| bidirectional interactions between human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and cytomegalovirus. | interactions between human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1), the etiologic agent of aids, and human cytomegalovirus (cmv), a frequent opportunistic agent in aids, were studied in vitro. coinfection of h9 cells with hiv-1 enhances productive cmv infection, as measured by immunofluorescence using monoclonal antibodies to late cmv proteins, slot-blot hybridization for cmv dna, and cytopathic effects of cmv on human embryonic lung cells. experiments using vaccinia virus recombinants and jurkat ... | 1988 | 2830343 |
| betalactam antibiotics interfere with eukaryotic dna-replication by inhibiting dna polymerase alpha. | betalactam antibiotics (bla) are the most widely used antibacterial drugs in practical medicine. recent experiments suggested that bla, especially after "aging" in aqueous solutions, have an inhibitory effect on the growth of a variety of cultured human cells by interfering with dna synthesis (neftel et al. cell biol. toxicol. 2, 513-521, 1986). our initial observation that the replicative dna polymerase alpha might be the target of the action of betalactam compounds (hübscher et al. cell biol t ... | 1987 | 2827125 |
| in vitro synthesis of vaccinia virus late mrna containing a 5' poly(a) leader sequence. | we have shown that an extract made from hela cells harvested 6 hr after infection with vaccinia virus can transcribe a duplex dna template containing a late viral gene. s1 nuclease analyses using genomic and synthetic probes indicated that the 5' ends of rna synthesized in vitro are similar to those of rna made in vivo and contain 5' poly(a) sequences contiguous with the translation initiation codon. kinetic analysis of rna synthesized in vitro demonstrated that a correctly initiated and 5' poly ... | 1987 | 2827158 |
| vaccinia virus as an expression vector. | | 1987 | 2828850 |
| identification and expression of a human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein with homology to the epstein-barr virus bxlf2 product, varicella-zoster virus gpiii, and herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein h. | an open reading frame with the characteristics of a glycoprotein-coding sequence was identified by nucleotide sequencing of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) genomic dna. the predicted amino acid sequence was homologous with glycoprotein h of herpes simplex virus type 1 and the homologous protein of epstein-barr virus (bxlf2 gene product) and varicella-zoster virus (gpiii). recombinant vaccinia viruses that expressed this gene were constructed. a glycoprotein of approximately 86 kilodaltons was immun ... | 1988 | 2831402 |
| use of the gene encoding neomycin phosphotransferase ii to convect linked markers into the vaccinia virus genome. | | 1988 | 2831509 |
| transcription and translation mapping of the 13 genes in the vaccinia virus hindiii d fragment. | the vaccinia virus hindiii d fragment is 160,060 bp in length and encodes 13 complete open reading frames [niles et al. (1986) virology 153, 96-112; s. l. weinrich and d. e. hruby (1986). nucleic acids res. 14, 3003-3016]. we have employed a two-step northern hybridization protocol using single-stranded dna probes from m13 recombinants in order to identify the mrna products from the 13 genes. six of these genes are expressed only at early times after infection; six are transcribed only at late t ... | 1988 | 2831665 |
| structure of the transcription initiation and termination sequences of seven early genes in the vaccinia virus hindiii d fragment. | the vaccinia virus hindiii d fragment is 16,060 bp in length and encodes 13 complete genes [e.g. niles et al. (1986). virology 153, 96-112; s. l. weinrich and d. e. hruby (1986). nucleic acids res. 14, 3003-3016]. six of these genes are expressed only at early times after infection and one gene is expressed at both early and late times [g. -j. lee-chen and e. g. niles (1988). virology 163, 52-63]. transcript mapping by s1 nuclease protection studies was carried out and compared to the results of ... | 1988 | 2831666 |
| map positions of the 5' ends of eight mrnas synthesized from the late genes in the vaccinia virus hindiii d fragment. | the map positions of the 5' ends of eight late mrnas from the vaccinia virus hindiii d fragment were determined by a combination of s1 nuclease-protection studies and by primer extension analysis. for genes d2, d8, d10, and d11, a single set of 5' ends can be observed by s1 nuclease analysis which maps just upstream from the translation start site for each gene. for genes d3, d6, and d11a the situation is more complex. in addition to the atg proximal family of protected dna fragments, multiple l ... | 1988 | 2831667 |
| molecular analysis of herpesviral gene products recognized by protective cytolytic t lymphocytes. | the infection of the mouse with murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) served as a model system to understand the biology of human cmv infection. the contribution of cytolytic t lymphocytes (ctl) to the recovery from infection was studied. protection against lethal mcmv disease could be conferred on immunodepleted hosts by adoptive transfer of lymphocytes. the antiviral effect was mediated by specifically sensitized t lymphocytes of the cd8+ subset. these cells limited viral spread, prevented tissue dest ... | 1987 | 2832318 |
| influence of progesterone on orthopox viruses in vitro and in vivo. | | 1987 | 2830750 |
| immunization with vaccinia virus recombinants that express the surface glycoproteins of human parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv3) protects patas monkeys against piv3 infection. | patas monkeys (eryphrocebus patas) were immunized intradermally with two vaccinia virus recombinants that individually express the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycoprotein or the fusion glycoprotein of human parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv3). these immunizations induced a high titer of piv3 serum-neutralizing antibodies. at 1 month after immunization, monkeys were challenged intratracheally with piv3. subsequent virus replication was reduced in these monkeys by 3.2 log10 and 1.9 log10 (mean peak ... | 1988 | 2831389 |
| a cowpox virus gene required for multiplication in chinese hamster ovary cells. | cowpox virus, in contrast to vaccinia virus, can multiply in chinese hamster ovary cells. to study the genetic basis for this difference in host range, recombinants between vaccinia and cowpox viruses were isolated and their dna restriction patterns were examined. the ability to multiply in chinese hamster ovary cells could be correlated with the conservation of cowpox virus sequences mapping at the left end of the genome. this was further demonstrated by marker rescue of the host range phenotyp ... | 1988 | 2831390 |
| factor-dependent transcription termination by vaccinia virus rna polymerase. evidence that the cis-acting termination signal is in nascent rna. | transcription termination in vitro by vaccinia rna polymerase is dependent on a trans-acting factor, vtf, that is associated with, if not identical to, the vaccinia mrna capping enzyme. vtf-induced termination occurs approximately 50 nucleotides downstream of a signal sequence tttttnt in the non-transcribed templated strand; thus the cognate sequence uuuuunu is expressed in the nascent rna. to address the role of the nascent rna in chain termination, the effects of nucleotide base analog substit ... | 1988 | 2834368 |
| the herpes simplex virus type 1 us7 gene product is a 66k glycoprotein and is a target for complement-dependent virus neutralization. | the us7 open reading frame of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1), previously identified by nucleotide sequencing, has been expressed in a recombinant vaccinia virus (us7-vac). antiserum raised against hsv-1 reacted with a 66k glycoprotein in us7-vac-infected cells and this polypeptide was present on both nuclear and cell surface membranes. in the presence of tunicamycin the protein was reduced in size to 58k showing it contained n-linked sugar residues. antisera from animals vaccinated with us7 ... | 1988 | 2833569 |
| immunization with a vaccinia virus recombinant expressing herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein d: long-term protection and effect of revaccination. | previously we showed that mice immunized with a vaccinia virus vector expressing the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) glycoprotein d (gd) gene (vaccinia/gd) were protected against both lethal and latent infections with hsv-1 for at least 6 weeks after immunization (k. j. cremer, m. mackett, c. wohlenberg, a. l. notkins, and b. moss, science 228:737-740, 1985). in the experiments described here, we examined long-term immunity to hsv following vaccinia/gd vaccination, the effect of revaccinatio ... | 1988 | 2833606 |
| a nonstructural viral protein expressed by a recombinant vaccinia virus protects against lethal cytomegalovirus infection. | the nonstructural immediate-early protein pp89 of murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) is the first viral protein synthesized after infection and has a regulatory function in viral gene expression. despite its localization in the nucleus of infected cells, pp89 is also the dominant antigen recognized by mcmv-specific cytolytic t lymphocytes. the recombinant vaccinia virus mcmv-iei-vac, which expresses pp89, was used to study the capacity of this protein to induce protective immunity in balb/c mice. vac ... | 1988 | 2833615 |
| expression of the spleen focus-forming virus envelope gene in a polarized epithelial cell line. | friend spleen focus-forming virus (f-sffv) encodes a glycoprotein designated gp52, which is defective in its intracellular transport and accumulates in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. only 3-5% of the mature form of gp52 eventually reaches the cell surface. compared to transport-competent murine leukemia virus (mulv) glycoproteins, the gp52 molecule exhibits several structural differences which may have resulted in the possible loss of signals required for transport to the cell surface. to dete ... | 1988 | 2835865 |
| reovirus type 3 synthesizes proteins in interferon-treated hela cells without reversing the antiviral state. | treatment of hela cells with human lymphoblastoid interferon (ifn-alpha) does not inhibit reovirus type 3 protein synthesis during virus infection. in contrast, reovirus translation is blocked by treatment of l cells with mouse ifn-alpha. the (2'-5')a synthetase activity is induced in hela cells by ifn-alpha treatment and is activated after reovirus infection, since cell lysates from these cells synthesize in vitro (2'-5')a oligonucleotides. the ifn-induced protein kinase activity is also trigge ... | 1988 | 2835860 |
| use of vaccinia virus vectors to study the synthesis, intracellular localization, and action of the human immunodeficiency virus trans-activator protein. | a recombinant vaccinia virus that expresses the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) trans-activator (tat) gene was constructed. the tat polypeptide migrated anomalously with an apparent molecular mass of 14 kda on a sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel and reacted with polyclonal anti-tat serum. the tat protein was localized predominantly in the cell nucleus despite the absence of other hiv proteins or intranuclear hiv dna. additional recombinant vaccinia viruses that contain the escherichia ... | 1988 | 2835862 |
| sequence and transcriptional analysis of the vaccinia virus hindiii i fragment. | the complete sequence of the vaccinia virus hindiii i fragment, which is composed of 6,498 base pairs, encodes six complete and two incomplete open reading frames (orfs). computer analysis revealed an amino acid sequence homology between orf i 4 and the large subunit of the ribonucleotide reductase complex. the two small polypeptides derived from orfs i 2 and i 5, with molecular weights of 8,500 and 8,700, respectively, have a very high hydrophobic amino acid sequence composition. s1 analysis re ... | 1988 | 2835495 |
| sequence analysis of an 11.2 kilobase, near-terminal, bamhi fragment of fowlpox virus. | the nucleotide sequence of an 11.2 kilobase fragment of the fowlpox virus genome is presented. the fragment comes from near one end of the genome and contains part of the terminal inverted repeat. twenty open reading frames (orfs) are predicted from the sequence and are classified into 13 major and seven minor orfs. the 100 base pairs immediately upstream of each orf are up to 83% at-rich, with some motifs similar to those seen in vaccinia virus early gene promoters. the tttttnt element which ha ... | 1988 | 2836548 |
| vaccinia virus poly(a) polymerase. specificity for nucleotides and nucleotide analogs. | we have studied the nucleotide specificity of vaccinia virus poly(a) polymerase using a novel primer extension assay. oligoribonucleotide primers labeled at the 5' end with 32p were elongated by the enzyme in the presence of atp, leading to the 3' addition of greater than 1000 adenylate residues/primer molecule. in the presence of utp, the enzyme catalyzed 3' polymerization of long poly(u) tails, albeit at a reduced rate of chain growth. in the presence of both atp and utp, 3' addition was selec ... | 1988 | 2836422 |
| virulence genes of poxviruses and reoviruses. | identification of viral genes that specify virulence, however defined, is of critical importance for the design of viral vaccines. in particular, the targeted development not only of avirulent vaccine strains but also of viruses to be used as carriers for foreign genes depends on the inactivation or deletion of genes that harm the host. this paper illustrates approaches to identifying viral pathogenesis genes in two model systems involving cowpox virus and reovirus, respectively. | 1988 | 2838983 |
| dna-dependent atpase activity associated with vaccinia virus early transcription factor. | vaccinia virus early transcription factor (vetf) is required for efficient expression of the early class of viral genes in vitro. the factor copurified with an atpase activity that was stimulated by dna. in this report we show that the atpase remains associated with the factor upon glycerol gradient sedimentation. under these conditions vetf sedimented at a rate of 7.6 s suggesting that it may be a heterodimer of the mr 82,000 and 77,000 polypeptides. of the common nucleoside triphosphates, only ... | 1988 | 2839505 |
| comparison of a conserved region in fowlpox virus and vaccinia virus genomes and the translocation of the fowlpox virus thymidine kinase gene. | the dna sequence of a clustered set of genes which are conserved in orthopoxviruses has been determined for the avipoxvirus, fowlpox virus. the arrangement of the genes in fowlpox virus is nearly identical to that in vaccinia virus, and genes which are overlapping in vaccinia virus overlap in fowlpox virus. one major difference exists however, as the thymidine kinase (tk) gene is absent in fowlpox virus from the position it occupies within this cluster of genes in vaccinia virus. instead, in fow ... | 1988 | 2838574 |
| antiviral activity of uridine 5'-diphosphate glucose analogues against some enveloped viruses in cell culture. | twenty five analogues of uridine 5'-diphosphate glucose were screened against herpes simplex type 2, vaccinia virus, sindbis virus and african swine fever virus. after screening, the compound 5'-[[[[(2",3",4",6"-tetra-o-benzoyl-alpha-d- glucopyranosyl)oxi]carbonyl]amino]sulfonyl]uridine (2), the synthesis of which has been reported (camarasa et al., j. med. chem. 28, 40-46, 1985), was selected for further study. this compound showed in vitro activity against all viruses tested. the replication o ... | 1987 | 2837144 |
| analysis of the l1 gene product of human papillomavirus type 16 by expression in a vaccinia virus recombinant. | the l1 open reading frame of human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv16) has been expressed in vaccinia virus under the control of both the 7.5k early and late promoter, and the 4b major late promoter. antibodies to a beta-galactosidase fusion protein containing a c-terminal portion of the hpv16 l1 gene product were used to compare the levels of l1 expression in the two recombinants, and showed that greater levels of expression were obtained when the gene was placed under the control of the 4b late pro ... | 1988 | 2838573 |
| induction of complement-dependent and -independent neutralizing antibodies by recombinant-derived human cytomegalovirus gp55-116 (gb). | the human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) envelope glycoprotein complex gp55-116 was expressed in both escherichia coli and cells infected with a recombinant vaccinia virus. e. coli produced a single protein of mr 100,000 which approximated the size of the nonglycosylated gp55-116 precursor found in hcmv-infected cells. cells infected with the recombinant vaccinia virus contained three intracellular forms of mr 160,000, 150,000, and 55,000 which were detected by a monoclonal antibody reactive with gp55. ... | 1988 | 2841483 |
| recombinant vaccinia virus expressing epstein-barr virus glycoprotein gp340 protects cottontop tamarins against eb virus-induced malignant lymphomas. | a strong association exists between epstein-barr (eb) virus and two human cancers, endemic burkitt's lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. in addition, the virus causes infectious mononucleosis [reviewed in epstein and achong, 1979, 1986] and more recently has been implicated in lymphomas arising in immunosuppressed individuals [cleary et al., 1986]. the possibility of preventing or influencing the course of these diseases by vaccination has been advocated for a number of years [epstein, 1976], ... | 1988 | 2839612 |
| a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein b induces cytotoxic t lymphocytes in mice. | spleen cells from balb/c (h-2d) mice vaccinated with vgb11, a recombinant vaccinia virus which expresses glycoprotein b (gb) of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1), lysed emt6 (h-2d) target cells infected with vgb11 or with hsv-1 but did not lyse uninfected emt6 cells or infected l-929 (h-2k) target cells. unlabelled target cell competition of lysis showed that only syngeneic cells infected with vgb11 or hsv-1 inhibited lysis of radiolabelled hsv-1-infected targets. these results demonstrate tha ... | 1988 | 2839606 |
| [analysis of antibody formation to the vaccinia virus in human subjects and rabbits in response to the administration of a recombinant vaccinia-hepatitis b vaccine]. | immune blotting analysis was used to study antibody production to virion proteins of vaccinia virus (vv) in response to inoculation of human volunteers and rabbits with vv (livp strain) and its genetic engineering recombinant variants carrying a gene of hepatitis b virus surface antigen (liogen-hb/c2-tk-) and, plus to that, the tk gene of herpes simplex virus (liogen-hb/c2-tk+). in the blood of human subjects vaccinated 10-15 years earlier antibodies to many virion proteins were demonstrated: no ... | 1988 | 2842961 |
| expression of varicella-zoster virus glycoprotein i in cells infected with a vaccinia virus recombinant. | bsc-1 cells infected with a vaccinia virus recombinant containing the coding sequences for varicella-zoster virus (vzv) glycoprotein i (gpi) were analyzed by indirect immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation for the expression and processing of gpi. the processing of gpi in cells infected with recombinant virus was the same as that observed during vzv infection. immunofluorescence revealed localization of gpi to the membranes of recombinant virus-infected cells. | 1988 | 2842971 |
| vaccinia virus stimulates the growth of vesicular stomatitis virus at the level of protein synthesis in mouse l cells. | coinfection with vaccinia virus increases the growth of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) in mouse l cells by 10- to 20-fold. although vaccinia has no significant effect on rna synthesis by vsv, vsv protein synthesis is dramatically stimulated by double infection. the enhancement of vsv growth is correlated with the ability of vaccinia to inhibit the vsv-mediated damage to the host translational machinery. coinfection with vaccinia fails to stimulate the growth of a vsv mutant which is deficient ... | 1988 | 2842972 |
| construction of recombinant fowlpox viruses as vectors for poultry vaccines. | plasmid vectors have been constructed which allow the construction of infectious fowlpox virus (fpv) recombinants expressing foreign genes. the foreign genes were inserted within the thymidine kinase (tk) gene of fpv contained in these vectors. to facilitate the selection of recombinants the escherichia coli xanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (ecogpt) gene was developed as a dominant selectable marker. this marker operates in a wide variety of cell types and obviates the need for tk- ce ... | 1988 | 2842977 |
| successful vaccination with a polyvalent live vector despite existing immunity to an expressed antigen. | a global vaccination strategy must take into account production and delivery costs as well as efficacy and safety. a heat-stable, polyvalent vaccine that requires only one inoculation and induces a high level of humoral and cellular immunity against several diseases is therefore desirable. a new approach is to use live microorganisms such as mycobacteria, enteric bacteria, adenoviruses, herpesviruses and poxviruses as vaccine vectors. a potential limitation of live polyvalent vaccines, however, ... | 1988 | 2842693 |
| a dominant selectable marker for the construction of recombinant poxviruses. | mycophenolic acid has been shown to be a potent inhibitor of vaccinia virus growth. by inserting the escherichia coli xanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase gene (gpt) into the vaccinia virus genome under control of the p-7.5 promoter this inhibition was overcome. when coupled in tandem with another gene of interest, recombinant vaccinia viruses can be positively selected carrying both genes. since the gpt gene operates as a selectable marker in most mammalian cells it will be useful as a d ... | 1988 | 2840353 |
| synthesis and antiviral evaluation of 6'-substituted aristeromycins: potential mechanism-based inhibitors of s-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase. | new carbocyclic adenosine analogues substituted at the 6'-position with fluorine, hydroxyl, methylene, or hydroxymethyl have been synthesized as potential mechanism-based inhibitors of s-adenosylhomocysteine (adohcy) hydrolase. the synthetic routes began with a functionalized (+/-)-azidocyclopentane 2, which was elaborated to the adenosine analogue, or with functionalized cyclopentane epoxides 11, 20, and 27, which were opened directly with adenine in the presence of base. the 6' alpha-fluoro, 6 ... | 1988 | 2842505 |
| processing of gag precursor polyprotein of human t-cell leukemia virus type i by virus-encoded protease. | the biological activity encoded in the putative protease gene (pro) of human t-cell leukemia virus type i was investigated by using a vaccinia virus expression vector. the 53-kilodalton gag precursor polyprotein was processed into the mature p19, p24, and p15 gag proteins when the gag and protease-coding sequence was expressed under the control of a vaccinia virus promoter, suggesting that the protease may be synthesized through the mechanism of ribosomal frame shifting. the processing defect of ... | 1988 | 2843670 |
| differential action of nerve growth factor, cyclic amp and neurotropin on pc12h cells. | nerve growth factor (ngf) induced the activities of acetylcholinesterase (ache) and na+,k+-atpase concomitant with neurite outgrowth in pc12h cells, while dibutyryl cyclic amp (dbcamp) caused the induction of ache activity and neurite outgrowth but not na+,k+-atpase activity. a nonproteinaceous extract isolated from the inflamed skin of rabbits inoculated with vaccinia virus (neurotropin) induced neurite outgrowth and cell surface change similar to ngf without affecting ache activity. the result ... | 1988 | 2843298 |
| characterization of vaccinia virus dna topoisomerase i expressed in escherichia coli. | the putative structural gene encoding the vaccinia virus type i dna topoisomerase (ec 5.99.1.2) was expressed in escherichia coli under the control of a bacteriophage t7 promoter. provision of t7 rna polymerase resulted in the accumulation to high level of a mr = 33,000 type i topoisomerase with the properties of the vaccinia enzyme. a simple purification scheme yielded approximately 8 mg of recombinant vaccinia topoisomerase from 400 ml of bacteria. dna unwinding by the enzyme was stimulated by ... | 1988 | 2846543 |
| mode of action of a new type of udp-glucose analog against herpesvirus replication. | the mode of action of a new type of udp-glucose analog against herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) replication was examined. the analog showed good selectivity and potent activity. at 10 micrograms/ml, p-536 inhibited the formation of infectious hsv-1 by more than 90%, whereas at 100 micrograms/ml it had no cytotoxic effects, as evidenced by phase-contrast microscopy. p-536 showed a wide spectrum of action and was active against hsv-1, adenovirus type 5, vaccinia virus, poliovirus type 1, enceph ... | 1988 | 2847650 |
| [isolation of sarcoma virus from noninbred rats]. | the data are presented on the activation of endogenous retrovirus in vaccinia virus--malignant transformed cells of rat tissue culture. infection of the cells by mazurenko mouse leukemia virus induced rat sarcoma virus. the latter was formed as a result of recombination of sarcoma virus-specific sequences received from the rat cells malignantly transformed by vaccinia virus and virus-helper (mazurenko mouse leukemia virus). | 1988 | 2847834 |
| regulation of muifn-alpha/beta and muifn-gamma-induced antiviral states: differential effects with different challenge viruses and lack of correlation with 2'5' oligoadenylate synthetase levels. | the muifn-alpha/beta and muifn-gamma induced antiviral states which are directed against mengovirus have been shown previously to be differentially regulated. following interferon removal, the muifn-alpha/beta-induced antiviral state decays rapidly, while the muifn-gamma-induced antiviral state increases dramatically. to determine whether these observations with mengovirus represent part of a general phenomenon, these studies have been extended using vesicular stomatitis virus and vaccinia virus ... | 1988 | 2845725 |
| characterization of the atrial natriuretic peptide clearance receptor using a vaccinia virus expression vector. | a recombinant vaccinia virus has been used to direct the expression of the atrial natriuretic peptide clearance receptor (anp c-receptor) in mammalian cell lines normally deficient in this protein. the recombinant receptor binds 125i-anp-(102-126) in a specific and saturable manner and carboxyl-terminal truncated and internal-deleted anp analogs bind to this site with high affinity. following the covalent attachment of 125i-anp-(102-126) to the recombinant anp c-receptor, the protein exhibits an ... | 1988 | 2848808 |
| herpes simplex virus type 1-vaccinia virus recombinant expressing glycoprotein b: protection from acute and latent infection. | | 1988 | 2848904 |
| a poxvirus-derived vector that directs high levels of expression of cloned genes in mammalian cells. | high levels of expression of cloned genes have been obtained in mammalian cells by using poxvirus-derived insertion/expression vectors. these vectors employ the cis-acting element (cae i) that directs the transcription of one of the most strongly expressed genes of cowpox virus. this gene (the 160k gene) encodes the 160-kda protein that is the major component of the a-type cytoplasmic inclusions. its counterpart in vaccinia virus (vv) is the 94k gene contained in the hindiii a fragment of the vi ... | 1988 | 2849105 |
| analysis of a large cluster of nonessential genes deleted from a vaccinia virus terminal transposition mutant. | the principal objectives of this study were to analyze the structure and coding potential of a long segment of dna missing from a previously isolated (b. moss, e. winters, and j. a. cooper (1981) j. virol. 40, 387-395) attenuated variant of vaccinia virus strain wr and to examine the precise changes in the genome accompanying the deletion. the sequences of a 14.5-kbp region located at the left end of the standard vaccinia virus genome, extending from within the inverted terminal repetition (itr) ... | 1988 | 2849238 |
| association of mitochondria dna with viral dna in purified preparations of poxviruses. | the presence of cellular material in purified preparations of shope fibroma virus (sfv) and two orthopoxviruses (vaccinia and indiana), was investigated. mitochondria were observed in purified preparations of sfv by electron microscopy and mitochondrial (mt) dna was identified in restricted viral dna by southern blot hybridization with cloned mouse mt dna. mitochondrial dna was also detected in vaccinia and sfv dnas extracted from purified virions treated with dnase i followed by core isolation. ... | 1988 | 2849254 |
| cytotoxic t lymphocytes. their relevance in herpesvirus infections. | we have used recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing the cloned genes coding for glycoprotein b (gb) or glycoprotein d (gd) of hsv-1 to analyze the role of hsv-1--specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) in antiviral immunity. various studies in mice revealed that either vector could stimulate some aspects of hsv-1--specific immunity, but surprisingly, hsv-specific ctl were not induced. even though gd appeared to be a target antigen for class ii-mhc-restricted ctl, neither the gb or the gd vector ... | 1988 | 2845846 |
| immunogenicity of a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing envelope a glycoprotein of bovine leukaemia virus. | we constructed a recombinant vaccinia virus (rvv) expressing envelope (env) glycoprotein (gp51) of bovine leukaemia virus (blv): the expression of gp51 was detected by western blot of the lysates of rabbit kidney cells infected with the rvv. the rabbits inoculated intradermally with the rvv alone failed to induce detectable anti-gp51 antibodies even 10 weeks after immunization. however, when these animals were boosted with inactivated blv virion in saline, significant levels of anti-gp51 antibod ... | 1988 | 2848378 |
| derepression of a novel class of vaccinia virus genes upon dna replication. | a novel class of vaccinia virus genes, called intermediate, is expressed immediately post-replication and prior to the onset of late gene transcription. intermediate transcription is dependent on trans-acting factors which are present in an active state in virus-infected cells prior to the onset of dna replication. plasmid-borne intermediate genes transfected into vaccinia-virus infected cells are expressed prior to dna replication, whereas the copies within the viral genome are repressed. dna r ... | 1988 | 2850166 |
| construction and application of plasmids containing bidirectional promoters of vaccinia virus. | a bidirectional expression vector containing both the 11kd late promoter (p11) and the presumptive 25kd early promoter (p25) was constructed. these bidirectional vectors have been applied to the expression of hepatitis b surface antigen by using one of the promoters for beta-galactosidase as the marker gene and the other one for hepatitis b surface antigen as the target gene. | 1988 | 2846896 |
| recombinant polyoma--vaccinia viruses: t antigen expression vectors and anti-tumor immunization agents. | live vaccinia virus recombinants expressing viral antigens have recently been developed as effective anti-viral vaccines. we have examined the possibility of extending this approach to specific anti-tumor immunity, using tumors induced by the polyoma virus (pyv) as a model system. three recombinant vaccinia viruses, separately encoding the three early proteins of the polyoma virus (large, middle and small tumor (t) antigens) were constructed. each recombinant efficiently expresses the appropriat ... | 1988 | 2852508 |
| [expression of epstein-barr virus membrane antigen in recombinant vaccinia virus]. | | 1988 | 2852553 |
| inhibition of hsv-1 and vaccinia virus replication by cephalosporin derivatives. | derivatives of beta-lactam antibiotics of the cephalosporin type at 0.02-1 mm concentrations interfered with in vitro replication of two dna-containing viruses, herpes simplex i and vaccinia, but showed no effects on two rna-viruses, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus and vesicular stomatitis virus, or on cell viability. the exact structure of the active compounds remains unknown, but opening of the beta-lactam ring appears to be a prerequisite for their formation. whereas cephalosporin derivati ... | 1988 | 2852920 |
| a general method for the construction of recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing multiple foreign genes. | plasmid vectors with multiple cloning sites adjacent to a vaccinia virus (vv) promoter were constructed and used to insert a protein coding sequence and a dominant selectable marker into a non-essential region of the vv genome. recombinant viruses, selected on the basis of expression of the herpes simplex virus (hsv) thymidine kinase gene (tk), were shown to express in infected cells the model gene product, murine major histocompatibility complex (mhc) antigen h-2kd, by cell-surface binding of a ... | 1988 | 2851485 |
| broad-spectrum antiviral activity of the acyclic guanosine phosphonate (r,s)-hpmpg. | (r,s)-9-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonomethoxypropyl)guanine [(r,s)-hpmpg] exhibits broad spectrum antiviral activity with an ed50 of less than 1 microm against herpes simplex virus (hsv) types 1 and 2, varicella zoster virus, human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) and vaccinia in plaque reduction assays. wild type hsv-2 and its thymidine kinase deficient variant are equally sensitive to (r,s)-hpmpg. (r,s)-hpmpg is 100-fold more potent than acyclovir (ed50 = 0.45 microm vs. 44 microm, respectively) against hcmv in ... | 1988 | 2852486 |
| glucocorticoid-mediated establishment of an antiviral state coincident with other glucocorticoid-induced biochemical activities in l929 cells. | incubation of l929 cells with three different glucocorticoids, hydrocortisone, dexamethasone and triamcinolone acetonide, rendered the cells unable to support plaque formation by several unrelated dna and rna viruses. the establishment of this antiviral state by dexamethasone coincided with an inhibition of cell growth and induction of glutamine synthetase activity. these steroid-mediated activities occurred only in cultures of l929 cells and not in cultures of rabbit skin or rat glioma cells. | 1985 | 2864388 |
| evidence for genetic relationship between rna and dna viruses from the sequence homology of a putative polymerase gene of bluetongue virus with that of vaccinia virus: conservation of rna polymerase genes from diverse species. | the nucleotide sequence of segment 1 of the double stranded rna genome of bluetongue virus serotype 10 (btv-10), encoding the largest viral core protein, vp1, has been determined. linear sequence analysis of the predicted amino acid sequence of the 149-k da protein, a putative component of the viral rna-directed rna polymerase, revealed extensive homology with the vaccinia virus 147k da dna-directed rna polymerase subunit. similar homologies were detected between the vp1 polypeptide and the beta ... | 1988 | 2850542 |
| poxvirus deletion mutants: virulence and immunogenicity. | post-vaccinial encephalitis and disseminated vaccinia are major concerns with the use of vaccinia virus recombinants as immunization vectors in man. to identify and characterize possible attenuated poxvirus vectors, rabbitpox virus (rpv) (closely related to vaccinia) and four deletion mutants of rpv were studied for organ tropism, neurovirulence, and protection from wild-type challenge in balb/c mice. intraperitoneal (ip) inoculation with 10(7) pfu wild-type (wt) rpv or with two mutants 8 sm and ... | 1988 | 2853813 |
| [smallpox, eradication and infectious diseases]. | | 1988 | 2854910 |
| [changes in the properties of the vaccinia virus isolated in postvaccinal encephalitis]. | properties of 6 isolates of vaccinia virus isolated from the brain and cerebrospinal fluid in postvaccination encephalitis were studied in comparison with 2 production strains of vaccinia virus with which the children had been vaccinated. significant differences were found between the strains isolated in postvaccination encephalitis and reference virus strains. the plaques produced by the isolates from brain and csf were larger (and in some isolates had a hemorrhagic pattern). the isolates were ... | 1985 | 2865855 |
| interfering activity of epidemic, attenuated and recombinant strains of influenza a virus. | interfering activity (ia) of the epidemic and attenuated influenza virus strains of different ts-phenotype was studied. ia was assessed by inhibition of vaccinia virus cytopathic effect in chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (cam) cells. direct relationship was established between the temperature sensitivity (ts) index and ia of these viruses. the relationship between ia and multiplicity of infection was strain-specific. | 1986 | 2876618 |
| inhibition of vaccinia virus replication in rk-13 cells by n,n'-bis(methylisatin-beta-thiosemicarbazone)-2-methylpiperazine. | n,n'-bis(methylisatin-beta-thiosemicarbazone)-2-methylpiperazine in a 100 mumol/l concentration inhibited the reproduction of vaccinia virus in rk-13 cells by about 90%. this compound (bis-ibtmp) had no influence on virus adsorption and on early stages of virus multiplication, but affected virus reproduction from 12 to 24 hr post-infection (p.i.). the incorporation of 3h-thymidine into infected cells increased during first 10 hr p.i., decreasing gradually afterwards. in the infected cells treate ... | 1986 | 2874722 |
| the importance of imp dehydrogenase inhibition in the broad spectrum antiviral activity of ribavirin and selenazofurin. | the nucleosides ribavirin, selenazofurin, tiazofurin and bredinin all exhibit the lowering of guanylate pools in vitro and in vivo by the inhibition of imp dehydrogenase. however, each of these nucleosides has a separate profile of antiviral and antitumor activity. the imp dehydrogenase inhibition in the case of ribavirin and bredinin appears to be due to the nucleoside 5'-monophosphate and in the case of selenazofurin and tiazofurin to the nad analogs formed intracellularly. with regard to the ... | 1985 | 2872781 |
| characterization of vaccinia virus transcripts involved in selective inhibition of host protein synthesis. | vaccinia virus transcripts synthesized in vitro inhibit protein synthesis directed by globin mrna, emc rna, and total cytoplasmic rna isolated from hela and cho cells in micrococcal nuclease-treated reticulocyte lysates. in contrast, rna isolated from vaccinia virus-infected cells is efficiently translated in the same system in the presence of the in vitro transcripts (g. coppola and r. bablanian (1983), proc. natl. acad. sci. usa 80, 75-79). in this study, we have fractionated the in vitro tran ... | 1986 | 2867647 |
| rapid method for the detection of synergism in combinations of antiviral substances. | the plaque inhibition method was modified in order to evaluate the effectiveness of various combinations of antiviral substances. one substance (a) diffuses from the centre of cell culture, the other (b) is incorporated into the agar overlay at subinhibitory concentration. the inhibitory effect of the combination (a + b) is demonstrated by the increase in size of the inhibitory zone in comparison with the control inhibitory zone produced by the substance a alone. the ratio of the diameter of the ... | 1987 | 2886021 |
| [development of a vaccine for adult t-cell leukemia]. | | 1986 | 2881016 |
| inactivation of human immunodeficiency, herpes simplex, and vaccinia viruses by sodium oxychlorosene. | | 1987 | 2880106 |
| lethal vaccinia infection in cyclophosphamide-suppressed mice is associated with decreased expression of thy-1, lyt-2 and l3t4 and diminished il-2 production in surviving t cells. | prior treatment of c57bl/6j mice with 300 mg/kg of cyclophosphamide (cy) converts a subclinical infection with vaccinia virus to a lethal disease. this is accompanied by a loss of more than 80% of spleen cells and a decreased capacity, on a cell-for-cell basis, to develop virus-immune cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl), although the frequency of ctl precursors among surviving t cells is not greatly modified. phenotypically, the surviving t cells express low levels of cell-surface thy-1, lyt-2 and l3t ... | 1988 | 2895062 |
| vaccinia recombinant expressing lassa-virus internal nucleocapsid protein protects guineapigs against lassa fever. | the lister strain of vaccinia virus was used to construct a recombinant that expressed the nucleocapsid gene of lassa virus. guineapigs immunised with the recombinant virus were protected against challenge with lassa virus, whereas control animals showed the usual disease course, including pyrexia, anorexia, viraemia, and death. these data indicate not only that protective immunity to lassa fever can be evoked by an experimental vaccine, but also that this response can be mediated by an internal ... | 1987 | 2885642 |
| characterisation of poxviruses from sporadic human infections. | an orthopoxvirus was isolated from the vesicular rash of a man in natal who died in coma and who had not been vaccinated. analysis of the viral dna showed that it was a vaccinia virus, more closely related to the virus of south african smallpox vaccine than to other vaccinia viruses. dna analysis also showed that an orthopoxvirus isolated from a sporadic case of severe pustular rash in nigeria was a vaccinia virus closely related to the smallpox vaccine virus used there. minor biological differe ... | 1987 | 2892275 |
| antigenic properties of vaccinia virus and of the virus recombinant strains expressing heterologous genes. | immunologic properties of vaccinia virus (vv), strain lipv, and vv recombinant strains containing the gene of hepatitis b virus surface antigen and the tk gene of herpes simplex virus (hsv) have been studied. production of antibodies against the majority of vv structural proteins, including nucleocapsid internal proteins was demonstrated in rabbits. insertion of heterologous genes into the vv genome was without effect on the spectrum of antibodies produced against vv virion proteins. the data ob ... | 1988 | 2904735 |
| biologic properties and genome structure of the recombinants between ectromelia and rabbitpox viruses. | administration of rabbitpox virus (rpv) dna, cleaved into 2 fragments by smai restrictase, into ectromelia virus (emv)-infected chick fibroblast cells yielded recombinants whose properties were characteristic of both parents. some recombinants capable of producing rpv-type lesions upon intracutaneous (i.c.) infection of rabbits could also produce emv-specific lesions upon footpad inoculation of mice. the analysis of some recombinants as well as vaccinia virus strains has shown that the ability o ... | 1987 | 2888283 |
| [trends in research in developing new type of vaccines--aiming at efficacy and safety. htlv vaccine]. | | 1987 | 2896259 |
| vaccinia virus oncolysates in the treatment of malignant melanoma. | | 1988 | 2908574 |
| cis-acting sequences affecting the length of the poly(a) head of vaccinia virus late transcripts. | mutations in the sequences flanking the conserved and essential taaat motif of vaccinia late gene promoters (consensus: t/a t/a taaat g pu pu) affect the level of expression. introduction of a pyrimidine in the purine stretch downstream of the taaat motif reduces the level of rna synthesis. mature transcripts from the wild-type 11k late promoter have a non-contiguous 5' poly(a) leader of approximately 35 a-residues (referred to as a poly(a) head). we show here by rna sequencing, primer extension ... | 1988 | 2897657 |
| hiv-specific t lymphocyte immunity in mice immunized with a recombinant vaccinia virus. | infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) induces t cell immunity in humans, chimpanzees and macaques. the protective value of this immune response is not clear. we have consequently developed a murine experimental system to study hiv-specific cd4 and cd8 t lymphocyte immunity in vitro and in vivo. balb/c, dba/2 and c3h/he mice were immunized with vaccinia virus (vv) recombinant vv-11.39 which expresses the gp160 glycoprotein of hiv-1. primary and secondary cytotoxic t lymphocyte respo ... | 1988 | 2905993 |
| activation of the vaccinia virus nicking-joining enzyme by trypsinization. | the vaccinia virus nicking-joining (nj) enzyme has been purified to homogeneity from a preparation of virus cores. the virus-specific dna-dependent enzyme, which does not require atp, is a single polypeptide of mr 50,000 and possesses both endonuclease and ligase activities. the principal end product of the enzyme activity, following incubation with closed circular dna of sufficient linking deficiency, is a linear dna in which one of the termini has become cross-linked by the in vitro formation ... | 1989 | 2909531 |
| a rapid and efficient purification of poly(a)-mrna by oligo(dt)30-latex. | latex particles were covalently linked to the 5'-proximal region of oligo(dt)30. the resultant oligo(dt)30-latex was tested for its hybridizability to poly(a) containing mrna. several advantages were noted as compared to the conventional oligo(dt)30-cellulose column chromatography; (1) a highly efficient (approximately 95%) hybridization occurs in a short reaction period (10min), (2) more than 95% of poly(a) mrna can be recovered from oligo(dt)30-latex by a simple heating followed by brief centr ... | 1988 | 2906428 |
| detailed phenotypic characterization of five temperature-sensitive mutants in the 22- and 147-kilodalton subunits of vaccinia virus dna-dependent rna polymerase. | we have carried out detailed phenotypic characterization of five temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of vaccinia virus, the ts lesions of which have previously been mapped to two different subunits of the viral rna polymerase. we have also attempted to determine the mechanism of temperature sensitivity in these mutants. phenotypic characterization of each of the mutants showed that at the nonpermissive temperature, all five mutants exhibited normal levels of early viral mrna and protein synthesis ... | 1989 | 2911121 |
| plaque size phenotype as a selectable marker to generate vaccinia virus recombinants. | in this report, we provide a new method for selection of vaccinia virus recombinants expressing foreign genes. the method is based on the use of the gene encoding the viral 14,000-molecular-weight envelope protein that rescues the small-plaque-size phenotype of a vaccinia virus variant to large-plaque-size virus. selection of recombinants is easily obtained after visual inspection of large viral plaques. | 1989 | 2911129 |
| protection of rhesus monkeys from fatal lassa fever by vaccination with a recombinant vaccinia virus containing the lassa virus glycoprotein gene. | lassa fever is an acute febrile disease of west africa, where there are as many as 300,000 infections a year and an estimated 3000 deaths. as control of the rodent host is impracticable at present, the best immediate prospect is vaccination. we tested as potential vaccines in rhesus monkeys a closely related virus, mopeia virus (two monkeys), and a recombinant vaccinia virus containing the lassa virus glycoprotein gene, v-lsgpc (four monkeys). two monkeys vaccinated with the new york board of he ... | 1989 | 2911575 |
| molecular genetic analysis of vaccinia virus dna polymerase mutants. | to further our understanding of the structure and function of the vaccinia virus dna polymerase, we have performed fine genetic analysis of three mutants with lesions in the polymerase gene. by performing marker rescue analysis with dna fragments of decreasing size, each lesion was localized to within 500 base pairs of dna. the relevant regions of the mutant alleles were then cloned and subjected to dna sequence analysis, which allowed the assignment of a single nucleotide and amino acid change ... | 1989 | 2911123 |
| fine structure mapping of five temperature-sensitive mutants in the 22- and 147-kilodalton subunits of vaccinia virus dna-dependent rna polymerase. | we have mapped the temperature-sensitive (ts) lesions of three mutants, ts51, ts53, and ts65, and two other mutants, ts7 and ts20, to regions on the vaccinia virus genome that encode the 147- and 22-kilodalton subunits of the viral dna-dependent rna polymerase, respectively. plasmid and bacteriophage clones from the hindiii j region and the region spanning the hindiii j-h junction were used in marker rescue experiments to map the mutations. sequence analysis of the region encoding the 22-kilodal ... | 1989 | 2911120 |
| melanoma patient antibody responses to melanoma tumor-associated antigens defined by murine monoclonal antibodies. | sera from melanoma patients undergoing immunization with three distinct immunogens were evaluated for development of igg antibody specific for the melanoma tumor-associated antigens (taas) gd3 and 250-kd glycoprotein (high molecular weight; hmw). of 99 patients receiving either irradiated allogeneic melanoma cells admixed with bacillus calmette-guérin, vaccinia viral oncolysate melanoma cell membranes, or cholesterol hemisuccinate-modified melanoma cells, 12 were determined to have responded aga ... | 1989 | 2921609 |
| studies on poxvirus infection in cats. | the development of clinical disease and the pathogenesis of cowpox were studied in domestic cats inoculated by a variety of routes. intradermal titration in two cats demonstrated that as little as five pfu of cowpox virus caused a primary skin lesion. intradermal inoculation of greater than or equal to 10(5) pfu cowpox virus resulted in severe systemic disease. large amounts of virus (greater than or equal to 10(3) pfu/g) were isolated from skin lesions and the turbinates of cats killed at eight ... | 1989 | 2923548 |
| modulation of ppp(a2'p)na-dependent rnase by a temperature-sensitive mutant of vaccinia virus. | activation of the ppp(a2'p)na (2-5a)-dependent rnase was investigated during the abortive infection of bsc40 cells by a temperature-sensitive mutant of vaccinia virus, ts22. at the nonpermissive temperature, ts22 has an abortive late phenotype. at the onset of late-viral-gene expression, viral mrna is degraded and rrna is cleaved into discrete fragments in the absence of prior interferon treatment (r. f. pacha and r. c. condit, j. virol. 56:395-403, 1985). concomitant with rrna cleavage, an incr ... | 1989 | 2911126 |
| the second-largest subunit of the poxvirus rna polymerase is similar to the corresponding subunits of procaryotic and eucaryotic rna polymerases. | we have characterized the poxvirus gene encoding the second-largest subunit of the viral dna-dependent rna polymerase. this gene, designated rpo132, is located in the hindiii a fragment of the dna of the brighton red strain of cowpox virus. a similar gene is located in the corresponding position in the hindiii a fragment of the dna of the western reserve strain of vaccinia virus. the rpo132 gene is transcribed throughout the viral multiplication cycle. it has two transcriptional start sites; one ... | 1989 | 2915377 |
| the mechanism of tolerance induction of tumor-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity responses by intravenous inoculation of tumor cells. | c3h/hen mice were inoculated intravenously (iv) with 10(6) 10000-r x-irradiated syngeneic mch-1-a1 fibrosarcoma cells 3 times at 4-day intervals (pretreatment). spleen cells from these pretreated or normal mice were sensitized in vitro to mch-1-a1 tumor cells and effector cells generated after 5 days of culture were assayed for delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth) responses by an adoptive transfer into footpads of syngeneic recipient mice together with mch-1-a1 cells. normal spleen cells stimulat ... | 1985 | 2935516 |
| vaccinia virus-infected c-c36 colon tumor cell lysates stimulate cellular responses in vitro and protect syngeneic balb/c mice from tumor cell challenge. | vaccinia virus (vv) was used to infect and lyse the balb/c colon tumor line c-c36 to prepare oncolysate (vco) with augmented immunogenicity. mice treated with vco and challenged with c-c36 were significantly protected against tumor growth as compared to untreated controls (p less than 0.001) and mice treated with co (p less than 0.01). moreover, protection induced by vco was specific when growth inhibition of c-c36 was compared to that of meth-a (p = 0.027). splenocytes from mice stimulated with ... | 1989 | 2915544 |
| role of l3t4 antigen in the activation of various functions of lyt-1+2- t cells against vaccinia virus. | the present study defines assay systems for vaccinia virus-reactive lyt-1+2- t cells mediating various functions and investigates the positivity of l3t4 antigen on these lyt-1+2- t cells as well as the role of l3t4 antigen in the activation of these t cells with respect to their functions. c3h/he mice were immunized against vaccinia virus by inoculating viable virus intraperitoneally (i.p.). anti-vaccinia virus reactivity in lymphoid cells from these immunized mice was assessed by proliferative ... | 1986 | 2946922 |
| chemical synthesis of hepatitis b vaccines. | | 1987 | 2952127 |
| the augmentation of tumor-specific immunity by virus help. iii. enhanced generation of tumor-specific lyt-1+2- t cells is responsible for augmented tumor immunity in vivo. | the role of vaccinia virus-reactive helper t cells (th) in augmenting in vivo generation of antitumor protective immunity and the ly phenotype mediating the enhanced in vivo tumor immunity were investigated. c3h/hen mice were inoculated i.p. with viable vaccinia virus to generate vaccinia virus-reactive th activity. the mice were subsequently immunized i.p. with virus-infected syngeneic x5563 and mh134 tumor cells, and spleen cells from these mice were tested for in vivo tumor neutralizing activ ... | 1986 | 2938736 |
| resolution of vaccinia virus dna concatemer junctions requires late-gene expression. | vaccinia virus replicates in the cytoplasm of infected cells, generating transient replicative intermediates containing the dna for the terminal sequences as concatemeric junctions. the processing of the terminal sequences for a series of vaccinia virus conditional lethal mutants at the nonpermissive temperature was analyzed by restriction enzyme digestion and southern blot hybridization of dna isolated from infected cells. three phenotypes were observed: dna replication negative (rep-), dna rep ... | 1989 | 2926864 |
| evaluation of the pathogenicity and immunogenicity of vaccinia virus to piglets. | the pathogenicity and immunogenicity of vaccinia virus were examined in order to evaluate the possibility of its application as a recombinant viral vaccine in pigs. following scarification inoculation with vaccinia virus, a mild reddish papulation developed only on the scarified part of the skin. no symptoms of illness such as fever or stunting were noted. vaccinia virus was recovered in titers from scarified skin 4 and 7 days after inoculation. control piglets cohabited with inoculated animals ... | 1989 | 2927042 |
| helper t cell recognition of respiratory syncytial virus in mice. | in this study we aimed to define the protein and viral subtype specificities of helper th cells to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). balb/c mice were primed by infection with rsv, or with vaccinia viruses (vv) containing genes encoding several individual rsv proteins. priming for th cell memory was assayed by stimulating spleen cells in vitro with different rsv isolates and measuring rsv-specific interleukin 2 (il-2) release by t cells into supernatants using an il-2-dependent ctll cell line. s ... | 1988 | 2963089 |
| immunopharmacological actions of an extract isolated from inflamed skin of rabbits inoculated with vaccinia virus (neurotropin); enhancing effect on delayed type hypersensitivity response through the induction of lyt-1+2- t cells. | to clarify the immunopharmacological action of an extract isolated from inflamed skin of rabbits inoculated with vaccinia virus (neurotropin), its effect on delayed type hypersensitivity (dth) response to sheep red blood cells (srbc) in mice was examined. neurotropin enhanced the dth response in c57bl/6 mice which were low responders to srbc, but not in either balb/c or c3h/he mice (high responders) when administered i.p. for 4 consecutive days prior to sensitization. however, neurotropin did no ... | 1987 | 2957331 |
| new vaccines against hepatitis b. | the high cost and limited availability of the plasma-derived hepatitis b vaccines have prevented their widespread use, especially in the less developed areas where they are needed most. hepatitis b vaccines produced by recombinant technology seem to offer a solution to these difficulties. studies reported up to now confirmed the safety of this vaccine. immunogenicity studies in various population groups showed that seroconversion rates and antibody titres are comparable to plasma vaccine. in ass ... | 1987 | 2953625 |