatal herpes, and it is associated with a 3-fold increased risk for HIV acquisition. Although many HSV-2 vaccines have been studied in animal models, few have reached clinical trials, and those that have been tested in humans were not consistently effective. Here, we review HSV-2 pathogenesis, with a focus on novel understanding of m ... | 2011 | 22133885 |
| Structures and anti-HSV-2 activities of neutral polysaccharides from an edible plant, Basella rubra L. | Four neutral polysaccharides (BRN-1, BRN-2, BRN-3 and BRN-4) were isolated from the hot water extract of the aerial part of Basella rubra L. They were found to consist of a large amount of d-galactose (81.0-92.4%) and small amounts of l-arabinose (5.4-7.8%), d-glucose (2.2-11.0%) and mannose (~2.9%). Linkage analysis revealed that all these neutral polysaccharides might be arabinogalactan type I polysaccharides in different molecular weight and chain length. Among them, only BRN-3 showed antivir ... | 2012 | 22085753 |
| prospective seroepidemiologic study of human papillomavirus and other risk factors in cervical cancer. | several sexually transmitted infections (sti) have been reported to interact with human papillomavirus (hpv) in the etiology of cervical cancer. a large cohort study is required to obtain a both unbiased and stable estimate of their effects. | 2011 | 21994401 |
| serum antibodies to toxoplasma gondii and herpesvidae family viruses in individuals with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: a case-control study. | recent etiological studies for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder have focused on the protozoan toxoplasma gondii and herpesvirdae family viruses. | 2011 | 21991754 |
| Prevalence & correlates of primary infertility among young women in Mysore, India. | There are sparse data on the prevalence of primary infertility in India and almost none from Southern India. This study describes the correlates and prevalence of primary infertility among young women in Mysore, India. | 2011 | 22089604 |
| Protective effect of brown Brazilian propolis against acute vaginal lesions caused by herpes simplex virus type 2 in mice: involvement of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. | Propolis has been highlighted for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiviral properties. The purpose of this study was to investigate if brown Brazilian hydroalcoholic propolis extract (HPE) protects against vaginal lesions caused by herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) in female BALB/c mice. The treatment was divided in 5?days of pre-treatment with HPE [50?mg·kg(-1) , once a day, intragastric (i.g.)], HSV-2 infection [10?µl of a solution 1?×?10(2) plaque-forming unit (PFU·ml(-1) HSV-2), ... | 2011 | 22025285 |
| association of age and gender with alphaherpesvirus infections of the central nervous system in the immunocompetent host. | background: the alphaherpesviruses varicella-zoster virus (vzv) and human herpes simplex virus types 1 (hsv-1) and 2 (hsv-2) can cause severe infections of the central nervous system (cns). objectives: to analyze whether age and gender of immunocompetent individuals are associated with the incidence of herpesvirus cns diseases. study design: a total of 241 patients with virologically confirmed hsv-1, hsv-2 or vzv-infection of the cns (excluding neonatal infection and varicella), diagnosed at the ... | 2012 | 22265826 |
| high human immunodeficiency virus incidence in a cohort of rwandan female sex workers. | measurement of human immunodeficiency virus(hiv) incidence among female sex workers in rwanda is a key part of preparing for hiv prevention trials. | 2011 | 22256340 |
| the relationship between age of coital debut and hiv seroprevalence among women in durban, south africa: a cohort study. | objectives to investigate the impact of early sexual debut on hiv seroprevalence and incidence rates among a cohort of women. design prospective study. setting kwazulu-natal, south africa. participants a total of 3492 sexually active women who consented to screen a hiv prevention trial during september 2002 to september 2005; a total of 1485 of them were followed for approximately 24 months. primary and secondary outcome measures hiv seroprevalence among those who were screened for the trial ... | 2012 | 22223838 |
| aciclovir treatment for human immunodeficiency virus-1: is the “juice worth the squeeze?”. | | 2011 | 22256341 |
| lactoferricin but not lactoferrin inhibit herpes simplex virus type 2 infection in mice. | we have evaluated the potential of bovine lactoferrin and lactoferricin for their ability to prevent and/or treat genital hsv-2 infection in mice. we confirm previous data showing that both lactoferrin and lactoferricin have antiviral properties in vitro and can inhibit hsv-2 infection of gmk cells in a dose-dependent manner. when tested in vivo, lactoferricin but not lactoferrin was also a potent inhibitor of hsv-2 infection. when admixed with virus prior to inoculation, lactoferricin inhibited ... | 2012 | 22269645 |
| hsv-2 seroepidemiology and risk factors among iranian women: a time to new thinking. | genital herpes is a common sexually transmitted disease in many developed and developing countries mostly caused by herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2). this study determines the prevalence of hsv-2 infection between two groups of women with high and low risk behaviors. | 2011 | 22737421 |
| evolution of sexually transmitted and sexually transmissible human herpesviruses. | herpesviruses occur in an impressively wide range of animals and are associated with various diseases. the numerous routes taken during hundreds of millions of years of evolution have contributed to their striking adaptability and success as pathogens. herpesviruses share a distinct virion structure and are classified taxonomically into a single order, the herpesvirales, which is divided into three families. the phylogenetic relationships among members of the most populous family, the herpesviri ... | 2011 | 22417106 |
| prevalence of hiv and sexually transmitted infections among clients of female sex workers in karnataka, india: a cross-sectional study. | studies have demonstrated the significance of commercial sex work in the ongoing transmission of hiv and other sexually transmitted infections (stis) in india. clients of female sex workers (fsws) are thought to be an important bridging population for hiv/stis. however, there is a lack of information on basic characteristics of sex work clients. this study sought to describe the prevalence of hiv and other stis, as well as examine the determinants of these pathogens among a sample of clients in ... | 2011 | 22375691 |
| an ulcerated lesion due to hsv-2 infection with a cd56+ cell predominant inflammatory infiltrate. | cd56+ rich inflammatory infiltrates have been described in several cutaneous inflammatory conditions. however, cd56+ cells rarely account for more than 10% of the cells in such infiltrates. in certain conditions, such as insect bites or infection with herpes virus, cd56+ cells can be up to 43% of the cells in the infiltrate. this contrasts with what is observed in natural killer (nk)-cell lymphomas, which show a diffuse, atypical infiltrate in which most of the cells are cd56+. in this report, w ... | 2011 | 22367376 |
| antiviral and virucidal activities of nα-cocoyl-l-arginine ethyl ester. | various amino acid-derived compounds, for example, nα-cocoyl-l-arginine ethyl ester (cae), alkyloxyhydroxylpropylarginine, arginine cocoate, and cocoyl glycine potassium salt (amilite), were examined for their virucidal activities against herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 (hsv-1 and hsv-2), influenza a virus (iav), and poliovirus type 1 (pv-1) in comparison to benzalkonium chloride (bkc) and sodium dodecylsulfate (sds) as a cationic and anionic control detergent and also to other commercially av ... | 2011 | 22312346 |
| hypertrophic perianal herpes successfully treated with imiquimod. | herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infections are frequent in hiv (human immunodeficiency virus) infected patients. in those cases, genital herpes may have an atypical clinical presentation. hypertrophic and vegetating variants are unusual. the authors describe a case of hypertrophic perianal herpes in an hiv patient with unsatisfactory response to acyclovir and valacyclovir, successfully treated with imiquimod. hypertrophic genital herpes cases are frequently refractory to antiviral treatments ... | 2011 | 22281910 |
| x-ray diffraction analysis of glycoprotein d from herpes simplex virus type 2. | glycoprotein d (gd) of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) is a key factor mediating the entry of hsv-2 into host cells. in order to explain the mechanism underlying the gd-mediated receptor-binding and viral entry, we performed a structural study on hsv-2 gd. the ectodomain of the gd protein encompassing residues 1 to 285 was expressed by baculovirus-infected insect cells as a secreted soluble protein with a c-terminal hexa-his tag. the protein was then purified by affinity and size-exclusion c ... | 2011 | 22260067 |
| [enteroviral central nervous system infections in children treated at a hospital in lima, peru]. | to determine the frequency and clinical features of central nervous system infections caused by enterovirus in children treated at the hospital nacional cayetano heredia in lima, peru. | 2011 | 22241255 |
| hiv and other sexually transmitted infections in a cohort of women involved in high-risk sexual behavior in kampala, uganda. | uganda has long been successful in controlling the hiv epidemic; however, there is evidence that hiv prevalence and incidence are increasing again. data on the hiv/sti epidemic among sex workers are so far lacking from uganda. this paper describes the baseline epidemiology of hiv/sti in a newly established cohort of women involved in high-risk sexual behavior in kampala, uganda. | 2011 | 23330152 |
| coinfection with rickettsia helvetica and herpes simplex virus 2 in a young woman with meningoencephalitis. | herpes virus type 2 dna was detected by pcr in the cerebrospinal fluid in a young woman presenting with headache, stiff neck and pleocytosis, and serological findings consistent with reactivation. since she was exposed to ticks, lyme disease and tick-borne encephalitis were excluded. further investigation in an ongoing project, using pcr and sequencing of the amplified products, showed the presence of rickettsia helvetica in the cerebrospinal fluid. the bacteria were also isolated in vero cell c ... | 2011 | 22567472 |
| [necrotizing herpes folliculitis. report of one case]. | herpes folliculitis is a rare manifestation of herpes virus infection. it usually represents a diagnostic challenge, due to the absence of characteristic skin manifestations such as vesicles or pustules. the reported cases are mainly associated with varicella zoster virus (vzv) and less commonly with herpes simplex viruses (hsv-1 y hsv-2). we report a 51-year-old male with a relapsing non-hodgkin lymphoma under chemotherapy, with history of extensive follicular lesions lasting one month. the pat ... | 2012 | 23677233 |
| asymptomatic seminal infection of herpes simplex virus: impact on male infertility. | in more than half of infertile men, the cause of their infertility is unknown. several studies revealed the role of viral infections in male infertility. the aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of herpes simplex virus-1 (hsv-1) and hsv-2 in semen from asymptomatic infertile male patients, and its association with altered semen parameters. a total of 70 semen samples were collected from infertile men who attended the research and clinical center for infertility in yazd, iran. ... | 2012 | 23554795 |
| prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (hiv, hepatitis b, herpes simplex type 2 and syphilis) among asymptomatic pregnant women. | to determine the current prevalence of four major sexually transmitted infections (stis: hiv, hepatitis b, herpes simplex virus 2, and syphilis) in asymptomatic pregnant women. | 2012 | 23542821 |
| mucosal herpes immunity and immunopathology to ocular and genital herpes simplex virus infections. | herpes simplex viruses type 1 and type 2 (hsv-1 and hsv-2) are amongst the most common human infectious viral pathogens capable of causing serious clinical diseases at every stage of life, from fatal disseminated disease in newborns to cold sores genital ulcerations and blinding eye disease. primary mucocutaneous infection with hsv-1 & hsv-2 is followed by a lifelong viral latency in the sensory ganglia. in the majority of cases, herpes infections are clinically asymptomatic. however, in symptom ... | 2012 | 23320014 |
| herpes simplex virus type 2 infection among females in enugu, enugu state. | herpes simplex virus type 2 infecion is life long with manifestation in a small proportion of those infected. it has presented public health concern because of its progressively increasing prevalence which some authorities say is of epidemic proportion in developing countries. herpes simplex virus type 2 has recently been found to have synergistic effect with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and co-infection of the two presents more severe burden to the immunity of the victim. this leads to mu ... | 2012 | 23304946 |
| lat region factors mediating differential neuronal tropism of hsv-1 and hsv-2 do not act in trans. | after hsv infection, some trigeminal ganglion neurons support productive cycle gene expression, while in other neurons the virus establishes a latent infection. we previously demonstrated that hsv-1 and hsv-2 preferentially establish latent infection in a5+ and kh10+ sensory neurons, respectively, and that exchanging the latency-associated transcript (lat) between hsv-1 and hsv-2 also exchanges the neuronal preference. since many viral genes besides the lat are functionally interchangeable betwe ... | 2012 | 23300908 |
| [detection of human cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus type 2 in cervical sample]. | to detect the presence of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) and herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) dna in cervical samples from women assisted in a primary health care clinic in the city of coari, amazonas, brazil. | 2012 | 23288260 |
| prevalence of serum antibodies to torch infection in and around varanasi, northern india. | the acute infections which are caused by toxoplasma gondii, rubella virus, cytomegalovirus (cmv) and the herpes simplex virus (hsv-2) during pregnancy are often associated with adverse foetal outcomes and reproductive failures. in the indian context, the exact seroprevalence of these infections is not known due to unavailability of baseline data. | 2012 | 23285435 |
| pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of asp2151, a helicase-primase inhibitor, in a murine model of herpes simplex virus infection. | asp2151 (amenamevir) is a helicase-primase inhibitor against herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1), hsv-2, and varicella zoster virus. here, to determine and analyze the correlation between the pharmacodynamic (pd) and pharmacokinetic (pk) parameters of asp2151, we examined the pd profile of asp2151 using in vitro plaque reduction assay and a murine model of hsv-1 infection. asp2151 inhibited the in vitro replication of hsv-1 with a mean 50% effective concentration (ec(50)) of 14 ng/ml. in the cutaneou ... | 2012 | 23274658 |
| enhancement of antiviral activity of human alpha-defensin 5 against herpes simplex virus 2 by arginine mutagenesis at adaptive evolution sites. | herpes simplex virus 2 (hsv-2) infection is still one of the common causes of sexually transmitted diseases worldwide. the prevalence of hsv strains resistant to traditional nucleoside antiviral agents has led to the development of novel antiviral drugs. human alpha-defensin 5 (hd5), a kind of endogenous antimicrobial peptide expressed in the epithelia of the small intestine and urogenital tract, displays natural antiviral activity. based on arginine-rich features and adaptive evolution characte ... | 2012 | 23269800 |
| prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases and risk behaviors from the nimh collaborative hiv/std prevention trial. | this cross-sectional study describes the baseline prevalence and correlates of common bacterial and viral sexually transmitted diseases (stds) and risk behaviors among individuals at high risk for hiv recruited in five low- and middle-income countries. correlations of risk behaviors and demographic factors with prevalent stds and the association of stds with hiv prevalence are examined. between 2,212 and 5,543 participants were recruited in each of five countries (china, india, peru, russia, and ... | 2010 | 25400718 |
| hiv incidence among men who have sex with men in beijing: a prospective cohort study. | (1) to assess the hiv incidence rate among men who have sex with men (msm) in a large cohort study in beijing, china and (2) to identify sociodemographic and behavioural risk factors of hiv seroconversion among msm in beijing, china. | 2012 | 23166133 |
| prevalences of sexually transmitted infections in young adults and female sex workers in peru: a national population-based survey. | we assessed prevalences of seven sexually transmitted infections (stis) in peru, stratified by risk behaviours, to help to define care and prevention priorities. | 2012 | 22878023 |
| hiv and associated risk factors among male clients of female sex workers in a chinese border region. | male clients of female sex workers (fsws) serve as a potential bridge of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) to the general population. little is known about the characteristics and risk factors for hiv infection among male clients patronizing fsws in hekou county, yunnan province in southern china bordering with vietnam. | 2012 | 23007705 |
| prevalence of hiv and other sexually transmitted infections and factors associated with syphilis among female sex workers in panama. | biological and behavioural surveillance of hiv and sexually transmitted infections (stis) among populations at highest risk have been used to monitor trends in prevalence and in risk behaviours. sex work in panama is regulated through registration with the social hygiene programme, ministry of health. we estimated prevalence of hiv and stis, and factors associated with active syphilis among female sex workers (fsws). | 2012 | 23002191 |
| dynamics of the hiv epidemic in southern china: sexual and drug-using behaviours among female sex workers and male clients in yunnan. | to examine the hiv/sexually transmitted infection (sti)-related risk behaviours among community-based female sex workers (fsws) and their clients in yunnan province, china, we performed a cross-sectional study of 705 fsws and 100 male clients. we found that hiv seroprevalence among fsws was 13.0% and the most prevalent sti was herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) (71.1%), followed by chlamydia trachomatis (18.1%) and syphilis (8.8%). the 20% of fsws who reported injection drug use also reported n ... | 2012 | 23033525 |
| a systematic review and meta-analysis of risk factors for sexual transmission of hiv in india. | approximately 2.4 million people are living with hiv in india. this large disease burden, and potential for epidemic spread in some areas, demands a full understanding of transmission in that country. we wished to quantify the effects of key sexual risk factors for hiv infection for each gender and among high- and low-hiv risk populations in india. | 2012 | 22937158 |
| hiv and sti prevalence and determinants among male migrant workers in india. | our objective was to estimate for the first time the prevalence and determinants of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and sexually transmitted infections (stis) among male migrants in india. | 2012 | 22952708 |
| cross-sectional assessment of prevalence and correlates of blood-borne and sexually-transmitted infections among afghan national army recruits. | few data are available in afghanistan to shape national military force health practices, particularly with regard to sexually-transmitted infections (stis). we measured prevalence and correlates of hiv, syphilis, herpes simplex 2 virus (hsv-2), and hepatitis c virus (hcv) among afghan national army (ana) recruits. | 2012 | 22909128 |
| highly active antiretroviral therapy does not completely suppress hiv in semen of sexually active hiv-infected men who have sex with men. | although haart can suppress genital shedding and sexual transmission of hiv, men who have sex with men (msm) have experienced a resurgent hiv epidemic in the haart era. many hiv-infected msm continue to engage in unsafe sex, and sexually transmitted infections (stis) or other factors may promote genital hiv shedding and transmission in this population despite haart. in this study, we determined the prevalence of seminal hiv shedding in hiv-infected msm on stable haart, and its relationship with ... | 2012 | 22441253 |
| circumcision status and incident herpes simplex virus type 2 infection, genital ulcer disease, and hiv infection. | we assessed the protective effect of medical male circumcision (mmc) against hiv, herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2), and genital ulcer disease (gud) incidence. | 2012 | 22382150 |
| incentivising safe sex: a randomised trial of conditional cash transfers for hiv and sexually transmitted infection prevention in rural tanzania. | the authors evaluated the use of conditional cash transfers as an hiv and sexually transmitted infection prevention strategy to incentivise safe sex. | 2012 | 22318666 |
| determinants of per-coital-act hiv-1 infectivity among african hiv-1-serodiscordant couples. | knowledge of factors that affect per-act infectivity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) is important for designing hiv-1 prevention interventions and for the mathematical modeling of the spread of hiv-1. | 2012 | 22241800 |
| simultaneous detection of seven sexually transmitted agents in human immunodeficiency virus-infected brazilian women by multiplex polymerase chain reaction. | we determined the prevalence of seven clinically important pathogens that cause sexually transmitted infections (stis) (chlamydia trachomatis, neisseria gonorrhoeae, mycoplasma genitalium, trichomonas vaginalis, herpes simplex virus 1 [hsv-1], hsv-2, and treponema pallidum), by using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (m-pcr) in samples from brazilian woman infected with human immunodeficiency virus 1 (hiv-1) and uninfected brazilian women (controls). the m-pcr assay identified all stis teste ... | 2013 | 24080632 |
| effect of risk-reduction counseling with rapid hiv testing on risk of acquiring sexually transmitted infections: the aware randomized clinical trial. | to increase human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) testing rates, many institutions and jurisdictions have revised policies to make the testing process rapid, simple, and routine. a major issue for testing scale-up efforts is the effectiveness of hiv risk-reduction counseling, which has historically been an integral part of the hiv testing process. | 2013 | 24150466 |
| medical male circumcision and herpes simplex virus 2 acquisition: posttrial surveillance in kisumu, kenya. | we estimated the 72-month efficacy of medical male circumcision (mmc) against herpes simplex virus 2 (hsv-2) incidence among men in the kisumu mmc randomized trial. | 2013 | 23901089 |
| etiology of genital ulcer disease in a sexually transmitted infection reference center in manaus, brazilian amazon. | to determine the etiology and factors associated with genital ulcer disease (gud) among patients presenting to a sexually transmitted infections clinic in manaus, brazil; and to compare a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (m-pcr) assay for the diagnosis of gud with standard methods. | 2013 | 23704961 |
| prevalence of hiv and other sexually transmitted infections among female sex workers in kisumu, western kenya, 1997 and 2008. | in 1997, a survey in kisumu found a prevalence of hiv infection among female sex workers (fsw) of 75%. only 50% reported using a condom with the last client. in 2008, we conducted another survey to collect data to inform an intervention targeting fsw in kisumu. | 2013 | 23372801 |
| heat exposure and bicycling trigger recurrent aseptic meningitis: a case report. | aseptic meningitis associated with herpes simplex virus type 2 often has a relapsing-remitting clinical phenotype. factors that lead to disease activation and reactivation are currently incompletely understood. | 2014 | 25551438 |
| prevalence of hiv, syphilis, and other sexually transmitted infections among msm from three cities in panama. | respondent-driven sampling (rds) was used to conduct a biobehavioral survey among men who have sex with men (msm) in three cities in the republic of panama. we estimated the prevalence of hiv, syphilis, and other sexually transmitted infections (stis), sociodemographic characteristics, and sexual risk behaviors. among 603 msm recruited, rds-adjusted seroprevalences (95 % confidence intervals) were: hiv-david 6.6 % (2.2-11.4 %), panama 29.4 % (19.7-39.7 %), and colon 32.6 % (18.0-47.8 %); active ... | 2014 | 24927712 |
| performance and comparison of self-reported sti symptoms among high-risk populations - msm, sex workers, persons living with hiv/aids - in el salvador. | resource-limited countries have limited laboratory capability and rely on syndromic management to diagnose sexually transmitted infections (stis). we aimed to estimate the sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value (ppv) of sti syndromic management when used as a screening method within a study setting. men who have sex with men (msm), female sex workers (fsws) and people living with hiv/aids (plwha) participated in a behavioural surveillance study. data were obtained on demographics ... | 2014 | 24616119 |
| lactobacillus-dominated cervicovaginal microbiota associated with reduced hiv/sti prevalence and genital hiv viral load in african women. | cervicovaginal microbiota not dominated by lactobacilli may facilitate transmission of hiv and other sexually transmitted infections (stis), as well as miscarriages, preterm births and sepsis in pregnant women. however, little is known about the exact nature of the microbiological changes that cause these adverse outcomes. in this study, cervical samples of 174 rwandan female sex workers were analyzed cross-sectionally using a phylogenetic microarray. furthermore, hiv-1 rna concentrations were m ... | 2014 | 24599071 |
| light microscopy, culture, molecular, and serologic methods for detection of herpes simplex virus. | herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1) and 2 (hsv-2) cause a variety of human diseases, ranging from acute to chronic and mild to severe. the absence of curative therapy results in lifelong carriage marked by recurrent outbreaks and allows transmission of the virus to uninfected individuals. nonspecific lesions, variable presentation, and chronic carriage necessitate the use of different laboratory testing methods appropriate for each presentation. a thorough understanding of the performance characteris ... | 2014 | 24131689 |
| genital infections and risk of premature rupture of membranes in mulago hospital, uganda: a case control study. | inflammatory mediators that weaken and cause membrane rupture are released during the course of genital infections among pregnant women. we set out to determine the association of common genital infections (trichomonas vaginalis, syphilis, neisseria gonorrhea, chlamydia trachomatis, group b streptococcus, bacterial vaginosis, herpes simplex virus type 2 and candidiasis) and premature rupture of membranes in mulago hospital, uganda. | 2015 | 26475265 |
| disseminated primary herpes simplex virus type 2 infection in a 22-year-old male. | we present a case of primary disseminated herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) cutaneous disease in a 22-year-old male. we discuss the immune response to hsv-2 infection as well as the extragenital manifestations of hsv-2 observed in immune-competent and immune-suppressed persons. | 2015 | 26180838 |
| changes in the contribution of genital tract infections to hiv acquisition among kenyan high-risk women from 1993 to 2012. | the objective of this study was to understand temporal trends in the contribution of different genital tract infections to hiv incidence over 20 years of follow-up in a cohort of high-risk women. | 2015 | 26125141 |
| club drugs and hiv/std infection: an exploratory analysis among men who have sex with men in changsha, china. | to evaluate current club drug use and its potential association with the transmission of hiv/std among changsha men who have sex with men (msm). | 2015 | 25950912 |
| high prevalence of sexually transmitted infections in pregnant adolescent girls in tanzania: a multi-community cross-sectional study. | limited data document sexually transmitted infections (stis) among pregnant adolescents in sub-saharan africa, where prenatal screening typically includes only hiv and syphilis. given that hiv incidence in this population is among the world's highest, we sought to assess the prevalence and factors associated with stis in a population of rural pregnant adolescents in tanzania. | 2015 | 25834122 |
| multipurpose prevention technologies: the future of hiv and sti protection. | every day, more than 1 million people are newly infected with sexually transmitted infections (stis) that can lead to morbidity, mortality, and an increased risk of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) acquisition. existing prevention and management strategies, including behavior change, condom promotion, and therapy have not reduced the global incidence and prevalence, pointing to the need for novel innovative strategies. this review summarizes important issues raised during a satellite session a ... | 2015 | 25759332 |
| comparable mrna expression of inflammatory markers but lower claudin-1 mrna levels in foreskin tissue of hsv-2 seropositive versus seronegative asymptomatic kenyan young men. | skin biopsies from local sites of herpes simplex virus 2 (hsv-2)-induced ulcers can show infiltrates of inflammatory cells several months after macroscopic healing. we hypothesise that foreskin tissue samples of asymptomatic hsv-2 seropositive men had remaining signs of inflammation at the molecular level. even in the absence of clinical lesions, genital inflammation may contribute to increased hiv susceptibility on sexual exposure to the virus. | 2015 | 25694458 |
| population and dyadic-based seroincidence of herpes simplex virus-2 and syphilis in southern india. | herpes simplex virus-2 (hsv-2) and syphilis are associated with increased risk of hiv, highlighting the importance of understanding their transmission dynamics. in india, most studies of hsv-2 and syphilis incidence are in high-risk populations and may not accurately reflect infectious activity. in this study, we aim to define hsv-2/syphilis incidence and risk factors in a population sample. | 2015 | 25605970 |
| commercial sex and risk of hiv, syphilis, and herpes simplex virus-2 among men who have sex with men in six chinese cities. | men who have sex with men (msm) are at high risk of hiv and sexually transmitted infections (stis) in china and globally. engaging in commercial sex put them at even greater risk. this study estimated the prevalence of hiv/stis among three subgroups of msm: msm who sold sex (msm-selling), msm who bought sex (msm-buying), and non-commercial msm (nc-msm) and evaluated the relationship between commercial sex and hiv/stis. | 2016 | 28003032 |
| prevalence of herpes simplex virus 2 (hsv-2) infection and associated risk factors in a cohort of hiv negative women in durban, south africa. | herpes simplex virus 2 (hsv-2) is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections (stis) worldwide and is a risk factor for the acquisition and transmission of other stis, including hiv. we determined the prevalence and predictors of hsv-2 infection among women screened for a hiv prevention trial in durban, south africa. univariate and multivariate logistic and cox regression models were used to determine the correlates and predictors of hsv-2 infection at enrolment and seroconversion dur ... | 2016 | 27955706 |