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gammaherpesvirus in cervid species from norway: characterization of a new virus in wild and semi-domesticated eurasian tundra reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus).gammaherpesvirus infections have been described in cervids worldwide, mainly the genera macavirus or rhadinovirus. however, little is known about the gammaherpesviruses species infecting cervids in norway and fennoscandia. blood samples from semi-domesticated (n = 39) and wild (n = 35) eurasian tundra reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus), moose (alces alces, n = 51), and red deer (cervus elaphus, n = 41) were tested using a panherpesvirus dna polymerase (dpol) pcr. dpol-pcr-positive samples wer ...202032796534
dear deer? maybe for now. people's perception on red deer (cervus elaphus) populations in portugal.the human dimension of wildlife is a subject of increasing interest, especially considering the potential impact of people's perceptions on decision-making concerning wildlife management and thus on species' distribution and abundance. this is particularly important for species that inhabit human-dominated landscapes, where conflicts are likely to arise. these conflicts typically emerge between different human collectives when their interests collide and thus an assessment of their perceptions i ...202032823227
a survey of gastrointestinal nematode species in red deer (cervus elaphus) farms in new zealand using pcr.gastrointestinal nematodes are recognised as an animal health issue for farmed red deer. the aim of this study was to explore the range of species infecting farmed deer herds and their farm-level prevalence in new zealand. faecal samples were collected from 12-24-month-old deer (n = 6-26; mean 19) on 59 farms located in the north (n = 25) and south (n = 34) islands. sub-samples of faeces were pooled by farm and cultured to recover third stage larvae. twenty four larvae were randomly selected and ...202032862895
endozoochorous dispersal by herbivores and omnivores is mediated by germination conditions.vertebrate-mediated seed dispersal is probably the main long distance dispersal mode. through endozoochory, large mammals act as mobile links between habitats within and among forest patches. along with other factors, their feeding regimes do affect their contribution as dispersal vectors. we conducted a cross-species comparative experiment involving two herbivores, red deer and roe deer; and two opportunistic omnivores, wild boar and brown bear, all occurring in the forest and steppe-forest eco ...202032867734
stable body size of alpine ungulates.in many species, decreasing body size has been associated with increasing temperatures. although climate-induced phenotypic shifts, and evolutionary impacts, can affect the structure and functioning of marine and terrestrial ecosystems through biological and metabolic rules, evidence for shrinking body size is often challenged by (i) relatively short intervals of observation, (ii) a limited number of individuals, and (iii) confinement to small and isolated populations. to overcome these issues a ...202032874622
failure to detect prion infectivity in ticks following prion-infected blood meal.chronic wasting disease (cwd) is an emerging and fatal contagious prion disease that affects cervids, including mule deer, white-tailed deer, black-tailed deer, red deer reindeer, elk, and moose. cwd prions are widely distributed throughout the bodies of cwd-infected animals and are found in the nervous system, lymphoid tissues, muscle, blood, urine, feces, and antler velvet. the mechanism of cwd transmission in natural settings is unknown. potential mechanisms of transmission include horizontal ...202032878935
prevalence and characterization of cryptosporidium species and genotypes in four farmed deer species in the northeast of china.cryptosporidiosis is a major public health problem in humans and animals. information on the prevalence and molecular diversity of cryptosporidium in farmed deer in northeastern china is limited. in this study, the prevalence of these parasites was investigated in four farmed deer species, including 125 reindeer, 109 red deer, 86 sika deer, and 18 siberian roe deer by nested pcr amplification of the partial small subunit of ribosomal rna (ssu rrna) gene. c. ubiquitum isolates were subtyped using ...202032903723
comparative metabolomics study revealed difference in central carbon metabolism between sika deer and red deer antler.the antler regeneration has been well studied for the past two decades and adopted in the regenerative medicine model for studying on developmental biology. despite our growing knowledge of functional molecules regulating antler regeneration, we still do not know whether antler from different deer species possess the exact same mechanism or not. our previous comparative study between sika deer and red deer suggests that the metabolic pathways between them are profoundly different based on protei ...202032908856
a comprehensive study of cutaneous fibropapillomatosis in free-ranging roe deer (capreolus capreolus) and red deer (cervus elaphus): from clinical manifestations to whole-genome sequencing of papillomaviruses.papillomaviruses (pvs) are an extremely large group of viruses that cause skin and mucosa infections in humans and various animals. in roe deer and red deer, most pvs belong to the deltapapillomavirus genus and cause neoplastic changes that are generally described as fibropapillomas. despite the wide distribution of roe and red deer throughout europe and beyond, the data in the scientific literature regarding the widespread distribution of pvs and the genetic variability of pv genomes in these s ...202032911735
distribution of pestivirus exposure in wild ruminants in spain.a large-scale study was carried out to determine the prevalence of antibodies against pestivirus species in wild ruminants and describe their spatial variation in mainland spain. serum samples of 1,874 wild ruminants from different regions of this country were collected between the years 2000 and 2017. a total of 6.6% (123/1,874) animals showed antibodies against pestivirus by both blocking elisa (belisa) and virus neutralization tests (vnt). the prevalence of antibodies against pestiviruses was ...202032920992
seroprevalence of five zoonotic pathogens in wild ruminants in xinjiang, northwest china.wild ruminants are at risk for zoonotic pathogen infection as a result of interactions with domestic animals and humans. one way to assess the level of a wild ruminant disease in a population is to determine the seroprevalence of the pathogen of interest. the objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of five zoonotic pathogens in wild ruminants in xinjiang, northwest china. in 2009 and 2011-2015, 258 wild ruminant sera samples were collected from various species. samples were o ...202032936059
the scale-dependent effectiveness of wildlife management: a case study on british deer.impacts of herbivory by wild ungulates represent a significant issue world-wide. to be effective, management of populations and impacts needs to be coordinated above the site scale, yet little research has investigated the appropriate spatial scale over which management should be integrated to be fully effective. in consideration of reduction of impacts in deciduous or mixed woodland habitats, we tested scale-specific management effectiveness in a lowland area of uk where moderate- to high-densi ...202032947117
case report: fading elk syndrome in a herd of captive elk (cervus elaphus) in the north american midwest.fading elk syndrome, or chronic ill-thrift of elk, is a disease associated with abomasal parasitism with ostertagia species, of which elk appear to be particularly susceptible. while this syndrome has been extensively reported to affect wapiti-type red deer hybrids farmed in new zealand since the mid 1980's, there is only a single report of this disease in north america. here, we report a case of fading elk syndrome in a herd of 34 elk (cervus elaphus) in ames, iowa, at the national animal disea ...202032974398
the wildlife-livestock interface on extensive free-ranging pig farms in central spain during the "montanera" period.the effective management of shared pathogens between wild ungulates and livestock requires the understanding of the processes of interaction between them. in this work, we studied the interspecific frequency of interaction (ifreq) and its spatiotemporal pattern between wild and domestic ungulates that coexist in free-ranging farms. for this purpose, 6 red deer, 6 wild boar, 8 iberian pigs and 3 cattle were monitored using gps devices during the "montanera" period (the period in which iberian pig ...202032979253
impact of freeze-thaw cycles on die-off of e. coli and intestinal enterococci in deer and dairy faeces: implications for landscape contamination of watercourses.characterising faecal indicator organism (fio) survival in the environment is important for informing land management and minimising public health risk to downstream water users. however, key gaps in knowledge include understanding how wildlife contribute to catchment-wide fio sources and how fio survival is affected by low environmental temperatures. the aim of this study was to quantify e. coli and intestinal enterococci die-off in dairy cow versus red deer faecal sources exposed to repeated f ...202032987924
epidemiological characterization of mycobacterium caprae strains isolated from wildlife in the bieszczady mountains, on the border of southeast poland.the majority of animal tuberculosis (tb) cases reported in wildlife in poland over the past 20 years have concerned the european bison inhabiting the bieszczady mountains in southeast poland: an area running along the border of southeast poland. as no tb cases have been reported in domestic animals in this region since 2005, any occurrence of tb in the free-living animals inhabiting this area might pose a real threat to local livestock and result in the loss of disease-free status. the aim of th ...202032993648
elk population dynamics when carrying capacities vary within and among herds.population and land management relies on understanding population regulation and growth, which may be impacted by variation in population growth parameters within and among populations. we explored the interactions between variation in carrying capacity (k), intrinsic population growth rate (r), and strength of density dependence (β) within and among elk (cervus elaphus) herds in a small part of the geographic range of the species. we also estimated stochastic fluctuations in abundance around k ...202032994437
interspecific interactions among functionally diverse frugivores and their outcomes for plant reproduction: a new approach based on camera-trap data and tailored null models.the study of plant-frugivore interactions is essential to understand the ecology and evolution of many plant communities. however, very little is known about how interactions among frugivores indirectly affect plant reproductive success. in this study, we examined direct interactions among vertebrate frugivores sharing the same fruit resources. then, we inferred how the revealed direct interspecific interactions could lead to indirect (positive or negative) effects on reproductive success of fle ...202033064761
whole-genome sequencing of tarim red deer (cervus elaphus yarkandensis) reveals demographic history and adaptations to an arid-desert environment.the initiation of desert conditions in the tarim basin in china since the late miocene has led to the significant genetic structuring of local organisms. tarim red deer (cervus elaphus yarkandensis, trd) have adapted to the harsh environmental conditions in this basin, including high solar radiation and temperature, aridity, and poor nutritional conditions. however, the underlying genetic basis of this adaptation is poorly understood.202033072165
sarcocystis infection in red deer (cervus elaphus) with eosinophilic myositis/fasciitis in switzerland and involvement of red foxes (vulpesvulpes) and hunting dogs in the transmission.red deer (cervus elaphus) carcasses showing grey-greenish discolouration have been increasingly observed in the canton of grisons, switzerland. we investigated whether sarcocystis infections were associated with this pathology, and whether wild and domestic canids were involved in their transmission. meat from affected red deer (n = 26), faeces and intestines from red foxes (vulpesvulpes) (n = 126), and faeces from hunting dogs (n = 12) from the region, were analysed. eosinophilic myositis and/o ...202033083225
herpesvirus diseases of domestic animals and game species in the slovak republic.herpesviruses are dna viruses that cause serious latent infections in humans and animals. these pathogens significantly influence the animal health and economy of animal husbandry. the reduction of production parameters, abortions, birth of weak individuals and by costs associated with the elimination and monitoring of herpesvirus diseases are among the most serious harms caused by herpesviruses. in our review we focused mainly on herpesvirus diseases in pigs and cattle (aujeszky's disease, bovi ...202033112639
temporal trends (1953-2012) of toxic and essential elements in red deer antlers from northeastern poland.red deer antlers have a number of advantages that make them a unique material for monitoring trace elements. as antlers are shed and regrown every year, results of toxicological investigations can be applied to a particular region and time. we analyzed the content of four toxic (pb, cd, hg, as) and three essential (cu, zn, fe) trace elements in 254 red deer antler samples spanning between 1953 and 2012. age of stags did not influence concentrations of analyzed elements in antlers, except for zn ...202033113660
transstadial transmission from nymph to adult of coxiella burnetii by naturally infected hyalomma lusitanicum.coxiella burnetii (derrick) philip, the causative agent of q fever, is mainly transmitted by aerosols, but ticks can also be a source of infection. transstadial and transovarial transmission of c. burnetii by hyalomma lusitanicum (koch) has been suggested. there is a close relationship between this tick species, wild animals and c. burnetii but the transmission in a natural environment has not been demonstrated. in this study, we collected 80 engorged nymphs of h. lusitanicum from red deer and w ...202033113791
plantain (plantago lanceolata) reduces the environmental impact of farmed red deer (cervus elaphus).the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of plantain (plantago lanceolata l.) on water dynamics and balance, as well as nitrogen (n) excretion by red deer (cervus elaphus l.) as a potential forage tool to reduce negative environmental impacts. this experiment used a crossover design with red deer (n = 8) in metabolism crates to determine how fresh-cut herbage diets of either plantain or ryegrass (lolium perenne l.) compared in terms of dry matter intake (dmi), diet digestibility, w ...202033123680
bilateral antler sequestration above the coronet in a red deer (cervus elaphus) stag-insights into the process of antler casting.this paper reports a case of delayed velvet shedding and bilateral premature antler casting above the coronets in a young adult red deer stag from germany. based on the established role of testosterone in the control of the antler cycle, the antler abnormality is considered to have been the result of a (temporary) androgen deficiency. the basal surfaces (separation planes or seals) of the cast antlers were markedly concave. scanning electron microscopy revealed that the separation plane was dens ...202033128478
the importance of individual movement and feeding behaviour for long-distance seed dispersal by red deer: a data-driven model.long-distance seed dispersal (ldd) has strong impacts on the spatiotemporal dynamics of plants. large animals are important ldd vectors because they regularly transport seeds of many plant species over long distances. while there is now ample evidence that behaviour varies considerably between individual animals, it is not clear to what extent inter-individual variation in behaviour alters seed dispersal by animals.202033133610
the dark ventral patch: a bimodal flexible trait related to male competition in red deer.sexual signals play a central role in male-male competition in polygynous species. in red deer (cervus elaphus), male's ventral area become dark during the rutting season due to urine spraying behaviour and retains many chemical compounds potentially revealing individual features. here we investigate the variation in size of this trait, exploring its relationship with age and male competitive features such as antlers or body size, as well as populational level of intrasexual competition for mate ...202033151970
pressure algometry validation and determination of efficacy of articaine hydrochloride ring block in antler removal in red deer (cervus elaphus).new zealand deer farming centres on the production of meat and velvet antler. velvet antler removal is a painful procedure and currently, new zealand animal welfare regulations dictate surgical removal of velvet antlers under lignocaine anaesthesia. to improve our knowledge on the efficacy and duration of other local anaesthetics to mitigate pain after antler removal, it is important to accurately assess and quantify pain arising from antler removal. therefore, the current study was designed to ...202033153106
a systematic review and meta-analysis of toxoplasma gondii in roe deer (capreolus capreolus) and red deer (cervus elaphus) in europe.the objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to summarize the available knowledge on the seroprevalence of t. gondii in roe deer (capreolus capreolus) and red deer (cervus elaphus) in europe. a computerized literature search of electronic databases (pubmed and cab abstracts) was performed along with hand searches of library resources for relevant papers, books, abstracts and conference proceedings. a random-effect model was employed to calculate pooled seroprevalence estimates w ...202033164352
mammalian orthoreovirus (mrv) is widespread in wild ungulates of northern italy.mammalian orthoreoviruses (mrvs) are emerging infectious agents that may affect wild animals. mrvs are usually associated with asymptomatic or mild respiratory and enteric infections. however, severe clinical manifestations have been occasionally reported in human and animal hosts. an insight into their circulation is essential to minimize the risk of diffusion to farmed animals and possibly to humans. the aim of this study was to investigate the presence of likely zoonotic mrvs in wild ungulate ...202133546342
a survey of shared pathogens at the domestic-wild ruminants' interface in doñana national park (spain).a cross-sectional study was carried out to evaluate shared pathogens that can be transmitted by close or non-close contact at the domestic-wild ruminants' interface. during summer-autumn 2015, a total of 138 cattle and 203 wild ruminants (red deer, cervus elaphus, and fallow deer, dama dama) were sampled in doñana national park (dnp, south-western spain), a mediterranean ecosystem well known for the interaction network occurring in the ungulate host community. pestiviruses, bovine respiratory sy ...202133900033
schmallenberg virus, cyclical reemergence in the core region: a seroepidemiologic study in wild cervids, belgium, 2012-2017.schmallenberg virus emerged in 2011 in europe. the epicentre of primordial spreading was the region straddling germany, the netherlands and belgium. one of the key questions is whether the newcomer would establish a lasting presence on the continent. the apparent seroprevalence in southern belgium wild deer populations was followed for 6 years. two years of intense circulation were revealed, 2012 and 2016, characterized by a peak seroprevalence in the two studied populations (capreolus capreolus ...202133949132
detection of tick-borne pathogens in red deer (cervus elaphus), united kingdom.deer represent a major vertebrate host for all feeding stages of the hard tick ixodes ricinus in the united kingdom (uk), and could play a role in the persistence of tick-borne pathogens. however, there have been few studies reporting the presence of babesia spp. and anaplasma phagocytophilum in deer in the uk, and those that detected babesia were unable to confirm the species. to address this, we have investigated blood samples from red deer (cervus elaphus) for the presence of tick-borne patho ...202134070977
long-term determinants of the seroprevalence of the bluetongue virus in deer species in southern spain.bluetongue is a vector-borne disease affecting domestic and wild ruminants, with a major socioeconomic impact. endemic circulation of the bluetongue virus serotype 4 (btv-4) and btv-1 have occurred in spain since 2004 and 2007, respectively. however, epidemiological studies have seldom been approached from a long-term perspective in wild ruminants. a total of 881 deer (red deer and fallow deer) were necropsied from 2005 to 2018 as part of the dnp health-monitoring program. serum samples were tes ...202134280654
the european bison (bison bonasus) as an indicatory species for the circulation of tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev) in natural foci in poland.tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) is one of the most common zoonotic diseases in europe transmitted by ixodidae vectors. while small mammals such as bank voles and ticks constitute the main reservoirs for virus transmission, large sylvatic species act as a food source for ticks. cervids such as roe deer and red deer are considered sentinel species for tbe in natural foci. in addition, an increase of the population size and density of large wild mammals in an area corresponds to an increase in the ti ...202134358779
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