| suppression of recurrent genital herpes simplex virus type 2 infection by rhus javanica in guinea pigs. | rhus javanica has been shown to exhibit anti-herpes simplex virus (hsv) activity and potentiate the anti-hsv activity of acyclovir in vitro and in vivo. this extract was examined for its suppressive efficacy on recurrent genital infection in guinea pigs. guinea pigs were primarily infected intravaginally with hsv type 2 (hsv-2). prophylactic oral administration, at the dose corresponding to human use, of r. javanica significantly reduced the incidence, severity and/or frequency of spontaneous an ... | 1998 | 9754947 |
| antiviral activity of viracea against acyclovir susceptible and acyclovir resistant strains of herpes simplex virus. | viracea, a topical microbicide, is a blend of benzalkonium chloride and phytochemicals derived from echinacea purpurea and is a proprietary formula from destiny biomedix corp. viracea was tested against 40 strains of herpes simplex virus (hsv): 15 strains (five hsv-1 and ten hsv-2) were resistant to acyclovir (acv-r) and 25 strains (13 hsv-1 and 12 hsv-2) were susceptible to acv (acv-s). the median ed50 of viracea for the five acv-r strains of hsv-1 was a 1:100 dilution of the drug with a range ... | 1998 | 9754950 |
| structural basis of specificity and degeneracy of t cell recognition: pluriallelic restriction of t cell responses to a peptide antigen involves both specific and promiscuous interactions between the t cell receptor, peptide, and hla-dr. | tcr engagement of peptide-mhc class ii ligands involves specific contacts between the tcr and residues on both the mhc and peptide molecules. we have used molecular modeling and assays of peptide binding and t cell function to characterize these interactions for a cd4+ th1 cell clone, esl4.34, which recognizes a peptide epitope of the herpes simplex type 2 virus virion protein, vp16 393-405, in the context of several hla-dr alleles. this clone responded to vp16 393-405 in proliferation and cytot ... | 1998 | 9759873 |
| pseudotumour of the tongue caused by herpes simplex virus type 2 in an hiv-1 infected immunosuppressed patient. | an hiv-1 infected immunosuppressed patient (cd4+ cell counts: 382 cells/microl; viral load 94,000 copies/ml) with recurrent perianal herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infections is described, showing an unusual exophytic tumour resembling a squamous cell carcinoma in the lateral part of the tongue. he also had persistent facial herpes infection, oral candidosis, oral hairy leukoplakia and lymphadenopathy. the presence of hsv-2 was detected by polymerase chain reaction both in smears and in a t ... | 1998 | 9764162 |
| the pk domain of the large subunit of herpes simplex virus type 2 ribonucleotide reductase (icp10) is required for immediate-early gene expression and virus growth. | the large subunit of herpes simplex virus (hsv) ribonucleotide reductase (rr), rr1, contains a unique amino-terminal domain which has serine/threonine protein kinase (pk) activity. to examine the role of the pk activity in virus replication, we studied an hsv type 2 (hsv-2) mutant with a deletion in the rr1 pk domain (icp10deltapk). icp10deltapk expressed a 95-kda rr1 protein (p95) which was pk negative but retained the ability to complex with the small rr subunit, rr2. its rr activity was simil ... | 1998 | 9765459 |
| herpesvirus thymidine kinase transgenes that do not cause male sterility are aberrantly transcribed and translated in the testis. | mice that carry the wild-type herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv1) thymidine kinase (tk) gene coupled to the bovine thyroglobulin (btg) promoter (btg-tk1 mice) express viral tk at a high level in the thyroid gland, and at an equally high level, ectopically, in the testis, which renders the males sterile. when the btg promoter was coupled either to a variant of hsv1-tk (differing from the wild type in 2 nucleotides) (btg-tk1alpha mice) or to the herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv2) tk gene (btg-tk2 m ... | 1998 | 9767091 |
| [iatrogenic aseptic meningitis]. | | 1998 | 9767811 |
| characterization of a type-common human recombinant monoclonal antibody to herpes simplex virus with high therapeutic potential. | we report the characterization of a type-common human recombinant monoclonal antibody previously isolated by antigen selection from a phage-displayed combinatorial antibody library established from a herpes simplex virus (hsv)-seropositive individual. competition with well-characterized murine monoclonal antibodies and immunodetection of gd truncations revealed that this antibody recognizes the group ib antigenic site of glycoprotein d, a highly conserved and protective type-common determinant. ... | 1998 | 9774565 |
| 5-substituted pyrimidines with a 1,5-anhydro-2, 3-dideoxy-d-arabino-hexitol moiety at n-1: synthesis, antiviral activity, conformational analysis, and interaction with viral thymidine kinase. | a new series of anhydrohexitol nucleosides are described. these compounds have a pyrimidine base moiety substituted in the 5-position with a chloro (1b), trifluoromethyl (1c), vinyl (1d), 2-thienyl (1e), ethynyl (1f) or propynyl (1g) substituent. the vinyl, propynyl, and, in particular, the 5-trifluoromethyl analogue showed potent activity against herpes simplex virus (hsv), 1c with a selectivity index of >16000 against hsv-1 and >1000 against hsv-2. conformational analysis of anhydrohexitol nuc ... | 1998 | 9784109 |
| [structural organization of 2c-terminal region and its analogs in a subunit of ribonucleotide reductase from herpes virus]. | by means of conformational analysis, the spatial structure and conformational potential of the h-tyr-ala-gly-ala-val-val-asn-asp-leu-oh molecule, which corresponds to sequence 329-337 of the subunit 2 c-terminal region of the herpes virus ribonucleotide reductase, were studied. it was shown that its spatial organization can be described by a set of 17 low-energy conformations of the backbone. the "reverse conformational problem" for this molecule was solved to enable the prediction of a series o ... | 1998 | 9784878 |
| herpes simplex virus type 2 dna detected in cerebrospinal fluid of 9 patients with mollaret's meningitis. | we present clinical and virological data on 9 patients, 7 women and 2 men aged 31-56 years, with recurrent aseptic meningitis (mollaret's meningitis). polymerase chain reaction detected herpes simplex virus type 2 dna in cerebrospinal fluid samples from all patients collected during their latest attacks of meningitis. six patients had no history of genital herpes. only 1 patient was offered prophylactic antiviral treatment during the study period (45 months). | 1998 | 9786620 |
| pharmacokinetics of oral valacyclovir and acyclovir in late pregnancy. | the objective was to obtain preliminary pharmacokinetic data for acyclovir from gravid women receiving herpes simplex virus suppressive therapy with the acyclovir prodrug valacyclovir. | 1998 | 9790357 |
| a comparison of biodegradable microparticles and mf59 as systemic adjuvants for recombinant gd from hsv-2. | a recombinant form of glycoprotein d from herpes simplex virus type-2 (gd2) was encapsulated into polylactide-co-glycolide (plg) microparticles using a previously established solvent evaporation technique. the mean size of the microparticles was about 1 micron and high encapsulation efficiency of the antigen was achieved (70-80%). the microparticles were administered intramuscularly to balb/c mice and the immune responses were compared with those obtained with the oil in water adjuvant mf59. the ... | 1998 | 9795387 |
| detection of microorganisms in vessel wall specimens of the abdominal aorta: development of a pcr assay in the absence of a gold standard. | a procedure in which the "invitrogen easy-dna" kit was followed by a silica-based method for the isolation of dna was developed for extraction of pcr-inhibitor-free dna from up to 300 mg of human vessel wall tissue. optimally designed pcr assays were developed for the detection of at least one infected cell in this amount of tissue. details of the procedure are given for the detection of dna of chlamydia pneumoniae, cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 in human vessel walls ... | 1998 | 9795995 |
| [recurrent mollaret's meningitis of herpetic origin]. | benign recurrent meningitis, or mollaret's meningitis, is an uncommon disease whose viral origin was long unidentified. since 1991, about twenty cases have been reported in patients with herpes infection. | 1998 | 9798461 |
| carrageenan-based nonoxynol-9 spermicides for prevention of sexually transmitted infections. | carrageenan-based nonoxynol-9 (n-9)-containing formulations were developed in response to the concern that over the counter (otc) spermicides may not protect people from hiv infection and other sexually transmitted pathogens. | 1998 | 9800263 |
| herpes simplex virus shedding among human immunodeficiency virus-negative men who have sex with men: site and frequency of shedding. | the frequency and anatomic location of subclinical and symptomatic herpes simplex virus (hsv) shedding were evaluated among human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-negative hsv-2-seropositive men who have sex with men (msm). eight men attended a research clinic daily for 30 days for a detailed genital examination and anoscopy with colposcopy to detect herpes lesions. hsv cultures were obtained daily from four sites (perianal, urethral, penile shaft, and oral) at home and the research clinic. signs an ... | 1998 | 9806024 |
| herpes simplex virus as a transneuronal tracer. | determining the connections of neural systems is critical for determining how they function. in this review, we focus on the use of hsv-1 and hsv-2 as transneuronal tracers. using hsv to examine neural circuits is technically simple. hsv is injected into the area of interest, and after several days, the animals are perfused and processed for immunohistochemistry with antibodies to hsv proteins. variables which influence hsv infection include species of host, age of host, titre of virus, strain o ... | 1998 | 9809305 |
| differential intracellular compartmentalization of herpetic thymidine kinases (tks) in tk gene-transfected tumor cells: molecular characterization of the nuclear localization signal of herpes simplex virus type 1 tk. | the thymidine kinases (tks) of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1), hsv-2, and varicella-zoster virus (vzv) were expressed in human osteosarcoma cells as fusion proteins with the green fluorescent protein (gfp), and their intracellular localizations were determined. the three tk-gfp fusion products were localized in different subcellular compartments of the transfected tumor cells. hsv-1 tk-gfp was localized exclusively in the nucleus, hsv-2 tk-gfp was predominantly found in the cytosol, while v ... | 1998 | 9811686 |
| immunization with a single major histocompatibility complex class i-restricted cytotoxic t-lymphocyte recognition epitope of herpes simplex virus type 2 confers protective immunity. | we have evaluated the potential of conferring protective immunity to herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) by selectively inducing an hsv-specific cd8(+) cytotoxic t-lymphocyte (ctl) response directed against a single major histocompatibility complex class i-restricted ctl recognition epitope. we generated a recombinant vaccinia virus (rvv-es-gb498-505) which expresses the h-2kb-restricted, hsv-1/2-cross-reactive ctl recognition epitope, hsv glycoprotein b residues 498 to 505 (ssiefarl) (gb498-505 ... | 1998 | 9811690 |
| the ectodomain of a novel member of the immunoglobulin subfamily related to the poliovirus receptor has the attributes of a bona fide receptor for herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 in human cells. | we report on the functional cloning of a hitherto unknown member of the immunoglobulin (ig) superfamily selected for its ability to confer susceptibility to herpes simplex virus (hsv) infection on a highly resistant cell line (j1.1-2 cells), derived by exposure of bhktk- cells to a recombinant hsv-1 expressing tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha). the sequence of herpesvirus ig-like receptor (higr) predicts a transmembrane protein with an ectodomain consisting of three cysteine-bracketed doma ... | 1998 | 9811737 |
| treatment of acyclovir-resistant herpetic ulceration with topical foscarnet and antiviral sensitivity analysis. | herpes simplex virus (hsv) can produce persistent mucocutaneous disease in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). in this case report, we evaluate the efficacy, safety and viral resistance after topical foscarnet in severe genital ulceration due to acyclovir-resistant hsv-2. | 1998 | 9812037 |
| incidence of hiv and sexually transmitted diseases (std) in a cohort of hiv-negative men who have sex with men (msm). | to determine the prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases (std) and incidence of and risk factors for std, including hiv-1, among a cohort of hiv-negative men who have sex with men (msm). | 1998 | 9814873 |
| frequency of symptomatic and asymptomatic herpes simplex virus type 2 reactivations among human immunodeficiency virus-infected men. | herpes simplex virus (hsv) infection is common in persons coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). in a prospective study, daily viral cultures of the mouth, genitals, and rectum were collected from 68 hiv-positive and 13 hiv-negative men who have sex with men. subjects completed a median of 57 days of follow-up. anogenital hsv-2 cultures were positive on 405 (9.7%) of 4167 days for hiv-positive men and on 24 (3.1%) of 766 days for hiv-negative men. most reactivations were perirectal ... | 1998 | 9815213 |
| characterization of the herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) us2 gene product and a us2-deficient hsv-2 mutant. | the herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) us2 gene product was identified by using a rabbit polyclonal antiserum raised against a recombinant 6 x his-us2 fusion protein expressed in escherichia coli. the antiserum reacted specifically with a 39 kda protein in hsv-2 strain 186-infected cell lysates. the protein was not detectable in the presence of the virus dna synthesis inhibitor phosphonoacetic acid. indirect immunofluorescence studies localized the us2 protein in the cytoplasm and as discrete g ... | 1998 | 9820154 |
| nf-kappab activation is responsible for the synergistic effect of herpes simplex virus type 2 infection on interferon-gamma-induced nitric oxide production in macrophages. | nitric oxide (no), produced in interferon (ifn)-gamma-activated murine macrophages by the enzyme inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos), has been found to have antiviral properties. we have previously shown that herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infection of macrophages synergistically enhances ifn-gamma-induced no production, and we now extend these findings by providing evidence that virus-induced tumour necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha mediates activation of the transcription factor nuclear fact ... | 1998 | 9820155 |
| performance of six cell lines in the suspension-infection test used for the detection of herpes simplex virus. | six cell lines were assessed in the suspension-infection (si) test for suitability for the rapid culture of herpes simplex virus (hsv). for the si test, the specimen was combined in growth medium with trypsinized, suspended culture cells before allowing the cells to settle into a monolayer growth pattern. the cells tested in the si assay were mv1-lu, vero c1008, bsc-1, rd, and mrc-9 cells. fifty clinical specimens composed of 7 hsv-1-positive samples, 9 hsv-2-positive samples, 12 positive for hs ... | 1998 | 9823529 |
| immunity to vaginal hsv-2 infection in immunoglobulin a knockout mice. | an immunoglobulin a (iga) knockout (ko) mouse was used to study the role of iga in protective immunity against vaginal infection with herpes simplex virus-type 2 (hsv-2). intact and ko mice were immunized intravaginally (ivag) with attenuated hsv-2, challenged ivag with wild-type virus 6 weeks later and evaluated for vaginal infection and neurological disease. non-immunized/challenged intact and ko mice showed vaginal infection and succumbed to neurological disease, while immunized/challenged mi ... | 1998 | 9824477 |
| sexually transmitted diseases and human immunodeficiency virus infection: cause, effect, or both? | the infectiousness of the index case and the susceptibility of the exposed host mediate the sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). infectiousness of the index case is determined by the inoculum of hiv and viral factors that favor transmission. persons with primary infection, late stage disease, or low cd4 counts appear to transmit hiv with greater efficiency, presumably through increased viral burden in genital secretions. susceptibility to hiv infection is determined by here ... | 1998 | 9831668 |
| herpes simplex type ii and mycoplasma genitalium as risk factors for heterosexual hiv transmission: report from the heterosexual hiv transmission study. | two hundred twenty-four human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) discordant couples (one hiv negative, one hiv positive) were compared with 78 seroconcordant heterosexually infected couples with hiv with regard to sexually transmitted diseases. | 1998 | 9831669 |
| the antiherpesvirus activity of h2g [(r)-9-[4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)butyl]guanine] is markedly enhanced by the novel immunosuppressive agent mycophenolate mofetil. | mycophenolate mofetil (mmf) has been approved as an immunosuppressive agent in kidney transplant recipients and may thus be used concomitantly with antiherpetic agents, which are used for the treatment of intercurrent herpesvirus infections. we have recently demonstrated that mmf and its parent compound mycophenolic acid (mpa), which is a potent inhibitor of imp dehydrogenase, potentiate the antiherpesvirus activity of acyclovir, ganciclovir, and penciclovir. we have now evaluated the antiviral ... | 1998 | 9835529 |
| antibody to herpes simplex virus type 2 as a marker of sexual risk behavior in rural tanzania. | a serosurvey was conducted in a random sample of 259 women and 231 men in 12 rural communities in mwanza region, tanzania, using a type-specific elisa for herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infection. seroprevalence rose steeply with age to approximately 75% in women >=25 years old and 60% in men >=30. after adjusting for age and residence, hsv-2 prevalence was higher in women who were married, in a polygamous marriage, treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay (tpha)-positive, had more lifetim ... | 1999 | 9841817 |
| enhancement of protective humoral (th2) and cell-mediated (th1) immune responses against herpes simplex virus-2 through co-delivery of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor expression cassettes. | granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (gm-csf) could in theory attract antigen-presenting cells in muscle following intramuscular dna immunization, resulting in enhanced antigen-specific immune responses. thus, such adjuvants could constitute an important addition to a herpes vaccine by amplifying specific immune responses. here we investigate the utility of gm-csf cdna as a vaccine adjuvant for herpes simplex virus (hsv)-2 in a mouse challenge model. gm-csf cdna co-injection enhanced ... | 1998 | 9842896 |
| cell lines transfected with the tap inhibitor icp47 allow testing peptide binding to a variety of hla class i molecules. | the immediate early protein icp47 of the herpes simplex virus is known to block the human transporter associated with antigen processing (tap), thereby creating a tap-deficient phenotype in any human cell transfected with the corresponding cdna. exploiting this inhibitory activity, we constructed a selection of human cell lines each co-expressing one of the cdnas of human leukocyte antigen (hla) class i alleles hla-a*1101, a24, a*3101, a*6601, b8 and b*1516, and the cdna encoding the icp47 molec ... | 1998 | 9846695 |
| in vivo modulation of vaccine-induced immune responses toward a th1 phenotype increases potency and vaccine effectiveness in a herpes simplex virus type 2 mouse model. | several vaccines have been investigated experimentally in the herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) model system. while it is believed that cd4(+)-t-cell responses are important for protection in general, the correlates of protection from hsv-2 infection are still under investigation. recently, the use of molecular adjuvants to drive vaccine responses induced by dna vaccines has been reported in a number of experimental systems. we sought to take advantage of this immunization model to gain insigh ... | 1999 | 9847356 |
| lack of effect of cytoplasmic tail truncations on human immunodeficiency virus type 2 rod env particle release activity. | in addition to its role in receptor binding, the envelope glycoprotein of certain human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) isolates, including rod10, exhibits a biological activity that enhances the release of hiv-2, hiv-1, and simian immunodeficiency virus particles from infected cells. the present study aims at better defining the functional domains involved in this biological activity. to this end, we have characterized the envelope protein of the rod14 isolate of hiv-2, which, despite 95% ... | 1999 | 9847387 |
| role of type specific herpes simplex virus serology in the diagnosis and management of genital herpes. | to investigate the indications for the use of a type specific antibody test for herpes simplex virus in a department of genitourinary medicine in the united kingdom. | 1998 | 9849551 |
| herpes simplex type 2 infection in a cohort aged 21 years. | to measure the prevalence of hsv-2 antibodies in a birth cohort of 21 year old new zealanders from whom detailed sexual histories had been obtained, and to assess the potential for hsv-2 serology in characterising a young adult population's risk for sexually transmitted diseases (std). | 1998 | 9849560 |
| evaluation of a novel point of care test for antibodies to herpes simplex virus type 2. | | 1998 | 9849565 |
| igg and igm antibodies of herpes simplex virus type-1 and type-2 in 233 maternal and neonatal sera. | | 1998 | 9849717 |
| a humanized monoclonal antibody produced in transgenic plants for immunoprotection of the vagina against genital herpes. | the ability to produce monoclonal antibodies (mabs) in plants offers the opportunity for the development of an inexpensive method of mucosal immunoprotection against sexually transmitted diseases. to investigate the suitability of plant-expressed mabs for vaginal preventive applications, we compared a humanized anti-herpes simplex virus 2 (hsv-2) mab expressed in mammalian cell culture with the same antibody expressed in soybean. we found these mabs to be similar in their stability in human seme ... | 1998 | 9853620 |
| successful acyclovir treatment of herpes simplex type 2 hepatitis in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus: a case report and meta analysis. | herpes simplex virus (hsv) hepatitis is a rare complication of hsv infection with a high reported mortality rate in untreated patients. the authors present a case of hsv hepatitis in a 26-year-old female with focal proliferative lupus nephropathy who was status post one cycle of pulse high-dose (1 gm/ m2) cyclophosphamide. treatment with parenteral acyclovir was successful. a meta analysis of well-documented cases of hsv hepatitis treated with acyclovir, excluding those that omit initial serum c ... | 1998 | 9856697 |
| (r)-(-)- and (s)-(+)-synadenol: synthesis, absolute configuration, and enantioselectivity of antiviral effect. | synthesis of (r)-(-)- and (s)-(+)-synadenol (1a and 2a, 95-96% ee) is described. racemic synadenol (1a + 2a) was deaminated with adenosine deaminase to give (r)-(-)-synadenol (1a) and (s)-(+)-hypoxanthine derivative 5. acetylation of the latter compound gave acetate 6. reaction with n, n-dimethylchloromethyleneammonium chloride led to 6-chloropurine derivative 7. ammonolysis furnished (s)-(+)-synadenol (2a). absolute configuration of 1a was established by two methods: (i) synthesis from (r)-meth ... | 1998 | 9857093 |
| the v domain of herpesvirus ig-like receptor (higr) contains a major functional region in herpes simplex virus-1 entry into cells and interacts physically with the viral glycoprotein d. | the herpesvirus entry mediator c (hvec), previously known as poliovirus receptor-related protein 1 (prr1), and the herpesvirus ig-like receptor (higr) are the bona fide receptors employed by herpes simplex virus-1 and -2 (hsv-1 and -2) for entry into the human cell lines most frequently used in hsv studies. they share an identical ectodomain made of one v and two c2 domains and differ in transmembrane and cytoplasmic regions. expression of their mrna in the human nervous system suggests possible ... | 1998 | 9861033 |
| comparison of an anti-hsv-2 monoclonal igg and its iga switch variant for topical immunoprotection of the mouse vagina. | an igg2a monoclonal antibody (mab) directed against glycoprotein d of herpes simplex virus 2 (hsv-2) was compared with an iga heavy chain mab switch variant to investigate the effect of isotype for topical immunoprotection of the murine vagina. the iga mab, a mixture of monomeric and polymeric iga, was indistinguishable from its igg parent in an in vitro hsv-2 neutralization assay. when these class switched mabs were delivered to the mouse vagina, we also found no significant difference between ... | 1998 | 9862259 |
| [synthesis of optically active (r)- and (s)-tai-ding-an(tda) and their anti-hsv activity evaluation]. | tai-ding-an (3-phthalimido-2-oxo-n-butyraldehyde bisthiosemicarbazone, tda) is an antiviral drug first synthesized in this institute. in order to clarify the difference between the two enantiomeric isomers of tda, (r)- and (s)-tda were synthesized from (r)- and (s)-alanine, respectively, via the following steps: fusing with phthalic anhydride gave 2-phthalimido alanine(2a or 2b). the resulting acid was reacted with thionyl chloride to offer the corresponding acid chloride(3a or 3b), which was tr ... | 1996 | 9863253 |
| [synthesis of adenine derivatives and their activities against herpes virus in vitro]. | a series of 9-(n4-substituted acetaldehyde thiosemicarbazone) adenines were synthesized and evaluated for antiherpes virus activity. compounds 4a-l were prepared by condensation of 9-(acetaldehyde) adenine(6) and the corresponding n4-substituted thiosemicarbazides (10). the antiviral effects of all compounds 4a-l were tested in vitro in primary rabbit kidney cell cultures infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and varicella-herpes zoster virus (vzv), and in primary human embryo cell c ... | 1996 | 9863254 |
| mycophenolate mofetil strongly potentiates the anti-herpesvirus activity of acyclovir. | we demonstrate that the novel immunosuppressive agent mycophenolate mofetil (mmf), that has been approved for use in kidney transplant recipients, strongly potentiates the antiviral activity of acyclovir in murine models for herpesvirus infections. hairless mice that were infected intracutaneously with herpes simplex virus type 1 were treated systemically with acv (20 mg/kg per day) and topically with 5% mmf. combined use of both drugs resulted in an almost complete protection, whereas single us ... | 1998 | 9864046 |
| the anti-herpes simplex virus activity of n-docosanol includes inhibition of the viral entry process. | n-docosanol-treated cells resist infection by a variety of lipid-enveloped viruses including the herpesviruses. previous studies of the mechanism of action demonstrated that n-docosanol inhibits an event prior to the expression of intermediate early gene products but subsequent to hsv attachment. the studies reported here indicate that n-docosanol inhibits fusion of the hsv envelope with the plasma membrane. evidence suggests that antiviral activity requires a time-dependent metabolic conversion ... | 1998 | 9864049 |
| a new prenylated flavonol from the roots of sophora flavescens. | a new prenylated flavonol, sophoflavescenol (1), together with five known flavonoids, kurarinol, kushenol k, kushenol h, trifolirhizin, and kuraidin, were isolated from the roots of sophora flavescens. the structure of 1 was determined by spectroscopic analysis. among the five known flavonoids, kurarinol, kushenol k, and kushenol h showed weak antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus types i and ii. | 1998 | 9868163 |
| evaluation of a novel, anti-herpes simplex virus compound, acyclovir elaidate (p-4010), in the female guinea pig model of genital herpes. | the antiviral effect of acyclovir elaidate in the female guinea pig model of genital herpes was investigated in a series of experiments. the antiherpesvirus effects of this novel compound, 9-(2'-[trans-9"-octadecenoyloxyl]ethoxymethyl)guanine (code no. p-4010), were studied in both primary and recurrent genital herpes in the female guinea pig, following oral gavage or intraperitoneal injection, with different formulations of the compound, and in comparison with acyclovir (acv) or penciclovir (pc ... | 1999 | 9869565 |
| synthesis and antiviral activity of novel isodideoxy nucleosides with exocyclic methylene. | novel isodideoxy nucleosides with exocyclic methylene were synthesized starting from l-xylose utilizing anomeric demethoxylation, wittig reaction and mitsunobu reaction as key steps and evaluated for antiviral activity. | 1998 | 9871553 |
| synthesis of l-enantiomers of 4'-thioarabinofuranosyl pyrimidine nucleosides. | l-enantiomers of 4'-thioarabinofuranosyl pyrimidine nucleosides were synthesized from d-xylose. methyl 2,3,5-tri-o-benzyl-d-xylofuranoside 6 was converted to the corresponding xylitol 7, which was treated with mscl and then na2s to give 1,4-anhydro-l-4-thioarabitol 8. as previously reported, pummerer rearrangement of 8 followed by glycosylation with a silylated thymine and n4-acetylcytosine derivative and deprotection gave the corresponding alpha- and beta-l-4'-thioarabinofuranosyl pyrimidine nu ... | 1998 | 9871694 |
| the design, synthesis and properties of highly potent and selective inhibitors of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 thymidine kinase. | the rational design and synthesis of nucleotide analogues as inhibitors of herpes simplex virus (hsv) thymidine kinase is described. starting from thymidine, product analogues which included phosphates, phosphonates, sulphonates, sulphonamides and carboxamides were prepared. the carboxamide series showed good structure-activity relationships and afforded a lead structure which inhibited the hsv-2 enzyme in the low micromolar range. replacing the 5-methyl group in thymidine by ethyl enhanced the ... | 1998 | 9875371 |
| inhibition of virus-encoded thymidine kinase suppresses herpes simplex virus replication in vitro and in vivo. | both herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and hsv-2 encode a thymidine kinase enzyme which differs from cellular thymidine kinase in substrate specificity. viral thymidine kinase enables the virus to replicate in cells that lack cellular thymidine kinase, namely those of the sensory neurons where the virus establishes, and periodically reactivates from, a latent state. thymidine kinase-dependent hsv replication following viral reactivation at the site of latency is thought to precede the emergenc ... | 1998 | 9875372 |
| 3-hydroxyphthaloyl beta-lactoglobulin. iii. antiviral activity against herpesviruses. | the spread of sexually transmitted diseases, including human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and herpesvirus infections, has continued unabated despite educational efforts spearheaded as a response to the hiv-1 epidemic. this suggests the need for prophylactic measures, including the application of topical antiviral agents. chemical modification of bovine beta-lactoglobulin (beta-lg), the major protein of whey, by hydroxyphthalic anhydride (3hp) led to the generation of a potent hiv-1 inhi ... | 1998 | 9875389 |
| synthesis and evaluation of some masked phosphate esters of the anti-herpesvirus drug 882c (netivudine) as potential antiviral agents. | a number of symmetric and asymmetric 5'-phosphate esters of the potent anti-varicella-zoster virus (vzv) agent 1-(beta-d-arabinofuranosyl)-5-prop-1-ynyluracil (882c; netivudine) were prepared as potential lipophilic, membrane-soluble prodrugs of the bio-active phosphate forms. the compounds were prepared by the base-catalysed coupling of various phosphorochloridates with the free nucleoside analogue. compounds were fully characterized by a range of spectroscopic and analytical methods and were s ... | 1998 | 9875402 |
| inhibitory effects of podophyllotoxin derivatives on herpes simplex virus replication. | podophyllotoxin and its derivatives were examined for inhibitory effects on the replication of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (hsv-1 and hsv-2), including acyclovir-resistant virus and clinical isolates. deoxypodophyllotoxin (rd4-6266) proved to be a highly potent and selective inhibitor of all hsv strains in mrc-5 cells. ec50 values of rd4-6283 (in which the methylenedioxy ring a is modified) for hsv-1 and -2 were inferior to those of deoxypodophyllotoxin. however, podorhizol (rd4-6277) and ... | 1998 | 9875405 |
| (z)- and (e)-2-(hydroxymethylcyclopropylidene)-methylpurines and pyrimidines as antiviral agents. | several z- and e-methylenecyclopropane nucleoside analogues were synthesized and tested for antiviral activity in vitro against human and murine cytomegalovirus (hcmv, mcmv), epstein-barr virus (ebv), varicella zoster virus (vzv), hepatitis b virus (hbv), herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (hsv-1, hsv-2), human herpesvirus 6 (hhv-6) and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1). the z-2-amino-6-cyclopropylaminopurine analogue was the most effective agent against hcmv (ec50 or ec90 0.4-2 microm ... | 1998 | 9875413 |
| 3-hydroxyphthaloyl beta-lactoglobulin. iv antiviral activity in the mouse model of genital herpesvirus infection. | the spread of sexually transmitted infections caused by herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) has continued unabated despite educational efforts generated in response to the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) epidemic. given the absence of effective vaccines, this indicates the need to develop prophylactic measures such as topical antiviral agents. chemical modification of bovine beta-lactoglobulin (beta-lg), the major protein of whey, by hydroxyphthalic anhydride (3hp) led to the generation of a ... | 1998 | 9875414 |
| synthesis and antiviral activity of 2'-fluorohexopyranosyl nucleosides. | 2'-fluorohexopyranosyl nucleosides 1a and 1b which contained a bioisosteric double bond and a fluorine were synthesized in 12 steps, starting from d-galactose. during diethylaminosulfur trifluoride (dast) fluorination, retention of stereochemistry was observed through the participation of methoxy or chloro group at the 6-position of the purine base. the final nucleosides 1a and 1b were found to be inactive against hiv-1 and hsv-1,2. | 1998 | 9875454 |
| synthesis and biological activity of 5-hydroxy-4-quinolones and 5-methoxy-4-quinolones as truncated acridones. | a series of 5-hydroxy-4-quinolone (3) and 5-methoxy-4-quinolone (4) derivatives were synthesized as truncated acridone analogues and evaluated for antitumor, antiherpes and antituberculosis activities. among them 5-hydroxy-8-methoxy-quinolone showed potent antitumor activity (ic50 = 17.7 microm for hl60) which was greater than that of acronycine. however, these compounds didn't show any significant antiherpes or antituberculosis activity. | 1998 | 9875474 |
| a new subtraction technique for molecular cloning of rare antiviral antibody specificities from phage display libraries. | the preparation of random combinatorial libraries exposed on the surface of phage provides a route for the selection of diverse high affinity human monoclonal antibodies. however, in particular settings, the isolation of genes coding for a rare antibody can be elusive because some epitopes are predominant and because, in the case of impure antigens, the protein or any compound of interest can be present in relatively minimal amount. in this paper, we describe the successful utilization of a new ... | 1998 | 9879613 |
| the herpes simplex virus 2 kb latency associated transcript (lat) leader sequence allows efficient expression of downstream proteins which is enhanced in neuronal cells: possible function of lat orfs. | | 1998 | 9880017 |
| genital herpes: review of the epidemic and potential use of type-specific serology. | prevention of genital herpes simplex virus (hsv) infections is desirable from both a public health standpoint and the patient's perspective. a key factor in the spread of genital herpes infections is the high proportion of undiagnosed infections. persons with subclinical or unrecognized infections are best diagnosed by accurate, type-specific antibody tests. unfortunately, these tests are only now becoming widely available. the use of current, conventional (non-type-specific) serologic tests for ... | 1999 | 9880471 |
| pneumococcal pneumonia associated with perianal herpes simplex virus type 2 in a hiv seropositive patient. | | 1998 | 9883439 |
| limits in reliability of glycoprotein g-based type-specific serologic assays for herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2. | type-specific serologic assays for herpes simplex virus (hsv) types 1 and 2 based on glycoprotein g-1 (gg-1) (hsv-1) and gg-2 (hsv-2) discriminate between antibodies against hsv-1 and hsv-2. we previously developed a western blot assay using gg-1 and gg-2 expressed in baculovirus, performed extensive validation studies, and determined that it was both sensitive and specific for type-specific detection of hsv antibody. here we report that, among a cohort of thai military recruits, the serostatus ... | 1999 | 9889222 |
| herpes. atypical clinical manifestations. | herpes simplex viruses (hsv) 1 and 2 are responsible for genital herpes which is usually recognized as vesicles that ulcerate and eventually heal but recur periodically. atypical genital herpes is often described in immunocompromised patients and can present as large, chronic, hyperkeratotic ulcers. acyclovir-resistant hsv is occasionally isolated from such ulcers. most cases of hsv infection reproduce subtle signs and symptoms, or more commonly, asymptomatic viral shedding. such subclinical pre ... | 1998 | 9891681 |
| genital herpes. type-specific antibodies for diagnosis and management. | the high incidence of unrecognized genital herpes infections and the role of such undiagnosed infections in continuing the spread of genital herpes has been due, in part, to the limited availability of accurate serologic assays for herpes simplex virus types 1 (hsv-1) and 2 (hsv-2). type-specific serology test kits for hsv diagnosis have been developed and are expected to be widely available in 1998. clinicians should understand the proper application of these new test and in addition, should be ... | 1998 | 9891682 |
| herpes. transmission and viral shedding. | herpes simplex virus infections are transmitted through contact with infected oral or genital secretions. the virus can be present on mucosa during a symptomatic recurrence or asymptomatically. most transmissions to neonates and sexual partners occur during asymptomatic viral shedding. the frequency of viral isolation in the absence of lesions ranges from 2% to 6% of days; however, studies using more sensitive tests, such as polymerase chain reaction, show that viral shedding can occur on the av ... | 1998 | 9891683 |
| herpes management and prophylaxis. | in summary, clinical management of hsv infection depends on an individual having an appropriate diagnosis and receiving proper counseling, follow-up of both themselves and their sexual partners, as well as having an opportunity to discuss with more knowledgeable physicians, the options for antiviral management should their individual problems and sequelae of genital hsv infection require it. although some of the aspects of management such as hsv type 2 serology testing or continuous antiviral th ... | 1998 | 9891684 |
| genital herpes complicating pregnancy. | the seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infections among reproductive-aged women in the united states in prevalent. this article discusses hsv and how it effects the pregnant women and neonates. management of the disease is reviewed, and recommendations for management of hsv during pregnancy are given. | 1998 | 9891685 |
| herpes. vaccines for hsv. | herpes simplex viruses type 1 (hsv-1) and 2 (hsv-2) are ubiquitous human pathogens capable of producing primary, latent, and recurrent infections. these viruses cause a variety of clinical illnesses including genital herpes, oral-facial infections, cutaneous infections, ocular infections, neonatal herpes, herpes encephalitis, disseminated infection, and erythema multiforme. this article summarizes the past and current efforts to develop both prophylactic and therapeutic hsv vaccines. | 1998 | 9891686 |
| detection of herpes simplex virus dna in semen of men with genital hsv-2 infection. | previous studies, using viral culture, have suggested that herpes simplex virus (hsv) isolation from semen is rare. this study attempts to investigate further the role of semen in sexual transmission of hsv. goals of this study: to evaluate semen samples for hsv dna with a sensitive polymerase chain reaction (pcr) test. | 1999 | 9918316 |
| progression of intravaginal infection by herpes simplex-2 in genetically athymic mice. | the purpose of this paper was to study the pathogenesis of wild-type herpes simplex-2 (hsv-2) primary intravaginal (ivag) infection in genetically athymic (nude) mice. nude (nu/nu) n: nih(s) and balb/c mice, as well as their euthymic counterparts were ivag infected with 5 x 10(5) pfu of hsv-2. the progression of the infection was followed by hsv-2 immunolabeling using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique in tissue sections of the whole body, electron microscopy, and viremia titration at two d ... | 1998 | 9922482 |
| quantitation of herpes simplex viral dna in vero cells for evaluation of an antiviral agent using the polymerase chain reaction. | a method for quantitation of the dna of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2)-infected vero cells by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was developed. this method allowed recognition of several molecules of viral dna among the total dna extracted from cells. the method could be applied to a very large range (10(-0)-10(-7)) of initial amounts of template. products of pcr were collected after each cycle for kinetic analysis. products were subjected to electrophoresis and amplified bands were staine ... | 1998 | 9923741 |
| a broad-spectrum microbicide with virucidal activity against sexually transmitted viruses. | sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds), an alkyl sulfate surfactant derived from an organic alcohol, possesses surfactant properties but also denatures and unfolds both monomeric and subunit proteins. in preliminary experiments, we demonstrated that sds is a potent inactivator of herpes simplex virus type 2 and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 at concentrations comparable to those used for the surfactant nonoxynol-9. we hypothesized that sds might be capable of denaturing the capsid proteins of nonenve ... | 1999 | 9925525 |
| induction of apoptosis in hep-2 cells by infection with herpes simplex virus type 2. | although herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) does not induce apoptosis in infected hep-2 cells, herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) did induce apoptosis in a small but significant fraction of the same cells. apoptosis was not observed in vero or hela cells infected with hsv-2. in addition, hsv-2 infection in the presence of cycloheximide induced extensive apoptosis of hep-2 or hela cells. | 1998 | 9930199 |
| us3 protein kinase of herpes simplex virus type 2 plays a role in protecting corneal epithelial cells from apoptosis in infected mice. | to clarify the biological role of us3 protein kinase of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) in vivo, the expression of the viral antigen, the appearance of apoptotic bodies and dna fragmentation were examined immunohistologically after corneal infection of mice with three different kinds of hsv-2 strain 186: the wild-type virus, a us3-deficient mutant (l1br1) and its revertant (l1b-11). in both wild-type 186- and l1b-11-infected mice, viral antigen was diffusely found in the corneal epithelium; ... | 1999 | 9934683 |
| disabled infectious single cycle (disc) herpes simplex virus as a vector for immunotherapy of cancer. | | 1998 | 10026900 |
| effect of undecylenic acid as a topical microbicide against genital herpes infection in mice and guinea pigs. | there is increasing interest in the use of topical microbicides to help prevent the spread of sexually transmitted diseases (std). undecylenic acid (ua), a monosaturated fatty acid, is the active ingredient in a number of over-the-counter (otc) antifungal spray powders, that also exhibits in vitro antibacterial and antiviral activity, including herpes simplex virus (hsv) activity. we, therefore, evaluated ua as a topical microbicide against genital hsv infection using the murine and guinea pig m ... | 1999 | 10027648 |
| development of a competitive elisa for detection of primates infected with monkey b virus (herpesvirus simiae). | two competitive elisas (c-elisas) are described that allow detection of antibodies against monkey b virus (bv, cercopithecine herpesvirus 1). the assays utilize monoclonal antibodies (mabs) directed against the bv glycoprotein b (gb). two of these mabs specifically recognize bv gb while a third mab also reacts with the gb homologues of other primate alpha-herpesviruses (herpes simplexvirus-1, hsv-1: hsv-2; simian agent-8, sa8; and herpesvirus papio-2, hvp2). a c-elisa using the single cross-reac ... | 1999 | 10029325 |
| herpes in the time of aids: a comparison of the epidemiology of hiv-1 and hsv-2 in young men in northern thailand. | to compare the epidemiologic pattern of hiv-1, a recently introduced sexually transmitted disease (std) agent in thailand, with the pattern of hsv-2, a well-established std agent, so that future trends for both viruses can be better understood. | 1999 | 10029978 |
| improving the management of genital herpes. | most patients with herpes simplex virus infection have mild or subclinical disease and fail to seek medical attention or are misdiagnosed. but inexpensive and accurate new serologies are being developed. chronic suppressive therapy in patients with frequent recurrences reduces viral shedding and may reduce transmission. | 1999 | 10047759 |
| synthesis of 2'-methylene-substituted 5-azapyrimidine, 6-azapyrimidine, and 3-deazaguanine nucleoside analogues as potential antitumor/antiviral agents. | 2'-deoxy-2'-methylene-6-azauridine (5) and 2'-deoxy-2'-methylene-6-azacytidine (8) have been synthesized via a multi-step procedure from 6-azauridine. 2'-deoxy-2'-methylene-5-azacytidine (14a) and 2'-deoxy-2'-methylene-3-deazaguanosine (19a) and their corresponding alpha-anomers (14b and 19b) have been synthesized by the transglycosylation of 3',5'-o-(1,1,3,3- tetraisopropyldisiloxane-1,3-diyl)-2'-deoxy-2'-methyleneu ridine (12) with silylated 5-azacytosine and silylated n2-palmitoyl-3-deazaguan ... | 1999 | 10048223 |
| seroprevalence study of herpes simplex virus type 2 among pregnant women in germany using a type-specific enzyme immunoassay. | in a german seroepidemiological study to determine the proportion of pregnant women infected with herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) and at risk of transmitting the infection to the newborn during delivery, igg antibodies to hsv-2 in 1999 sera collected from pregnant women in 1996-1997 were measured using an automated type-specific enzyme immunoassay (cobas core hsv-2 igg eia; roche diagnostics, switzerland). the seroprevalence of hsv-2 was 8.9%, and control studies with a type-common hsv assay ... | 1998 | 10052553 |
| il-12 gene as a dna vaccine adjuvant in a herpes mouse model: il-12 enhances th1-type cd4+ t cell-mediated protective immunity against herpes simplex virus-2 challenge. | il-12 has been shown to enhance cellular immunity in vitro and in vivo. recent reports have suggested that combining dna vaccine approach with immune stimulatory molecules delivered as genes may significantly enhance ag-specific immune responses in vivo. in particular, il-12 molecules could constitute an important addition to a herpes vaccine by amplifying specific immune responses. here we investigate the utility of il-12 cdna as an adjuvant for a herpes simplex virus-2 (hsv-2) dna vaccine in a ... | 1999 | 10072541 |
| prevalence of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, cytomegalovirus, and varicella-zoster virus infections in eritrea. | herpesviruses establish latent infections in their hosts for life. the scarcity of data that exists in regard to herpesvirus infections in many african regions, could partly be due to the mild nature of their primary infections and the lack of means for their proper diagnosis. however, in recent decades the alarming spread of hiv infection in africa and associated frequent reactivation of herpesvirus infections is leaving less room for neglect. this seroprevalence study is intended to help in th ... | 1999 | 10073414 |
| evaluation of elvis hsv id/typing system for the detection and typing of herpes simplex virus from clinical specimens. | herpes simplex virus (hsv) is a common pathogen with two serotypes: hsv-1 and hsv-2. hsv infection does not pose much of a threat to an immunocompetent host but to an immunocompromised host or a neonate the infection can be fatal. the enzyme-linked virus inducible system (elvis) employs a genetically altered baby hamster kidney (bhk) cell line that allows for the rapid overnight detection of hsv but also includes an immunofluorescent stain for the simultaneous detection and typing of hsv-1 and h ... | 1999 | 10073415 |
| amplification of the six major human herpesviruses from cerebrospinal fluid by a single pcr. | we used a novel type of primer system, a system that uses stair primers, in which the primer sequences are based on consensus sequences in the dna polymerase gene of herpesvirus to detect herpesviruses by pcr. a single pcr in a single tube detected the six major herpesviruses that infect the central nervous system: herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1), and type 2 (hsv-2), cytomegalovirus (cmv), epstein-barr virus (ebv), varicella-zoster virus (vzv), and human herpesvirus 6 (hhv-6). we used the te ... | 1999 | 10074507 |
| interleukin-4-mediated inhibition of nitric oxide production in interferon-gamma-treated and virus-infected macrophages. | upon interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) stimulation, murine macrophages (mphi) produce nitric oxide (no) through expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos). interleukin (il)-4 treatment, even delayed 12 h relative to ifn-gamma, antagonized this induction, whereas infection with herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) or treatment with tumour necrosis factor-alpha exerted a synergistic effect, which partly compensated for the antagonistic effect of il-4. neither il-4 nor hsv-2 affected the ifn-ga ... | 1999 | 10075021 |
| [virology, epidemiology and diagnosis of herpes genitalis]. | | 1999 | 10081481 |
| directed evolution of thymidine kinase for azt phosphorylation using dna family shuffling. | the thymidine kinase (tk) genes from herpes simplex virus (hsv) types 1 and 2 were recombined in vitro with a technique called dna family shuffling. a high-throughput robotic screen identified chimeras with an enhanced ability to phosphorylate zidovudine (azt). improved clones were combined, reshuffled, and screened on increasingly lower concentrations of azt. after four rounds of shuffling and screening, two clones were isolated that sensitize escherichia coli to 32-fold less azt compared with ... | 1999 | 10096293 |
| the immunosuppressive agent mycophenolate mofetil markedly potentiates the activity of lobucavir [1r(1alpha,2beta,3alpha)]-9-[2,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)cyclobutyl]guanine against different herpes viruses. | mycophenolate mofetil (mmf) has been approved as an immunosuppressive agent in kidney transplant recipients and may thus be used concomitantly with antiherpetic agents, the latter for the treatment of intercurrent herpesvirus infections. the parent compound of mmf, mycophenolic acid (mpa), is a potent inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase and causes depletion of the intracellular (deoxy)guanosine triphosphate [(d)gtp] pools. lobucavir [1r(1alpha,2beta,3alpha)]-9-[2,3-bis(hydroxymethyl ... | 1999 | 10096537 |
| the primary production of an infectious recombinant herpes simplex virus vaccine. | the production and extracellular release of a recombinant herpes simplex virus (type 2) from monolayers of infected complementing vero cells (cr2) are addressed. growth and virus production conditions are identified that provide adequate virus titers with cell seeding densities and viral multiplicities of infection that could be reasonably handled in manufacturing. harvesting by sonication of cell monolayers is shown to give the highest recovery of infectious virus (to 2.5 x 10(6) pfu/ml) but le ... | 1998 | 10099202 |
| the affinity adsorptive recovery of an infectious herpes simplex virus vaccine. | the chromatographic purification of a recombinant herpes simplex virus (type 2) from salt- and heparin-released harvests of infected complementing vero (cr2) cells is addressed. functionalized matrices and process operating conditions are identified that provide adequate virus titres in eluates that are significantly reduced in cr2 cell protein and dna and possess a low level of hsv-2 protein. virus from diluted salt-released harvests (0.14 m nacl) was not appreciably adsorbed onto either hepari ... | 1999 | 10099562 |
| herpes simplex virus entry is associated with tyrosine phosphorylation of cellular proteins. | the initial step in herpes simplex virus (hsv) entry is binding of virion glycoprotein (g)c and/or gb to cell surface heparan sulfate. after this initial attachment, gd interacts with cell surface receptor or receptors, and the virion envelope fuses with the cell membrane. fusion requires viral glycoproteins gb, gd, gl, and gh, but the cellular factors that participate in or the pathways activated by viral entry have not been defined. to determine whether signal transduction pathways are trigger ... | 1999 | 10191187 |
| association of major histocompatibility complex determinants with the development of symptomatic and asymptomatic genital herpes simplex virus type 2 infections. | the clinical spectrum of herpes simplex virus (hsv) infections, ranging from asymptomatic to frequently distressing outbreaks, suggests that there may be immunologic determinants of disease severity that are associated with human leukocyte antigen (hla) expression. a controlled, prospective study identified several major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i and ii antigens whose frequencies are associated with hsv-2 infection or with frequent symptomatic genital recurrences. previous studies ... | 1999 | 10191207 |
| antiviral activities of biflavonoids. | biflavonoids such as amentoflavone (1), agathisflavone (2), robustaflavone (3), hinokiflavone (4), volkensiflavone (5), rhusflavanone (7), succedaneflavanone (9), all isolated from rhus succedanea and garcinia multiflora, as well as their methyl ethers and acetates, volkensiflavone hexamethyl ether (6), rhusflavanone hexaacetate (8), and succedaneflavanone hexaacetate (10) were evaluated for their antiviral activities. the inhibitory activities against a number of viruses including respiratory v ... | 1999 | 10193201 |
| public and personal health implications of asymptomatic viral shedding in genital herpes. | | 1998 | 10195042 |