| studies on tanapox virus. | virus characterization studies were performed to meliorate the taxonomic status of three currently unclassified, serologically related viruses: tanapox virus (causes vesicular skin lesions in humans), yaba-like disease (yld) virus (causes vesicular skin lesions in monkeys), and yaba monkey tumor virus (ymtv, causes epidermal histiocytoma). these studies included (1) microscopic observations of tanapox virus cytopathic effect and morphogenesis during its 6-day cytolytic-type growth at 35 degrees ... | 1989 | 2773312 |
| multiple anti-cytokine activities secreted from tanapox virus-infected cells. | tanapox virus (tpv) produces a mild disease in humans characterized by transient fever, one or more nodular skin lesions and regional lymphadenopathy. we demonstrate that tpv-infected cells, but not mock-infected cells, secrete an early 38 kda glycopeptide that, unlike any other known protein, binds to human (h) interferon-gamma, hil-2 and hil-5. in concomitant experiments this polypeptide failed to bind to hil-1 alpha, hil-3, hil-4, hil-6, hil-7, hil-8 or hil-10. inhibition of hil-2 and hil-5 b ... | 1994 | 7723661 |
| selective inhibition of tnf-alpha induced cell adhesion molecule gene expression by tanapox virus. | poxviruses encode virulence factors that have been identified as proteins that are secreted from infected host cells. some of these secretory proteins impede host immune defences. we have previously demonstrated that tanapox virus (tpv) infected cells secrete an early 38 kda glycopeptide that binds to human (h) interferon-gamma, hil-2, and hil-5. we now show an additional activity in the supernatant from tpv infected cells that down-regulates the expression of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-a ... | 1998 | 9705247 |
| the replication cycle of tanapox virus in owl monkey kidney cells. | the growth kinetics of tanapox virus in owl monkey kidney cells was elucidated by single-step growth curves at multiplicities of 10, 1.0, and 0.1 plaque forming units (pfu) per cell at 37 and 33 degrees c. virus replicated equally well at both temperatures and produced a cytopathic effect that was characterized by densely packed rounded cells with retrogressed monolayer and granular vacuolated cytoplasm. single-step growth curves revealed that the eclipse period varied from 24 h postinfection (h ... | 1999 | 10349725 |
| an overview of poxviruses. | the poxvirus family is a diverse and interesting group of viruses that affect both humans and animals. poxviruses are epitheliotropic and therefore are of interest to the dermatologist. the genera of poxviruses known to affect humans are orthopoxvirus, parapoxvirus, molluscipoxvirus, and yatapoxvirus. the different poxviruses are reviewed, including their history, incidence, clinical presentation, and treatment. | 2001 | 11148468 |
| the genome sequence of yaba-like disease virus, a yatapoxvirus. | the genome sequence of yaba-like disease virus (yldv), an unclassified member of the yatapoxvirus genus, has been determined. excluding the terminal hairpin loops, the yldv genome is 144,575 bp in length and contains inverted terminal repeats (itrs) of 1883 bp. within 20 nucleotides of the termini, there is a sequence that is conserved in other poxviruses and is required for the resolution of concatemeric replicative dna intermediates. the nucleotide composition of the genome is 73% a+t, but the ... | 2001 | 11277691 |
| genome of lumpy skin disease virus. | lumpy skin disease virus (lsdv), a member of the capripoxvirus genus of the poxviridae, is the etiologic agent of an important disease of cattle in africa. here we report the genomic sequence of lsdv. the 151-kbp lsdv genome consists of a central coding region bounded by identical 2.4 kbp-inverted terminal repeats and contains 156 putative genes. comparison of lsdv with chordopoxviruses of other genera reveals 146 conserved genes which encode proteins involved in transcription and mrna biogenesi ... | 2001 | 11435593 |
| the genome of swinepox virus. | swinepox virus (swpv), the sole member of the suipoxvirus genus of the poxviridae, is the etiologic agent of a worldwide disease specific for swine. here we report the genomic sequence of swpv. the 146-kbp swpv genome consists of a central coding region bounded by identical 3.7-kbp inverted terminal repeats and contains 150 putative genes. comparison of swpv with chordopoxviruses reveals 146 conserved genes encoding proteins involved in basic replicative functions, viral virulence, host range, a ... | 2002 | 11752168 |
| tanapox: first report in a european traveller and identification by pcr. | tanapox is a rare pox disease endemic in east africa. we report the first case of tanapox in a european traveller who contracted the disease in 1999 during a short visit to tanzania. the diagnosis was made on clinical grounds and confirmed by electron microscopy and a tanapox virus-specific pcr assay. | 2002 | 12055809 |
| a secreted high-affinity inhibitor of human tnf from tanapox virus. | a class of secreted poxvirus tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-binding proteins has been isolated from tanapox-infected cell supernatants. the inhibitor bound to a tnf-affinity column and was identified as the product of the 2l gene. sequence analysis of 2l family members from other yatapoxviruses and swinepox virus yielded no sequence homology to any known cellular gene. the expressed tanapox virus 2l protein bound to human tnf with high affinity (k(d) = 43 pm) and exhibits an unusually slow off-rate ... | 2003 | 12676996 |
| complete genomic sequence and comparative analysis of the tumorigenic poxvirus yaba monkey tumor virus. | the yatapoxvirus genus of poxviruses is comprised of yaba monkey tumor virus (ymtv), tanapox virus, and yaba-like disease virus (yldv), which all have the ability to infect primates, including humans. unlike other poxviruses, ymtv induces formation of focalized histiocytomas upon infection. to gain a greater understanding of the yatapoxvirus genus and the unique tumor formation properties of ymtv, we sequenced the 134,721-bp genome of ymtv. the genome of ymtv encodes at least 140 open reading fr ... | 2003 | 14645589 |
| yaba-like disease virus protein 7l is a cell-surface receptor for chemokine ccl1. | yaba-like disease virus (yldv) genes 7l and 145r are located on opposite ends of the genome and are predicted to encode 7-transmembrane proteins (7-tm) that share 53 and 44 % amino acid identity, respectively, to human cc chemokine receptor 8 (hccr8). in this report, we demonstrate that early after infection with yldv, cells acquire the ability to bind human ccl1. by expression of genes 7l and 145r in vaccinia virus, we demonstrated that each protein is glycosylated and is exposed on the cell su ... | 2003 | 14645913 |
| tanapox virus infection. | | 2002 | 14673345 |
| poxvirus genomes: a phylogenetic analysis. | the evolutionary relationships of 26 sequenced members of the poxvirus family have been investigated by comparing their genome organization and gene content and by using dna and protein sequences for phylogenetic analyses. the central region of the genome of chordopoxviruses (chpvs) is highly conserved in gene content and arrangement, except for some gene inversions in fowlpox virus (fpv) and species-specific gene insertions in fpv and molluscum contagiosum virus (mcv). in the central region 90 ... | 2004 | 14718625 |
| poxvirus zoonoses--putting pocks into context. | | 2004 | 14736922 |
| tanapox infection in a college student. | | 2004 | 14736928 |
| zoonotic poxvirus infections in humans. | the 2003 usa monkeypox epidemic caused by imported african rodents, newly emergent poxvirus zoonoses in brazil and the possible use of variola virus for biological warfare has led to renewed interest in poxviruses and anti-poxviral therapies. increasing foreign travel and importation of exotic animal species increases the likelihood of poxvirus infections occurring outside their usual geographical range and diagnostic delay has important implications. the present review provides an overview of t ... | 2004 | 15021045 |
| yaba-like disease virus protein y144r, a member of the complement control protein family, is present on enveloped virions that are associated with virus-induced actin tails. | yaba-like disease virus (yldv) is a yatapoxvirus, a group of slow-growing poxviruses from primates. analysis of the growth cycle of yldv in tissue culture showed that maximum virus titres were reached 3 days post-infection and at this time only 3.3 % of infectious progeny was extracellular. the intracellular and extracellular virions have different buoyant densities and are separable on cscl density gradients. they are also distinguishable by electron microscopy with the extracellular virions ha ... | 2004 | 15105545 |
| a poxvirus protein forms a complex with left-handed z-dna: crystal structure of a yatapoxvirus zalpha bound to dna. | a conserved feature of poxviruses is a protein, well characterized as e3l in vaccinia virus, that confers ifn resistance on the virus. this protein comprises two domains, an n-terminal z-dna-binding protein domain (zalpha) and a c-terminal double-stranded rna-binding domain. both are required for pathogenicity of vaccinia virus in mice infected by intracranial injection. here, we describe the crystal structure of the zalpha domain from the e3l-like protein of yaba-like disease virus, a yatapoxvi ... | 2004 | 15448208 |
| real-time pcr assay for the detection of tanapox virus and yaba-like disease virus. | the yatapoxvirus genus contains three members: tanapox virus (tpv), yaba-like disease virus (yldv) and yaba monkey tumor virus (ymtv), two of which (tpv and yldv) may infect humans. however, only a very small number of patients have been diagnosed with tpv outside africa. given the increased international travel and the similarity of clinical signs during the early stages of a tpv/yldv infection as compared to diseases caused by agents of potential biological warfare, such as smallpox, monkeypox ... | 2005 | 16054706 |
| yaba-like disease virus chemokine receptor 7l, a ccr8 orthologue. | yaba-like disease virus (yldv) gene 7l encodes a seven-transmembrane g protein-coupled receptor with 53 % amino acid identity to human cc chemokine receptor 8 (ccr8). initial characterization of 7l showed that this 56 kda cell-surface glycoprotein binds human ccl1 with high affinity (kd=0.6 nm) and induces signal transduction by activation of heterotrimeric g proteins and downstream protein kinases. further characterization of yldv 7l is presented here and shows that murine cc chemokines can ind ... | 2006 | 16528029 |
| optimization of codon usage of poxvirus genes allows for improved transient expression in mammalian cells. | transient expression of viral genes from certain poxviruses in uninfected mammalian cells can sometimes be unexpectedly inefficient. the reasons for poor expression levels can be due to a number of features of the gene cassette, such as cryptic splice sites, polymerase ii termination sequences or motifs that lead to mrna instability. here we suggest that in some cases the problem of low protein expression in transfected mammalian cells may be due to inefficient codon usage. we have observed that ... | 2006 | 16791414 |
| inhibition of type i and type iii interferons by a secreted glycoprotein from yaba-like disease virus. | type i (ifn-alpha/beta) and type iii (ifn-lambdas) ifns are important components of the host antiviral response. although type iii ifns possess intrinsic antiviral activity similar to that of type i ifns, they signal through a specific unique receptor complex, and their functional importance for antiviral resistance is largely uncharacterized. here, we report the first virus defense mechanism that directly targets type iii ifns. y136 from yaba-like disease virus, a yatapoxvirus, is a secreted gl ... | 2007 | 17517620 |
| comparative genetic analysis of genomic dna sequences of two human isolates of tanapox virus. | members of the genus yatapoxvirus, which include tanapox virus (tpv) and yaba monkey tumor virus, infect primates including humans. two strains of tpv isolated 50 years apart from patients infected from the equatorial region of africa have been sequenced. the original isolate from a human case in the tana river valley, kenya, in 1957 (tpv-kenya) and an isolate from an infected traveler in the republic of congo in 2004 (tpv-roc). although isolated 50 years apart the genomes were highly conserved. ... | 2007 | 17574698 |
| tropism of tanapox virus infection in primary human cells. | tanapox virus (tpv) belongs to the genus yatapoxvirus and causes a relatively benign zoonotic disease in man, with symptoms that resemble a mild version of human monkeypox. in order to investigate the underlying mechanisms of tpv pathogenesis, the tropism and replication characteristics of tpv were examined in a variety of primary human cells. a gfp expressing tpv (tpv-gfp) was constructed and used to infect primary human dermal fibroblasts (phdfs) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs), ... | 2007 | 17632198 |
| the addition of tumor necrosis factor plus beta interferon induces a novel synergistic antiviral state against poxviruses in primary human fibroblasts. | tumor necrosis factor (tnf) and members of the interferon (ifn) family have been shown to independently inhibit the replication of a variety of viruses. in addition, previous reports have shown that treatment with various combinations of these antiviral cytokines induces a synergistic antiviral state that can be significantly more potent than addition of any of these cytokines alone. the mechanism of this cytokine synergy and its effects on global gene expression, however, are not well character ... | 2009 | 18971273 |
| interaction of human tnf and beta2-microglobulin with tanapox virus-encoded tnf inhibitor, tpv-2l. | tanapox virus (tpv) encodes and expresses a secreted tnf-binding protein, tpv-2l or gp38, that displays inhibitory properties against tnf from diverse mammalian species, including human, monkey, canine and rabbit. tpv-2l also has sequence similarity with the mhc-class i heavy chain and interacts differently with human tnf as compared to the known cellular tnf receptors or any of the known virus-encoded tnf receptor homologs derived from many poxviruses. in order to determine the tnf binding regi ... | 2009 | 19232662 |
| nck- and n-wasp-dependent actin-based motility is conserved in divergent vertebrate poxviruses. | vaccinia virus enhances its cell-to-cell spread by stimulating actin polymerization via src- and abl-mediated phosphorylation of the highly conserved orthopoxvirus protein a36. the yatapoxvirus, yaba-like disease virus (yldv), also induces actin polymerization, although it lacks an obvious a36 ortholog. we found that the yldv protein yl126 can functionally replace a36 to promote nck- and n-wasp-dependent actin polymerization. at least five phosphorylated tyrosines in yl126, rather than a single ... | 2009 | 20006842 |
| differential susceptibility of human cancer cell lines to wild-type tanapoxvirus infection. | tanapoxvirus (tpv) is a member of the genus yatapoxvirus in the family poxviridae and is endemic to equatorial africa. this disease is restricted to human and non-human primates, producing a mild febrile illness characterized by a single or more rarely additional pock-like lesions on the extremities. while there are several studies elucidating the replication cycle and host range of tpv, there is currently no standardized investigation comparing the ability of tpv to successfully replicate in a ... | 2010 | 20461227 |
| nmr study of hydrogen exchange during the b-z transition of a dna duplex induced by the zα domains of yatapoxvirus e3l. | the yaba-like disease viruses (yldv) are members of the yatapoxvirus family and have double-stranded dna genomes. the e3l protein, which is essential for pathogenesis in the vaccinia virus, consists of two domains: an n-terminal z-dna binding domain and a c-terminal rna binding domain. the crystal structure of the e3l orthologue of yldv (yabzα(e3l)) bound to z-dna revealed that the overall structure of yabzα(e3l) and its interaction with z-dna are very similar to those of hzα(adar1). here we hav ... | 2010 | 20937275 |
| molecular dating in the evolution of vertebrate poxviruses. | objectives: the goal of this work was to study the evolutionary history of the vertebrate poxviruses using the bayesian relaxed clock and a large set of highly conserved vitally important viral genes. methods: phylogenetic analysis was performed by the maximum likelihood method using the paup program. the dating method of bayes, realized in the multidivtime, was made. results: the rate of poxviral evolution is estimated as 0.5-7 × 10(-6) nucleotide substitutions per site per year. we inferred th ... | 2011 | 21228539 |
| genus specific evolution of codon usage and nucleotide compositional traits of poxviruses. | poxviruses are complex in their nucleotide compositional features of the coding regions. the codon usages in poxviruses are in accordance with their compositional bias. in the poxviridae family, codon usage patterns and nucleotide compositional traits are widely divergent across species but some conservation was observed within a genus. viruses from six chordopox genera, i.e., avipoxvirus, capripoxvirus, cervidpoxvirus, orthopoxvirus, suipoxvirus, yatapoxvirus, and one entomopox genus- betaentom ... | 2011 | 21369827 |
| phylogenetic analysis of the large family of poxvirus ankyrin-repeat proteins reveals ortholog groups within and across chordopoxvirus genera. | ankyrin-repeat (ank) protein-interaction domains are common in cellular proteins but are rare in viruses. chordopoxviruses, however, encode a large number of ank domain-containing open reading frames (orfs) of largely unknown function. recently, a second protein-interaction domain, an f-box-like motif, was identified in several poxvirus ank proteins. cellular f-box proteins recruit substrates to the ubiquitination machinery of the cell, a putative function for ank/poxviral f-box proteins. using ... | 2011 | 21752962 |