Publications

[not available].		0	22896052
molecular analysis of sarcocystis spp. isolated from sheep (ovis aries) in babol area, mazandaran province, northern iran.	to differentiate sarcocystis macro-cyst-forming species in slaughtered sheep in babol area, mazandaran province, sequence analysis of 18s rrna gene was performed.	0	27095971
the long-term impact of infant rearing background on the affective state of adult common marmosets (callithrix jacchus).	early life environment, including temporary family separation, can have a major influence on affective state. using a battery of tests, the current study compared the performance of adult common marmosets (callithrix jacchus), reared as infants under 3 different conditions: family-reared twins, family-reared animals from triplet litters where only 2 remain (2stays) and supplementary fed triplets. no significant differences were found in latency to approach and obtain food from a human or a novel ...	0	26912940
poor health is associated with use of anthropogenic resources in an urban carnivore.	rates of encounters between humans and wildlife are increasing in cities around the world, especially when wildlife overlap with people in time, space and resources. coyotes (canis latrans) can make use of anthropogenic resources and reported rates of conflict have increased in cities across north america. this increase may be linked to individual differences in the use of human food and developed areas. we compared the relationships between coyote age, sex or health and the use of anthropogenic ...	0	25876843
eclair--a web service for unravelling species origin of sequences sampled from mixed host interfaces.	the identification of the genes that participate at the biological interface of two species remains critical to our understanding of the mechanisms of disease resistance, disease susceptibility and symbiosis. the sequencing of complementary dna (cdna) libraries prepared from the biological interface between two organisms provides an inexpensive way to identify the novel genes that may be expressed as a cause or consequence of compatible or incompatible interactions. sequence classification and a ...	0	15980572
sex differences in distortion-product and transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions compared.	although several studies have documented the existence of sex differences in spontaneous otoacoustic emissions (soaes) and transient-evoked oaes (teoaes) in humans, less has been published about sex differences in distortion-product oaes (dpoaes). estimates of sex and ear differences were extracted from a data set of oae measurements previously collected for other purposes. in accord with past findings, the sex differences for teoaes were substantial for both narrowband and wideband measures. by ...	0	19173411
does intra-individual major histocompatibility complex diversity keep a golden mean?	an adaptive immune response is usually initiated only if a major histocompatibility complex (mhc) molecule presents pathogen-derived peptides to t-cells. every mhc molecule can present only peptides that match its peptide-binding groove. thus, it seems advantageous for an individual to express many different mhc molecules to be able to resist many different pathogens. however, although mhc genes are the most polymorphic genes of vertebrates, each individual has only a very small subset of the di ...	0	18926972
sex differences in survival costs of reproduction in a promiscuous primate.	in sexually promiscuous mammals, female reproductive effort is mainly expressed through gestation, lactation, and maternal care, whereas male reproductive effort is mainly manifested as mating effort. in this study, we investigated whether reproduction has significant survival costs for a seasonally breeding, sexually promiscuous species, the rhesus macaque, and whether these costs occur at different times of the year for females and males, namely in the birth and the mating season, respectively ...	0	23645968
pcb-related alteration of thyroid hormones and thyroid hormone receptor gene expression in free-ranging harbor seals (phoca vitulina).	persistent organic pollutants are environmental contaminants that, because of their lipophilic properties and long half-lives, bioaccumulate within aquatic food webs and often reach high concentrations in marine mammals, such as harbor seals (phoca vitulina). exposure to these contaminants has been associated with developmental abnormalities, immunotoxicity, and reproductive impairment in marine mammals and other high-trophic-level wildlife, mediated via a disruption of endocrine processes. the ...	0	16835054
tuataras and salamanders show that walking and running mechanics are ancient features of tetrapod locomotion.	the lumbering locomotor behaviours of tuataras and salamanders are the best examples of quadrupedal locomotion of early terrestrial vertebrates. we show they use the same walking (out-of-phase) and running (in-phase) patterns of external mechanical energy fluctuations of the centre-of-mass known in fast moving (cursorial) animals. thus, walking and running centre-of-mass mechanics have been a feature of tetrapods since quadrupedal locomotion emerged over 400 million years ago. when walking, thes ...	0	16777753
global warming is changing the dynamics of arctic host-parasite systems.	global climate change is altering the ecology of infectious agents and driving the emergence of disease in people, domestic animals, and wildlife. we present a novel, empirically based, predictive model for the impact of climate warming on development rates and availability of an important parasitic nematode of muskoxen in the canadian arctic, a region that is particularly vulnerable to climate change. using this model, we show that warming in the arctic may have already radically altered the tr ...	0	16321777
fear in animals: a meta-analysis and review of risk assessment.	the amount of risk animals perceive in a given circumstance (i.e. their degree of 'fear') is a difficult motivational state to study. while many studies have used flight initiation distance as a proxy for fearfulness and examined the factors influencing the decision to flee, there is no general understanding of the relative importance of these factors. by identifying factors with large effect sizes, we can determine whether anti-predator strategies reduce fear, and we gain a unique perspective o ...	0	16321785
the estimation of genetic relationships using molecular markers and their efficiency in estimating heritability in natural populations.	molecular marker data collected from natural populations allows information on genetic relationships to be established without referencing an exact pedigree. numerous methods have been developed to exploit the marker data. these fall into two main categories: method of moment estimators and likelihood estimators. method of moment estimators are essentially unbiased, but utilise weighting schemes that are only optimal if the analysed pair is unrelated. thus, they differ in their efficiency at est ...	0	16048788
environmental quality and evolutionary potential: lessons from wild populations.	an essential requirement to determine a population's potential for evolutionary change is to quantify the amount of genetic variability expressed for traits under selection. early investigations in laboratory conditions showed that the magnitude of the genetic and environmental components of phenotypic variation can change with environmental conditions. however, there is no consensus as to how the expression of genetic variation is sensitive to different environmental conditions. recently, the s ...	0	16011915
hamilton and zuk meet heterozygosity? song repertoire size indicates inbreeding and immunity in song sparrows (melospiza melodia).	hamilton and zuk's influential hypothesis of parasite-mediated sexual selection proposes that exaggerated secondary sexual ornaments indicate a male's addictive genetic immunity to parasites. however, genetic correlated of ornaments and immunity have rarely been explicitly identified. evidence supporting hamilton and zuk's hypothesis has instead been gathered by looking for positive phenotypic correlations between ornamentation and immunity; such correlations are assumed to reflect causal, addic ...	0	15799943
elevated urinary testosterone excretion and decreased maternal caregiving effort in marmosets when conception occurs during the period of infant dependence.	the proximate mechanisms that regulate transitions in mammalian female reproductive effort have not been widely studied. however, variation in circulating levels of the androgenic steroid hormone testosterone (t) appears to mediate a trade-off between investment in current and future offspring in males [ketterson, e.d., nolan, v., jr., 1992. hormones and life histories: an integrative approach. am. nat. 140, s33-s62; ketterson, e.d., nolan, v., jr., 1994. hormones and life histories: an integrat ...	0	15579264
structure-function relationships in tendons: a review.	the purpose of the current review is to highlight the structure-function relationship of tendons and related structures to provide an overview for readers whose interest in tendons needs to be underpinned by anatomy. because of the availability of several recent reviews on tendon development and entheses, the focus of the current work is primarily directed towards what can best be described as the 'tendon proper' or the 'mid-substance' of tendons. the review covers all levels of tendon structure ...	0	18304204
robustness of linkage maps in natural populations: a simulation study.	in a number of long-term individual-based studies of vertebrate populations, the genealogical relationships between individuals have been established with molecular markers. as a result, it is possible to construct genetic linkage maps of these study populations by examining the co-segregation of markers through the pedigree. there are now four free-living vertebrate study populations for whom linkage maps have been built. in this study, simulation was used to investigate whether these linkage m ...	0	18211883
keeping up with a warming world; assessing the rate of adaptation to climate change.	the pivotal question in the debate on the ecological effects of climate change is whether species will be able to adapt fast enough to keep up with their changing environment. if we establish the maximal rate of adaptation, this will set an upper limit to the rate at which temperatures can increase without loss of biodiversity. the rate of adaptation will primarily be set by the rate of microevolution since (i) phenotypic plasticity alone is not sufficient as reaction norms will no longer be ada ...	0	18211875
wild pedigrees: the way forward.	metrics derived from pedigrees are key to investigating several major issues in evolutionary biology, including the quantitative genetic architecture of traits, inbreeding depression, and the evolution of cooperation and inbreeding avoidance. there is merit in studying these issues in natural populations experiencing spatially and temporally variable environmental conditions, since these analyses may yield different results from laboratory studies and allow us to understand population responses ...	0	18211868
to delay once or twice: the effect of hypobiosis and free-living stages on the stability of host-parasite interactions.	the life cycle of many endoparasites can be delayed by free-living infective stages and a developmental arrestment in the host referred to as hypobiosis. we investigated the effects of hypobiosis and its interaction with delay in the free-living stages on host-parasite population dynamics by expanding a previous attempt by dobson & hudson. when the parasite life cycle does not include free-living stages, hypobiosis destabilizes the host-parasite interactions, irrespective of the assumptions abou ...	0	18182366
inbreeding and disease resistance in a social insect: effects of heterozygosity on immunocompetence in the termite zootermopsis angusticollis.	recent research has shown that low genetic variation in individuals can increase susceptibility to infection and group living may exacerbate pathogen transmission. in the eusocial diploid termites, cycles of outbreeding and inbreeding characterizing basal species can reduce genetic variation within nestmates during the life of a colony, but the relationship of genetic heterogeneity to disease resistance is poorly understood. here we show that, one generation of inbreeding differentially affects ...	0	17002949
limits to sulfur accumulation in transgenic lupin seeds expressing a foreign sulfur-rich protein.	the low sulfur amino acid content of legume seeds restricts their nutritive value for animals. we have investigated the limitations to the accumulation of sulfur amino acids in the storage proteins of narrow leaf lupin (lupinus angustifolius) seeds. variation in sulfur supply to lupin plants affected the sulfur amino acid accumulation in the mature seed. however, when sulfur was in abundant supply, it accumulated to a large extent in oxidized form, rather than reduced form, in the seeds. at all ...	0	11891268
estimated in vivo postnatal surface growth patterns of the ovine main pulmonary artery and ascending aorta.	delineating the normal postnatal development of the pulmonary artery (pa) and ascending aorta (aa) can inform our understanding of congenital abnormalities, as well as pulmonary and systolic hypertension. we thus conducted the following study to delineate the pa and aa postnatal growth deformation characteristics in an ovine model. mr images were obtained from endoluminal surfaces of 11 animals whose ages ranged from 1.5 months/15.3 kg mass (very young) to 12 months/56.6 kg mass (adult). a bicub ...	0	23757175
benefits of standardizing the treatment of arrhythmias in the sheep (ovis aries) model of chronic heart failure after myocardial infarction.	large animal models of heart failure are essential in preclinical device testing. in sheep, catheter-based coil embolization of the left anterior descending and diagonal artery provides a minimally invasive and reproducible model of myocardial infarction (mi). although widely used, this model has historically been plagued with a 30% mortality rate, both in the literature and in our own experience. our study endeavored to decrease the mortality rate by targeting the most common cause of death, in ...	0	23849412
modeling transformations of neurodevelopmental sequences across mammalian species.	a general model of neural development is derived to fit 18 mammalian species, including humans, macaques, several rodent species, and six metatherian (marsupial) mammals. the goal of this work is to describe heterochronic changes in brain evolution within its basic developmental allometry, and provide an empirical basis to recognize equivalent maturational states across animals. the empirical data generating the model comprises 271 developmental events, including measures of initial neurogenesis ...	0	23616543
reconstructing the origin and dispersal patterns of village chickens across east africa: insights from autosomal markers.	unravelling the genetic history of any livestock species is central to understanding the origin, development and expansion of agricultural societies and economies. domestic village chickens are widespread in africa. their close association with, and reliance on, humans for long-range dispersal makes the species an important biological marker in tracking cultural and trading contacts between human societies and civilizations across time. archaezoological and linguistic evidence suggest a complex ...	0	23611649
induction of early biomarkers in a thrombus-induced sheep model of ischemic heart failure.	the levels of brain natriuretic peptide (bnp) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (mcp-1) are known to be increased in the sera of subjects with heart failure. existing models do not account for the biomass of thrombus that occurs in patients undergoing myocardial infarction. in this study, we compared the expressions of sheep-derived genes for bnp, mcp-1, and atrial natriuretic peptide in a new large-animal model of thrombus-induced heart failure. thrombus of autologous platelets was injecte ...	0	24391310
pathology in practice. nasal and nasopharyngeal polyps.		0	23013500
reefs and islands of the chagos archipelago, indian ocean: why it is the world's largest no-take marine protected area.	the chagos archipelago was designated a no-take marine protected area (mpa) in 2010; it covers 550 000 km(2), with more than 60 000 km(2) shallow limestone platform and reefs. this has doubled the global cover of such mpas.it contains 25-50% of the indian ocean reef area remaining in excellent condition, as well as the world's largest contiguous undamaged reef area. it has suffered from warming episodes, but after the most severe mortality event of 1998, coral cover was restored after 10 years.c ...	0	25505830
negative density-dependent dispersal in the american black bear (ursus americanus) revealed by noninvasive sampling and genotyping.	although the dispersal of animals is influenced by a variety of factors, few studies have used a condition-dependent approach to assess it. the mechanisms underlying dispersal are thus poorly known in many species, especially in large mammals. we used 10 microsatellite loci to examine population density effects on sex-specific dispersal behavior in the american black bear, ursus americanus. we tested whether dispersal increases with population density in both sexes. fine-scale genetic structure ...	0	22822432
isolation and morphological characterisation of ovine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in culture.	ad-mscs (adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells), as an easy obtainable population of multipotent cells, have been successfully applied in many diseases in animals. having very similar properties and morphology to these collected from bone marrow, are very attractive object for regenerative medicine.	0	24298341
competitive females are successful females; phenotype, mechanism and selection in a common songbird.	in a variety of taxa, male reproductive success is positively related to expression of costly traits such as large body size, ornaments, armaments, and aggression. these traits are thought to improve male competitive ability, and thus access to limited reproductive resources. females of many species also express competitive traits. however, we know very little about the consequences of individual variation in competitive traits and the mechanisms that regulate their expression in females. conseq ...	0	22345899
mhc signaling during social communication.	the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) has been known to play a critical role in immune recognition since the 1950s. it was a surprise, then, in the 1970s when the first report appeared indicating mhc might also function in social signaling. since this seminal discovery, mhc signaling has been found throughout vertebrates and its known functions have expanded beyond mate choice to include a suite of behaviors from kin-biased cooperation, parent-progeny recognition to pregnancy block. the wid ...	0	22399386
a black sheep.		1842	21369340
description of the organs of generation of a hermaphrodite sheep.		1859	20896133
the disease called sturdy in sheep, in its relation to cerebral localisation.		1880	17231316
case of development of wool on the cornea of a sheep.		1880	17231323
on anthrax and anthracaemia in wool-sorters, heifers, and sheep.		1880	20749691
changes produced in the lungs of sheep by a parasitic worm (strongylus filaria).		1887	17231690
the tape-worm in sheep.		1888	17844268
fattening lambs.		1889	17806427
fate of the notochord and development of the intervertebral disc in the sheep, with observations on the structure of the adult disc in these animals.		1890	17231882
note on the treatment of myxoedema by hypodermic injections of an extract of the thyroid gland of a sheep.		1891	20753415
the origin of the ass, the cat, and the sheep in china.		1892	17756042
a case of myxoedeam successfully treated by massage and hypodermic injections of the thyroid gland of a sheep.		1892	20753588
the treatment of myxoedema by feeding with the thyroid gland of the sheep.		1893	20754152
observations on the action of the brain of the sheep in diseases of the central nervous system and mind.		1893	20754569
some variations in the foramen ovale in the heart of the sheep.		1894	17232088
large cystic myxoma attached to the colon of the sheep.		1896	17232217
an account of a blastodermic vesicle of the sheep of the seventh day, with twin germinal areas.		1898	17232315
note on a moderator band in the left ventricle and a perforate septum ovale in the heart of a sheep.		1898	17232346
spontaneous cure and torsion of aneurism in a sheep.		1898	17232317
a case of pseudo-lupus vulgaris caused by a blastomyces.	the case reported, in this article is one of a somewhat extensive cutaneous disease, which occurred in a man, 33 years of age, who gave the following history: the disease first made its appearance, eleven and a half years ago, at the back of the left ear, as a pimple which soon became pustular. the process extended forward, very slowly and gradually encroached upon and covered almost the entire face, the central portion of which now presents an atrophic cicatricial condition. another similar les ...	1898	19866867
bell on the development by selection of supernumerary mammae in sheep.		1899	17831069
the changes produced in the hemolymph glands of the sheep and goat by splenectomy, hemolytic poisons, and hemorrhage.		1902	19971478
the multi-nippled sheep of beinn bhreagh.		1904	17818460
the multi-nippled sheep of beinn bhreagh.		1904	17753682
the origin of black sheep in the flock.		1905	17797580
concerning the possibility of an antibody for the tetanophile receptor of erythrocytes: a receptor study.	the treatment of washed erythrocytes of the guinea-pig by a heated immune hemolytic serum derived from the rabbit, and of washed erythrocytes of the sheep by a similar serum derived from the goat, renders the erythrocytes more or less resistant to the subsequent action of tetanolysin. if all the serum is removed from corpuscles treated in this manner, it can be determined that some of the protection is due to the agglutination of the cells. a certain amount of the protection afforded by agglutin ...	1905	19867004
a study of pneumococci: a comparison between the pneumococci found in the throat secretions of healthy persons living in both city and country and those obtained from pneumonic exudates and diseased mucous membranes.	1. typical pneumococci were present dunng the winter months in the throat secretions of a large percentage of healthy individuals in city and country. 2. a higher percentage of atypical strains of pneumococci have been obtained from healthy persons than from those suffering from pneumonia. in the latter cases the atypical strains may have been overlooked, because of the larger number of typical pneumococci present. many of the atypical strains seem to be closely related to the streptococci. 3. t ...	1905	19867007
a sheep-goat hybrid.		1907	17810904
normal and hypertrophied pharyngeal tonsils in southdown sheep.		1908	19972961
a preliminary note on melanotic deposits in cattle and sheep in western australia.		1909	19973922
the comparative merits of various complements and amboceptors in the serum diagnosis of syphilis.	1. the maximum activity of an antihuman hemolytic amboceptor may be obtained by employing the homologous or heterologous complement, according to the variable relations existing between the species furnishing the amboceptor and the one supplying the complement. thus, some amboceptors are best reactivated by the complement of the same species, while others may act most strongly when reactivated with the complements of certain suitable heterologous species. 2. from the above it is clear that the c ...	1911	19867397
complement deviation in scarlet fever with comparative studies of the wassermann and noguchi systems.	the wassermann reaction in scarlet fever per se is uniformly negative. the antigen of scarlet fever liver yields practically the same results as that of luetic liver, and both fail to deviate complement with scarlet fever antibodies. the noguchi reaction in scarlet fever is practically negative. sixteen cases, or 6.4 per cent. of 250 cases, were positive when active serum was used; with inactivated serum, but eleven, or 4.4 per cent., remained positive. five of these eleven cases were also posit ...	1911	19867467
hepatic distomiasis (sheep rot) in man.		1911	20765584
are horns in sheep a sex-limited character?		1912	17817039
the nature of the inheritance of horns in sheep.		1912	17781688
horns in sheep as a typical sex-limited character.		1912	17796242
sheep-breeding experiments on beinn bhreagh.		1912	17793216
the constricting influence of adrenalin upon the human coronary arteries.	1. adrenalin causes a marked constriction of the human coronary artery, although it undoubtedly produces a relaxation in some mammals; e. g., calf, sheep, pig, etc. 2. the human coronary artery is probably provided with sympathetic vasoconstrictors. 3. if human blood-vessels are obtained in a warm condition within a few hours after death, they are often suitable for biological and pharmacological study.	1912	19867534
on the mean lytic point of red blood corpuscles and the apparent tonicity of sheep serum.		1912	20474494
the name of the sheep measle tapeworm.		1913	17842643
studies on ferment action : vi. the relation of immune serum lipase to hemolysis.	1. the specific lipase of immune hemolytic serum is not necessary for hemolysis, but this does not prove the non-necessity of a lipolytic action in serum hemolysis, since a lipase is always present in the complement serum. 2. serum lipase is found in the end-piece of split complement. 3. there is a parallelism between the lipase content and complement strength of the sera of different animals (man, rabbit, guinea pig, sheep, ox, cat).	1913	19867625
the purines and purine metabolism of some tumors in domestic animals.	the purines of tumors are generally the same as those of the normal tissue, chiefly guanine and adenine, little more than traces of xanthine, and relatively small amounts of hypoxanthine being found. no uric acid was found in the tumors of this series. in one tumor, an embryonal adenosarcoma in a pig's kidney, a large amount of hypoxanthine, and no adenine was found, while the yield of xanthine was also unusually high. this result cannot be explained at present on experimental grounds, but evide ...	1913	19867726
on the hemolytic properties of fatty acids and their relation to the causation of toxic hemolysis and pernicious anemia.	1. the smallest amount of the sodium soaps necessary for the complete hemolysis of 0.5 of a cubic centimeter of a 5 per cent. suspension of the red blood corpuscles of the sheep, ox, rabbit, dog, or of man, is about the same,-0.03 of a milligram in the case of the following acids: oleic, linoleic, dibromostearic, chloriodostearic, and two isomeric monobromostearic acids; in the case of erucic acid about twice as much of the soap was found to be necessary; in that of palmitic or of dihydroxystear ...	1913	19867727
studies on the complementary and antihemolytic properties of normal sheep serum.		1913	19972122
notes on a sheep thyreoid experiment with frog tadpoles.		1914	17796758
ascaris suum in sheep.		1914	17800310
on the effects of complete and incomplete castration upon horn growth in herdwick sheep.		1914	16993274
pneumococcus hemotoxin.	solutions of the bodies of pneumococci, obtained by dissolving them in dilute solutions of sodium cholate, by permitting them to undergo autolysis, or by first freezing, drying, and then grinding in salt solution, are actively hemolytic for rabbit, sheep, guinea pig, and human red blood corpuscles. the substance on which this hemolytic property depends is very labile, much of its activity is lost on passing through a filter, and it is destroyed by the action of trypsin. in its properties it corr ...	1914	19867825
the specificity of caseinogens. a comparative study of the caseinogens of the cow and the sheep.		1915	16742365
the function of the spleen in the experimental infection of albino mice with bacillus tuberculosis : second paper.	the resistance to an infection with the tubercle bacillus which can be given to mice by the removal of the spleen is lost when fresh spleen, either of mouse or sheep, is added to the diet. the logical conclusion that splenic function in its relation to the specific infection is restored by feeding spleen cannot, however, be drawn; because, in the first place, the character of the disease in the splenectomized spleen-fed animals differs somewhat from that in intact animals; and, secondly, because ...	1915	19867852
the influence of epinephrin upon the coronary circulation of the monkey.	decrease in coronary flow was the constant response of freshly isolated monkey hearts to epinephrin. these hearts were perfused with autogenous hirudinized blood diluted with locke solution. the results were constant at high or low perfusion pressures, in beating or resting hearts, and with all adequate doses. increased coronary flow was obtained constantly in rabbit hearts under identical conditions. in the light of previous work upon isolated human coronary arteries, the general conclusion is ...	1915	19867875
the preservation of living red blood cells in vitro : i. methods of preservation.	the erythrocytes of some species are much damaged when handled in salt solutions, as in washing with the centrifuge after the ordinary method. the injury is mechanical in character. it may express itself in hemolysis only after the cells have been kept for some days. it is greatest in the case of dog corpuscles, and well marked with sheep and rabbit cells. the fragility of the red cells, as indicated by washing or shaking them in salt solution is different, not only for different species, but fo ...	1916	19867981
studies on treponema pallidum and syphilis : ii. spirochaeticidal antibodies against treponema pallidum.	we believe that our experiments have shown that the serum of rabbits and sheep immunized with cultures of treponema pallidum acquires spirochaeticidal properties for these culture spirochaetes. the normal serum of these animals also possesses spirochaeticidal action if used in sufficient quantities, and the action of the immune serum represents probably an increase of the antibodies normally present. both normal and immune spirochaeticidal properties are destroyed by heating to 56 degrees c. the ...	1916	19867990
studies on treponema pallidum and syphilis : iv. the difference in behavior in immune serum between cultivated non-virulent treponema pallidum and virulent treponemata from lesions.	although antibodies can be produced by the immunization of animals with cultivated treponema pallidum, and although these antibodies exert specific agglutinative and treponemicidal action upon the culture organisms, they possess, at least in the concentration so far obtained by us in rabbits and sheep, practically no action for virulent treponemata obtained directly from lesions. there seems to be in the infected body an inability to exert a purely serum action upon the virulent treponemata, a c ...	1916	19867992
studies on heterogeneous hemolytic sera.	red corpuscles with nuclei contain heterogeneous sheep antigen when the organs of the same animal possess it. the sera in question contain not only heterogeneous hemolysins but also heterogeneous agglutinins. the hemolytic sera of rabbits immunized with hen red corpuscles are toxic to guinea pigs and kill them, the clinical picture being that of anaphylactic shock. heterogeneous hemolysins are obtained by means of non-toxic antigen (hen red corpuscles injected into veins of rabbits). this fact r ...	1916	19868038
a comparison of the natural hemolytic activity of fresh human sera against guinea-pig and sheep erythrocytes.		1916	19972284
the distribution of the fatty acids in the milk fat of the cow and sheep.		1917	16742730
staggers in sheep in patagonia.	after observations and experimental work both in the field and laboratory, the following conclusions seem justified. 1. staggers is a non-infectious disorder affecting horses, cattle, and sheep. 2. the disease is characterized by weakness, muscular twitching, irregular movements of the head, stiffness of the limbs, and transient motor paralysis, accompanied with spastic spasms on excitement. there is also a derangement of vision and conjunctivitis. 3. the postmortem lesions are not characteristi ...	1917	19868185
further study on the cultural conditions of leptospira (spirochaeta) icterohaemorrhagiae.	1. the presence of suitable animal or human serum is essential for the cultivation of leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae. 2. the nutrient value of serum is considerably reduced by heating to 60 degrees c. for 30 minutes and is destroyed by boiling (100 degrees c). filtration through a berkefeld filter does not diminish the nutrient value of the serum. 3. the cultural value of different animal sera varies considerably. it is entirely absent from the sera of the rat and the pig. the sera of the rabbit ...	1918	19868228
observations on the wassermann reaction : a comparison of the new system of noguchi with that using cholesterolized antigen according to mcintosh and fildes.	the wassermann reaction carried out according to the method of mcintosh and fildes, with cholesterolized antigen and with certain allowances for the presence of native anti-sheep amboceptor; leads to about the same result as when it is done according to the recent proposal of noguchi, with the native human complement and acetone-insoluble lipoids as antigen. the differences are such as to suggest that from the point of view of diagnosis the noguchi method is the more conservative but that there ...	1919	19868323
etiology of yellow fever : vi. cultivation, morphology, virulence, and biological properties of leptospira icteroides.	by the employment of methods designed to promote the growth both of aerobic and anaerobic organisms, particularly those belonging to the class of spirochetes, it was possible to obtain a pure culture of a delicate organism, the morphological features of which place it in the genus leptospira. on three occasions, that is, from three out of eleven cases of yellow fever, the organism was directly cultivated. these three strains were found to induce the characteristic symptoms and lesions when teste ...	1919	19868342
the conveyance of the virus of a human acute infective polioencephalo-myelitis occurring in australia to monkeys, sheep, a calf and a foal.		1919	19980661
importance of blood groups in complement fixation reactions.	1. the presence of a natural anti-human hemolysin, only active against group i and group ii cells, was demonstrated in over 50 guinea pigs, obtained from different sections of the surrounding country. it was shown that, in a majority of the sera tested, this hemolysin would be a contributing factor to an excess of amboceptor in the reaction, in the quantities of complement used in an antihuman complement fixation reaction. the hemolysin is specific, in as far as it can be absorbed with either gr ...	1920	19868437
thyroidectomy and parathyroidectomy with relation to the development of immune substances.	1. after thyroidectomy with partial parathyroidectomy the maximum and average hemolytic titers of the sera of rabbits injected intravenously with sheep blood are equal to or higher than those of normal animals similarly injected. 2. thyroidectomy with partial parathyroidectomy does not inhibit antibody production. this fact is in accord with the results of garibaldi, launoy and lévy-bruhl, lerda and diez, and others. 3. thyroidectomy with partial parathyroidectomy does not cause serious disturba ...	1921	19868558
studies on the tuberculin reaction and on specific hypersensitiveness in bacterial infection.	the work reported in the preceding sections justifies, we think, a number of definite conclusions. in addition to this, some of the experiments indicate a line of thought which may lead to considerable alteration in our conceptions, both of phenomena of bacterial hypersensitiveness and of infection. 1. in guinea pigs two fundamentally different types of intradermal reactions may be observed. one of these is the immediate, transitory reaction which develops in animals sensitized against proteins ...	1921	19868574
the amino-acids of flesh: the di-amino-acid content of rabbit, chicken, ox, horse, sheep, and pig muscle.		1922	16743063