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calcium ionophore a-23187 and 12-o-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate stimulation of prostaglandin synthesis in herpes simplex virus type 2-transformed rat cells.the purpose of this investigation was to determine whether cells transformed by herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) can be stimulated to synthesize prostaglandins (pg). stimulation was determined by measuring the release of pg into overlay fluids from cell monolayers prelabeled with [3h]arachidonic acid. results showed that ca2+ ionophore a-23187 markedly stimulated arachidonic acid release starting 30 min after treatment of hsv-2-transformed and nontransformed rat embryo fibroblast cells. howev ...19846322982
dna polymerase in nuclei isolated from herpes simplex virus type-2-infected cells. characterization of the reaction product and inhibition by substrate analogs.nuclei isolated from herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 2-infected kb cells were examined for their capacity to serve as an in situ source of herpes dna polymerase. in contrast to purified enzymes with added template, approx. 80% of the dna synthesized in isolated nuclei was viral. the average size of dna fragments labeled in vitro was 3.2 x 10(6) da. based on an increase in dna density when nuclei were incubated in the presence of brdutp rather than dttp, 16% of the nucleotides were added during t ...19846320890
herpes virus antigens and antibodies in kidney biopsies and sera of iga glomerulonephritic patients.antibody titers against 4 viruses of the herpes group have been studied in the sera of 54 patients with iga glomerulonephritis (gn). the incidence of antibodies to herpes simplex virus type-1 (hsv-1), hsv-2, cytomegalovirus (cmv), epstein-barr virus nuclear antigen (ebna), and that of igg antibodies to ebv virus capsid antigen (vca) were similar in patients and in controls. however, elevated antibody titers (greater than or equal to 64) to hsv and cmv occurred more frequently in patients with ig ...19846329570
ultrastructural changes during herpes simplex virus type 2 latency and reactivation in vitro.an in vitro latency system using herpes simplex virus type 2(hsv2)-infected human embryonic lung cells treated with cytosine arabinoside (ara-c) and incubated at 39.5 degrees after drug removal was used to examine the ultrastructure of the infected cells during (i) ara-c treatment, (ii) the latent period after ara-c removal and temperature elevation, and (iii) reactivation after superinfection with human cytomegalovirus. in the presence of ara-c 'empty', nonenveloped, herpesvirus-like particles ...19846698759
thymine arabinoside (ara-t) topical and iontophoretic application for herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 skin infections in hairless mice.the antiviral agent thymine arabinoside (9-beta-d-arabinofuranosyl thymine, ara-t) was applied topically and by anodal (+) iontophoresis in a nacl solution to herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1), and herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) skin infections in hairless mice. the chemotherapeutic efficacy of ara-t was evaluated employing the parameters of mean lesion score, number of mice with signs of neurological involvement (paralysis), mortality and mean survival time. anodal (+) iontophoresis of 0 ...19846717166
degradation of cellular mrnas induced by a virion-associated factor during herpes simplex virus infection of vero cells.we have used northern blot hybridization to study the accumulation of specific cellular mrnas in vero cells infected with herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 1 or type 2. hsv-1 infection decreased the cytoplasmic levels of beta- and gamma-actin, beta-tubulin, and histone h3 and h4 mrnas, though not all at the same rate. hsv-2 infection resulted in a more rapid decrease in actin and histone mrna levels compared with hsv-1 infection. the turnover rate of each type of mrna studied was accelerated in hs ...19854020960
synergistic antiviral effects of acyclovir and vidarabine on herpes simplex infection in newborn mice.277 5-7-day-old white swiss mice were infected intranasally with herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv2) to mimic disseminated herpetic infection in human newborns. the antiviral efficacy of acyclovir, vidarabine and specific antiserum (sas) alone and in combination was assessed. a significant increase in survival rate (52%) was observed with the combination of acyclovir (80 mg/kg/day) and vidarabine (125 mg/kg/day) compared to either compound (24 and 6%, respectively) when therapy was begun 30 h aft ...19854028874
human monocyte-mediated cytotoxicity against herpes simplex virus-infected cells: activation of cytotoxic monocytes by free and liposome-encapsulated lymphokines.human peripheral blood monocytes were incubated with free or liposome-encapsulated human lymphokines containing macrophage-activating factor (maf) and tested for their effect on herpes simplex virus (hsv)-infected target cells. activated monocytes lysed allogeneic hsv type 2 (hsv-2)-infected whole human embryo cells and xenogeneic balb/c mouse embryo cells (10e2) without any significant effect on uninfected cells, as measured by release of 51cr from target cells after 18 h of cocultivation. kine ...19853882870
cigarette smoking, herpes simplex virus type 2 infection, and cervical abnormalities.in a case-control study, we investigated the relation of cigarette smoking and genital herpes virus infection to cervical abnormalities. although cases and controls differed according to several factors, multiple logistic analyses indicated that age, education, and cigarette smoking were the only independent risk factors for histologically confirmed disease. relative risk estimates were 1.92 and 3.68 for past and current smokers, respectively. the results indicated that smoking and genital herpe ...19854003639
viral meningitis.viral meningitis is part of the aseptic meningitis syndrome but must be distinguished from bacterial meningitis on the basis of a careful examination of the csf and sound clinical judgment. enteroviruses probably account for the bulk of cases of aseptic meningitis that occur in the united states and which are reported to the centers for disease control each year. the seasonal pattern in the incidence of aseptic meningitis is largely due to the seasonal variation of enteroviral infections. early ...19853990441
[herpes simplex virus infections].there are two serological types of herpes simplex virus, hsv-1 and hsv-2. the types can be differentiated by different methods. after a primary infection hsv reaches the sensory ganglions by the way of peripheral nervous tracts. the virus remains for life in the ganglion as virus genome. after activation and return movement a new infection can appear. a lot of various diseases are caused by primary infection, reactivation or reinfection. the diagnosis in herpes virus diseases includes the detect ...19854039869
comparative activities of combinations of acyclovir, vidarabine or its 5'-monophosphate, and cloned human interferons against herpes simplex virus type 2 in human and mouse fibroblast cultures.human interferon-alpha a/d (bgl), an alpha-hybrid cloned interferon, displays activity in both human and mouse cell lines. we measured the effects of this interferon in double and triple combinations with acyclovir, vidarabine or its 5'-monophosphate against herpes simplex virus type 2 in mouse and human fibroblasts. a 75% cytopathic effect reduction assay employing a modified checkerboard technique was used. results in human fibroblasts were compared with those obtained when recombinant human i ...19852418779
immunity to herpes simplex virus: virus reactivation modulates lymphokine activity.cell-mediated immunity to herpes simplex virus (hsv) was studied in patients with recurrent disease and in seropositive controls. supernatants from cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbls) obtained during recrudescence (zero to three days after onset of lesions), convalescence (four to 14 days), and quiescence (greater than 14 days) were assayed for their ability to augment natural killer activity of normal pbls against k562 target cells. supernatants obtained during recrudescence, ...19852411825
immunoblotting and elisa analysis of hsv-1 and hsv-2-specified polypeptides by using an immunoblocking method.herpes simplex virus (hsv) specified polypeptide antigens were analyzed by immunoblotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) methods. in general, the virus specified proteins showed marked cross-reactivity. however, the hsv-1 specified glycoprotein c could be detected by hsv-1 infected rabbit antiserum only. two low molecular weight polypeptides showed considerable reactivity with hsv-2 induced immune sera as revealed by an immunoblocking modification of the immunoblotting method. the ...19852412480
the effect of dimethylnitrosamine on host resistance and immunity.adult female b6c3f1 mice were injected ip with 0.2 ml phosphate-buffered saline (pbs) only or pbs containing 1.5, 3, or 5 mg dimethylnitrosamine (dmn)/kg body wt daily for 14 days. on day 16, mice were evaluated for changes in immune status as measured by the antibody response to sheep red blood cells (srbcs), blastogenesis to t- and b-cell mitogens, natural killer (nk) cell function, delayed hypersensitivity, and alveolar macrophage (am) bactericidal activity; and for changes in host resistance ...19853883572
nucleosides. 133. synthesis of 5-alkenyl-1-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-beta-d-arabinofuranosyl)cytosines and related pyrimidine nucleosides as potential antiviral agents.the synthesis of 1-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-beta-d-arabinofuranosyl)cytosines with a halovinyl or vinyl substituent at c-5 was accomplished from the corresponding 5-iodo (fiac, 1) and/or 5-chloromercuri nucleoside analogues with use of li2pdcl4- and pd(oac)2-mediated coupling reactions. thiation of the benzoylated derivative of the 5-ethyluracil nucleoside 3 followed by s-methylation and then ammonolysis provided 5-ethyl-2'-fluoro-ara-c. 5-ethynyl-2'-fluoro-ara-c (19a) and 5-ethynyl-2'-fluoro-ara-u (19 ...19854009596
oligosaccharide chains of herpes simplex virus type 2 glycoprotein gg.2.gg.2 glycoprotein was purified by h966 monoclonal antibodies linked to sepharose from herpes simplex virus type 2-infected hep-2 cells labeled with [3h] glucosamine. the glycoprotein was subjected to pronase digestion and the glycopeptides were fractionated by con a-sepharose in a major fraction (88.5% of total radioactivity) unbound to the lectin gel and in a minor species which bound to the lectin as a n-linked diantennary oligosaccharide. mild and strong acid hydrolysis of con a-unbound and c ...19854026310
the effect of prostaglandin e2 on the initial immune response to herpes simplex virus infection.numerous clinical situations, demonstrated to be associated with reactivation of herpes simplex virus infections, have also been shown to produce increases in local levels of prostaglandins. the current study was initiated to determine if prostaglandins play a role in the immune response and control of herpes simplex virus infections. lymphocytes from volunteers were stimulated with concanavalin a, herpes simplex virus 1, or herpes simplex virus 2 in the presence of prostaglandin e2 or ibuprofen ...19853872073
[herpes simplex virus type 2 infection. etiology, clinical aspects, diagnosis, therapy, hsv-2 and cervix cancer].the genital herpes infection is mostly caused by hsv-2. the analysis of epidemic data supports the common impression that herpes genitalis markedly increased. the hsv-2 is with few exceptions a sexually transmitted virus, the infectionsity is about 80%. the primary infection with hsv-2 occurs in the youth. hsv-2 survives in a latent stage in the human body for life and causes as a rule to recurrent diseases. the clinical picture is variable. the most severe complication is the sepsis of newborn. ...19853004067
retention of herpes simplex virus type ii sequences in bglii n-transformed cells after co-transfection with a selectable marker.transformation of mammalian cells by total u.v.-inactivated herpes simplex virus ii (hsvii) or cloned fragments thereof (bglii n, bglii c) has been complicated both by a low efficiency of oncogenic transformation and the disappearance of viral dna and/or viral products initially detected in the transformed cell lines. in an attempt to effect a stable integration of bglii n and to elucidate the role of hsvii in oncogenic transformation, we have co-transfected nih 3t3 cells with pag60, a plasmid w ...19853004960
a close association of adriamycin resistance with expression of cell surface antigens in adriamycin-resistant cell lines of herpes simplex virus type 2-transformed syrian hamster cells.we determined the properties of three adriamycin (adm)-resistant cell lines isolated from a clone of herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 2-transformed syrian hamster cells. the adm-resistant lines (admr-6, -7 and -9) established by continuous exposure of the cells to adm were 20 to 30 times more resistant to adm than was the parent line. these resistant lines exhibited cross-resistance to daunomycin, actinomycin d, chromomycin a3 and vincristine, but not to mitomycin c, bleomycin or methotrexate. up ...19853005209
[discovery of herpes simplex virus (hsv)-like particles in biopsy samples of cervical carcinoma].the tissue of cervical cancer and hsv-2 infected baby rabbit kidney (brk) cells were studied comparatively by electron microscope. in 2 out of 12 samples from patients with cervical carcinoma, some virus-like particles were observed in the cytoplasm or intercellular space. some particles seemed to be enveloped by endoplasmic reticulum. according to their size, structure and morphology, these particles resembled the herpes simplex virus. the relationship between the discovery of herpes simplex vi ...19853015529
plaque autoradiography assay for the detection and quantitation of thymidine kinase-deficient and thymidine kinase-altered mutants of herpes simplex virus in clinical isolates.a plaque autoradiography assay to detect and quantitate thymidine kinase (tk) mutants of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and hsv-2 in clinical samples is described. this method utilizes the selective incorporation of [125i]iododeoxycytidine, a pyrimidine analog selectively phosphorylated by the hsv tk. only cells infected with tk-competent virus will efficiently incorporate iododeoxycytidine and are the only cells detected by autoradiography. furthermore, this assay discriminates between tk+ ...19853010836
selective in vitro and in vivo activities of 5-(2-haloalkyl)pyrimidine nucleoside analogs, particularly 5-(2-chloroethyl)-2'-deoxyuridine, against herpes simplex virus.5-(2-chloroethyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (cedu), 5-(3-chloropropyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (cpdu), and 5-(2-chloroethyl)-2'-deoxycytidine (cedc) were evaluated for activity against herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and hsv-2 in vitro. their mics for hsv-1 in primary rabbit kidney cell cultures were 0.15, 0.20, and 0.60 micrograms/ml, respectively; their mics for hsv-2 were about 10-fold higher. when tested in parallel, the reference compounds 5-ethyl-2'-deoxyuridine, 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine, acyclovir, and ( ...19853010841
investigation of the virulence genes of herpes simplex virus 2 by experimental infection in vivo with defined intertypic recombinants of a virulent hsv-2 x an avirulent hsv-1.for determination of the gene loci for virulence and tropism of herpes simplex virus 2 (hsv-2) intertypic recombinants of hsv-1 strain hfem and hsv-2 strain 3345 were screened for their pathogenicity in the tree shrew. hsv-1 strain hfem is not pathogenic in the tree shrew and can be recovered as a latent virus only from the spleen of the animals; but hsv-2 strain 3345, the other parental virus of the recombinants, was found to be virulent for the tree shrew and colonized the ganglia of latently ...19853003551
the herpes simplex virus amplicon: analyses of cis-acting replication functions.previous studies have shown that defective virus vectors (amplicons) derived from herpes simplex viruses could be efficiently propagated in virus stocks in the presence of trans-acting helper virus functions. the present study established that two separate cis-acting functions--a dna replication origin and a cleavage/packaging signal--are required for amplicon propagation. using deleted derivatives of cloned amplicons, we mapped one of the viral dna replication origins (ori-2 or oril) at coordin ...19852983310
protection from genital herpes simplex virus type 2 infection by vaccination with cloned type 1 glycoprotein d.guinea pigs were vaccinated with truncated herpes simplex virus type-1 (hsv-1) glycoprotein d produced in the genetically engineered mammalian cell line gd10.2. vaccinated animals formed antibodies that neutralized both hsv-1 and herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) in an in vitro neutralization assay. vaccinated animals were challenged with hsv-2 by intravaginal infection. animals that received the immunogen in freund's complete adjuvant were completely protected from the clinical manifestations ...19852983428
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for determination of antibodies against herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 in human sera.a rapid and reproducible enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) is described for determining antibodies in human sera against herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and type 2 (hsv-2). the sera were absorbed for 30 min with heterologous virus-infected-cell extracts to remove cross-reacting antibodies and then were applied to elisa plates containing the target antigens, immunoaffinity-purified hsv-1 glycoproteins gc and gd and hsv-2 glycoproteins gd and gf. the absorbance index, defined as the ra ...19852985643
anti-herpes simplex virus and cytostatic activity of some new 5-substituted 1-(4-hydroxybutyl)-and 1-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl) uracil nucleoside analogues.two series of 5-substituted acyclic uracil nucleoside analogues (5-x-acyclo-u) were evaluated for their inhibitory effects against three herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) strains and one type 2 (hsv-2) strain in a plaque inhibition assay on human embryonic lung fibroblast (helf) cell cultures as well as for their ability to inhibit the proliferation of baby hamster kidney cells in suspension (bhk-s) culture. acyclovir [9-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl)guanine; acv] and (s)-9-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)adeni ...19852864819
[prevention and therapy of herpesvirus infections].the group of the human-pathogenic herpesviruses comprises five subgroups: herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1), herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2), varicella zoster virus (vzv), cytomegalovirus (cmv), and epstein-barr virus (ebv). primary infection with these ubiquitous herpesviruses usually occurs in childhood or during adolescence and frequently remains inapparent. however, it can also give rise to a variety of clinical pictures. important clinical manifestations of herpesvirus infections are ...19852986378
synergism between recombinant human interferon and nucleoside antiviral agents against herpes simplex virus: examination with an automated microtiter plate assay.an automated, quantitative, cytopathic effect (cpe) inhibition assay with human fibroblasts in 96-well microtiter plates was used to examine the combination of recombinant human interferon-alpha (rifn-alpha a) and acyclovir, vidarabine, or dihydroxypropoxymethyl guanine against herpes simplex virus types 1 (hsv-1) and 2 (hsv-2) in vitro. fifty percent cpe (cpe50) end points, calculated from optical density readings of crystal violet-stained monolayers in an automated spectrophotometer, represent ...19852987369
development of molecular probes for simian herpesvirus detection.a number of serologic procedures are available for specifically determining past infection due to h. hominis, or h. simiae (b virus). a herpesvirus isolated from primate tissues, however, does not lend itself to specific identification. procedures currently in routine use simply do not provide an unequivocal identification of the isolate. we have previously demonstrated that h. simiae contain polypeptide and glycoprotein antigens distinct from those of other herpesviruses. at selected intervals, ...19852989049
isolation and characterization of deletion mutants of herpes simplex virus type 2 (strain hg52).we provide evidence that: (i) two variants lacking the xbai site at map coordinate 0.7 have been selected following xbai treatment of the dna of herpes simplex virus type 2 strain hg52; (ii) one of these mutants had lost the 0.7 restriction site due to a deletion of approximately 150 base pairs and in the other the site loss was due to a similar sized sequence insertion; (iii) following xbai treatment, four variants with deletions ranging in size from 1.5 kb (in both trl and irl) to 9 kb in irl ...19852989417
herpes simplex virus type 2 and human papillomavirus type 16 in cervicitis, dysplasia and invasive cervical carcinoma.sera and biopsies of cervical lesions from 55 women with benign or malignant disease were analyzed for evidence of infection with herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) or human papillomavirus (hpv). in addition, information regarding known risk factors for cervical cancer was obtained by interview. the sera were tested for hsv-2 antibodies and the biopsies were tested for hpv or hsv dna sequences by southern blot hybridization. hsv-2 sequences were detected in 2/13 (15%) invasive neoplasms and in ...19852981783
can ribonucleotide reductase be considered as an effective target for developing antiherpes simplex virus type ii (hsv-2) compounds?herpes simplex viruses are known to induce virus specified ribonucleotide reductase (rr) in infected cells. rr is considered as a possible target for the development of antiviral agents. in this study, the role of rr in virus replication has been investigated. the sensitivity of rr to hydroxyurea (hu) from virus infected and uninfected hela s3 cells was similar with ic50 values of 0.12 and 0.14 mm. in the presence of 2 mm hu, and 10 microm tetrahydrouridine (thu), a cytidine deaminase inhibitor, ...19852983736
analysis of world-wide age-specific data for the association of cervical cancer with infections by herpes simplex virus type 2.world-wide incidence data obtained from the scientific literature are used to expand to age-specific incidence rates the observation that the incidence of invasive cervical cancer in many human populations is related to the incidence of infections with herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) in the same community. the data for the incidence of the tumor were obtained from international registries. data for prevalence of hsv-2 antibodies were used to evaluate the incidence of past primary infections ...19852989664
microcarriers in combination with enzyme immunofiltration and immunofluroescence for the detection of herpes simplex virus antigens in culture.a microcarrier culture system in combination with enzyme immunofiltration with a herpes simplex virus (hsv) group monoclonal antibody was found to be as sensitive as immunofluorescence for the detection of hsv type 1 (hsv-1) in cell cultures and to give specific identification at the same time as the appearance of the cytopathic effect with very high infectious inocula and within 10 to 24 h of the appearance of the cytopathic effect with very high infectious inocula and within 10 to 24 h of the ...19852984242
antiherpes effects and pharmacokinetic properties of 9-(4-hydroxybutyl) guanine and the (r) and (s) enantiomers of 9-(3,4-dihydroxybutyl)guanine.three acyclic guanosine analogs with similar structures, the (r) and (s) forms of 9-(3,4-dihydroxybutyl)guanine and 9-(4-hydroxybutyl)guanine, were compared for antiherpes activity in vivo and in vitro. the three guanosine analogs were viral thymidine kinase-dependent inhibitors of virus multiplication. in cell cultures, (s)-9-(3,4-dihydroxybutyl)guanine was the least active of these three drugs against a variety of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and type 2 (hsv-2) strains. this was also th ...19852990325
characterization of the gene encoding herpes simplex virus type 2 glycoprotein c and comparison with the type 1 counterpart.the gene encoding the glycoprotein c (gc) of herpes simplex virus type 1 maps to the region of the viral genome from 0.62 to 0.64. recently, a herpes simplex virus type 2 glycoprotein previously designated gf and now designated gc was mapped to a homologous location. analysis of the herpes simplex virus type 2 mrna species encoded in this region revealed a major transcript of 2.5 kilobases, a 0.73-kilobase transcript (the 5' ends of which were mapped by primer extension), and several minor speci ...19852982036
crossed immunoelectrophoretic analysis of herpes simplex virus type 2 proteins. characterization of antigen-5.herpes simplex virus type 2 proteins extracted from infected cells and analysed by crossed immunoelectrophoresis identified a nonglycosylated antigen named ag-5. the antigen contained two proteins when extracted from the agarose gel and the molecular weights were 128k and 91k. both proteins are located in the nucleus of the infected cells and the 128k is identical to icp-8. the 91k protein is based on the reactivity with monoclonal antibodies most likely the alkaline exonuclease mapped by presto ...19852990392
a prospective study of herpes simplex virus infection in a defined population in houston, texas.a seroepidemiologic study was conducted to determine the incidence of antibodies to herpes simplex virus in a population of middle-class caucasian women. in utero exposure to diethylstilbestrol did not influence the frequency of herpes simplex virus infection. the frequency of infection increased with age and number of sex partners and a 50% increase in incidence of herpes simplex virus type 2 infection was noted during the 4-year period of the study. subclinical herpes simplex virus type 2 infe ...19852983557
identification and typing of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 by monoclonal antibodies, sensitivity to the drug (e)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine, and restriction endonuclease analysis of viral dna.with development of antiviral drugs, the need to identify a virus as to drug sensitivity becomes increasingly of importance. the compound (e)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (bvdu) has been shown to be much more inhibitory to the replication of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and varicella-zoster virus as opposed to herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2). we have typed over 170 isolates, using an immunofluorescent technique and sensitivity to the drug bvdu. these results were then compared to ...19852984324
comparison of western blot analysis to microneutralization for the detection of type-specific herpes simplex virus antibodies.a newly developed system (as described in the previous paper) employing separated herpes simplex virus (hsv) polypeptides electrophoretically transferred to nitrocellulose paper, western blot analysis (wba), was compared to microneutralization (mn) for the detection of type-specific antibody to hsv types 1 and 2 in 98 human sera. sera containing hsv1-specific antibodies reacted at least twofold more densely (as quantitated by densitometric scanning) to hsv1 than hsv2 polypeptides, while sera wit ...19852984325
protection of mice against fatal herpes simplex type 2 infection by liposomes containing muramyl tripeptide.intravenous administration of liposomes containing muramyl tripeptide phosphatidylethanolamine, a lipophilic derivative of muramyl dipeptide that activates macrophages to a cytolytic state in situ, significantly protected mice against lethal challenge with herpes simplex virus type 2. these findings suggest that the systemic activation of macrophages by liposomes containing an immunomodulator can lead to prophylaxis of severe infections caused by herpesviruses.19852984772
enhanced efficacy of the acyclic nucleoside 9-(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxymethyl)guanine in combination with gamma interferon against herpes simplex virus type 2 in mice.the acyclic nucleoside 9-(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxymethyl)guanine (dhpg) and recombinant mouse interferon gamma (rmuifn-gamma) were evaluated for their efficacy alone and in combination against a herpes simplex virus type 2 systemic infection in mice. intraperitoneally infected animals were treated once a day with the drugs at various concentrations for 5 days starting 24 h after inoculation. dhpg was given subcutaneously and rmuifn-gamma intraperitoneally. for dhpg, the effective dose at which 50 ...19852992368
combination chemotherapy: interaction of 5-methoxymethyldeoxyuridine with trifluorothymidine, phosphonoformate and acycloguanosine against herpes simplex viruses.methoxymethyldeoxyuridine (mmudr) when used in combination with either trifluorothymidine (f3tdr) or phosphonoformate (pfa) showed synergistic activity against herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 (hsv-1 and hsv-2) in vitro, whereas mmudr and acycloguanosine (acg) combination was antagonistic against herpes viruses. hsv-1 mutants resistant to acg, arabinofuranosyladenine (ara-a), mmudr or pfa were isolated. drug-resistant hsv-1 virus mutants were analyzed for cross sensitivity to acg, ara-a, f ...19852984988
the therapeutic efficacy of a xanthate compound on herpes simplex virus in skin lesions of mice and guinea-pigs.xanthates have recently been shown to inhibit the replication of both dna and rna viruses in vitro. the antiviral activity was exerted only under acidic ph conditions. curative effects in vivo on herpes simplex virus (hsv)-induced skin lesions were only observed when the xanthate compound was administered in the form of an ointment containing acidic buffer (sodium phosphate ph 5.0). advanced hsv-2-induced skin lesions in mice were healed by topical treatment with the xanthate compound. hsv-1-ind ...19852993486
identification of cross-reacting glycoproteins of four herpesviruses by western blotting.monospecific rabbit antisera against purified herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) gb, gc or gd antigens or polyvalent rabbit antiserum against equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1)-infected cells was used in western blotting to identify antigenically related proteins in cells infected with hsv-1, hsv-2, bovine mammillitis virus or ehv-1. monomeric and oligomeric polypeptides related to hsv-1 gb were found in cells infected with each of the four herpesviruses. the gc antiserum was specific for hsv-1 ...19852993488
serum antibodies to the major hsv-2-specified dna-binding protein in patients with an acute hsv infection or cervical neoplasia.the major hsv-2-specified dna-binding protein (icsp 11/12) was purified from hsv-2-infected cells. elisa and immunoblotting techniques were used to study its antigenicity in hsv-infected patients and patients with cervical neoplasia and control women. patients with an acute hsv-2 infection had clearcut antibody responses to the purified icsp 11/12 preparation. determination of the icsp 11/12 antibodies by elisa revealed considerably higher serum antibody levels in patients with cervical carcinom ...19852993495
evaluation of two immunofluorescence assays with monoclonal antibodies for typing of herpes simplex virus.an indirect immunofluorescence assay and a direct immunofluorescence assay were evaluated for typing clinical isolates of herpes simplex virus (hsv). the indirect immunofluorescence assay (electro-nucleonics, inc.) correctly identified 16 hsv type 2 (hsv-2) isolates, but failed to identify 4 of 14 hsv-1 isolates because of background fluorescence and instability of reagents. forty-nine hsv-1 isolates were correctly typed by direct immunofluorescence assay (kallestad laboratories, inc.), but 1 of ...19852985651
direct inactivation of viruses by mcp-1 and mcp-2, natural peptide antibiotics from rabbit leukocytes.six homologous peptides were purified to homogeneity from rabbit granulocytes or alveolar macrophages and tested for their ability to inactivate herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1). two of the peptides, mcp-1 and mcp-2, showed considerable in vitro neutralizing activity, whereas four structurally homologous peptides (np-3a, np-3b, np-4, and np-5) were relatively ineffective. inactivation of hsv-1 by mcp-1 or mcp-2 depended on peptide concentration and on the time, temperature, and ph of the incu ...19852985808
vaccinia virus recombinant expressing herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein d prevents latent herpes in mice.in humans, herpes simplex virus causes a primary infection and then often a latent ganglionic infection that persists for life. because these latent infections can recur periodically, vaccines are needed that can protect against both primary and latent herpes simplex infections. infectious vaccinia virus recombinants that contain the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) glycoprotein d gene under control of defined early or late vaccinia virus promoters were constructed. tissue culture cells infec ...19852986288
intracellular transport of herpes simplex virus gd occurs more rapidly in uninfected cells than in infected cells.a mouse l cell line which expresses the herpex simplex virus type 1 immediate-early polypeptides icp4 and icp47 was cotransfected with a cloned copy of the bglii l fragment of herpes simplex virus type 2, which includes the gene for gd, and the plasmid psv2neo, which contains the aminoglycosyl 3'-phosphotransferase (agpt) gene conferring resistance to the antibiotic g418. a g418-resistant transformed cell line was isolated which expressed herpes simplex virus type 2 gd at higher levels than were ...19852987522
cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus ascending myelitis in a patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome.progressive ascending myelitis was the presenting feature of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) in a homosexual man who also had kaposi's sarcoma, pneumocystis pneumonia, and disseminated cytomegalovirus (cmv) infection. neuropathological studies showed profuse cytomegalic cells throughout the brain and spinal cord, but no inflammatory response. at postmortem examination, cmv and herpes simplex virus, type 2 (hsv-2), were recovered from multiple sites throughout the central nervous s ...19852994553
immunoblotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis of serological responses in patients infected with herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2.serological responses to soluble membrane and cytoplasmic antigens specified by herpes simplex type 1 (hsv1) and 2 (hsv2) were studied by immunoblotting and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). in the immunoblotting test, polypeptides migrating like the hsv1-specified glycoprotein c showed type-specific reactivity but could not always be detected. the immunoblotting and elisa results were in agreement when antibody responses to hsv1- and hsv2-specified antigens were compared, and they a ...19852995271
differences in humoral immunogenicity between herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2.infection of nmri mice with increasing doses of six different strains of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) induced increasing levels of neutralizing antibodies. in contrast, three strains of hsv-2, irrespective of the dose, induced only marginal antibody responses. only strain hg 52 (hsv-2) at high doses of infection stimulated antibody formation. the virus content of some organs in 6- to 8-week-old mice appeared to be lower after hsv-2 than after hsv-1 infection. application of immune-modulat ...19852995556
inhibition of herpes simplex virus replication in vitro by human cytotoxic t cell clones and natural killer cell clones.the abilities of human cytotoxic t cell (ctl) clones and natural killer (nk) cell clones to inhibit the replication of herpes simplex virus (hsv) in vitro were shown. the specificities of clones inhibiting hsv replication were the same as those of cytotoxicity in hsv type specificity and hla restriction, i.e. hsv type 1 (hsv-1) and hsv type 2 (hsv-2) common ctl clones inhibited the replication of both hsv-1 and hsv-2 in autologous cells, but not in allogeneic cells. hsv-1-specific ctl clones inh ...19852995557
acute and latent herpes simplex virus neurological disease in mice immunized with purified virus-specific glycoproteins gb or gd.groups of 5-week-old balb/c mice were immunized intraperitoneally with approximately 10 micrograms of purified alum-precipitated glycoprotein gb or gd of either herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) or type 2 (hsv-2) origin. control mice received injections of alum-precipitated 1% bovine serum albumin (bsa). following a second immunization 4 weeks later, seroconversion was confirmed by demonstrating the presence of glycoprotein-specific antibody by immune precipitation. all animals were challenged ...19852995573
synthesis and antitumor and antiviral activities of a series of 1-beta-d-ribofuranosyl-5-halocytosine (5-halocytidine) cyclic 3',5'-monophosphates.a series of 1-beta-ribofuranosyl-5-halocytosine cyclic 3',5'-monophosphates (1-4) has been prepared. direct halogenation of cytidine 3',5'-monophosphate (ccmp) yielded the cl, br, and i compounds while 5-f-ccmp (1) was obtained on cyclization of the 5'-monophosphate. on in vitro testing of 1-4 against l1210 and p388 leukemias, only 1 showed significant low-level activity (id50 = 3.1 x 10(-4) mmol/l). derivatives 2-4 were inactive at 10(-1) mmol/l and also proved to have low viral ratings against ...19852984417
synthesis and antiviral activity of 11-azapentacyclo[6.2.1.0.0.0]decane.11-azapentacyclo[6.2.1.0.0.0]decane (6a) as well as its 6,7-dimethyl derivative 6b was synthesized by a novel, four-step sequence that holds promise for the construction of a variety of cage compounds with bridging nitrogen atoms. the hydrochloride salt of 6a was shown to possess no antiviral activity against either the influenza virus a/victoria/3/75 or the herpes simplex viruses hsv-1 and hsv-2.19852989519
herpes simplex viral infection in human neonates: an immunohistochemical and electron microscopic study.specimens obtained at autopsy from six neonates with herpes simplex virus (hsv) infections were examined microscopically, electron microscopically, and immunohistochemically. coagulative necrosis with inclusions was found in the livers and adrenal glands in all cases, as well as in various other organs, including the spleen, bone marrow, lungs, esophagus, tongue, and thymus, in some cases. distinct hemorrhagic diathesis was found in three cases. no characteristic clinical findings, such as skin ...19852997017
the sources of thymidine nucleotides for virus dna synthesis in herpes simplex virus type 2-infected cells.the thymidine nucleotide sources present during herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infection were examined. it was concluded that the source of dttp in hsv-2-infected cells is not only derived from the ribonucleotide reductase-catalyzed de novo pathway, but also from host dna. when the de novo pathway was inhibited by the addition of hydroxyurea, an inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, the dttp levels were maintained by a compensatory increase in dttp derived from host dna. the utilization of ...19852997161
humoral immune response to herpes simplex virus type 2 glycoproteins in patients receiving a glycoprotein subunit vaccine.serial serum specimens from 22 herpes simplex virus (hsv)-seronegative recipients of an hsv type 2 (hsv-2) glycoprotein subunit vaccine were analyzed by radioimmunoprecipitation and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for the development of antibodies to hsv-2 gb, gd, and g80, a complex of gc and ge. volunteers received 50 (n = 12) or 100 micrograms (n = 10) of vaccine at days 0, 28, and 140; sera were drawn weekly for 8 weeks and again at days 140, 147, and 365. among seronegative volunteers, an ...19852997470
evaluation of two rapid methods for the detection of herpes simplex virus antigen in patient specimens.an indirect immunofluorescent antibody procedure (ifa) for the detection and typing of herpes simplex virus (hsv) and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) procedure were compared with conventional viral culture. specimens for culture and elisa were inoculated into serum free viral transport medium (vtm) and, for ifa, onto slides provided in the kit. tissue cultures (mrc-5 and primary rabbit kidney) were inoculated and examined daily for cytopathogenic effect (cpe). the remaining vtm was ...19852998264
synthesis and processing of glycoprotein gg of herpes simplex virus type 2.monoclonal antibody 13 alpha c5-1-a11 immunoprecipitated two major polypeptides of molecular weights 108,000 and 120,000 from extracts of herpes simplex virus type 2-infected bhk-21 cells labeled with [35s]methionine or [3h]glucosamine. in pulse-chase experiments, both labels were chased from the 120,000-molecular-weight peptide (120k peptide) into the 108k molecule. endoglycosidase h (endo h) reduced the 120k peptide to a 112k peptide but did not affect the 108k peptide. similar profiles were o ...19852987534
delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol decreases host resistance to herpes simplex virus type 2 vaginal infection in the b6c3f1 mouse.the effect of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta-9-thc) on host resistance to herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) vaginal infection in the b6c3f1 mouse was determined. animals were given delta-9-thc or vehicle on days -1 to 2, or cyclophosphamide on day -1 or on days -1 to 2. hsv-2 was introduced intravaginally on day 0. host resistance to virus infection was assessed by comparing frequency and severity of lesions, virus shedding and mortalities. replicate groups of animals were bled on days 5, ...19852999306
synthetic glycoprotein d-related peptides protect mice against herpes simplex virus challenge.glycoprotein d (gd) of herpes simplex virus (hsv) protects mice from a lethal challenge by either hsv type 1 (hsv-1; oral) or hsv-2 (genital). we evaluated whether synthetic peptides representing residues 1 through 23 of gd (mature protein) can be used as a potential synthetic herpesvirus vaccine. the immunogenicity of the peptides was demonstrated by the biological reactivity of antipeptide sera in immunoprecipitation and neutralization assays. all sera which immunoprecipitated gd had neutraliz ...19852999419
the consensus sequence ygtgttyy located downstream from the aataaa signal is required for efficient formation of mrna 3' termini.our previous dna sequence comparisons of 3' terminal portions from equivalent herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and hsv-2 genes identified a conserved sequence (consensus ygtgttyy; y = pyrimidine) located approximately 30bp downstream from the aataaa signal. we report here that this signal is located downstream from 67% of the mammalian mrna 3' termini examined. using constructions with the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (cat) gene linked to an hsv 'terminator' fragment, we show ...19852987822
a modular system for the assay of transcription regulatory signals: the sequence taatgarat is required for herpes simplex virus immediate early gene activation.a modular system for assaying the activity of transcriptional regulatory signals based on herpes simplex virus (hsv) promoter and terminator sequences linked to the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) gene has been used to study activation of hsv immediate early (ie) gene expression. insertion of the sv40 72 base pair (bp) repeat increased mrna levels by 15-fold thus demonstrating the ability of the hsv ie promoter to respond to a heterologous enhancer. a fragment containing part o ...19852999706
prevalence of serum antibodies to herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2: application of an elisa technique to 100 cases of anogenital herpes.sera of 100 patients affected by anogenital herpes were tested by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) technique using partially purified antigens obtained by extraction from the nuclei of infected vero cells. herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) was isolated from the anogenital lesions of 17 patients and herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) from 83 patients. the relative proportions of antibody of the igg class to hsv-1 and hsv-2 were determined and their ratio (r) was calculated, except ...19852988144
synergistic effect of human leukocyte interferon and nonoxynol 9 against herpes simplex virus type 2.the nonionic surfactant nonoxynol 9 (np9), in combination with human alpha interferon, synergistically reduced the titer of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) in vitro. the degree of synergy was highest at an interferon concentration of 10(3) iu/ml and an np9 dilution of 1:1,500. we postulate that np9 inactivates extracellular hsv-2, whereas interferon inhibits hsv-2 replication at the intracellular level.19853000288
antiviral activity of 5-ethyl-2'-deoxyuridine against herpes simplex viruses in cell culture, mice, and guinea pigs.the susceptibility of 3 laboratory strains and 24 clinical isolates of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and type 2 (hsv-2) to 5-ethyl-2'-deoxyuridine was determined in plaque reduction assays in vero cells. the median effective doses were 8.6 and 7.8 microm, respectively. the drug was less potent than acyclovir and other related antiviral drugs, but it had a high therapeutic index against both hsv-1 and hsv-2. drug-resistant viruses were readily produced in cell culture. these variants were c ...19853000291
synthesis and antiherpetic activity of (s)-, (r)-, and (+/-)-9-[(2,3-dihydroxy-1-propoxy)methyl]guanine, linear isomers of 2'-nor-2'-deoxyguanosine.racemic 9-[(2,3-dihydroxy-1-propoxy)methyl]guanine [(+/-)-indg], a new analogue of acyclovir (acv) and a structural analogue of 2'-nor-2'-deoxyguanosine (2'ndg), was synthesized and found to inhibit the replication of herpes simplex virus types 1 (hsv-1) and 2 (hsv-2). subsequently, its optical isomers, (r)- and (s)-indg, were prepared from chiral intermediates. the chloromethyl ethers of 1,2-di-o-benzyl-d- and -l-glycerol were made and reacted with tris(trimethylsilyl)guanine to give the 9-alky ...19852989523
incidences of antibodies to hepatitis b, herpes simplex and cytomegalovirus in prostitutes.the 170 prostitutes registered by the local public health authority (165 female, 5 male; ages 17-61) were serologically investigated by elisa and cft for the presence of hepatitis b virus (hbv) markers (n = 170), anti-cmv (n = 118) and anti-hsv 2 antibodies (n = 117). 4.7% (1.2%) were found to be hbs- (hbe-)antigen carriers; 1.2% revealed an acute hepatitis b (seroconversion of anti-hbc or igm-anti-hbc highly positive); 17.1% presented a past and resolved hepatitis b (anti-hbs positive). these r ...19852990124
typing of herpes simplex virus isolates with monoclonal antibodies and by nucleic acid spot hybridization.fifty-one clinical isolates of herpes simplex virus (hsv) were typed by an enzyme immunoassay (eia) using mouse monoclonal antibodies, by dna spot hybridization, and by restriction enzyme analysis using restriction endonuclease eco ri. extracts of vero cells infected with the isolates were used for coating microtitre plates or denatured and spotted onto nitrocellulose filters. viral antigens passively adsorbed to microtitre plates were detected by an indirect eia using mouse monoclonal antibodie ...19853001118
analysis of the hsv-2 early ag-4 antigen.genital herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infections can be distinguished from present or past hsv-1 infections by an ag-4 antigen complement fixation assay. the assay which utilizes a 4 hour hsv-2 infected cell extract prepared at a multiplicity of infection (moi) of 1.0 pfu/cell, appears to consist of several viral proteins. studies using monoclonal antibodies, polyclonal rabbit hyperimmune serum, hsv-1 x hsv-2 intertypic recombinant viruses and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis suggest tha ...19852990385
oral acyclovir therapy of genital herpes simplex virus type 2 infections in guinea pigs.oral acyclovir was evaluated for its effectiveness in treating guinea pigs with primary herpes simplex virus type 2 infections. guinea pigs inoculated intravaginally with acyclovir-susceptible strains (for which 50% inhibitory concentrations of acyclovir in cell culture were found to be in the range of 0.15 to 1.2 micrograms/ml) and treated with 5.0 mg of acyclovir per ml in the drinking water beginning 48 h postinfection showed significant reductions in lesion severity. this dosage produced ser ...19852984984
synthesis and biological activities of 2-pyrimidinone nucleosides. 2. 5-halo-2-pyrimidinone 2'-deoxyribonucleosides.1-(2-deoxy-beta-d-ribofuranosyl)-5-bromo-2-pyrimidinone (brpdr) and 1-(2-deoxy-beta-d-ribofuranosyl)-5-iodo-2-pyrimidinone (ipdr) have been synthesized by condensation of the appropriate silylated bases 2a and 2b, respectively, with 3,5-bis-o-(p-chlorobenzoyl)-2-deoxy-alpha-d-ribofuranosyl chloride (8) in 1,2-dichloroethane, in the presence of sncl4, followed by separation of the anomeric blocked nucleosides via column chromatography and subsequent deprotection with methanolic ammonia. both brpd ...19852989522
immunologic characterization of herpes simplex virus type 2 antigens icp10 and icsp11/12.infected cell protein 10 (icp10) or antigen 4 (ag4) and infected cell-specific protein 11/12 (icsp11/12) have been suggested as specific antigenic markers for cervical carcinoma. experiments were designed to determine whether icp10 and icsp11/12 are distinct antigens and to determine the cellular localization of icp10. results indicate that an apparent 160 kdalton (kda) protein analyzed by 8.5% polyacrylamide gels (= 144 kda protein analyzed by 7.0% polyacrylamide gels) was detected in hsv-2-inf ...19852988230
retrieval of latent herpes simplex virus type 1 genetic information from murine trigeminal ganglia by superinfection with heterotypic virus in vivo.mice previously latently infected with the f strain of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) can be successfully colonized with a second virus strain if hsv-2 is introduced at the same peripheral site as hsv-1. on the other hand, hsv-1 strains seemed able mutually to exclude establishment of latency with each other. mice (3 months or 3 years after nasal infection) latently infected with hsv-1 were thus superinfected with hsv-2. the mice were sacrificed 2 days post-infection when hsv-2 replication ...19852991439
problems associated with the use of (e)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine for typing herpes simplex virus.when 0.5 microgram of (e)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (bvdu) per ml was incorporated directly into cell culture medium inoculated with eight known positive specimens, one herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) isolate grew in the presence of bvdu and was misidentified. by plaque assay, the titers of 15 hsv-1 strains were reduced by more than 3 log10 by bvdu, and the titers of 16 hsv-2 strains were reduced by less than 2 log10. titers of hsv-1 acyclovir-resistant strains were reduced by less th ...19852984249
[inhibition of virus multiplication by immunoactive peptides].in the present study we show that peritoneal macrophages obtained from the mice treated with the immunoactive peptides inhibit the multiplication of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and type 2 (hsv-2), but not that of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv), and that the intraperitoneal administration of the peptides suppresses the infection with hsv-1 in mice.19853002570
thymidine kinase-deficient herpes simplex virus type 2 genital infection in guinea pigs.in guinea pigs, thymidine kinase-producing strains of herpes simplex virus type 2 replicated to high titer in the vagina and spinal cord, and animals developed severe clinical disease. infection with thymidine kinase-deficient virus resulted in similar vaginal virus titers; however, animals exhibited little or no clinical illness and only low titers of virus were detected in spinal cord homogenate cultures. neural and extraneural latent infection as well as recurrent infection were noted in anim ...19852991558
drug-resistant mutants of herpes simplex virus type 2 with a mutator or antimutator phenotype. 19852991710
metabolism of the carbocyclic analogue of (e)-5-(2-iodovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine in herpes simplex virus-infected cells. incorporation of c-ivdu into dna.the carbocyclic analogues of (e)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (bvdu) and (e)-5-(2-iodovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (ivdu), in which the sugar moiety is replaced by a cyclopentane ring and which have been designated as c-bvdu and c-ivdu, respectively, are, like their parent compounds bvdu and ivdu, potent and selective inhibitors of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and, to a lesser extent, herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) replication. we have now synthesized the radiolabeled c-ivdu analogue, ...19852993282
recurrent genital herpes simplex virus infection in guinea pigs.after recovery from initial genital herpes simplex virus (hsv) infections, female guinea pigs developed spontaneous recurrent infections characterized by discrete erythematous or vesicular herpetic lesions on the external genital skin. hsv type 2 (hsv2) caused significantly more recurrent infections in guinea pigs than did hsv type 1 (hsv1). hsv2-infected animals demonstrated a significant decline in frequency of recurrences over time. the viral nature of the recurrent lesions was confirmed by r ...19853000982
the cervical tumor-associated antigen (icp-10/ag-4) is encoded by the transforming region of the genome of herpes simplex virus type 2.bglii fragment c mapping between 0.416 and 0.580 map units (mu) on the herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) genome was used for in vitro translation to identify proteins encoded on this fragment. rna homologous to the bglii c fragment directs the synthesis of three proteins with approximate molecular weights of 144,000, 52,000 and 27,000. the 27,000 dalton protein is encoded by sequences within the ecori/hindiii ae fragment (0.419-0.525 mu) that overlap the immortalizing sequences within bglii c. ...19853001010
detection of herpes simplex virus type 2-specific antibody with glycoprotein g.a recently described herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 2 (hsv-2)-specific glycoprotein (gg-2) was purified on an immunoaffinity column prepared with monoclonal antibody. this purified antigen was used in an immunodot enzymatic assay on nitrocellulose paper for the detection of hsv-2 antibodies in human serum. the test was very sensitive in that hsv-2 antibodies were detected in the convalescent sera of 132 of 134 patients with recurrent genital infections in which hsv-2 had been isolated earlier. ...19853001136
multistep transformation by defined fragments of herpes simplex virus type 2 dna: oncogenic region and its gene product.diploid syrian hamster embryo cells transfected with bgl ii c fragment of herpes simplex virus type 2 dna acquired a neoplastic phenotype. cultures transfected with its left-hand 64% subclone ecori/hindiii fragment ae (0.419-0.525 map unit) grew into established but nontumorigenic lines. transfection of ecori/hindiii ae-immortalized cells with a 4.4-kilobase sac i/bamhi subfragment within bamhi e (0.554-0.584 map unit; overlaps the right-hand 16% of bgl ii c) converted them to tumorigenicity. th ...19853001705
evidence for a direct role for both the 175,000- and 110,000-molecular-weight immediate-early proteins of herpes simplex virus in the transactivation of delayed-early promoters.we reconstructed the regulated induction of delayed-early (de) transcription that occurs during herpes simplex virus (hsv) infection by using a transient expression system in which recombinant target genes were cotransfected into vero cells together with intact activating genes. plasmids containing cloned hsv-1 or hsv-2 immediate-early (ie) genes stimulated by up to 100-fold the expression from recombinant constructs containing the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) gene under the ...19852983086
the effect of triterpenoid compounds on uninfected and herpes simplex virus-infected cells in culture. i. effect on cell growth, virus particles and virus replication.the related triterpenoid compounds carbenoxolone sodium (cbx) and cicloxolone sodium (ccx) have been investigated in clinical trials for treatment of herpes simplex virus (hsv) infections. when the drugs were tested in vitro, two dose-related effects on bhk cells became apparent: the rate of cell growth was reduced and the drugs exhibited cytotoxicity at high concentrations. flow 2002 cells, in contrast, were apparently unaffected by all drug concentrations tested. the effect of up to 3 days inc ...19852991440
lack of oral hsv-2 in a college student population.a population of individuals with a high incidence of genital herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1), due most likely to oro-genital contact, was examined to determine the incidence of oral herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infection. herpes simplex virus was isolated from the oral cavity of 43 college students whose symptoms ranged from singular lesions of the lips with minimal discomfort to severe oral disease with systemic involvement resulting in lymphadenopathy, chills, sweat, myalgia, and fe ...19852993498
acyclovir prophylaxis in bone marrow transplant recipients.forty-two patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation were included in a randomised, double-blind and placebo controlled trial of prolonged acyclovir prophylaxis against infections with viruses of the herpes group. twenty patients were allocated to receive acyclovir and 22 to receive placebo. acyclovir or placebo was administered i.v. at a dose of 250 mg/m2 twice daily, starting 5 days before transplantation. at 5 weeks after transplantation, administration was changed to tablets, 400 mg thr ...19853006228
virological aspects on herpesvirus infections.the family herpesviridae include five important human pathogens, herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (hsv-1, hsv-2), varicella-zoster virus (vzv) and cytomegalovirus (cmv). the five viruses are represented in all three herpesvirus subfamilies, a subdivision based on differences in phenotypic properties such as length of replication cycle, cytotoxic properties and host cell range. the herpesviruses have dna genomes sharing characteristic anatomical features. they replicate in the nuclei of eukaryo ...19853006235
[demonstration of latent infection by herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) in the spinal cord of the guinea pig]. 19853008964
[inhibitory effect of tai-ding-an on dna and protein synthesis of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2)]. 19853008965
synthesis and antiherpes simplex virus activity of 9-[(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propylthio)methyl]guanine.the synthesis of the thio analogue (thio-dhpg, 2) of 9-[(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxy)methyl]guanine (dhpg, 1) is described. the synthesis of 2 proceeded via the condensation of acetoxymethyl sulfide 9 with diacetylguanine 10 to give the protected nucleoside analogue 11. although catalytic hydrogenolysis failed, the benzyl ether functionalities of 11 were successfully cleaved by an acetolysis reaction to furnish 14. ammonolysis of 14 gave 2, which was also transformed to sulfoxide 15 and sulfone 16. ...19852993615
application of antibody to synthetic peptides for characterization of the intact and truncated alpha 22 protein specified by herpes simplex virus 1 and the r325 alpha 22- deletion mutant.the alpha 22 protein is one of five proteins synthesized immediately after infection of permissive cells with herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 (hsv-1 and hsv-2). on the basis of the reported nucleotide sequence of the hsv-1 gene, we synthesized two peptides containing the predicted amino acids 12 through 23 (12 residues) and 21 through 36 (16 residues) in two hydrophilic domains near the n terminus of the protein. rabbit antisera made against these peptides were then used to characterize the alpha 2 ...19852993651
risk of recurrence after treatment of first-episode genital herpes with intravenous acyclovir.to determine whether intravenous acyclovir treatment for a first episode of genital herpes could prevent or reduce subsequent recurrences, we combined and analyzed the results of two independently conducted, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies. sixty-one patients were enrolled in the two trials; 30 received the drug, and 31 received placebo. at entry the demographic, epidemiologic, and clinical features of acyclovir- and placebo-treated patients from the two centers showed no si ...19853001952
virion component of herpes simplex virus type 1 kos interferes with early shutoff of host protein synthesis induced by herpes simplex virus type 2 186.herpes simplex virus (hsv) strains hsv type 1 (hsv-1) kos and hsv-2 186 are representative of delayed and early shutoff strains, respectively, with regard to their ability to inhibit protein synthesis in friend erythroleukemia cells. when these cells were simultaneously infected with hsv-1 kos and hsv-2 186, hsv-1 kos interfered with the rapid suppression of globin synthesis induced by hsv-2 186. the observed interference was competitive and not due to exclusion of hsv-2 by hsv-1 at the level of ...19852993660
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